635:('Children of the Road'). The separation of children was justified as the Yenish being a 'criminal milieu' of 'homelessness and vagrancy' was later criticized as a violation of the fundamental rights of the Yenishe to family life, with children separated from parents by force without due criminal procedure, and resulting in many of the children suffering an ordeal of successive foster homes and orphanages. In all, 590 children were taken from their parents and institutionalized in orphanages, mental institutions, and even prisons. Child removals peaked in the 1930s to 1940s, in the years leading up to and during World War II. After public criticism in 1972, the program was discontinued in 1973.
315:
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25:
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147:
156:
217:
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524:), were discouraged and attempts were made to incite the settlers to move away, in the form of various forms of harassment, and in some cases physical attacks. By the late 19th century, many recently sedentary Yenish were nevertheless integrated into local populations, gradually moving away from their tradition of
575:('archive of travelling families'), but this effort was incomplete by the end of World War II. It appears that only very limited numbers of Yenish (compared with the number of Romani victims) were actually deported: five Yenish individuals are on record as having been deported from Cologne, and a total of 279
1293:. Eine Minderheit begründet sich, in: Jahrbuch für Antisemitismusforschung 19 (2010), S. 126–150; ders., Rezension zu: Andrew d’Arcangelis, Die Jenischen – verfolgt im NS-Staat 1934–1944. Eine sozio-linguistische und historische Studie, Hamburg 2006, in: Historische Literatur, Bd. 6, 2008, H. 2, S. 165–168,
1220:
Verordnung ĂĽber die
Aufnahme neu anziehender Personen vom 31. Dezember 1842, Neue Sammlung, 6. Abt., S. 253–254; Verordnung über die Verpflichtung zur Armenpflege vom 31. Dezember 1842, ebenda, S. 255–258; Verordnung über Erwerbung und Verlust der Eigenschaft als Preußischer Untertan vom 31. Dezember
1465:
Since autumn 2016, the Swiss federal authorities officially declare: "With the ratification of the
Framework Convention of the Council of Europe of 1 February 1995 on the Protection of National Minorities, Switzerland has recognized the Swiss Yenish and Sinti as a national minority—regardless of
644:("Wheel Cooperative of the Road"). The Swiss federal authorities have officially recognized the "Swiss Yenish and Sinti" as a "national minority". With the ratification of the European language charter in 1997, Switzerland has given the status of a "territorial non-tied language" to the
666:(Yenish in Austria) was founded with headquarters in Innsbruck. As part of a meeting with the ethnic group spokespersons of the parliamentary parties, the association submitted a request for recognition in accordance with the Ethnic Groups Act on 23 March 2022.
513:
in 1842 introduced a law forcing municipalities to provide social welfare to permanent residents without citizenship. As a consequence, there were attempts to prevent Yenish people from taking permanent residence. Recently established settlements of Yenish,
619:
and Yenish), both sedentary and non-sedentary, in
Switzerland, among them an estimated 20,000 Yenish people. Mariella Mehr had already claimed in 1979 that there were "about 20,000 Yenish", among whom only "a handful of families who are still travelling".
583:('caravan dwellers') are known to have been deported from the Netherlands in 1944. Lewy (2001) has discovered one case of the deportation of a Yenish woman in 1939. The Yenish people are mentioned as a persecuted group in the text of the 2012
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1022:
Ermolenko, Svetlana; Turchyn, Karina (2021). "Sprachliche
Diskriminierung und die Politische Korrektheit in Der Deutschen Sprache" [Linguistic Discrimination and Political Correctness in the German Language].
987:
931:. Stuttgart 1793. The author of the 1793 work identifies the vagrant populations of criminals as a recent phenomenon, originally due to vagrant soldiers in the Thirty Years' War and reinforced by later wars.
1234:(1995). "„Mäckeser". Zur Geschichte der Fahrenden im Oberbergischen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert" ["Mäckeser". On the history of the travellers in the Oberberg region in the 18th and 19th centuries].
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344:
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had a semi-official policy of institutionalizing Yenish parents as mentally ill and having their children adopted by members of the sedentary Swiss population. The name of this program was
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near Melk, and since then a language island of Yenish has existed there. In
November 2021, on the initiative of linguist Heidi Schleich and now chairman Marco Buckovez, the association
956:
584:
75:
848:
997:
1253:
1383:
Mehr, Mariella (1979). "Jene, die auf nirgends verbriefte Rechte pochen" [Those who insist on rights that are not enshrined anywhere]. In ZĂĽlch, Tilman;
1411:
752:
543:
beginning in 1933 was directed not exclusively against the Romani people but also targeted "vagrants who travel around after the manner of the gypsies" ("
1289:
Zimmermann, Michael, Rassenutopie und
Genozid. Die nationalsozialistische „Lösung der Zigeunerfrage“, Hamburg 1996, S. 153, S. 436. Ulrich Opfermann:
417:, before emerging as a distinct group by the early 19th century. Most of the Yenish became sedentary in the course of the mid-19th to 20th centuries.
1441:
85:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1271:(2010). "Die Jenischen und andere Fahrende. Eine Minderheit begrĂĽndet sich" [The Yenish and other travellers. A minority is established.].
675:
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1155:
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thus being absorbed into the general German population. Those Yenish who did not become sedentary by the late 19th century took to living in
1526:
475:
for an argot used by rogues which has been cobbled together from all sorts of languages"). An anonymous author in 1810 argues that
1208:
1055:
1371:
Rahmenkredit
Stiftung „Zukunft für Schweizer Fahrende“, in: Nationalrat, Sommersession 2001, Sechste Sitzung, 11. Juni 2001.
1081:
638:
An organisation for the political representation of travellers (Yenish as well as Sinti and Roma) was founded in 1975, named
1595:
Ils constituent, aujourd'hui en France, sans doute le groupe le plus volumineux au sein de la communauté des Gens du voyage
405:. A number of theories for the group's origins have been proposed, including that the Yenish descended from members of the
929:
AbriĂź des Jauner- und
Bettelwesens in Schwaben nach Akten und andern sichern Quellen von dem Verfasser des Konstanzer Hans
1476:
70:
1302:
Michael
Zimmermann, Rassenutopie und Genozid. Die nationalsozialistische „Lösung der Zigeunerfrage“, Hamburg 1996, 174;
1315:
Michael
Zimmermann, Rassenutopie und Genozid. Die nationalsozialistische „Lösung der Zigeunerfrage“, Hamburg 1996, 314.
93:
1306:/Frank Sparing, Rassismus – Lager – Völkermord. Die nationalsozialistische Zigeunerverfolgung in Köln, Köln 2005, 211.
451:
remained strictly an adjective that refers to the language, not the people, until the first half of the 19th century.
1626:
1203:'non-gypsies'. Yaron Matras, "The Romani element in German secret languages: Jenisch and Rotwelsch" in Matras (ed.),
1091:
106:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1500:
1423:
1414:[Roma, Sinti and Yenish. Swiss Gypsy policy during the National Socialist era. Contribution to research]
1412:
Roma, Sinti und Jenische. Schweizerische Zigeunerpolitik zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Beitrag zur Forschung
1597:[Today in France, they constitute without doubt the largest group within the community of Travellers.]
1372:
806:
762:
1357:
1117:
Wolfgang Seidenspinner: "Herrenloses Gesindel. Armut und vagierende Unterschichten im 18. Jahrhundert". In:
742:
1451:
1053:
Lucassen, Leo (1993). "A Blind Spot: Migratory and Travelling Groups in Western European Historiography".
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Gassed in Auschwitz, persecuted to this day. On the situation of the Roma (Gypsies) in Germany and Europe
370:
298:
314:
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In Auschwitz vergast, bis heute verfolgt. Zur Situation der Roma (Zigeuner) in Deutschland und Europa
101:
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888:
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302:
1621:]. Basler Beitrage zur Geschichtswissenschaft (in German). Vol. 176. Basel: Schwabe.
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122:
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Many Yenish people in Germany became sedentary in the second half of the 19th century. The
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so nennt man in Schwaben die aus fast allen Sprachen zusammengeschleppte Spitzbubensprache
8:
414:
1361:, Dokumentations- und Kulturzentrum Deutscher Sinti und Roma, Pressemappe, S. 16–20, pdf
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1142:
Rotwelsch. Sources and vocabulary of the thieves’ language and related secret languages
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of the early modern period, emerged towards the end of the 18th century. The adjective
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While there are references to Yenish people in France, there are no reported figures.
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1531:
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Rotwelsch. Quellen und Wortschatz der Gaunersprache und der verwandten Geheimsprachen
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1503:[Yenish in Austria - Website of the association] (in German). Archived from
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that the Yenish "probably form the largest group of travellers in France today".
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1562:[Misery and Rejection. The Story of the Yeniches of the Bodein Affair].
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is reported as a Rotwelsch term for vagrants in Swabia. Johann Ulrich Schöll,
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1444:[The past finally written of the children abducted in Switzerland].
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The Yenish people as a distinct group, as opposed to the generic class of
1422:(Report) (in German). Vol. 23. UEK, Swiss Government. Archived from
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327:
246:
210:
146:
37:
1327:„Rückkehr nicht erwünscht“. Die Verfolgung der Zigeuner im Dritten Reich
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1331:"Return undesirable": The persecution of the Gypsies in the Third Reich
1255:"Gemeinschaftsfremde". Quellen zur Verfolgung von "Asozialen" 1933–1945
831:(1947–2022), notable for documenting the plight she suffered under the
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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cant, not its speakers, with no implication of an itinerant lifestyle.
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Geographic distribution of the Yenish (2007 upload, unreferenced)
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Gypsies and Other Itinerant Groups: A Socio-Historical Approach
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1560:"Misère et rejet. L'histoire des Yeniches de l'affaire Bodein"
1094:[Yenish. On the archaeology of a repressed culture].
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515:
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is first recorded in the early 18th century in the sense of "
1529:[Official request from the Yenish for recognition].
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Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism
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487:, and that the proper designation for the people should be
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Vollständiger Text auf den Informationstafeln des Denkmals
957:"Ethnic Minorities in Europe; the Yenish (Yeniche) People"
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to this template: there are already 1,904 articles in the
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is itself a Rotwelsch term, derived from the Romani term
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project in the 1970s, contributing to its discontinuation
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Lucassen, Leo; Willems, Wim; Cottaar, Annemarie (1998).
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in general. Travellers were scheduled for internment in
1572:[In France, we do not know their exact number.]
1479:[Loosdorf: Where many still 'baaln' Jenisch].
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845:(b. 1960), Swiss musician, Yenish on his father's side
988:"Switzerland's nomads face an endangered way of life"
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En France, on ne connaît pas exactement leur nombre.
1442:"Le passé enfin écrit des enfants enlevés en Suisse"
1399:[a handful of clans that would still travel]
1092:"Jenische. Zur Archäologie einer verdrängten Kultur"
58:
1527:"Offizielles Ersuchen der Jenischen um Anerkennung"
1657:
1021:
605:, reported an estimate of 35,000 "travellers" (
1501:"Jenische in Ă–sterreich - Website des Vereins"
1395:] (in German). Reinbek. pp. 274–287
1333:] (in German). Munich/Berlin. p. 433.
569:. Yenish families began to be registered in a
100:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
1119:Zeitschrift fĂĽr die Geschichte des Oberrheins
794:
1397:eine Handvoll Sippen, die noch reisen wĂĽrden
1198:
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1144:] (in German). Strasbourg. p. 175f.
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1096:Beiträge zur Volkskunde in Baden-Württemberg
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1466:whether they live travelling or sedentary."
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1535:(in German). 23 March 2022. Archived from
1343:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1154:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
950:
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656:Around 1800, a group of Yenish settled in
154:
145:
1485:(in German). 2 March 2017. Archived from
1477:"Loosdorf: Wo viele noch Jenisch 'baaln'"
1267:
1230:
1205:The Romani Element in Non-Standard Speech
599:Remo Galli, as speaker of the foundation
549:"), which included the Yenish and people
546:nach Zigeunerart umherziehende Landfahrer
1439:
1052:
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718:Jenischer Bund in Deutschland und Europa
321:
313:
1615:Jenische, Sinti und Roma in der Schweiz
1586:YĂ©niches: les derniers nomades d'Europe
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1440:Gaillard, Florence (12 December 2007).
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694:
685:wrote in a 1991 article in the journal
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1612:
1410:Huonker, Thomas; Ludi, Regula (2001).
1236:Beiträge zur Oberbergischen Geschichte
1056:International Review of Social History
807:Ruäch — eine Reise ins jenische Europa
733:
1619:Yenish, Sinti and Roma in Switzerland
1582:
1187:Anonymous, "Die Jauner-Sprache", in:
1132:
518:, and Roma, dubbed "gypsy colonies" (
481:is a deprecating term, equivalent to
16:Semi-nomadic people in Western Europe
1382:
1324:
1273:Jahrbuch fĂĽr Antisemitismusforschung
1168:
623:From the 1920s until the 1970s, the
497:being a slang word derived from the
185:Regions with significant populations
18:
1450:(in French). Geneva. Archived from
13:
1605:
1207:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (1998),
1191:, Nr. 34 (24 August 1810), 157f.,
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14:
1677:
1637:
1591:Yenish: the last nomads of Europe
1291:Die Jenischen und andere Fahrende
909:The 1714 reference refers to the
822:
702:Radgenossenschaft der Landstrasse
641:Radgenossenschaft der Landstrasse
1643:
1593:] (in French). L'Harmattan.
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23:
1576:
1558:Bouniot, Sophie (16 May 2007).
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1177:] (in German). p. 108.
413:poor classes of society of the
1613:Becker, Helena Kanyar (2003).
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1126:
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1043:
916:
903:
876:(b. 1947), French spree killer
602:Zukunft fĂĽr Schweizer Fahrende
590:
110:You may also add the template
1:
938:
858:, Luxembourgish musician and
175:
896:
743:Es geschah am hellichten Tag
7:
880:
870:(b. 1983), Dutch footballer
726:Woonwagenbelangen Nederland
551:without permanent residence
471:("this is the term used in
82:will aid in categorization.
10:
1682:
1420:Veröffentlichungen der UEK
1221:1842, in: ebenda, 259–261.
1171:Komischer Anhang zum Titan
1037:10.21272/Ftrk.2021.13(1)-3
651:
504:
401:, roughly centered on the
112:{{Translated|de|Jenische}}
57:Machine translation, like
1583:Bader, Christian (2007).
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597:Swiss National Councillor
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260:
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38:the corresponding article
501:term for 'non-Gypsies'.
1325:Lewy, Guenther (2001).
1258:, Koblenz 1998, Nr. 50.
1242:. Gummersbach: 116–128.
1199:
1175:Funny appendix to Titan
889:Gens du voyage (France)
785:based on the 2008 book
710:Jenischer Kulturverband
420:
121:For more guidance, see
1193:
1121:, 133 (1985), 381–386.
1025:Philological Treatises
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860:
835:Kinder der Landstrasse
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763:Kinder der Landstrasse
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572:Landfahrersippenarchiv
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439:". A self-designation
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319:
164:, Switzerland, c. 1890
773:Hunkeler macht Sachen
445:is recorded in 1793.
325:
317:
123:Knowledge:Translation
94:copyright attribution
1652:at Wikimedia Commons
986:Vuilleumier, Marie.
868:Rafael van der Vaart
797:Dove cadono le ombre
695:Yenish organisations
1169:Paul, Jean (1801).
734:Film and television
611:, a term combining
535:The persecution of
415:early modern period
377:who live mostly in
334:, Switzerland, 1928
141:
1507:on 1 February 2022
1489:on 5 October 2023.
1074:Palgrave Macmillan
1000:on 7 November 2023
753:Das gefrorene Herz
511:Kingdom of Prussia
336:
320:
139:
102:interlanguage link
1648:Media related to
1269:Opfermann, Ulrich
1232:Opfermann, Ulrich
1083:978-0-333-68241-8
961:Traveller's Voice
579:woonwagenbewoners
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1565:L'Humanité
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971:7 November
939:References
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555:Buchenwald
484:card sharp
391:Luxembourg
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911:Rotwelsch
897:Footnotes
864:performer
721:(Germany)
713:(Austria)
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269:Languages
162:Muotathal
116:talk page
68:Consider
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1660:Category
1543:23 March
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