197:
1033:
the elderly found that there is considerable evidence of the effectiveness and lasting benefits of non-drug treatments for insomnia in adults of all age groups and that these interventions are underused. Compared with the benzodiazepines, the nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics offer little if any advantages in efficacy or tolerability in elderly persons. It was found that newer agents such as the
31:
1042:), daytime sedation, motor incoordination, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents and falls. In addition, the effectiveness and safety of long-term use of these agents remain to be determined. It was concluded that further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of treatment and the most appropriate management strategy for elderly persons with chronic insomnia.
557:. However, data is limited so no conclusions can be drawn. Data is also limited into the long-term effects of nonbenzodiazepines. Further research into the safety of nonbenzodiazepines and long-term effectiveness of nonbenzodiazepines has been recommended in a review of the literature. Some differences exist between the Z-drugs, for example
878:, wherein the patient sleepwalks and may perform relatively complex actions, including cooking meals or driving cars, while effectively unconscious and with no recollection of the events upon awakening. While this effect is rare (and has also been reported to occur with some of the older sedative drugs such as
1032:
increases these impairments. Partial but incomplete tolerance develops to these impairments. In general, nonbenzodiazepines are not recommended for older patients due to the increased risk of falls and fractures. An extensive review of the medical literature regarding the management of insomnia and
758:
can occur. A survey of patients using nonbenzodiazepine Z-drugs and benzodiazepine hypnotic users found that there was no difference in reports of adverse effects that were reported in over 41% of users and, in fact, Z-drug users were more likely to report that they had tried to quit their hypnotic
949:
found that these sedative hypnotic drugs more than doubled the risks of developing depression compared to those taking placebo pills. Hypnotic drugs, therefore, may be contraindicated in patients with or at risk of depression. Hypnotics were found to be more likely to cause depression than to help
896:
Side effects can differ within the drug class due to differences in metabolism and pharmacology. For example, long-acting benzodiazepines have problems of drug accumulation especially in the elderly or those with liver disease, and shorter-acting benzodiazepines have a higher risk of more severe
1037:
may be more suitable and effective for the management of chronic insomnia in elderly people. Long-term use of sedative-hypnotics for insomnia lacks an evidence base and is discouraged for reasons that include concerns about such potential adverse drug effects as cognitive impairment
1058:, accidents, and other adverse effects. Gradual discontinuation of hypnotics may lead to improved health without worsening of sleep. It is preferred that they should be prescribed for only a few days at the lowest effective dose and avoided wherever possible in the elderly.
1097:
effects, and are thus potentially more precise than older, anti-anxiety drugs. However, anxiolytic nonbenzodiazepines are not widely prescribed and many have collapsed after initial clinical trials and consumption halted many projects, including but not limited to
747:, although these issues can still become a problem. This has led to the Z-drugs becoming widely prescribed for the treatment of insomnia particularly in elderly patients. Almost a third of all prescriptions written for Z-drugs are for adults over the age of 65.
8342:
1158:
of zopiclone. That same year, 2005, the FDA finalized approval for Ambien CR, or extended-release zolpidem. Most recently, in 2012 the FDA approved
Intermezzo (zolpidem tartate sublingual), which is marketed for middle-of-the-night
2176:
Fontaine R, Beaudry P, Le Morvan P, Beauclair L, Chouinard G (July 1990). "Zopiclone and triazolam in insomnia associated with generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled evaluation of efficacy and daytime anxiety".
1000:. Treatment usually entails gradually reducing the dosage over a period of weeks or several months depending on the individual, dosage, and length of time the drug has been taken. If this approach fails, a crossover to a
2329:
Vermeeren A, Riedel WJ, van Boxtel MP, Darwish M, Paty I, Patat A (March 2002). "Differential residual effects of zaleplon and zopiclone on actual driving: a comparison with a low dose of alcohol".
1012:) can be tried followed by a gradual reduction in dosage. In extreme cases and, in particular, where severe addiction and/or abuse is manifested, an inpatient detoxification may be required, with
8242:
2356:
Walsh JK, Pollak CP, Scharf MB, Schweitzer PK, Vogel GW (January–February 2000). "Lack of residual sedation following middle-of-the-night zaleplon administration in sleep maintenance insomnia".
7192:
7274:
1028:
drugs, similar to benzodiazepines, cause impairments in body balance and standing steadiness upon waking; falls and hip fractures are frequently reported. The combination with
2684:
Quaglio G, Lugoboni F, Fornasiero A, Lechi A, Gerra G, Mezzelani P (September 2005). "Dependence on zolpidem: two case reports of detoxification with flumazenil infusion".
7304:
5993:
1868:"Comparative effects of pharmacological interventions for the acute and long-term management of insomnia disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"
886:), it can be potentially hazardous, and so further development of this class of drugs has continued in an effort to find new compounds with further improved profiles.
7319:
7309:
4367:
8634:
7294:
7279:
7264:
7259:
7254:
759:
drug and were more likely to want to stop taking Z-drugs than benzodiazepine users. Efficacy also did not differ between benzodiazepine and Z-drug users.
7299:
1808:"Magic bullets for insomnia? Patients' use and experiences of newer (Z drugs) versus older (benzodiazepine) hypnotics for sleep problems in primary care"
8594:
8328:
7289:
2891:
2002:
8496:
6148:
5986:
3701:
1531:"Effectiveness of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in treatment of adult insomnia: meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration"
1658:"Update on the safety considerations in the management of insomnia with hypnotics: incorporating modified-release formulations into primary care"
2643:
4508:
2756:"The art of prescribing. Risks and benefits of non-benzodiazepine receptor agonists in the treatment of acute primary insomnia in older adults"
3913:
1966:
Toner LC, Tsambiras BM, Catalano G, Catalano MC, Cooper DS (2000). "Central nervous system side effects associated with zolpidem treatment".
1184:
727:
The first three nonbenzodiazepine drugs to enter the market were the "Z-drugs", zopiclone, zolpidem and zaleplon. These three drugs are all
6002:
5664:
5649:
5579:
4525:
950:
it. Studies have found that long-term users of sedative hypnotic drugs have a markedly raised suicide risk as well as an overall increased
173:
933:
and hypothesized that insomnia medications may help to treat depression. However, an analysis of data of clinical trials submitted to the
8545:
7367:
6024:
5979:
3362:
2247:
Noyes R, Perry PJ, Crowe RR, Coryell WH, Clancy J, Yamada T, Gabel J (January 1986). "Seizures following the withdrawal of alprazolam".
1657:
8566:
8252:
8247:
7797:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7511:
7362:
3352:
1504:
1621:
Najib J (April 2006). "Eszopiclone, a nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agent for the treatment of transient and chronic insomnia".
1369:
Wagner J, Wagner ML, Hening WA (June 1998). "Beyond benzodiazepines: alternative pharmacologic agents for the treatment of insomnia".
7722:
7182:
184:, and therefore exhibit similar benefits, side effects, and risks. However, nonbenzodiazepines have dissimilar or entirely different
2284:"A general model of the effects of sleep medications on the risk and cost of motor vehicle accidents and its application to France"
5634:
1054:
including the nonbenzodiazepine Z-drugs concluded that these drugs carry a significant risk to the individual. The risks include
200:
Core structures of selected nonbenzodiazepines (left three diagrams) and the structure of benzodiazepines (right) for comparison.
2719:
Mets MA, Volkerts ER, Olivier B, Verster JC (August 2010). "Effect of hypnotic drugs on body balance and standing steadiness".
1330:"GPs' attitudes to benzodiazepine and 'Z-drug' prescribing: a barrier to implementation of evidence and guidance on hypnotics"
5937:
5300:
5244:
2884:
1425:
866:
The Z-drugs are not without disadvantages, and all three compounds are notable for producing side effects such as pronounced
4501:
958:(CBT) for insomnia, on the other hand, has been found to both improve sleep quality as well as general mental health.
8590:
8021:
3618:
889:
Daytime withdrawal-related anxiety can also occur from chronic nightly nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic usage such as with
5954:
5261:
2877:
2399:
Verster JC, Veldhuijzen DS, Volkerts ER (August 2004). "Residual effects of sleep medication on driving ability".
2036:
Yang W, Dollear M, Muthukrishnan SR (June 2005). "One rare side effect of zolpidem--sleepwalking: a case report".
1163:, available in doses only half of the strength of immediate-release zolpidem tartrate to avoid residual next-day
5374:
739:
especially in overdosage and they may, when compared to the benzodiazepines, have less of a tendency to induce
7541:
4494:
988:
Nonbenzodiazepines should not be discontinued abruptly if taken for more than a few weeks due to the risk of
8624:
8586:
5709:
2106:
Morgenthaler TI, Silber MH (July 2002). "Amnestic sleep-related eating disorder associated with zolpidem".
1412:
Owens, Judith A. (2014-01-01), Sheldon, Stephen H.; Ferber, Richard; Kryger, Meir H.; Gozal, David (eds.),
1139:
955:
934:
914:
784:
2141:
Liskow B, Pikalov A (August 2004). "Zaleplon overdose associated with sleepwalking and complex behavior".
8629:
8310:
7421:
5694:
4389:
4039:
2022:
1413:
1078:, and approved for clinical prescription. Nonbenzodiazepine drugs are much more selective than the older
5146:
1866:
De
Crescenzo F, D'Alò GL, Ostinelli EG, Ciabattini M, Di Franco V, Watanabe N, et al. (July 2022).
7431:
5220:
4982:
4944:
4924:
4144:
3958:
1192:
1034:
989:
851:
847:
2647:
2507:
8619:
5679:
5293:
4760:
3795:
1505:"Evaluating Newer Sleeping Pills Used to Treat: Insomnia: Comparing Effectiveness, Safety, and Price"
1001:
997:
651:
7446:
7441:
7436:
8614:
8003:
7999:
7172:
5202:
4906:
4121:
3935:
827:. Eszopiclone had the most favorable profile and best evidence to support its use. For comparison,
2212:
Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ (June 1977). "Clinical implications of benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics".
5942:
5249:
2599:
Barbera J, Shapiro C (2005). "Benefit-risk assessment of zaleplon in the treatment of insomnia".
2283:
1123:
910:
181:
2560:"Z-drugs and risk for falls and fractures in older adults-a systematic review and meta-analysis"
6188:
4990:
4254:
4193:
4007:
2967:
1188:
17:
8533:
8211:
4175:
3989:
1698:
1481:
Lader MH (January 2001). "Implications of hypnotic flexibility on patterns of clinical use".
966:
Sleeping pills, including the Z-drugs, have been associated with an increased risk of death.
930:
918:
855:
772:
1213:
1070:
drugs derived from the same structural families as the Z-drugs have been developed, such as
8315:
6941:
6816:
5606:
5286:
4324:
3842:
1135:
1055:
787:(SMD)) ranging from 0.03 to 0.63 for these agents. More specifically, the SMDs were 0.45 (4
755:
744:
7405:
8:
8441:
8324:
7451:
7377:
6466:
6308:
6016:
5154:
5108:
4677:
3810:
3805:
3372:
2929:
1090:
1039:
740:
606:
589:
518:
165:
196:
8644:
8639:
8418:
8081:
7979:
7636:
7269:
6641:
6243:
5038:
4241:
3671:
3587:
2952:
2855:
2697:
2624:
2540:
2483:
2456:
2434:
2381:
2311:
2154:
2084:
1907:
1832:
1807:
1748:
1723:
1685:
1603:
1555:
1530:
1529:
Huedo-Medina TB, Kirsch I, Middlemass J, Klonizakis M, Siriwardena AN (December 2012).
1394:
1346:
1329:
1305:
1280:
1261:
238:
185:
2119:
1884:
1867:
1784:
517:. Like the benzodiazepines, they exert their effects by binding to and activating the
8561:
8332:
8275:
8216:
7984:
6651:
6428:
6423:
5971:
5448:
4721:
4685:
3634:
3592:
3100:
3095:
2847:
2812:
2777:
2772:
2755:
2736:
2701:
2616:
2612:
2581:
2532:
2488:
2426:
2373:
2369:
2338:
2303:
2299:
2264:
2260:
2229:
2194:
2190:
2158:
2123:
2088:
2053:
2014:
1983:
1979:
1948:
1911:
1899:
1837:
1788:
1753:
1690:
1638:
1607:
1595:
1560:
1486:
1463:
1421:
1386:
1351:
1310:
1253:
1185:"benzodiazepine - definition of benzodiazepine in English from the Oxford dictionary"
768:
2859:
2808:
2628:
2438:
2385:
2315:
1634:
1398:
1265:
874:, especially when used in large doses. On rare occasions, these drugs can produce a
775:
of medications for the treatment of insomnia was published in 2022. It included the
8237:
7903:
7390:
7167:
7137:
7069:
6976:
6646:
6526:
6418:
6130:
6120:
5413:
4881:
3775:
3385:
2839:
2804:
2767:
2728:
2693:
2608:
2571:
2544:
2522:
2478:
2468:
2416:
2408:
2365:
2295:
2256:
2221:
2186:
2150:
2115:
2080:
2045:
1975:
1938:
1889:
1879:
1827:
1819:
1780:
1743:
1735:
1680:
1672:
1630:
1587:
1550:
1542:
1455:
1378:
1341:
1300:
1292:
1245:
1005:
599:
522:
161:
47:
8529:
8394:
8378:
8366:
8320:
8271:
8086:
8061:
8056:
7870:
7603:
7456:
6258:
6253:
6115:
6048:
5812:
5804:
5794:
5591:
5322:
5052:
4846:
4822:
4800:
4775:
4741:
4408:
4360:
4274:
4096:
4061:
3860:
3738:
3656:
3651:
3629:
3511:
3020:
2003:"[Are z-hypnotics better and safer sleeping pills than benzodiazepines?]"
1218:
993:
562:
554:
546:
233:(Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo, Zolpimist, Edluar, Ivadal, Sanval, Stilnox, etc.)
208:
5313:
2908:
1446:
Benca RM (March 2005). "Diagnosis and treatment of chronic insomnia: a review".
8541:
8370:
8279:
8146:
8141:
7565:
6453:
6358:
6233:
6198:
6193:
6079:
6044:
5948:
5784:
5626:
5540:
5388:
5362:
5255:
5165:
5032:
4841:
4725:
4540:
4180:
4108:
3994:
3905:
3855:
3799:
3770:
3759:
3743:
3639:
3120:
3065:
2962:
2947:
2917:
2732:
2412:
2049:
1296:
1233:
1127:
1094:
1079:
1029:
871:
832:
828:
751:
558:
550:
510:
293:
169:
2527:
1943:
1926:
1724:"Trends in prescribing of sedative-hypnotic medications in the USA: 1993-2010"
1591:
336:
8608:
8537:
8500:
8374:
8300:
8295:
8285:
8221:
8161:
8091:
7936:
7893:
7099:
7064:
7039:
6851:
6711:
6691:
6686:
6676:
6671:
6571:
6461:
6403:
6398:
6383:
6363:
6353:
6333:
6323:
6313:
6278:
6248:
6238:
6183:
6107:
6054:
6039:
5893:
5778:
5755:
5573:
5535:
5514:
5206:
5174:
5080:
5016:
4910:
4871:
4810:
4795:
4785:
4746:
4707:
4703:
4681:
4590:
4580:
4433:
4423:
4413:
4382:
4302:
4167:
4126:
3981:
3940:
3875:
3780:
3733:
3728:
3706:
3666:
3544:
3529:
3281:
3276:
3266:
3183:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3060:
3050:
3045:
3035:
3015:
2957:
2869:
1459:
840:
836:
2843:
2576:
2559:
1249:
8409:
8151:
8101:
8071:
8016:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7954:
7949:
7878:
7536:
7501:
7496:
7466:
7415:
7342:
7034:
7024:
6796:
6791:
6781:
6776:
6706:
6531:
6521:
6413:
6373:
6338:
6318:
6303:
6288:
6223:
6218:
6203:
6173:
6168:
6153:
6099:
6089:
5863:
5853:
5843:
5822:
5745:
5688:
5643:
5530:
5352:
5230:
5214:
5043:
4952:
4934:
4918:
4896:
4891:
4856:
4789:
4779:
4756:
4711:
4605:
4475:
4377:
4372:
4282:
4185:
4136:
4071:
3999:
3950:
3895:
3890:
3696:
3613:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3562:
3557:
3519:
3415:
3405:
3337:
3251:
3193:
3178:
3080:
3040:
3030:
3010:
3005:
2995:
2985:
2851:
2816:
2781:
2740:
2705:
2620:
2585:
2536:
2492:
2473:
2430:
2377:
2342:
2307:
2162:
2127:
2092:
2057:
2018:
1987:
1952:
1903:
1841:
1792:
1757:
1694:
1642:
1599:
1564:
1490:
1467:
1355:
1314:
1257:
883:
736:
537:
effects or providing hypnotic effects with little or no anxiolytic effect.
126:
2795:
Bain KT (June 2006). "Management of chronic insomnia in elderly persons".
2268:
2225:
2198:
1823:
1390:
1328:
Siriwardena AN, Qureshi Z, Gibson S, Collier S, Latham M (December 2006).
8491:
8486:
8456:
8436:
8191:
8171:
8121:
7944:
7926:
7921:
7911:
7888:
7883:
7850:
7772:
7613:
7580:
7570:
7426:
7410:
7314:
7197:
7114:
7094:
7084:
7054:
7019:
6971:
6961:
6921:
6916:
6891:
6876:
6836:
6826:
6761:
6731:
6681:
6626:
6601:
6581:
6576:
6541:
6438:
6393:
6348:
6328:
6293:
6268:
6163:
6140:
6064:
6034:
5873:
5858:
5848:
5826:
5768:
5725:
5703:
5524:
5510:
5458:
5433:
5428:
5224:
5141:
5122:
5075:
5048:
5028:
5000:
4972:
4962:
4957:
4928:
4886:
4876:
4861:
4831:
4814:
4770:
4735:
4699:
4695:
4652:
4615:
4595:
4565:
4560:
4550:
4460:
4404:
4399:
4355:
4329:
4287:
4264:
4249:
4208:
4154:
4022:
3968:
3918:
3885:
3870:
3830:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3552:
3534:
3524:
3453:
3433:
3395:
3271:
3208:
3203:
3148:
3133:
3105:
3070:
3055:
2990:
2977:
2942:
1894:
1676:
1147:
946:
875:
816:
780:
688:
432:
311:
300:
8556:
2233:
1865:
8524:
8476:
8471:
8389:
8384:
8290:
8261:
8257:
8166:
8131:
8076:
8066:
8026:
7959:
7787:
7752:
7717:
7712:
7666:
7656:
7585:
7546:
7506:
7491:
7471:
7461:
7400:
7395:
7385:
7352:
7334:
7230:
7177:
7142:
7089:
7079:
7049:
7044:
6981:
6956:
6911:
6886:
6866:
6846:
6841:
6831:
6811:
6766:
6756:
6741:
6701:
6696:
6666:
6621:
6616:
6596:
6586:
6566:
6561:
6551:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6443:
6298:
6213:
6208:
6094:
6084:
6059:
5888:
5816:
5763:
5740:
5735:
5718:
5658:
5616:
5601:
5483:
5438:
5423:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5309:
5182:
5150:
5136:
5113:
5088:
5084:
5056:
5024:
5020:
4967:
4901:
4851:
4836:
4764:
4620:
4600:
4585:
4555:
4545:
4486:
4455:
4428:
4418:
4339:
4319:
4292:
4227:
4203:
4198:
4081:
4076:
4066:
4056:
4017:
4012:
3923:
3865:
3850:
3661:
3567:
3463:
3443:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3347:
3329:
3314:
3261:
3256:
3218:
3213:
3188:
3173:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3110:
2558:
Treves N, Perlman A, Kolenberg Geron L, Asaly A, Matok I (March 2018).
1806:
Siriwardena AN, Qureshi MZ, Dyas JV, Middleton H, Orner R (June 2008).
1722:
Kaufmann CN, Spira AP, Alexander GC, Rutkow L, Mojtabai R (June 2016).
1155:
1082:
1067:
1013:
843:
526:
525:. Some nonbenzodiazepines can be subtype-selective, possibly providing
506:
447:
442:
393:
353:
348:
316:
270:
260:
142:
130:
2421:
1546:
1528:
1382:
8514:
8466:
8461:
8446:
8404:
8399:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8305:
8201:
8186:
8126:
8111:
8096:
7916:
7827:
7782:
7747:
7737:
7707:
7702:
7687:
7661:
7623:
7618:
7595:
7590:
7575:
7481:
7476:
7357:
7235:
7225:
7217:
7152:
7129:
7109:
7104:
7074:
7059:
7029:
7011:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6966:
6951:
6946:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6896:
6871:
6821:
6806:
6801:
6786:
6771:
6751:
6746:
6736:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6636:
6631:
6606:
6536:
6516:
6486:
6408:
6343:
6273:
6263:
6228:
6125:
6029:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5903:
5883:
5808:
5730:
5673:
5563:
5545:
5520:
5493:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5408:
5342:
5278:
5197:
5178:
5126:
5103:
5070:
4995:
4866:
4731:
4667:
4635:
4630:
4610:
4570:
4465:
4259:
4149:
4116:
4051:
3963:
3928:
3880:
3723:
3676:
3483:
3468:
3458:
3448:
3357:
3319:
3309:
3301:
3286:
3243:
3233:
3228:
3198:
3153:
3090:
3025:
2457:"Greater incidence of depression with hypnotic use than with placebo"
1739:
1119:
1118:
Z-drugs emerged in the last years of the 1980s and early 1990s, with
1107:
1075:
970:
906:
890:
879:
858:
varied and ranged from high to very low depending on the medication.
804:
486:
437:
413:
383:
343:
326:
321:
306:
265:
225:
220:
5665:
5650:
1418:
Principles and
Practice of Pediatric Sleep Medicine (Second Edition)
8571:
8504:
8481:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8362:
8336:
8196:
8156:
8136:
8116:
8106:
8046:
8041:
7855:
7817:
7767:
7732:
7697:
7692:
7676:
7671:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7628:
7516:
7324:
7201:
7187:
7162:
7157:
7147:
7119:
6906:
6901:
6881:
6861:
6856:
6656:
6611:
6591:
6556:
6546:
6433:
6388:
6378:
6283:
6178:
6158:
6074:
5898:
5878:
5798:
5611:
5555:
5498:
5488:
5453:
5443:
5418:
5347:
5192:
5186:
5130:
5092:
5064:
4662:
4657:
4625:
4575:
4517:
4449:
4440:
4334:
4086:
3815:
3785:
3711:
3646:
3501:
3478:
3473:
3438:
3291:
3223:
3085:
3000:
2904:
2900:
1578:
Neubauer DN (2006). "New approaches in managing chronic insomnia".
1164:
1160:
1143:
1131:
1103:
1086:
1051:
1025:
1009:
977:
942:
938:
902:
898:
824:
796:
732:
728:
707:
614:
566:
530:
461:
403:
388:
358:
280:
275:
255:
250:
245:
230:
150:
138:
134:
125:(as many of their names begin with the letter "z"), are a class of
35:
2670:
2143:
Journal of the
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
2073:
Journal of the
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
8518:
8508:
8267:
8206:
8181:
8176:
8051:
8031:
8011:
7832:
7822:
7807:
7792:
7777:
7762:
7757:
7742:
7727:
7608:
7347:
7207:
6661:
6368:
6069:
5868:
5505:
5334:
5210:
4914:
4717:
4689:
4394:
4131:
3945:
3820:
3716:
3623:
3342:
3075:
2557:
2175:
1099:
1071:
969:
In older people this family of medications increases the risk of
867:
534:
481:
476:
452:
427:
422:
408:
398:
215:
204:
Currently, the major chemical classes of nonbenzodiazepines are:
154:
2328:
1085:, producing effective relief of anxiety/panic with little or no
909:− zaleplon has been found to have no association with increased
8451:
8414:
8036:
7989:
7860:
7842:
7802:
7486:
7284:
5908:
5635:
5118:
4647:
4445:
3597:
3493:
2508:"Mortality Risk of Hypnotics: Strengths and Limits of Evidence"
1805:
1327:
776:
466:
2683:
1965:
901:
may be the safest in terms of next-day sedation, and − unlike
101:
7812:
4470:
3790:
2071:
Lange CL (March 2005). "Medication-associated somnambulism".
951:
471:
2000:
1721:
1665:
Primary Care
Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
897:
withdrawal symptoms. In the case of the nonbenzodiazepines,
188:, so are unrelated to benzodiazepines on a molecular level.
7245:
5098:
4751:
2937:
2355:
1281:"Anxioselective anxiolytics: on a quest for the Holy Grail"
1146:(Sonata, Starnoc) across the US. In 2005, the FDA approved
113:
83:
77:
68:
30:
2718:
2398:
2001:
Mellingsaeter TC, Bramness JG, Slørdal L (November 2006).
545:
Nonbenzodiazepines have demonstrated efficacy in treating
56:
5587:
1927:"Dose-related illusions and hallucinations with zaleplon"
980:
may have fewer side effects compared to benzodiazepines.
95:
89:
2035:
983:
6001:
5375:
2246:
1483:
International
Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
4310:
553:
to nonbenzodiazepines is slower to develop than with
104:
92:
74:
71:
62:
59:
53:
50:
5710:
5670:
Tooltip
Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors
5655:
Tooltip
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
2671:"Benzodiazepines: How They Work and How to Withdraw"
2668:
549:. There is some limited evidence that suggests that
98:
80:
65:
5695:
110:
86:
2282:Menzin J, Lang KM, Levy P, Levy E (January 2001).
2281:
2105:
1368:
8554:Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators:
5680:
2797:The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy
1924:
8606:
2211:
2038:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
996:reactions, which may resemble those seen during
5640:Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
2646:. National Institutes of Health. Archived from
2450:
2448:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1420:, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 53–61,
924:
2899:
2598:
1004:dose of a long-acting benzodiazepine (such as
34:Chemical structure of the prototypical Z-drug
8635:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
5987:
5294:
4502:
3914:Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors
2885:
2140:
5058:
2830:"What's wrong with prescribing hypnotics?".
2445:
2134:
2099:
2064:
2029:
1994:
1959:
1925:Stone JR, Zorick TS, Tsuang J (April 2008).
1918:
1848:
1649:
1614:
1571:
1522:
1510:. Consumer Reports. January 2012. p. 14
6003:
5580:
5167:
5155:
4303:
2753:
2641:
2169:
1497:
1474:
1439:
1321:
1272:
731:used exclusively for the treatment of mild
5994:
5980:
5301:
5287:
4509:
4495:
2892:
2878:
1362:
1234:"What's wrong with prescribing hypnotics?"
2771:
2712:
2686:International Clinical Psychopharmacology
2575:
2526:
2482:
2472:
2420:
2249:The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
2179:International Clinical Psychopharmacology
1942:
1893:
1883:
1831:
1747:
1684:
1655:
1554:
1345:
1304:
1138:had finalized approval with the American
929:It has been claimed that insomnia causes
121:), sometimes referred to colloquially as
4516:
1577:
1278:
195:
29:
5323:
2551:
2007:Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening
1812:The British Journal of General Practice
1770:
1334:The British Journal of General Practice
1066:More recently, a range of non-sedating
178:receptor positive allosteric modulators
14:
8607:
5380:Tooltip positive allosteric modulators
5363:
5308:
2505:
2454:
1126:as early as 1989, quickly followed by
5975:
5282:
4490:
2873:
2070:
1620:
1480:
1445:
1411:
1050:A review of the literature regarding
8595:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
5715:Tooltip Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
2794:
1728:Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
984:Dependence and withdrawal management
750:Long-term use is not recommended as
372:
287:
8212:Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
5700:Tooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants
1414:"Chapter 7 - Pharmacology of Sleep"
1016:as a possible detoxification tool.
831:had SMDs of 0.58 to 0.83, sedative
24:
7275:11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain
2698:10.1097/01.yic.0000166404.41850.b4
2214:The American Journal of Psychiatry
2155:10.1097/01.chi.0000129219.66563.aa
2085:10.1097/01.chi.0000150618.67559.48
1773:Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises
1140:Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
1122:(Imovane) approved by the British
572:
25:
8656:
8022:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
5685:Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants
3619:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
580:Comparison of nonbenzodiazepines
329:(Imovane, Zimovane, Somnol, etc.)
2773:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2006.00070.x
2760:Perspectives in Psychiatric Care
2613:10.2165/00002018-200528040-00003
2370:10.1097/00002826-200001000-00004
2300:10.2165/00019053-200119010-00005
2261:10.1097/00005053-198601000-00009
2191:10.1097/00004850-199007000-00002
1980:10.1097/00002826-200001000-00011
1061:
762:
735:. They are safer than the older
46:
8442:Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)
2823:
2809:10.1016/j.amjopharm.2006.06.006
2788:
2747:
2677:
2662:
2642:MedlinePlus (January 8, 2001).
2635:
2592:
2499:
2392:
2349:
2322:
2275:
2240:
2205:
1799:
1764:
1715:
1635:10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.04.014
861:
500:
7391:Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)
2832:Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin
1405:
1238:Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin
1226:
1219:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1206:
1177:
961:
854:had SMDs of 0.00 to 0.13. The
850:had SMDs of 0.23 to 0.44, and
839:had SMDs of 0.30 to 0.55, the
595:Encourages sleep maintenance?
507:positive allosteric modulators
149:in uses, such as for treating
13:
1:
8587:Receptor/signaling modulators
7143:Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)
2754:Antai-Otong D (August 2006).
2120:10.1016/S1389-9457(02)00007-2
1885:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00878-9
1785:10.1016/s0003-4509(07)90041-3
1371:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1170:
540:
8337:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
7422:anabolic-androgenic steroids
6204:Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital
6009:receptor positive modulators
2838:(12): 89–93. December 2004.
1279:Skolnick P (November 2012).
1244:(12): 89–93. December 2004.
956:Cognitive-behavioral therapy
935:Food and Drug Administration
925:Increased risk of depression
915:middle-of-the-night insomnia
785:standardized mean difference
7:
6977:Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904)
5221:Tetracyclic antidepressants
5160:Tooltip 5-hydroxytryptophan
4983:Melatonin receptor agonists
4945:Orexin receptor antagonists
4925:Tetracyclic antidepressants
4145:Tetracyclic antidepressants
3959:Tetracyclic antidepressants
2506:Kripke DF (February 2016).
1771:Touitou Y (July 2007). "".
937:(FDA) concerning the drugs
852:melatonin receptor agonists
848:orexin receptor antagonists
505:The nonbenzodiazepines are
27:Class of psychoactive drugs
10:
8661:
7305:5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin
2733:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.008
2669:Professor Heather Ashton.
2413:10.1016/j.smrv.2004.02.001
2358:Clinical Neuropharmacology
2050:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.11.022
1968:Clinical Neuropharmacology
1297:10.1016/j.tips.2012.08.003
1113:
1019:
990:rebound withdrawal effects
634:Zolpidem extended-release
529:effects with little to no
283:(Sonata, Starnoc, Andante)
191:
8580:
8230:
7998:
7935:
7902:
7869:
7841:
7555:
7497:Pregnanolone (eltanolone)
7376:
7333:
7244:
7216:
7128:
7010:
6452:
6139:
6040:Chlorobutanol (cloretone)
6015:
5932:
5836:
5777:
5754:
5625:
5572:
5554:
5361:
5321:
5239:
5203:Tricyclic antidepressants
5009:
4981:
4943:
4907:Tricyclic antidepressants
4809:
4524:
4348:
4301:
4273:
4240:
4220:
4166:
4122:Tricyclic antidepressants
4107:
4095:
4038:
3980:
3936:Tricyclic antidepressants
3904:
3841:
3829:
3758:
3606:
3543:
3510:
3492:
3424:
3371:
3328:
3300:
3242:
3119:
2976:
2928:
2916:
2528:10.1007/s40264-015-0362-0
2455:Kripke DF (August 2007).
1944:10.1080/15563650701517442
1592:10.1017/S1092852900026687
1045:
1002:benzodiazepine equivalent
998:benzodiazepine withdrawal
579:
8591:GABA receptor modulators
8501:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
3707:Sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
1460:10.1176/appi.ps.56.3.332
5332:Tooltip 5-HT1A receptor
4194:Atypical antipsychotics
4008:Atypical antipsychotics
2844:10.1136/dtb.2004.421289
1250:10.1136/dtb.2004.421289
1124:National Health Service
911:motor vehicle accidents
303:(Lunesta, Valnoc, etc.)
8477:Retigabine (ezogabine)
7753:Lirequinil (Ro41-3696)
7320:7,8-Dihydromethysticin
7310:5,6-Dehydromethysticin
6189:Benzylbutylbarbiturate
5372:Tooltip GABAA receptor
4368:Chlorophenylalkyldiols
4176:Typical antipsychotics
3990:Typical antipsychotics
2721:Sleep Medicine Reviews
2474:10.1186/1471-244X-7-42
2401:Sleep Medicine Reviews
1189:OxfordDictionaries.com
917:due to its ultrashort
201:
38:
2577:10.1093/ageing/afx167
2226:10.1176/ajp.134.6.652
1824:10.3399/bjgp08X299290
1656:Lieberman JA (2007).
1623:Clinical Therapeutics
919:elimination half-life
856:certainty of evidence
773:network meta-analysis
199:
33:
8532:constituents (e.g.,
8316:Deuterated etifoxine
7378:Neuroactive steroids
7348:Apronal (apronalide)
7200:constituents (e.g.,
6817:N-Desalkylflurazepam
5607:Gabapentin enacarbil
5147:Serotonin precursors
4518:Insomnia medications
4325:Gabapentin enacarbil
3373:Neuroactive steroids
3343:Apronal (apronalide)
2650:on February 27, 2008
1677:10.4088/pcc.v09n0105
1448:Psychiatric Services
1285:Trends Pharmacol Sci
1136:King Pharmaceuticals
913:even when taken for
846:had an SMD of 0.07,
671:Zolpidem oral spray
8625:Pyrazolopyrimidines
8325:dihydroergocryptine
7637:Pyrazolopyrimidines
7295:5,6-Dihydroyangonin
7280:7,8-Dihydroyangonin
6467:3-Hydroxyphenazepam
6309:Methylphenobarbital
5109:Menthyl isovalerate
4532:positive modulators
1931:Clinical Toxicology
1586:(8 Suppl 8): 1–13.
1134:(Ambien). By 1999,
1091:anterograde amnesia
1040:anterograde amnesia
1008:or more preferably
741:physical dependence
607:physical dependence
590:sleep onset latency
565:may not occur with
519:benzodiazepine site
239:Pyrazolopyrimidines
186:chemical structures
182:benzodiazepine site
166:mechanism of action
147:benzodiazepine-like
8630:Nonbenzodiazepines
8419:4-O-methylhonokiol
8082:Dichloralphenazone
7980:Methylmethaqualone
7557:Nonbenzodiazepines
7270:Desmethoxyyangonin
7265:11-Hydroxyyangonin
7260:11-Methoxyyangonin
7255:10-Methoxyyangonin
6642:Ethyl carfluzepate
6244:Cyclopentobarbital
5959:Never to phase III
5266:Never to phase III
4644:Nonbenzodiazepines
4390:Diethylpropanediol
3672:Dichloralphenazone
3588:Methylmethaqualone
3426:Nonbenzodiazepines
2953:Diethylpropanediol
1878:(10347): 170–184.
1222:. Merriam-Webster.
1195:on August 28, 2012
1035:melatonin agonists
1024:Nonbenzodiazepine
811:weeks) and 0.63 (3
791:weeks) and 0.03 (3
202:
160:Nonbenzodiazepine
42:Nonbenzodiazepines
39:
8602:
8601:
8562:MRK-409 (MK-0343)
8333:dihydroergotamine
8276:potassium bromide
8270:compounds (e.g.,
8217:Trichloroethylene
7985:Nitromethaqualone
7904:Pyrazolopyridines
7406:3α-Androstanediol
7300:7,8-Dihydrokavain
6652:Ethyl loflazepate
6429:Thiotetrabarbital
6045:Ethanol (alcohol)
5969:
5968:
5541:Ethanol (alcohol)
5449:Ethyl loflazepate
5276:
5275:
4722:potassium bromide
4484:
4483:
4236:
4235:
4034:
4033:
3754:
3753:
3635:Potassium bromide
3593:Nitromethaqualone
3101:Thiotetrabarbital
2948:Ethanol (alcohol)
2288:PharmacoEconomics
1547:10.1136/bmj.e8343
1427:978-1-4557-0318-0
1383:10.1345/aph.17111
769:systematic review
725:
724:
605:Observed causing
598:Observed causing
497:
496:
369:
368:
172:drugs, acting as
16:(Redirected from
8652:
8620:Imidazopyridines
8321:Dihydroergolines
8238:3-Hydroxybutanal
7871:Piperidinediones
7604:Imidazopyridines
7138:6-Methylapigenin
7070:Hydroxyphenamate
6942:SH-053-R-CH3-2′F
6647:Ethyl dirazepate
6527:Chlordiazepoxide
6419:Thiobutabarbital
6131:Trifluoroethanol
6121:Trichloroethanol
6111:-Pentanol (2M2B)
6005:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5973:
5972:
5805:Alpha-2 agonists
5795:Alpha-1 blockers
5788:
5716:
5712:
5701:
5697:
5686:
5682:
5671:
5667:
5656:
5652:
5641:
5637:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5414:Chlordiazepoxide
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5333:
5329:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5280:
5279:
5169:
5166:Sodium oxybate (
5161:
5157:
5060:
4882:Phenyltoloxamine
4823:inverse agonists
4776:Piperidinediones
4511:
4504:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4409:muscle relaxants
4312:
4309:
4105:
4104:
3839:
3838:
3776:4-Fluorophenibut
3512:Piperidinediones
3386:Allopregnanolone
2968:Trichloroethanol
2926:
2925:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2775:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2530:
2512:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2486:
2476:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2424:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2021:. Archived from
2009:(in Norwegian).
1998:
1992:
1991:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1946:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1897:
1887:
1863:
1846:
1845:
1835:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1740:10.1002/pds.3951
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1697:. Archived from
1688:
1662:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1349:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1214:"benzodiazepine"
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1191:. Archived from
1181:
1006:chlordiazepoxide
870:and more rarely
822:
814:
810:
802:
794:
790:
617:instant-release
600:rebound insomnia
577:
576:
523:receptor complex
373:
288:
209:Imidazopyridines
162:pharmacodynamics
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
58:
55:
52:
21:
8660:
8659:
8655:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8650:
8649:
8615:Cyclopyrrolones
8605:
8604:
8603:
8598:
8576:
8534:isovaleric acid
8497:Sulfonylalkanes
8395:Hopantenic acid
8379:tolfenamic acid
8367:flufenamic acid
8329:dihydroergosine
8272:lithium bromide
8231:Others/unsorted
8226:
8087:Dichloromethane
8062:Chloral hydrate
8057:Chloral betaine
7994:
7931:
7898:
7865:
7837:
7566:Cyclopyrrolones
7551:
7457:Etiocholanolone
7372:
7329:
7290:5-Hydroxykavain
7240:
7212:
7124:
7006:
6454:Benzodiazepines
6448:
6259:Ethallobarbital
6254:Enallylpropymal
6135:
6116:Tribromoethanol
6103:-Butanol (2M2P)
6049:alcoholic drink
6011:
6008:
6000:
5970:
5965:
5964:
5949:Clinical trials
5928:
5832:
5813:dexmedetomidine
5785:Antiadrenergics
5782:
5781:
5773:
5750:
5714:
5699:
5684:
5669:
5654:
5639:
5627:Antidepressants
5621:
5584:
5577:
5576:
5568:
5550:
5389:Benzodiazepines
5379:
5371:
5367:
5357:
5331:
5327:
5317:
5307:
5277:
5272:
5271:
5256:Clinical trials
5235:
5159:
5005:
4977:
4939:
4847:Diphenhydramine
4821:
4818:
4805:
4742:Chloral hydrate
4686:amylene hydrate
4541:Benzodiazepines
4531:
4529:
4520:
4515:
4485:
4480:
4344:
4307:
4297:
4269:
4232:
4216:
4162:
4109:Antidepressants
4100:
4091:
4062:Dexmedetomidine
4043:
4030:
3976:
3906:Antidepressants
3900:
3861:Diphenhydramine
3834:
3825:
3763:
3750:
3739:Isovaleric acid
3702:Sulfonylalkanes
3657:Chloral hydrate
3652:Chloral betaine
3630:Lithium bromide
3602:
3539:
3506:
3488:
3420:
3367:
3324:
3296:
3238:
3121:Benzodiazepines
3115:
3021:Ethallobarbital
2972:
2921:
2912:
2898:
2868:
2867:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2793:
2789:
2752:
2748:
2717:
2713:
2682:
2678:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2636:
2597:
2593:
2556:
2552:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2453:
2446:
2397:
2393:
2354:
2350:
2327:
2323:
2280:
2276:
2245:
2241:
2210:
2206:
2174:
2170:
2139:
2135:
2104:
2100:
2069:
2065:
2034:
2030:
1999:
1995:
1964:
1960:
1923:
1919:
1864:
1849:
1818:(551): 417–22.
1804:
1800:
1769:
1765:
1720:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1619:
1615:
1576:
1572:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1479:
1475:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1410:
1406:
1367:
1363:
1326:
1322:
1277:
1273:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1196:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1150:(Lunesta) the (
1116:
1064:
1048:
1022:
986:
964:
927:
864:
833:antidepressants
829:benzodiazepines
820:
812:
808:
800:
792:
788:
765:
575:
573:Pharmaceuticals
563:rebound effects
555:benzodiazepines
547:sleep disorders
543:
514:
503:
498:
370:
294:Cyclopyrrolones
194:
177:
164:are similar in
145:drugs that are
109:
49:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8658:
8648:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8600:
8599:
8581:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8550:
8549:
8542:valerenic acid
8527:
8522:
8512:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8371:mefenamic acid
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8280:sodium bromide
8265:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8147:Methoxypropane
8144:
8142:Methoxyflurane
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8102:Ethyl chloride
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8008:
8006:
7996:
7995:
7993:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7941:
7939:
7937:Quinazolinones
7933:
7932:
7930:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7908:
7906:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7875:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7847:
7845:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7680:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7632:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7561:
7559:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7382:
7380:
7374:
7373:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7339:
7337:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7251:
7249:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7222:
7220:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7210:
7205:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7134:
7132:
7126:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7016:
7014:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6458:
6456:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6359:Propylbarbital
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6234:Crotylbarbital
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6199:Brophebarbital
6196:
6194:Brallobarbital
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6105:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6080:Methylpentynol
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6021:
6019:
6013:
6012:
6006:
5999:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5976:
5967:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5820:
5802:
5791:
5789:
5779:Sympatholytics
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5760:
5758:
5756:Antipsychotics
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5707:
5692:
5677:
5662:
5647:
5631:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5598:
5596:
5582:
5574:Gabapentinoids
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5560:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5518:
5508:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5384:
5382:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5306:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5283:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5228:
5218:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5175:Sympatholytics
5172:
5163:
5144:
5139:
5137:Passion flower
5134:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5081:Gabapentinoids
5078:
5073:
5068:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5033:chlorpromazine
5017:Antipsychotics
5013:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4922:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4842:Dimenhydrinate
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4816:
4811:Antihistamines
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4786:Quinazolinones
4783:
4773:
4768:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4729:
4726:sodium bromide
4715:
4693:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4536:
4534:
4527:
4522:
4521:
4514:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4491:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4456:Passion flower
4453:
4443:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4206:
4201:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4181:Chlorpromazine
4172:
4170:
4168:Antipsychotics
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4152:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4134:
4129:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4020:
4015:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3997:
3995:Chlorpromazine
3986:
3984:
3982:Antipsychotics
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3948:
3943:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3856:Cyproheptadine
3853:
3847:
3845:
3843:Antihistamines
3836:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3800:sodium oxybate
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3771:1,4-Butanediol
3767:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3744:Valerenic acid
3741:
3736:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3640:Sodium bromide
3637:
3632:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3545:Quinazolinones
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3066:Propylbarbital
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2963:Methylpentynol
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2865:
2822:
2787:
2766:(3): 196–200.
2746:
2711:
2676:
2661:
2634:
2591:
2570:(2): 201–208.
2564:Age and Ageing
2550:
2498:
2461:BMC Psychiatry
2444:
2391:
2348:
2321:
2274:
2239:
2204:
2168:
2133:
2108:Sleep Medicine
2098:
2063:
2028:
2025:on 2007-10-28.
2013:(22): 2954–6.
1993:
1958:
1917:
1847:
1798:
1763:
1714:
1648:
1629:(4): 491–516.
1613:
1570:
1521:
1496:
1473:
1438:
1426:
1404:
1361:
1340:(533): 964–7.
1320:
1291:(11): 611–20.
1271:
1225:
1205:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1115:
1112:
1095:anticonvulsant
1080:benzodiazepine
1074:(Ananxyl) and
1063:
1060:
1047:
1044:
1021:
1018:
985:
982:
963:
960:
926:
923:
872:hallucinations
863:
860:
837:antihistamines
764:
761:
723:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
685:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
648:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
631:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
611:
610:
603:
596:
593:
586:
582:
581:
574:
571:
542:
539:
512:
502:
499:
495:
494:
490:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
457:
456:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
418:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
371:
367:
366:
362:
361:
356:
351:
346:
332:
331:
330:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
286:
285:
284:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
235:
234:
228:
223:
218:
193:
190:
175:
170:benzodiazepine
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8657:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8597:
8596:
8592:
8588:
8585:
8579:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8552:
8551:
8547:
8543:
8539:
8538:isovaleramide
8535:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8520:
8516:
8513:
8510:
8506:
8502:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8420:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8380:
8376:
8375:niflumic acid
8372:
8368:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8338:
8334:
8330:
8326:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8301:Clomethiazole
8299:
8297:
8296:Chlormezanone
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8286:Carbamazepine
8284:
8281:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8266:
8263:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8229:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8162:Nitrous oxide
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8092:Diethyl ether
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8009:
8007:
8005:
8001:
7997:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7938:
7934:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7895:
7894:Pyrithyldione
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7872:
7868:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7846:
7844:
7840:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7639:
7638:
7634:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7605:
7601:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7568:
7567:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7558:
7554:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7375:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7332:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7243:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7215:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7127:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7100:Phenprobamate
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7065:Hexapropymate
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7040:Difebarbamate
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7013:
7009:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6852:Nortetrazepam
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6712:Flutoprazepam
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6692:Flunitrazolam
6690:
6688:
6687:Flunitrazepam
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6677:Flubromazolam
6675:
6673:
6672:Flubromazepam
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6572:Cloniprazepam
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6462:2-Oxoquazepam
6460:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6404:Thialbarbital
6402:
6400:
6399:Tetrabarbital
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6384:Spirobarbital
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6364:Proxibarbital
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6354:Propallylonal
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6334:Phenobarbital
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6324:Pentobarbital
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6314:Narcobarbital
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6279:Heptobarbital
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6249:Difebarbamate
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6239:Cyclobarbital
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6184:Benzobarbital
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6055:Ethchlorvynol
6053:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6010:
5997:
5992:
5990:
5985:
5983:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5894:Phenaglycodol
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5828:
5824:
5823:Beta blockers
5821:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5720:
5713:
5708:
5705:
5698:
5693:
5690:
5683:
5678:
5675:
5668:
5663:
5660:
5653:
5648:
5645:
5638:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5590:
5575:
5571:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5536:Chlormezanone
5534:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5515:phenobarbital
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5378:
5370:
5360:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5330:
5320:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5299:
5297:
5292:
5290:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5207:amitriptyline
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5164:
5158:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5010:Miscellaneous
5008:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4911:amitriptyline
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4872:Methapyrilene
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4796:Sulfonmethane
4794:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4757:Neurosteroids
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4747:Clomethiazole
4745:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4708:phenobarbital
4705:
4704:pentobarbital
4701:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4682:ethchlorvynol
4679:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4591:Flutoprazepam
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4581:Flunitrazepam
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4507:
4505:
4500:
4498:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4434:Methocarbamol
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4424:Mephenoxalone
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4414:Chlorphenesin
4412:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4383:Phenaglycodol
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:Amitriptyline
4125:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4037:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:Amitriptyline
3939:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3876:Methapyrilene
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Aceburic acid
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3757:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Isovaleramide
3732:
3731:
3730:
3729:Sesquiterpene
3727:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3667:Clomethiazole
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3530:Pyrithyldione
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:Phenprobamate
3280:
3278:
3277:Methocarbamol
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:Hexapropymate
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3184:Flutoprazepam
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:Flunitrazepam
3167:
3165:
3164:Flunitrazolam
3162:
3160:
3159:Flubromazolam
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:Phenobarbital
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:Pentobarbital
3049:
3047:
3046:Narcobarbital
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Mephobarbital
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Cyclobarbital
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Ethchlorvynol
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2803:(2): 168–92.
2802:
2798:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2727:(4): 259–67.
2726:
2722:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2672:
2665:
2649:
2645:
2644:"Eszopiclone"
2638:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2607:(4): 301–18.
2606:
2602:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2521:(2): 93–107.
2520:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2449:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:(4): 309–25.
2406:
2402:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2337:(2): 224–31.
2336:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:(3): 173–83.
2184:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:(6): 1265–6.
2043:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1895:11380/1288245
1891:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1775:(in French).
1774:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1734:(6): 637–45.
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1704:on 2013-05-15
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:CNS Spectrums
1574:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1506:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1485:(116): 14–9.
1484:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:(3): 332–43.
1453:
1449:
1442:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:(6): 680–91.
1376:
1372:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1062:New compounds
1059:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
981:
979:
974:
972:
967:
959:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
894:
892:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
842:
841:antipsychotic
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:, and 0.19 (4
818:
806:
798:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
763:Effectiveness
760:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
720:
717:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
649:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
632:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
612:
608:
604:
601:
597:
594:
591:
587:
584:
583:
578:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
508:
493:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
458:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
419:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
381:
380:
379:
375:
374:
365:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
340:
339:
338:
333:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
302:
299:
298:
297:
296:
295:
290:
289:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
205:
198:
189:
187:
183:
179:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
118:
43:
37:
32:
19:
8583:
8582:
8553:
8410:Lavender oil
8152:Nitric oxide
8072:Cryofluorane
8017:Acetophenone
7975:Methaqualone
7970:Mecloqualone
7965:Mebroqualone
7955:Diproqualone
7950:Cloroqualone
7879:Glutethimide
7683:
7635:
7602:
7564:
7556:
7537:Testosterone
7502:Progesterone
7467:Hydroxydione
7416:Androsterone
7343:Acecarbromal
7248:constituents
7035:Cyclarbamate
7025:Carisoprodol
6797:Metaclazepam
6792:Menitrazepam
6782:Meclonazepam
6777:Lormetazepam
6707:Flutemazepam
6532:Ciclotizolam
6522:Carburazepam
6414:Thiobarbital
6374:Secobarbital
6339:Phetharbital
6319:Nealbarbital
6304:Methohexital
6289:Hexobarbital
6224:Butallylonal
6219:Butobarbital
6174:Barbexaclone
6169:Aprobarbital
6154:Allobarbital
6141:Barbiturates
6108:
6100:
6090:Petrichloral
5864:Lorpiprazole
5854:Fabomotizole
5844:Benzoctamine
5746:Vortioxetine
5722:
5689:clomipramine
5644:escitalopram
5531:Carisoprodol
5511:Barbiturates
5502:
5387:
5353:Tandospirone
5231:Valnoctamide
5215:trimipramine
5057:dronabinol (
5049:Cannabinoids
5044:Benzoctamine
4953:Daridorexant
4935:Triprolidine
4919:trimipramine
4897:Propiomazine
4892:Promethazine
4857:Etodroxizine
4790:methaqualone
4780:glutethimide
4761:progesterone
4712:secobarbital
4696:Barbiturates
4674:
4643:
4642:
4606:Lormetazepam
4539:
4476:Valnoctamide
4378:Metaglycodol
4373:Fenpentadiol
4283:Daridorexant
4186:Thioridazine
4137:Trimipramine
4072:Medetomidine
4000:Thioridazine
3951:Trimipramine
3896:Propiomazine
3891:Promethazine
3697:Petrichloral
3682:Kavalactones
3614:Acetophenone
3583:Methaqualone
3578:Mecloqualone
3573:Mebroqualone
3563:Diproqualone
3558:Cloroqualone
3520:Glutethimide
3425:
3416:Progesterone
3406:Hydroxydione
3338:Acecarbromal
3252:Carisoprodol
3194:Lormetazepam
3179:Flutemazepam
3081:Secobarbital
3041:Methohexital
3031:Hexobarbital
3011:Butobarbital
3006:Butabarbital
2996:Aprobarbital
2986:Allobarbital
2978:Barbiturates
2835:
2831:
2825:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2692:(5): 285–7.
2689:
2685:
2679:
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2648:the original
2637:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2518:
2514:
2501:
2464:
2460:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2364:(1): 17–21.
2361:
2357:
2351:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2294:(1): 69–78.
2291:
2287:
2277:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2220:(6): 652–6.
2217:
2213:
2207:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2149:(8): 927–8.
2146:
2142:
2136:
2114:(4): 323–7.
2111:
2107:
2101:
2079:(3): 211–2.
2076:
2072:
2066:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2023:the original
2010:
2006:
1996:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1937:(4): 344–5.
1934:
1930:
1920:
1875:
1871:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1779:(4): 230–8.
1776:
1772:
1766:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1706:. Retrieved
1699:the original
1671:(1): 25–31.
1668:
1664:
1651:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1499:
1482:
1476:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1431:, retrieved
1417:
1407:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1217:
1208:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1179:
1151:
1117:
1065:
1049:
1023:
987:
975:
968:
965:
928:
895:
888:
884:secobarbital
865:
862:Side effects
815:months) for
795:months) for
781:effect sizes
766:
749:
737:barbiturates
726:
544:
504:
501:Pharmacology
491:
377:
376:
363:
337:β-Carbolines
335:
334:
292:
291:
237:
236:
207:
206:
203:
159:
146:
127:psychoactive
122:
41:
40:
8492:Stiripentol
8487:Seproxetine
8457:Niacinamide
8437:Loreclezole
8258:Avermectins
8222:Vinyl ether
8192:Sevoflurane
8172:Paraldehyde
8122:Halopropane
7945:Afloqualone
7927:Tracazolate
7922:ICI-190,622
7912:Cartazolate
7889:Piperidione
7884:Methyprylon
7851:Fospropofol
7773:Pipequaline
7581:Pazinaclone
7571:Eszopiclone
7427:Cholesterol
7411:Androstenol
7335:Monoureides
7315:Methysticin
7115:Tetrabamate
7095:Pentabamate
7085:Meprobamate
7055:Febarbamate
7020:Carisbamate
6972:Triflubazam
6962:Tolufazepam
6922:Rilmazafone
6917:Remimazolam
6892:Proflazepam
6877:Pivoxazepam
6837:Nitrazepate
6827:Nimetazepam
6762:Lopirazepam
6732:Haloxazolam
6682:Fludiazepam
6627:Doxefazepam
6602:Delorazepam
6582:Clotiazepam
6577:Clorazepate
6542:Cinolazepam
6439:Vinbarbital
6394:Tetrabamate
6349:Probarbital
6329:Phenallymal
6294:Metharbital
6269:Febarbamate
6164:Amobarbital
6065:Isopropanol
6035:Chloralodol
5945:from market
5874:Mepiprazole
5859:Hydroxyzine
5849:Cycloserine
5827:propranolol
5769:Flupentixol
5726:Agomelatine
5704:mirtazapine
5525:meprobamate
5459:Fludiazepam
5434:Clotiazepam
5429:Clorazepate
5310:Anxiolytics
5252:from market
5225:mirtazapine
5142:Scopolamine
5123:hydrocodone
5076:Fenadiazole
5039:Ashwagandha
5029:risperidone
5001:Tasimelteon
4973:Vornorexant
4963:Seltorexant
4958:Lemborexant
4929:mirtazapine
4887:Pimethixene
4877:Pheniramine
4862:Hydroxyzine
4832:Alimemazine
4771:Paraldehyde
4736:meprobamate
4700:amobarbital
4653:Eszopiclone
4616:Nimetazepam
4596:Haloxazolam
4566:Doxefazepam
4561:Clorazepate
4551:Cinolazepam
4461:Scopolamine
4405:Guaifenesin
4400:Fenadiazole
4356:Cannabidiol
4330:Mirogabalin
4288:Lemborexant
4265:Tasimelteon
4250:Agomelatine
4209:Risperidone
4155:Mirtazapine
4044:-Adrenergic
4023:Risperidone
3969:Mirtazapine
3919:Etoperidone
3886:Pheniramine
3871:Hydroxyzine
3692:Paraldehyde
3687:Loreclezole
3553:Afloqualone
3535:Piperidione
3525:Methyprylon
3454:Pazinaclone
3434:Eszopiclone
3396:Alphaxolone
3391:Alphadolone
3330:Monoureides
3272:Meprobamate
3209:Nitemazepam
3204:Nimetazepam
3149:Doxefazepam
3134:Cinolazepam
3106:Vinbarbital
3071:Proxibarbal
3056:Phenallymal
2991:Amobarbital
2943:Chloralodol
2601:Drug Safety
2515:Drug Safety
2255:(1): 50–2.
1974:(1): 54–8.
1148:eszopiclone
1083:anxiolytics
976:The Z-drug
973:and falls.
962:Other risks
947:eszopiclone
876:fugue state
823:weeks) for
817:eszopiclone
803:weeks) for
689:Eszopiclone
433:Pipequaline
312:Pazinaclone
301:Eszopiclone
8609:Categories
8525:Topiramate
8515:Terpenoids
8472:Propanidid
8462:Org 25,435
8390:Flupirtine
8385:Fluoxetine
8291:Chloralose
8262:ivermectin
8167:Norflurane
8132:Isoflurane
8077:Desflurane
8067:Chloroform
8027:Aliflurane
7960:Etaqualone
7788:SB-205,384
7718:CP-615,003
7713:CL-218,872
7667:Panadiplon
7657:Lorediplon
7586:Suproclone
7547:Zuranolone
7507:Renanolone
7492:Posovolone
7472:Minaxolone
7462:Ganaxolone
7401:Alfaxalone
7396:Alfadolone
7386:Acebrochol
7353:Bromisoval
7231:Metomidate
7218:Imidazoles
7178:Hispidulin
7130:Flavonoids
7090:Nisobamate
7080:Mebutamate
7050:Ethinamate
7045:Emylcamate
7012:Carbamates
6982:Tuclazepam
6957:Tetrazepam
6912:Reclazepam
6887:Premazepam
6867:Phenazepam
6847:Nordazepam
6842:Nitrazolam
6832:Nitrazepam
6812:Motrazepam
6767:Loprazolam
6757:Lofendazam
6742:Imidazenil
6702:Flutazolam
6697:Flurazepam
6667:Fletazepam
6622:Dimdazenil
6617:Diclazepam
6597:Cyprazepam
6587:Cloxazolam
6567:Clonazolam
6562:Clonazepam
6552:Climazolam
6512:Brotizolam
6507:Bromazolam
6502:Bromazepam
6497:Bretazenil
6492:Bentazepam
6482:Arfendazam
6477:Alprazolam
6472:Adinazolam
6444:Vinylbital
6424:Thiopental
6299:Methitural
6214:Buthalital
6209:Butalbital
6060:Isobutanol
5889:Oxaflozane
5817:guanfacine
5764:Quetiapine
5741:Vilazodone
5736:Tianeptine
5719:phenelzine
5659:duloxetine
5617:Pregabalin
5602:Gabapentin
5521:Carbamates
5484:Nordazepam
5439:Cloxazolam
5424:Clonazepam
5404:Bromazepam
5399:Alprazolam
5394:Adinazolam
5183:guanfacine
5151:tryptophan
5114:Niaprazine
5089:pregabalin
5085:gabapentin
5025:olanzapine
5021:quetiapine
4968:Suvorexant
4902:Pyrilamine
4852:Doxylamine
4837:Captodiame
4765:zuranolone
4732:Carbamates
4621:Nitrazepam
4601:Loprazolam
4586:Flurazepam
4556:Climazolam
4546:Brotizolam
4429:Metaxalone
4419:Mephenesin
4340:Pregabalin
4320:Gabapentin
4293:Suvorexant
4228:Niaprazine
4204:Quetiapine
4199:Olanzapine
4082:Tizanidine
4077:Romifidine
4067:Lofexidine
4057:Detomidine
4018:Quetiapine
4013:Olanzapine
3924:Nefazodone
3866:Doxylamine
3851:Captodiame
3662:Chloralose
3626:compounds
3568:Etaqualone
3464:Suproclone
3444:Lirequinil
3411:Minaxolone
3401:Eltanolone
3381:Acebrochol
3348:Bromisoval
3315:Metomidate
3302:Imidazoles
3262:Ethinamate
3257:Emylcamate
3244:Carbamates
3219:Nitrazolam
3214:Nitrazepam
3189:Loprazolam
3174:Flurazepam
3144:Clonazolam
3139:Climazolam
3129:Brotizolam
3111:Vinylbital
3096:Thiopental
2422:1874/11902
1708:2007-10-07
1433:2023-06-17
1199:2016-01-20
1171:References
1156:enantiomer
1142:to market
1068:anxiolytic
1056:dependence
1014:flumazenil
994:withdrawal
992:and acute
931:depression
844:quetiapine
779:and found
652:Sublingual
541:Background
527:anxiolytic
448:SL-651,498
443:SB-205,384
394:CL-218,872
354:SL-651,498
349:Gedocarnil
317:Suproclone
271:Panadiplon
261:Lorediplon
143:anxiolytic
131:depressant
8645:Sedatives
8640:Hypnotics
8584:See also:
8546:valerenol
8467:Phenytoin
8447:Monastrol
8405:Lanthanum
8400:KRM-II-81
8363:Fenamates
8358:Etifoxine
8353:Etazepine
8348:Efavirenz
8306:Darigabat
8202:Teflurane
8187:Roflurane
8182:Propylene
8127:Halothane
8112:Fluroxene
8097:Enflurane
8000:Volatiles
7917:Etazolate
7828:Viqualine
7783:RWJ-51204
7748:L-838,417
7738:Imepitoin
7708:CGS-20625
7703:CGS-13767
7688:Adipiplon
7662:Ocinaplon
7624:Saripidem
7619:Necopidem
7596:Zopiclone
7591:Suriclone
7576:Pagoclone
7482:ORG-21465
7477:ORG-20599
7368:Ectylurea
7358:Carbromal
7236:Propoxate
7226:Etomidate
7153:Baicalein
7110:Styramate
7105:Procymate
7075:Lorbamate
7060:Felbamate
7030:Clocental
7002:Zomebazam
6997:Zolazepam
6992:Zapizolam
6987:Uldazepam
6967:Triazolam
6952:Temazepam
6947:Sulazepam
6937:Ro48-8684
6932:Ro48-6791
6927:Ripazepam
6897:Pyrazolam
6872:Pinazepam
6822:Nifoxipam
6807:Midazolam
6802:Mexazolam
6787:Medazepam
6772:Lorazepam
6752:Ketazolam
6747:Irazepine
6737:Iclazepam
6727:Halazepam
6722:Gidazepam
6717:Fosazepam
6637:Estazolam
6632:Elfazepam
6607:Demoxepam
6537:Cinazepam
6517:Camazepam
6487:Avizafone
6409:Thiamylal
6344:Primidone
6274:Heptabarb
6264:Eterobarb
6229:Carbubarb
6126:Triclofos
6025:Brometone
5955:Phase III
5943:Withdrawn
5924:Validolum
5919:Tofisopam
5914:Tiagabine
5904:Picamilon
5884:Opipramol
5809:clonidine
5731:Bupropion
5674:trazodone
5564:Zopiclone
5556:Hypnotics
5546:Etifoxine
5494:Pinazepam
5479:Medazepam
5474:Lorazepam
5469:Ketazolam
5464:Halazepam
5409:Camazepam
5343:Buspirone
5262:Phase III
5250:Withdrawn
5198:Trazodone
5179:clonidine
5127:oxycodone
5071:Chamomile
4996:Ramelteon
4991:Melatonin
4867:Meclizine
4668:Zopiclone
4636:Triazolam
4631:Temazepam
4611:Midazolam
4571:Estazolam
4466:Trazodone
4407:-related
4260:Ramelteon
4255:Melatonin
4242:Melatonin
4150:Mianserin
4117:Trazodone
4052:Clonidine
3964:Mianserin
3929:Trazodone
3881:Perlapine
3724:Triclofos
3677:Gaboxadol
3484:Zopiclone
3469:Suriclone
3459:Saripidem
3449:Necopidem
3363:Ectylurea
3358:Carbromal
3320:Propoxate
3310:Etomidate
3287:Procymate
3234:Triazolam
3229:Temazepam
3199:Midazolam
3154:Estazolam
3091:Thiamylal
3026:Heptabarb
2905:sedatives
2901:Hypnotics
1912:250536370
1608:141232890
1541:: e8343.
1120:zopiclone
1108:suriclone
1076:pagoclone
1052:hypnotics
971:fractures
952:mortality
907:zopiclone
891:zopiclone
880:temazepam
807:, 0.51 (4
805:zopiclone
799:, 0.51 (4
756:addiction
752:tolerance
745:addiction
729:sedatives
654:zolpidem
559:tolerance
551:tolerance
487:Etifoxine
438:RWJ-51204
414:L-838,417
384:CGS-20625
344:Abecarnil
327:Zopiclone
322:Suriclone
307:Pagoclone
266:Ocinaplon
226:Saripidem
221:Necopidem
8572:TCS-1205
8567:TCS-1105
8557:α-Pinene
8530:Valerian
8505:tetronal
8482:Safranal
8431:obovatol
8427:magnolol
8423:honokiol
8253:Alogabat
8248:AA-29504
8197:Synthane
8157:Nitrogen
8137:Kerosine
8117:Gasoline
8107:Ethylene
8047:Centalun
8042:Butylene
7856:Propofol
7818:U-89843A
7798:TGSC01AA
7768:NS-11394
7733:GBLD-345
7698:CGS-9896
7693:CGS-8216
7677:Zaleplon
7672:Taniplon
7652:Indiplon
7647:Fasiplon
7642:Divaplon
7629:Zolpidem
7532:SAGE-872
7527:SAGE-689
7522:SAGE-516
7517:SAGE-324
7512:SAGE-105
7420:Certain
7363:Capuride
7325:Yangonin
7202:baicalin
7198:Skullcap
7188:Luteolin
7163:Catechin
7158:Baicalin
7148:Apigenin
7120:Tybamate
6907:Quazepam
6902:QH-II-66
6882:Prazepam
6862:Oxazolam
6857:Oxazepam
6657:Etizolam
6612:Diazepam
6592:CP-1414S
6557:Clobazam
6547:Clazolam
6434:Valofane
6389:Talbutal
6379:Sigmodal
6284:Hexethal
6179:Barbital
6159:Alphenal
6149:(-)-DMBB
6095:Propanol
6085:Pentanol
6075:Methanol
6017:Alcohols
5899:Phenibut
5879:Nicotine
5799:prazosin
5612:Phenibut
5592:blockers
5499:Prazepam
5489:Oxazepam
5454:Etizolam
5444:Diazepam
5419:Clobazam
5348:Gepirone
5335:agonists
5193:Theanine
5187:prazosin
5131:morphine
5104:Lavender
5093:phenibut
5065:nabilone
5053:cannabis
4819:receptor
4801:Valerian
4718:Bromides
4678:Alcohols
4663:Zolpidem
4658:Zaleplon
4626:Quazepam
4576:Etizolam
4530:receptor
4450:morphine
4441:Midaflur
4361:Cannabis
4335:Phenibut
4087:Xylazine
3816:Phenibut
3786:Baclofen
3712:Tetronal
3647:Centalun
3502:Propofol
3479:Zolpidem
3474:Zaleplon
3439:Indiplon
3353:Capuride
3292:Tybamate
3224:Quazepam
3086:Talbutal
3001:Barbital
2930:Alcohols
2860:40188442
2852:15587763
2817:16860264
2782:16916422
2741:20171127
2706:16096519
2654:21 March
2629:24222535
2621:15783240
2586:29077902
2537:26563222
2493:17711589
2439:22856696
2431:15233958
2386:33929400
2378:10682226
2343:11905433
2316:45013069
2308:11252547
2163:15266187
2128:14592194
2093:15725964
2058:15954071
2019:17117195
1988:10682233
1953:17852167
1904:35843245
1842:18505619
1793:17652991
1758:26711081
1695:17599165
1643:16750462
1600:16871130
1565:23248080
1491:11219327
1468:15746509
1399:34250754
1356:17132386
1315:22981367
1266:40188442
1258:15587763
1165:sedation
1161:insomnia
1144:zaleplon
1132:zolpidem
1104:indiplon
1087:sedation
1026:hypnotic
1010:diazepam
978:zaleplon
943:zaleplon
939:zolpidem
903:zolpidem
899:zaleplon
825:zaleplon
797:zolpidem
767:A major
733:insomnia
708:Zaleplon
615:Zolpidem
588:Reduces
567:zaleplon
531:hypnotic
515:receptor
462:TCS-1205
404:GBLD-345
389:CGS-9896
359:ZK-93423
281:Zaleplon
276:Taniplon
256:Indiplon
251:Fasiplon
246:Divaplon
231:Zolpidem
151:insomnia
139:hypnotic
135:sedative
36:zolpidem
8519:borneol
8517:(e.g.,
8509:trional
8499:(e.g.,
8417:(e.g.,
8415:Lignans
8365:(e.g.,
8323:(e.g.,
8268:Bromide
8260:(e.g.,
8243:α-EMTBL
8207:Toluene
8177:Propane
8052:Chloral
8032:Benzene
8012:Acetone
7843:Phenols
7833:Y-23684
7823:U-90042
7808:TPA-023
7793:SX-3228
7778:ROD-188
7763:NS-2710
7758:NS-2664
7743:JM-1232
7728:ELB-139
7723:CTP-354
7609:Alpidem
7208:Wogonin
7183:Linarin
6662:FG-8205
6369:Reposal
6070:Menthol
6030:Butanol
5869:Mebicar
5825:(e.g.,
5807:(e.g.,
5797:(e.g.,
5723:Others:
5717:(e.g.,
5702:(e.g.,
5687:(e.g.,
5672:(e.g.,
5657:(e.g.,
5642:(e.g.,
5523:(e.g.,
5513:(e.g.,
5506:Alpidem
5503:Others:
5223:(e.g.,
5211:doxepin
5205:(e.g.,
5177:(e.g.,
5121:(e.g.,
5119:Opioids
5083:(e.g.,
5051:(e.g.,
5019:(e.g.,
4927:(e.g.,
4915:doxepin
4909:(e.g.,
4788:(e.g.,
4778:(e.g.,
4759:(e.g.,
4734:(e.g.,
4720:(e.g.,
4698:(e.g.,
4690:ethanol
4680:(e.g.,
4675:Others:
4648:Z-drugs
4448:(e.g.,
4446:Opioids
4395:Evoxine
4132:Doxepin
3946:Doxepin
3821:Tolibut
3717:Trional
3624:Bromide
3494:Phenols
3076:Reposal
2545:7946506
2484:1994947
2269:2867122
2199:2230061
1833:2418994
1749:4889508
1686:1894851
1556:3544552
1391:9640488
1347:1934058
1306:3482271
1114:History
1100:alpidem
1072:alpidem
1030:alcohol
1020:Elderly
868:amnesia
777:Z-drugs
535:amnesic
521:of the
509:of the
482:Y-23684
477:TPA-023
453:SX-3228
428:NS-2710
423:NS-2664
409:HIE-124
399:ELB-139
216:Alpidem
192:Classes
180:of the
155:anxiety
123:Z-drugs
8452:Niacin
8037:Butane
7990:SL-164
7861:Thymol
7803:TP-003
7684:Others
7487:P1-185
7447:5β-DHP
7442:5α-DHP
7437:3α-DHP
7285:Kavain
7193:Rc-OMe
5938:WHO-EM
5909:Selank
5837:Others
5245:WHO-EM
4349:Others
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