1422:
290:
338:
379:, in April 1018, but was heavily defeated. Deeply distressed by the excesses of his countrymen during the civil war, and convinced that these misdeeds would bring down divine vengeance on the perpetrators and would bring the downfall of the empire he had founded, Zawi resolved to abandon Al-Andalus. He returned to the Maghreb in 1020, after appointing his nephew
275:, were put down with great severity and their perpetrators slain. After reducing offending tribes to submission, Sanhaja officials were put in charge of them. During the reign of Zawi's nephew, al-Mansur (983-995), the Zirid dynasty suffered from internal family tensions as well as a drift away from their Fatimid rulers.
324:
as their chosen caliph. The
Berbers entered Cordoba with their Caliph, indulging in every excess. They stripped the people of their property and carried violence and dishonor among the most respectable families. During the pillage of the city, Zawi removed the head of his father, Ziri Ibn Menad, from
328:
Following the fall of
Cordoba, dissension began between the Berbers and the fire of discord spread to all parts of the country. Berber leaders and the great officers of the Umayyad empire rushed at will on cities and provinces, while the Sanhaja, already masters of the Elvira campaign, went to seize
224:
tribe against
Fatimid rule, Ziri marched against the Zenata forces in 970. Following a bloody battle, the Sanhaja army was routed and Ziri's horse fell on him. With his troops having abandoned the battlefield, Ziri was left stranded amongst the Zenata tribe who cut off his head. A deputation seeking
244:
invasion of
Morocco in 973, pushing most of the Maghrawa people into central Morocco. Following the death of Buluggin, in 984 the extensive inheritance was divided by his relatives with Buluggin's son
320:. Zawi took a very active part in the war that broke out between the Spanish Muslims and Berber troops. Supported by Sanhaja, Zenata and other Berber troops, Zawi attacked Cordoba to establish
281:(Badis), son of al-Mansur, became the next ruler of the Zirid dynasty. Following failed attacks against Badis, in 999 and 1000, Zawi left for Spain with his son, nephews and followers.
309:) of all of his authority. Almanzor also enlisted Zenatas and other Berbers to replace, in Spain, the militia of the Caliph, umayyad troops and contingents of Arab tribes.
365:) nearby. Granada had been until then a small settlement on the right bank of the Darro river, but here Zawi founded what became modern Granada and the capital of the new
240:. The Sanhaja tribe then became responsible for holding back the Spanish Umayyads and their Zanata Berber Allies. The Sanhaja defeated the Umayyad-supported
305:, eagerly welcomed the refugees as support for his power, through which he planned to establish his domination of the empire and remove the Caliph (
1303:
La taifa de
Granada fue regida por los Ziríes —beréberes Sinhaya llegados desde Ifriqiya (actual Túnez) a principios del siglo XI— como mercenarios
1421:
395:, the ruler of the Zirids in the Maghreb at that time. It was then that he buried his father's head in the tomb which contained the body.
325:
the top of the citadel where it had been, for returning to his family to be deposited in the tomb which contained the body of his father.
1364:
714:
Bush, Olga (2013). "Granada art and architecture". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
1006:
Placenames of the World: Origins And
Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features And Historic Sites
406:
organised the Taifa and the construction of
Granada went ahead during his reign. The Zirids of Granada dynasty reigned until 1238, when
1660:
167:
1283:
525:
312:
The power of the
Sanhaja increased to such a degree that they became the main support of Almanzor and his son and successors,
1159:
1112:
1061:
1014:
774:
1655:
762:
263:
to his brother
Itouweft. The Zenatas and their Umayyad allies quickly recaptured the places lost to Buluggin, including
236:(Buluggin) was appointed governor of the Maghreb by the Fatimids as they transferred their capital to the newly created
1272:
1236:
1215:
1187:
1091:
986:
799:
723:
1032:
1284:"La taifa de los Ziríes, primer reino de Granada. Constitución, dimensiones políticas de este Estado del siglo XI"
1670:
1357:
1618:
1608:
501:'Granada of the Jews') on the right bank of the Darro River, which became the site of modern Granada.
1675:
1600:
1587:
1350:
741:"La granada zirí: una aproximación a través de las fuentes escritas, arqueológicas e historiográficas"
1626:
1527:
1517:
313:
1631:
1613:
1507:
1454:
423:
376:
317:
201:
1247:
298:
163:
1582:
1574:
1548:
1535:
1522:
1489:
1469:
1449:
392:
245:
1566:
1556:
1494:
1479:
1444:
1411:
407:
321:
1512:
1484:
740:
8:
1543:
1502:
1464:
496:
249:
1207:
History of North Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco : From the Arab
Conquest to 1830
1592:
1561:
1474:
1430:
1401:
1334:
1130:
403:
380:
52:
422:
conquered the last Muslim city in the Iberian Peninsula, ousting the last Nasrid king
1294:
1268:
1232:
1211:
1183:
1155:
1108:
1087:
1057:
1010:
982:
795:
770:
719:
419:
289:
233:
205:
1665:
1382:
1324:
366:
346:
278:
171:
34:
1459:
1406:
1226:
1205:
1177:
1149:
1102:
1051:
1004:
976:
487:
272:
144:
229:, took Ziri's head to Cordoba, where it was put on display in the market place.
1080:
411:
197:
128:
1649:
1320:
1298:
191:
175:
216:
with the permission of al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah in 944 and built the city of
447:
480:
472:
458:
and, by the 1st century A.D., it had become a Roman municipality known as
337:
345:
neighbourhood in Granada today, the site of the Zirid citadel during the
226:
342:
302:
268:
1342:
656:
200:(Ziri) was the leader of the Berber Sanhaja tribe, with allegiance to
543:
306:
451:
415:
372:
260:
241:
217:
159:
1104:
Ibn Ḥazm of Cordoba: The Life and Works of a Controversial Thinker
940:
644:
1374:
892:
868:
603:
443:
375:, with followers of Umayyad pretender Al-Murtada (Abd al-Malik),
213:
155:
152:
113:
80:
808:
697:
695:
634:
632:
630:
567:
358:
256:
221:
118:
391:
Zawi was welcomed back with honour by his great grand nephew,
692:
615:
579:
353:
Soon after settling in the area, Zawi moved his capital from
237:
209:
158:
tribe. He arrived in Spain in 1000 (391) during the reign of
68:
978:
International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe
792:
Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus
627:
591:
470:
were established in another area close to Illiberis, called
252:, taking over the lands of central Maghreb west of Ifrqiya.
880:
467:
248:(al-Mansur) carrying on the Zirid dynasty and another son,
179:
928:
856:
668:
555:
462:
which, by the end of the Visigoth period, had changed to
264:
952:
916:
844:
446:
had been populated since 5500 B.C. and experienced
418:
and reigned until January 2, 1492, when the army of the
975:
Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M; La Boda, Sharon (1995).
680:
170:
with followers from his Sanhaja tribe. He founded the
1245:
874:
1203:
609:
820:
349:, with some of the Zirid city walls still standing.
1079:
904:
526:"Zawi ben Ziri, primer rey de la taifa de Granada"
974:
814:
1647:
1262:
898:
832:
1281:
1147:
886:
769:. Routledge. pp. 490, 505 (see note 18).
760:
638:
597:
573:
1358:
1077:
862:
1128:
946:
934:
738:
701:
674:
662:
650:
621:
585:
549:
442:The region surrounding what is now known as
162:. He took part in the rebellion against the
141:Al-Mansur Zawi ibn Ziri ibn Manad as-Sanhaji
96:Al-Mansur Zawi ibn Ziri ibn Manad as-Sanhaji
1263:Rodgers, Helen; Cavendish, Stephen (2021).
1175:
561:
1365:
1351:
279:Abu Qatada Nasir ad-Dawla Badis ibn Mansur
1049:
958:
922:
850:
1224:
1053:The spread of Islam throughout the world
686:
523:
336:
297:Almanzor, "mayor of the palace" for the
288:
259:to his uncle, Abu al-Behar, and that of
255:Al-Mansur entrusted the governorship of
1372:
1265:City of Illusions: A History of Granada
789:
767:The Routledge Handbook of Muslim Iberia
524:Aparicio, Javier Iglesia (2018-04-06).
454:influences. It was originally known as
16:Founder of the Zirid dynasty of Granada
1648:
707:
185:
1346:
1100:
910:
377:tried to take Granada from the Zirids
149:المنصور زاوي بن زيري بن مناد الصنهاجي
108:المنصور زاوي بن زيري بن مناد الصنهاجي
1282:Viguera Molins, María Jesús (2013).
1151:Historical Dictionary of the Berbers
1030:
1002:
838:
826:
713:
519:
517:
491:
220:. During the ongoing revolt of the
148:
13:
783:
754:
361:) to the more defensible Granada (
14:
1687:
514:
332:
246:Abul-Fat'h al-Mansur ibn Buluggin
1420:
761:Carvajal López, José C. (2020).
530:Historia del Condado de Castilla
1661:11th-century monarchs in Europe
1179:Encyclopedia of African History
794:. Routledge. pp. 141–142.
732:
436:
1335:Habbus bin Makhsen al-Muzaffar
1246:alhambradegranada.org (2014).
386:
182:, reigning from 1013 to 1019.
1:
1204:Charles-André Julien (1970).
716:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
508:
284:
1231:. Henry Holt & Company.
1082:All Granada and the Alhambra
899:Rodgers & Cavendish 2021
765:. In Fierro, Maribel (ed.).
739:Sarr Marroco, Bilal (2007).
398:
7:
1267:. Oxford University Press.
1210:. Routledge & K. Paul.
1176:Shillington, Kevin (2005).
1086:. Editorial Escudo de Oro.
481:
473:
293:Al-Andalus in the year 1000
10:
1692:
1656:11th-century Berber people
1225:Fletcher, Richard (2006).
967:
875:alhambradegranada.org 2014
665:, pp. 16, 44, 59, 60.
552:, pp. 7, 8, 554, 555.
189:
1429:
1418:
1381:
1331:
1318:
1312:
1293:(in Spanish) (40): 8–11.
1050:El Hareir, Idris (2011).
610:Charles-André Julien 1970
124:
112:
104:
95:
90:
86:
74:
62:
58:
48:
40:
33:
26:
21:
1291:Andalucía en la Historia
748:@rqueología y Territorio
429:
414:. The Nasrids built the
367:Taifa kingdom of Granada
314:Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar
178:of Granada as its first
137:Zawi ibn Ziri as-Sanhaji
1250:. alhambradegranada.org
1148:Hsain Ilahiane (2006).
1135:. Ministre de la guerre
1101:Adang, Camilla (2013).
318:Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo
202:al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah
1671:Zirid kings of Granada
1325:Taifa kings of Granada
1078:Escudo de Oro (1997).
949:, pp. 19, 61, 62.
815:RingSalkinLa Boda 1995
790:Kennedy, Hugh (1996).
653:, pp. 12, 13, 14.
350:
294:
151:), was a chief in the
1412:Abdallah ibn Buluggin
1132:Histoire des Berberes
1129:Ibn Khaldoun (1854).
1031:Dale, Alfred (1882).
1003:Room, Adrian (2006).
408:Muhammad ibn al-Ahmar
340:
322:Sulayman ibn al-Hakam
292:
227:El-Hakem al-Mostancer
190:Further information:
35:Zirid King of Granada
1248:"Origins of Granada"
1182:. Fitzroy Dearborn.
1107:. Koninklike Brill.
981:. Fitzroy Dearborn.
357:(a site near modern
299:Caliphate of Córdoba
164:Caliphate of Córdoba
1676:Fitna of al-Andalus
1154:. Scarecrow Press.
1034:The Synod of Elvira
887:Viguera Molins 2013
639:Hsain Ilahiane 2006
598:Hsain Ilahiane 2006
574:Hsain Ilahiane 2006
393:Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis
250:Hammad ibn Buluggin
208:. Ziri founded the
186:Early Zirid dynasty
166:and settled in the
1431:Emirate of Granada
1402:Habbus al-Muzaffar
1037:. MacMillan and Co
863:Escudo de Oro 1997
763:"Material culture"
624:, pp. 15, 16.
588:, pp. 12, 13.
404:Habbus al-Muzaffar
383:as his successor.
351:
295:
174:, and founded the
53:Habbus al-Muzaffar
1643:
1642:
1341:
1340:
1332:Succeeded by
1161:978-0-8108-5452-9
1114:978-90-04-24310-1
1063:978-92-3-104153-2
1016:978-0-7864-2248-7
947:Ibn Khaldoun 1854
935:Ibn Khaldoun 1854
901:, pp. 11–15.
776:978-1-317-23354-1
704:, pp. 60–62.
702:Ibn Khaldoun 1854
675:Ibn Khaldoun 1854
663:Ibn Khaldoun 1854
651:Ibn Khaldoun 1854
622:Ibn Khaldoun 1854
586:Ibn Khaldoun 1854
576:, p. 86,153.
550:Ibn Khaldoun 1854
500:
482:Ġarnāṭah al-yahūd
420:Catholic Monarchs
381:Habbus ibn Maksan
234:Buluggin ibn Ziri
206:Fatimid Caliphate
134:
133:
100:
99:
1683:
1635:
1622:
1619:Abu'l-Hasan Ali
1604:
1596:
1578:
1570:
1552:
1539:
1531:
1498:
1438:
1437:
1424:
1390:
1389:
1383:Taifa of Granada
1367:
1360:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1313:Preceded by
1310:
1309:
1305:
1288:
1278:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1242:
1221:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1097:
1085:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1027:
1025:
1023:
999:
997:
995:
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
805:
787:
781:
780:
758:
752:
751:
745:
736:
730:
729:
711:
705:
699:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
562:Shillington 2005
559:
553:
547:
541:
540:
538:
537:
521:
502:
495:
493:
484:
476:
440:
232:Zawi's brother,
204:, leader of the
172:Taifa of Granada
150:
88:
87:
44:1013 – 1019/1020
19:
18:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1620:
1609:Abu'l-Hasan Ali
1602:
1594:
1576:
1568:
1550:
1537:
1529:
1496:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1416:
1407:Badis ibn Habus
1387:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1371:
1337:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1286:
1275:
1253:
1251:
1239:
1218:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1138:
1136:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1094:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1040:
1038:
1021:
1019:
1017:
993:
991:
989:
970:
965:
957:
953:
945:
941:
933:
929:
921:
917:
909:
905:
897:
893:
885:
881:
873:
869:
861:
857:
849:
845:
837:
833:
825:
821:
813:
809:
802:
788:
784:
777:
759:
755:
743:
737:
733:
726:
712:
708:
700:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
657:
649:
645:
637:
628:
620:
616:
608:
604:
596:
592:
584:
580:
572:
568:
560:
556:
548:
544:
535:
533:
522:
515:
511:
506:
505:
441:
437:
432:
401:
389:
335:
287:
273:Ketama, Morocco
271:. Uprisings in
212:dynasty in the
196:Zawi's father,
194:
188:
79:
67:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1689:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:Abu Nasr Sa'd
1598:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1546:
1541:
1533:
1528:Muhammad VIII
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1317:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1279:
1273:
1260:
1243:
1237:
1222:
1216:
1201:
1188:
1173:
1160:
1145:
1126:
1113:
1098:
1092:
1075:
1062:
1047:
1028:
1015:
1000:
987:
971:
969:
966:
964:
963:
961:, p. 456.
959:El Hareir 2011
951:
939:
927:
925:, p. 455.
923:El Hareir 2011
915:
903:
891:
879:
867:
855:
853:, p. 454.
851:El Hareir 2011
843:
831:
829:, p. 149.
819:
817:, p. 296.
807:
800:
782:
775:
753:
731:
724:
706:
691:
679:
677:, pp. 60.
667:
655:
643:
641:, p. 153.
626:
614:
602:
600:, p. 149.
590:
578:
566:
564:, p. 525.
554:
542:
512:
510:
507:
504:
503:
434:
433:
431:
428:
412:Nasrid dynasty
400:
397:
388:
385:
355:Madinat Ilbira
334:
333:Elvira/Granada
331:
286:
283:
198:Ziri ibn Manad
187:
184:
168:Cora of Elvira
132:
131:
129:Ziri ibn Manad
126:
122:
121:
116:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
93:
92:
84:
83:
76:
72:
71:
64:
60:
59:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1688:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1636:
1632:Muhammad XII
1630:
1628:
1627:Muhammad XIII
1625:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1588:Abu Nasr Sa'd
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1518:Muhammad VIII
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1397:Zawi ibn Ziri
1395:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1321:Zirid dynasty
1311:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1274:9780197619414
1270:
1266:
1261:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:0-520-24840-6
1234:
1230:
1229:
1228:Moorish Spain
1223:
1219:
1217:9780710066145
1213:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1191:
1189:1-57958-245-1
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988:1-884964-04-4
984:
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22:Zawi ibn Ziri
20:
1614:Muhammad XII
1575:Muhammad IX
1549:Muhammad IX
1536:Muhammad IX
1508:Muhammad VII
1455:Muhammad III
1396:
1373:Monarchs of
1319:
1302:
1290:
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1227:
1206:
1193:. Retrieved
1178:
1165:. Retrieved
1150:
1137:. Retrieved
1131:
1118:. Retrieved
1103:
1081:
1067:. Retrieved
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1039:. Retrieved
1033:
1020:. Retrieved
1005:
992:. Retrieved
977:
954:
942:
930:
918:
913:, p. 9.
906:
894:
889:, p. 8.
882:
870:
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534:. Retrieved
532:(in Spanish)
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479:
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410:founded the
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341:View of the
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78:1034 or 1035
27:
1634:(2nd reign)
1621:(2nd reign)
1603:(2nd reign)
1595:(2nd reign)
1583:Muhammad XI
1577:(4th reign)
1569:(2nd reign)
1567:Muhammad X
1551:(3rd reign)
1538:(2nd reign)
1530:(2nd reign)
1523:Muhammad IX
1497:(2nd reign)
1495:Muhammad V
1490:Muhammad VI
1470:Muhammad IV
1450:Muhammad II
1436:(1238–1492)
1388:(1013–1090)
1022:27 December
387:The Maghreb
1650:Categories
1557:Muhammad X
1480:Muhammad V
1445:Muhammad I
1329:1013-1019
1254:30 October
1195:28 October
1167:28 October
1139:26 October
1120:26 October
1069:25 October
1056:. UNESCO.
1041:25 October
994:24 October
911:Adang 2013
536:2021-07-08
509:References
452:Visigothic
329:the city.
303:Al-Andalus
285:Al Andalus
269:Sijilmassa
1513:Yusuf III
1485:Ismail II
1299:1695-1956
839:Dale 1882
827:Room 2006
750:(4): 167.
718:. Brill.
399:Aftermath
307:Hisham II
49:Successor
1593:Yusuf V
1544:Yusuf IV
1503:Yusuf II
1465:Ismail I
474:Ġarnāṭah
460:Iliberri
456:Elibyrge
416:Alhambra
373:Ibn Hazm
363:Gharnāṭa
343:Albaicín
261:El Achir
242:Maghrawa
218:El Achir
160:Almanzor
1666:Sanhaja
1562:Yusuf V
1475:Yusuf I
1375:Granada
968:Sources
499:
444:Granada
424:Boabdil
214:Maghreb
156:Sanhaja
114:Dynasty
81:Algiers
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464:Elvira
359:Atarfe
257:Tiaret
222:Zenata
153:Berber
145:Arabic
125:Father
119:Zirids
105:Arabic
66:c. 955
1287:(PDF)
744:(PDF)
448:Roman
430:Notes
238:Cairo
210:Zirid
91:Names
69:Achir
41:Reign
1460:Nasr
1315:None
1295:ISSN
1269:ISBN
1256:2014
1233:ISBN
1212:ISBN
1197:2014
1184:ISBN
1169:2014
1156:ISBN
1141:2014
1122:2014
1109:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1071:2014
1058:ISBN
1043:2014
1024:2012
1011:ISBN
996:2014
983:ISBN
796:ISBN
771:ISBN
720:ISBN
497:lit.
468:Jews
450:and
316:and
267:and
180:Emir
75:Died
63:Born
28:Emir
478:or
301:in
265:Fes
139:or
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