2388:
218:
302:) origin; it also has many unusual metaphors and metonyms that replace the standard German words. Some original Yeniche words have become parts of standard German.
305:
The Yenish were originally travelers, i.e. people with professions outside of mainstream society that required them to move from town to town, such as showpeople,
993:
337:
333:
2429:
1368:
446:
1166:
329:
309:, and door-to-door salesmen. Today, the Yenish jargon is only used in certain isolated locations, such as certain poor districts of
2448:
983:
1895:
2468:
2493:
2422:
439:
2473:
2463:
2262:
390:
2478:
2292:
1462:
1424:
1409:
736:
2483:
2415:
2272:
2132:
1482:
1441:
1431:
432:
648:
328:
Individual variants of the Yenish language can be quite distinct, and have names of their own, such as
271:
Yenish has been documented since the 18th century. Yenish speakers generally speak their local German
1989:
2458:
2453:
2267:
2221:
2216:
2140:
1750:
1734:
1613:
1472:
1363:
1358:
2206:
2150:
2145:
2065:
1738:
1688:
988:
806:
562:
490:
478:
101:
91:
2328:
2048:
1446:
2488:
2211:
1693:
1659:
1277:
1093:
953:
793:
688:
419:
2369:
2333:
1601:
1594:
1546:
1316:
1287:
1256:
1219:
1144:
901:
814:
675:
637:
272:
228:
106:
1834:
709:
2338:
2318:
2287:
2160:
2020:
1766:
1584:
1176:
1003:
965:
960:
834:
781:
539:
1994:
8:
2403:
2277:
1513:
1467:
1401:
1154:
801:
714:
512:
20:
1824:
1669:
916:
2395:
2323:
2247:
2175:
2165:
2120:
1882:
1809:
1706:
1551:
1526:
1521:
1414:
1242:
1127:
948:
726:
721:
700:
661:
465:
455:
96:
1477:
198:
2297:
2096:
2012:
2005:
1960:
1904:
1664:
1654:
1637:
1632:
1536:
1419:
1298:
1098:
1059:
1039:
877:
769:
751:
603:
2252:
2043:
1977:
1933:
1928:
1888:
1877:
1869:
1674:
1642:
1589:
1578:
1491:
1200:
1139:
929:
911:
746:
507:
499:
2089:
2282:
2242:
2075:
1982:
1965:
1950:
1945:
1938:
1647:
1556:
1541:
1496:
1311:
1303:
1282:
1269:
1249:
1235:
998:
975:
906:
896:
888:
668:
299:
291:
284:
232:
140:
83:
2399:
2363:
2257:
2237:
2189:
2081:
1955:
1625:
1392:
1331:
1110:
1067:
1024:
941:
936:
825:
775:
626:
577:
532:
525:
129:
2387:
368:
2442:
2313:
2155:
1911:
1862:
1679:
1618:
1531:
1436:
1374:
1321:
1205:
1132:
236:
64:
2182:
1606:
1570:
1503:
1326:
1149:
1122:
1105:
1049:
1008:
590:
569:
136:
1829:
182:
1999:
1972:
1790:
1698:
1380:
1341:
924:
619:
583:
518:
349:
252:
161:
53:
41:
1844:
1839:
1819:
1184:
854:
555:
373:
322:
314:
2025:
1773:
1336:
1117:
1072:
1044:
870:
424:
276:
191:
175:
1849:
395:
Database for the
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
1814:
1162:
275:, enriched by the Yenish vocabulary, which is derived in part from
1855:
1451:
1353:
295:
280:
248:
244:
45:
37:
1158:
420:
Wittich, Engelbert, and GĂĽnther, L., Die jenische
Sprache, 1914
310:
306:
260:
256:
49:
397:. Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research
1076:
318:
240:
2440:
287:, and other minority languages of the region.
2423:
440:
290:The Yenish vocabulary contains many words of
222:
211:
2430:
2416:
447:
433:
2441:
454:
16:German variety spoken by Yenish people
2118:
1732:
476:
428:
2382:
1009:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German
13:
2368:Languages between parentheses are
1733:
362:
14:
2505:
413:
2386:
298:(and through the latter route,
2372:of the language on their left.
383:
1:
2449:Language varieties and styles
2263:Germanic substrate hypothesis
2119:
355:
266:
2402:. You can help Knowledge by
2293:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
984:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
19:Not to be confused with the
7:
2273:High German consonant shift
343:
10:
2510:
2381:
811:Westlauwers–Terschellings
464:According to contemporary
18:
2355:
2306:
2230:
2199:
2131:
2127:
2114:
2063:
2036:
1990:Southern Schleswig Danish
1921:
1802:
1758:
1749:
1745:
1728:
1569:
1512:
1400:
1391:
1296:
1268:
1227:
1218:
1193:
1175:
1086:
1058:
1032:
1023:
974:
887:
862:
853:
792:
687:
636:
611:
602:
498:
489:
485:
472:
462:
189:
173:
168:
152:
147:
126:
80:
70:
60:
33:
28:
2469:Languages of Switzerland
2268:West Germanic gemination
2222:Ancient Belgian language
2217:Germanic parent language
2161:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
1283:Austrian Standard German
477:
2494:Germanic language stubs
391:"Yenish in Switzerland"
379:(subscription required)
279:, with influences from
2329:Preterite-present verb
2212:Proto-Germanic grammar
2166:North Sea (Ingvaeonic)
1278:German Standard German
954:East Frisian Low Saxon
223:
212:
2334:Grammatischer Wechsel
1317:Namibian Black German
1288:Swiss Standard German
1257:Early New High German
815:Mainland West Frisian
676:Harlingerland Frisian
2474:Languages of Austria
2464:Languages of Germany
2339:Indo-European ablaut
2319:Germanic strong verb
2288:Germanic spirant law
1425:Southeast Limburgish
921:Gelders-Overijssels
550:Irish Middle English
540:Early Modern English
2479:Languages of France
2394:This article about
2307:Synchronic features
2278:Germanic a-mutation
2231:Diachronic features
1581:in the broad sense
1514:East Central German
1468:Lorraine Franconian
1442:Transylvanian Saxon
1402:West Central German
1177:East Low Franconian
1087:West Low Franconian
259:and other parts of
154:Recognised minority
21:Yeniseian languages
2484:Languages of Italy
2396:Germanic languages
2324:Germanic weak verb
2133:Language subgroups
1483:Pennsylvania Dutch
1432:Moselle Franconian
1410:Central Franconian
1243:Middle High German
994:Central Pomeranian
949:Northern Low Saxon
662:Wangerooge Frisian
456:Germanic languages
76:16,000 (2006)
2411:
2410:
2379:
2378:
2364:extinct languages
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2298:Great Vowel Shift
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2059:
2058:
1905:Greenlandic Norse
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1655:Southern Bavarian
1638:Northern Bavarian
1614:Highest Alemannic
1565:
1564:
1299:standard variants
1214:
1213:
1060:Standard variants
1019:
1018:
878:Middle Low German
849:
848:
845:
844:
649:Saterland Frisian
377:(18th ed., 2015)
243:living mostly in
205:
204:
2501:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2390:
2383:
2156:Elbe (Irminonic)
2129:
2128:
2116:
2115:
2044:Mainland Gutnish
1934:Swedish dialects
1896:Middle Icelandic
1870:Middle Norwegian
1759:Historical forms
1756:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1730:
1729:
1689:South Franconian
1675:Hutterite German
1643:Central Bavarian
1463:Rhine Franconian
1398:
1397:
1228:Historical forms
1225:
1224:
1140:Surinamese Dutch
1033:Historical forms
1030:
1029:
863:Historical forms
860:
859:
612:Historical forms
609:
608:
496:
495:
487:
486:
474:
473:
449:
442:
435:
426:
425:
407:
406:
404:
402:
387:
381:
380:
366:
226:
221:
215:
201:
185:
178:
156:language in
132:
86:
26:
25:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2459:German dialects
2454:German language
2439:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2380:
2375:
2343:
2302:
2283:Germanic umlaut
2248:Holtzmann's law
2226:
2195:
2123:
2102:
2055:
2032:
1966:South Jutlandic
1951:Danish dialects
1917:
1798:
1741:
1712:
1694:East Franconian
1648:Viennese German
1561:
1542:Silesian German
1508:
1497:Central Hessian
1387:
1312:Namibian German
1301:
1292:
1270:Standard German
1264:
1250:New High German
1236:Old High German
1210:
1189:
1171:
1082:
1054:
1015:
999:East Pomeranian
989:Brandenburgisch
976:East Low German
970:
897:Dutch Low Saxon
889:West Low German
883:
841:
807:Schiermonnikoog
788:
683:
669:Wursten Frisian
632:
598:
481:
468:
458:
453:
416:
411:
410:
400:
398:
389:
388:
384:
378:
367:
363:
358:
346:
321:villages, and
269:
217:
197:
181:
174:
164:
157:
155:
148:Official status
141:German alphabet
133:
128:
122:
87:
84:Language family
82:
73:
72:Native speakers
56:, and elsewhere
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2391:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:Proto-Germanic
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2082:Crimean Gothic
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1956:Insular Danish
1953:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1939:Rinkebysvenska
1936:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1785:Old East Norse
1782:
1780:Old West Norse
1770:
1762:
1760:
1753:
1743:
1742:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1660:South Tyrolean
1652:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1602:High Alemannic
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1406:
1404:
1395:
1393:Central German
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1332:Barossa German
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1229:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1111:French Flemish
1103:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1027:
1025:Low Franconian
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
980:
978:
972:
971:
969:
968:
963:
958:
957:
956:
946:
945:
944:
939:
934:
933:
932:
927:
919:
914:
909:
904:
893:
891:
885:
884:
882:
881:
874:
866:
864:
857:
851:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
840:
839:
838:
837:
832:
831:
830:
829:
828:
826:Westereendersk
820:
809:
804:
798:
796:
790:
789:
787:
786:
785:
784:
779:
772:
767:
766:
765:
760:
757:
749:
744:
743:
742:
731:
730:
729:
724:
719:
718:
717:
712:
704:
693:
691:
685:
684:
682:
681:
680:
679:
672:
665:
653:
652:
651:
642:
640:
634:
633:
631:
630:
627:Middle Frisian
623:
615:
613:
606:
600:
599:
597:
596:
595:
594:
587:
575:
574:
573:
566:
559:
547:
546:
545:
544:
543:
533:Modern English
529:
526:Middle English
522:
515:
504:
502:
493:
483:
482:
470:
469:
463:
460:
459:
452:
451:
444:
437:
429:
423:
422:
415:
414:External links
412:
409:
408:
382:
360:
359:
357:
354:
353:
352:
345:
342:
340:, and others.
268:
265:
235:spoken by the
203:
202:
195:
187:
186:
179:
171:
170:
169:Language codes
166:
165:
160:
158:
153:
150:
149:
145:
144:
134:
130:Writing system
127:
124:
123:
121:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
90:
88:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
35:
34:Native to
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2506:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2489:Yenish people
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Germanic verb
2312:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Sievers's law
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:Reconstructed
2198:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2013:Middle Danish
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1889:Old Icelandic
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1863:Old Norwegian
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1681:
1680:Gottscheerish
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1619:Walser German
1617:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:Low Alemannic
1583:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:High Prussian
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:Erzgebirgisch
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Luxembourgish
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1375:Klezmer-loshn
1372:
1370:
1369:Scots Yiddish
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1206:Meuse-Rhenish
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:Kleverlandish
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1094:Central Dutch
1092:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
979:
977:
973:
967:
964:
962:
959:
955:
952:
951:
950:
947:
943:
940:
938:
935:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
902:Stellingwarfs
900:
899:
898:
895:
894:
892:
890:
886:
880:
879:
875:
873:
872:
868:
867:
865:
861:
858:
856:
852:
836:
833:
827:
824:
823:
822:Wood Frisian
821:
818:
817:
816:
813:
812:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
797:
795:
791:
783:
780:
778:
777:
773:
771:
768:
764:
761:
758:
755:
754:
753:
750:
748:
745:
740:
739:
738:
735:
734:
732:
728:
725:
723:
720:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
705:
703:
702:
698:
697:
695:
694:
692:
690:
689:North Frisian
686:
678:
677:
673:
671:
670:
666:
664:
663:
659:
658:
657:
654:
650:
647:
646:
644:
643:
641:
639:
635:
629:
628:
624:
622:
621:
617:
616:
614:
610:
607:
605:
601:
593:
592:
588:
586:
585:
581:
580:
579:
576:
572:
571:
567:
565:
564:
560:
558:
557:
553:
552:
551:
548:
542:
541:
537:
536:
535:
534:
530:
528:
527:
523:
521:
520:
516:
514:
511:
510:
509:
506:
505:
503:
501:
497:
494:
492:
491:Anglo-Frisian
488:
484:
480:
475:
471:
467:
461:
457:
450:
445:
443:
438:
436:
431:
430:
427:
421:
418:
417:
396:
392:
386:
376:
375:
370:
365:
361:
351:
348:
347:
341:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:Yenish people
234:
230:
225:
220:
214:
209:
200:
196:
194:
193:
188:
184:
180:
177:
172:
167:
163:
159:
151:
146:
142:
138:
135:
131:
125:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
104:
103:
102:West Germanic
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
92:Indo-European
89:
85:
79:
75:
69:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
2404:expanding it
2393:
2359:
2243:Verner's law
2188:
2183:Gotho-Nordic
2181:
2174:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2074:
2064:
2049:Fårö Gutnish
2011:
2004:
1910:
1903:
1894:
1887:
1868:
1861:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1705:
1607:Swiss German
1571:Upper German
1504:Amana German
1478:Volga German
1447:HunsrĂĽckisch
1373:
1348:
1327:Unserdeutsch
1322:Berlinerisch
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1194:Cover groups
1150:Mohawk Dutch
1145:Jersey Dutch
1123:East Flemish
1106:West Flemish
1050:Middle Dutch
1004:Low Prussian
876:
869:
835:Terschelling
819:Clay Frisian
794:West Frisian
782:Wiedingharde
774:
762:
722:Heligolandic
699:
674:
667:
660:
655:
638:East Frisian
625:
618:
591:Middle Scots
589:
582:
568:
561:
554:
549:
538:
531:
524:
517:
399:. Retrieved
394:
385:
372:
364:
338:Heenese Vlek
327:
304:
289:
270:
207:
206:
190:
111:
2258:Kluge's law
2238:Grimm's law
2021:Dalecarlian
2000:Perkerdansk
1973:East Danish
1791:Old Gutnish
1767:Proto-Norse
1707:Langobardic
1699:Vogtlandian
1527:Upper Saxon
1381:Lachoudisch
1342:Lotegorisch
1220:High German
966:Westphalian
961:Eastphalian
925:Achterhooks
802:Hindeloopen
737:Bökingharde
706:Föhr–Amrum
620:Old Frisian
584:Early Scots
519:Old English
350:Lotegorisch
334:Lepper Talp
253:Switzerland
162:Switzerland
107:High German
54:Netherlands
42:Switzerland
2443:Categories
2090:Burgundian
2006:Old Danish
1995:Gøtudanskt
1978:Bornholmsk
1840:Vestlandsk
1820:Kebabnorsk
1557:Halcnovian
1522:Thuringian
1185:Limburgish
1155:Stadsfries
1128:Brabantian
855:Low German
701:Eiderstedt
556:Fingallian
374:Ethnologue
356:References
323:Luxembourg
267:Components
216:, German:
2370:varieties
2362:indicate
2176:Northwest
2121:Philology
2026:Elfdalian
1961:Jutlandic
1883:Icelandic
1858:(written)
1852:(written)
1830:Trøndersk
1810:Norwegian
1774:Old Norse
1595:Coloniero
1579:Alemannic
1552:Wymysorys
1420:Colognian
1415:Ripuarian
1337:Rotwelsch
1167:Midslands
1118:Zeelandic
1099:Hollandic
1073:Afrikaans
1045:Old Dutch
871:Old Saxon
770:Karrharde
752:Goesharde
733:Mainland
466:philology
330:Masematte
277:Rotwelsch
239:, former
219:‹See Tfd›
210:(French:
192:Glottolog
176:ISO 639-3
61:Ethnicity
2097:Vandalic
2040:Gutnish
1845:Vikværsk
1825:SognamĂĄl
1815:Bergensk
1665:Cimbrian
1633:Bavarian
1590:Alsatian
1537:Lusatian
1473:Palatine
1163:Amelands
1040:Frankish
930:Sallaans
912:Gronings
763:Southern
756:Northern
747:Halligen
696:Insular
513:dialects
344:See also
199:yeni1236
97:Germanic
2360:Italics
1983:Scanian
1929:Swedish
1878:Faroese
1856:Nynorsk
1835:Valdris
1670:Mòcheno
1626:Swabian
1492:Hessian
1452:Hunsrik
1364:Western
1359:Eastern
1354:Yiddish
1304:creoles
1201:Bergish
917:Drèents
907:Tweants
759:Central
741:Mooring
604:Frisian
563:Kildare
508:English
317:, some
315:MĂĽnster
307:tinkers
296:Yiddish
281:Yiddish
273:dialect
249:Austria
245:Germany
229:variety
227:) is a
224:Jenisch
213:Yeniche
46:Austria
38:Germany
2076:Gothic
1946:Danish
1850:BokmĂĄl
1349:Yenish
1159:Bildts
942:Veluws
937:Urkers
776:Strand
500:Anglic
401:4 July
369:Yenish
311:Berlin
300:Hebrew
292:Romani
285:Romani
261:France
257:Alsace
241:nomads
233:German
208:Yenish
112:Yenish
65:Yenish
50:France
29:Yenish
2398:is a
2190:South
2141:North
1751:North
1735:North
1077:Kaaps
1068:Dutch
715:Amrum
656:Weser
578:Scots
319:Eifel
137:Latin
2400:stub
2151:West
2146:East
2066:East
1922:East
1912:Norn
1803:West
1739:East
1737:and
1302:and
1297:Non-
727:Sylt
710:Föhr
645:Ems
570:Yola
479:West
403:2013
294:and
371:at
231:of
183:yec
2445::
393:.
336:,
332:,
325:.
313:,
283:,
263:.
255:,
251:,
247:,
52:,
48:,
44:,
40:,
2431:e
2424:t
2417:v
2406:.
2085:)
2079:(
1165:/
1161:/
1157:/
1079:)
1075:(
448:e
441:t
434:v
405:.
143:)
139:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.