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drivers maintain the same speed or accelerate and only one out of four slows down or brakes. These results indicate that maintained high speed (even exceeding the speed limit of 50 km hour-1) is the signal from the drivers that they do not intend to give way to the pedestrian at the zebra crossing. The conclusion is that encounters between cars and pedestrians at the zebra crossing are critical situations in which the driver has to be influenced before he reaches the decision zone at 50 to 40 m before the zebra crossing in order to prevent the 'signalling by speed' behaviour.
370:
107:
469:
571:
426:
25:
484:, but depending on the marking style, they can have different names. Although zebra crossings exist in the US, the term is used to describe a type of diagonal crosswalk with two parallel lines painted over the stripes, similar but not identical to the ladder style. Instead, zebra crossings are called "continental crosswalks" and are the preferred style in many states because of its enhanced visibility compared to the other marking styles. In most areas of
209:
85:
1743:
614:. The white stripes of the crossing appear to hover above the ground as though they were a physical barrier. Although intended to improve pedestrian safety on the crossings, they have also been popular with tourists who like to be photographed crossing them, appearing to hover above the ground. Such crossings can be found in Australia, Iceland, Malaysia, India, New Zealand and the United States.
292:, meaning the zebra crossing is level with the pavement. This is done to make it safer for pedestrians to cross, since drivers need to slow down to go over the speed bump. However, this is more expensive than a traditional zebra crossing, and can impede the flow of traffic and response times for emergency vehicles, especially on roads with higher speed limits.
381:
In the United
Kingdom, it is the law that all road users, including motorists, give way to pedestrians who have set foot on a zebra crossing. A fine of ÂŁ100 and three licence penalty points is given to those failing to give way at the crossings. This penalty has attracted criticisms of leniency when
535:
The frequency of giving way is 5%. Drivers do not observe the law concerning speed behaviour at the zebra crossing, as they do not "adapt the speed in such way that they do not endanger pedestrians who are already on, or are about to step onto the zebra crossing". In encounters, three out of four
397:
or women (school crossing patrols) frequently attend zebra crossings near schools, at the hours when schoolchildren arrive and leave. Their widely used nickname arose because of the warning sign they hold up as they stop traffic: the sign is a large round disc on a long pole and thus resembles a
191:; in this context, the striped markings indicate absolute priority for pedestrians. In North America and in much of Continental Europe, they can be found at any type of crossing; in this context, zebra markings may or may not indicate pedestrian priority, and this priority may be dependent on
263:
experimented with designs to improve visibility and increase usage, until the familiar black and white stripes were introduced. The zebra crossing was then trialed at 1,000 experimental sites across the UK at this time. The zebra markings are credited to physicist and traffic engineer George
176:, in 1951 to enhance pedestrian safety at new and already existing crossing points. Since then, zebra markings have come to be used internationally to denote pedestrian crossings, though many have been replaced by various types of signalised crossing due to safety concerns.
284:
gave rise to the crossing's name. The light colour is usually white and the dark colour may be painted – in which case black is typical – or left unpainted if the road surface itself is dark. The stripes are typically 40–60 cm (16–24 in) wide.
1470:
227:
which was working on a new idea for safe pedestrian crossings. On being shown a black and white design, Callaghan is said to have remarked that it resembled a zebra. Callaghan did not himself claim authorship of the term.
1631:
1571:
512:, motorists are required to give way to pedestrians. Pedestrians wishing to cross the road within 20 m (66 ft) of a crossing facility (which includes zebra crossings) must use a crossing facility.
586:. It is painted yellow and black. In the United Kingdom, it allows cyclists to cross in a central area of the road without dismounting, and obliges motorists to give way to both cyclists and pedestrians.
562:, has opted for spots rather than stripes at a pedestrian crossing, resembling a cow instead of a zebra. The reason for this option is to recognise the importance of the animal for the region's farming.
1601:
179:
Terminology and usage of the markings varies by country. In the UK and other
Commonwealth countries, they are usually called zebra crossings, as the stripes resemble the striped coat of a
1172:
259:
However, with an increase of car traffic, the effectiveness of the beacons was waning; both pedestrians and drivers were ignoring the crossing. From 1949 to 1951, the then-named
350:. Because the width of crossing lines is wider than other traffic lines, the marking shoe of a zebra cross marking machine is accordingly wider. The machine is hand pushed.
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651:
was painted in summer 2013 with the colours of the rainbow to protest the
Russian government's policy towards lesbian and gay people, the rainbow being one symbol of the
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1623:
1719:
1563:
872:
1258:
1202:
1512:
252:. The Belisha beacon is an upright crossing marking, still required by zebra and parallel crossings in the UK, named after the Minister of Transport in 1934,
386:("lollipop man/lady" as they are commonly called), however, the penalty rises to ÂŁ1,000 and a minimum of three licence points, with the possibility even of
364:
448:, striped crossings are the preferred pedestrian crossing type, though many other variations exist. Zebra crossings are painted mostly at signalised
963:
669:; those were supposed to be temporary, but after homophobic vandalism, the municipality declared that the rainbow stripes would remain permanently.
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1593:
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35:
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logo. Since the Abbey Road photo was taken, zigzag lines at the kerb and in the centre of the road have been added to all zebra crossings.
1813:
1471:"This busy road will close as Portsmouth's first 'tiger crossing' is installed – and independent firms say their trade will take a hit"
1168:
716:-existence of God; the novel says, "Man then goes on to prove that black is white and gets himself killed at the next zebra crossing."
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1692:
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422:, and most other European countries, pedestrians have right of way if they are still on the kerb but about to enter the crossing.
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280:, parallel to the flow of the traffic, alternately a light colour and a dark one. The similarity of these markings to those of a
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compared to other countries which enforce fines of up to ÂŁ2,000. For failing to give way at a zebra crossing patrolled by a
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183:. In the UK and some other European countries, zebra markings are only found at unsignalised, standalone crossings without
212:
Zebra crossings are so named because their stripes resemble those of a zebra, though the origins of the link are disputed.
876:
1768:
1564:"Crosswalk at Russian Embassy in Sweden Painted Rainbow Colors in Protest of Anti-Gay Laws: PHOTO - Towleroad Gay News"
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1194:
390:. In the United Kingdom, motorists have to stop for a crossing patrol, even when it is not on a pedestrian crossing.
69:
1502:
1251:"Annalise Holt death: Oldham schoolgirl aged 12 who died after being hit by a van at zebra crossing named by police"
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1950:
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marked with white stripes (zebra markings). Normally, pedestrians are afforded precedence over vehicular
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regulated intersections. They provide priority and right of way to pedestrians under all circumstances.
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991:
924:
809:
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51:
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303:, which are flashing amber globes on black and white posts on each side of the road, named after
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album. The cover made the crossing a tourist attraction, and it has been incorporated into the
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In 2018 in Paris, the authorities decided to paint some crossings with rainbow borders for the
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720:
610:
A number of countries have experimented with "three-dimensional" zebra crossings based on an
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There is also a tongue-in-cheek reference to zebra crossings in the science-fiction comedy
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712:, in reference to Man using the improbable creature called the Babel fish as proof of the
8:
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had been in use in the UK since the 1930s, originally introduced under
Section 18 of the
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47:
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369:
43:
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states that road traffic "MUST give way when a pedestrian has moved onto a crossing."
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1379:
1001:
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847:
658:
A similar protest has also been made on a zebra crossing near the
Russian Embassy in
1828:
1823:
1371:
1362:
Várhelyi, A. (1998). "Drivers' speed behaviour at a zebra crossing: A case study".
757:
723:
are a team of young people who dress in zebra costumes and dance in the streets of
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488:, standard parallel lines markings are the preferred crosswalk style, except in
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The origin of the zebra title is debated. It is generally attributed to
British
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1876:
1803:
1503:"Outback town takes a 3D approach to slowing motorists at pedestrian crossings"
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1146:[Rules on the pedestrian stripe] (in German). Touring Club Schweiz.
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in Abbey Road, London. This crossing was featured on the cover of the album
1169:"DY-HPTP Hand-push Thermoplastic Screeding Pedestrian Road Marking Machine"
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experimented with tiger crossings during 2006–2007, but replaced them with
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425:
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99:
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750:"ZEBRA CROSSING | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com"
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94:
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165:, although the significance of the markings may vary by jurisdiction.
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842:
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587:
579:
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134:
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1914:
727:, in order to make drivers and pedestrians aware of traffic rules.
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264:
Charlesworth, who was the first head of the traffic section at the
84:
1624:"Des passages piétons aux couleurs LGBT seront permanents à Paris"
437:
yellow stripes are used for pedestrian crossings. Unlike a yellow
398:
giant lollipop, although they were originally of a square design.
1399:"Dear dairy: Galicia ditches zebras for cows at a city crosswalk"
489:
445:
415:
365:
Pedestrian crossings in the United
Kingdom § Zebra crossings
162:
119:
519:, raised zebra crossings are sometimes called wombat crossings.
441:
in the UK, however, cyclists are required to dismount to cross.
1742:
1594:"Les passages piétons arc-en-ciel à nouveau vandalisés à Paris"
1052:"Public Information Films - 1945 to 1951 - Pedestrian Crossing"
1027:"Public Information Films | 1945 to 1951 | Pedestrian Crossing"
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237:
169:
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1090:. No. 32, 344. Victoria, Australia. 2 May 1950. p. 6
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281:
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The crossing is characterised by longitudinal stripes on the
180:
647:
A zebra crossing immediately outside the
Russian Embassy in
925:"Oct. 31, 1951: We'll Cross That Street When We Come to It"
277:
34:
deal primarily with
Western culture and do not represent a
605:
346:
The lines of a zebra crossing are commonly laid down by a
401:
1653:"Beatles' Abbey Road zebra crossing given listed status"
574:
Tiger crossing allows cyclists and pedestrians to cross.
168:
The first zebra crossing in the world was installed in
900:"A Striped History – The Story Of The Zebra Crossing"
504:
A three dimensional pedestrian crossing in
Queensland
480:, pedestrian crossings are almost exclusively called
1114:"Using the road - Pedestrian crossings (191 to 199)"
1535:"Rainbow zebra crossing protest at Russian embassy"
531:investigated driver behavior at zebra crossings:
1843:
1222:
1937:
456:. They are also widely used in school areas and
377:that they are approaching a pedestrian crossing.
311:, who introduced them in 1934. Pedestrians have
565:
410:Red-and-white zebra crossing in Sofia, Bulgaria
1309:
244:on 31 October 1951. Pedestrian crossings with
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472:The different crosswalk styles used in the US
353:
32:The examples and perspective in this article
1680:
1428:
897:
1280:"Lollipop women and men in the firing line"
288:Sometimes, zebra crossings are placed on a
236:The first zebra crossing was introduced on
1814:Pedestrian crossings in the United Kingdom
1776:
1762:
1396:
621:(i.e. raised sections of road designed to
677:A zebra crossing appears on the cover of
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
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578:A tiger crossing is a variation used in
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467:
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128:
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83:
1882:Embedded pavement flashing-light system
1435:Buckinghamshire County Council (2006).
1248:
1227:. Roadsafetywales.co.uk. Archived from
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1938:
1707:
1468:
807:
540:
527:A 1998 Swedish study by A Várhelyi at
492:where zebra markings are widely used.
402:Continental Europe and the Middle East
225:Transport and Road Research Laboratory
1757:
1665:from the original on 30 December 2010
1500:
875:. Black Country Bugle. Archived from
672:
643:A rainbow crossing in London, England
598:. A tiger crossing was introduced in
187:and must be accompanied with upright
1397:Pontevedra, Silvia R. (2018-08-30).
1049:
1024:
986:
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832:
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778:
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705:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
628:
429:Yellow zebra crossing in Switzerland
335:
223:who, in 1948, visited the country's
18:
1710:"The History of British Road Signs"
1686:
1195:"Zebra crossing road deaths treble"
1193:Millward, David (22 October 2008).
871:Country, Black (26 November 2009).
782:
625:) as an additional safety measure.
328:, zebra crossings are also used on
13:
1722:from the original on 8 August 2023
1695:from the original on 8 August 2023
1469:Melton, Byron (13 February 2019).
922:
785:"A Short History of the Crosswalk"
315:when they step onto the crossing:
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133:A zebra crossing painted green in
14:
1962:
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1339:. Government of South Australia.
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695:has given this crossing Grade II
358:
137:to indicate usability by cyclists
1741:
1708:Parker, Mike (16 October 2013).
1515:from the original on 29 May 2018
1364:Accident Analysis and Prevention
1223:Road Safety Wales (2010-03-04).
838:"The knowledge: Zebra crossings"
810:"End of the road for the zebra?"
463:
324:In other countries, such as the
114:-controlled zebra crossing with
23:
1819:Pedestrian separation structure
1645:
1634:from the original on 2018-06-28
1615:
1604:from the original on 2018-06-29
1585:
1574:from the original on 2018-07-28
1556:
1545:from the original on 2018-07-28
1527:
1494:
1462:
1417:from the original on 2018-08-30
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1355:
1343:from the original on 2017-08-11
1325:
1303:
1292:from the original on 2014-10-06
1272:
1261:from the original on 2014-10-06
1242:
1225:"School Crossing Patrol – News"
1216:
1205:from the original on 2017-04-11
1186:
1175:from the original on 2014-09-12
1161:
1150:from the original on 2017-11-11
1136:
1124:from the original on 2017-11-10
1106:
1074:
1062:from the original on 2018-10-11
1043:
1018:
969:from the original on 2016-10-25
873:"All aboard the road to safety"
808:Henley, Jon (31 October 2011).
617:Crossings can be combined with
545:
373:These zigzag lines indicate to
332:controlled by traffic signals.
231:
1437:"Aylesbury hub Cabinet report"
1144:"Regeln am Fussgängerstreifen"
949:
916:
891:
864:
801:
742:
299:, the crossing is marked with
1:
1501:Bhole, Aneeta (29 May 2018).
1376:10.1016/S0001-4575(98)00026-8
1249:Qureshi, Yakub (2013-12-18).
1100:National Library of Australia
1082:"All liked "Zebra" crossings"
754:Lexico Dictionaries | English
730:
606:"Three-dimensional" crossings
522:
1689:"The History of Road Safety"
735:
623:physically slow traffic down
566:Tiger and parallel crossings
203:
7:
1056:www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
1031:www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
898:shanegenziuk (2013-07-09).
46:, discuss the issue on the
16:Type of pedestrian crossing
10:
1967:
632:
495:
362:
354:Zebra crossings by country
339:
198:
1907:
1862:
1791:
1681:General and cited sources
1691:. Drive and Stay Alive.
1050:Archives, The National.
1025:Archives, The National.
957:"Road Traffic Act, 1934"
375:United Kingdom motorists
266:Road Research Laboratory
393:In the United Kingdom,
1312:"Pedestrian crossings"
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575:
538:
505:
473:
430:
411:
384:school crossing patrol
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250:Road Traffic Act, 1934
213:
138:
126:
103:
88:A zebra crossing with
1951:Road surface markings
1337:The Driver's Handbook
1087:The Argus (Melbourne)
992:"George Charlesworth"
721:La Paz traffic zebras
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573:
533:
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428:
409:
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309:Minister of Transport
261:Ministry of Transport
211:
132:
109:
87:
1946:Pedestrian crossings
1799:Guerrilla crosswalks
1785:Pedestrian crossings
1750:at Wikimedia Commons
1661:. 22 December 2010.
1450:on February 17, 2012
1314:. Auckland Transport
1310:Auckland Transport.
789:Smithsonian Magazine
348:road marking machine
342:Road marking machine
330:pedestrian crossings
52:create a new article
44:improve this article
1809:Pedestrian scramble
1715:The Daily Telegraph
1285:Southern Daily Echo
541:Alternative designs
305:Leslie Hore-Belisha
254:Leslie Hore-Belisha
240:High Street in the
159:pedestrian crossing
1568:Towleroad Gay News
708:by English author
689:Abbey Road Studios
673:In popular culture
645:
576:
506:
474:
431:
412:
379:
214:
139:
127:
104:
1933:
1932:
1746:Media related to
1687:Cummins, Gerald.
760:on April 16, 2021
629:Rainbow crossings
336:Method of marking
80:
79:
72:
54:, as appropriate.
1958:
1829:Pelican crossing
1824:Pegasus crossing
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1443:. Archived from
1441:honestjohn.co.uk
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756:. Archived from
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693:English Heritage
635:Rainbow crossing
612:optical illusion
596:toucan crossings
388:disqualification
318:The Highway Code
155:American English
151:marked crosswalk
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725:La Paz, Bolivia
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592:Buckinghamshire
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529:Lund University
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301:Belisha beacons
274:
272:Characteristics
246:Belisha beacons
234:
221:James Callaghan
206:
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193:traffic signals
189:belisha beacons
185:traffic signals
147:British English
90:Belisha beacons
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1854:Zebra crossing
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1844:Tiger crossing
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1804:Panda crossing
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1454:October 11,
1333:"Crossings"
1128:10 November
679:The Beatles
510:New Zealand
454:roundabouts
435:Switzerland
420:Scandinavia
100:The Beatles
60:August 2019
1940:Categories
1669:2015-03-08
1658:BBC Online
1638:2018-07-27
1608:2018-07-27
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1318:2016-04-07
1296:2014-08-19
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684:Abbey Road
662:, Sweden.
600:Portsmouth
523:Compliance
482:crosswalks
363:See also:
290:speed bump
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1898:XiaolĂĽren
1792:Crossings
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1199:Telegraph
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602:in 2019.
588:Aylesbury
580:Hong Kong
517:Australia
458:stop sign
204:Etymology
135:Guatemala
124:Indonesia
48:talk page
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313:priority
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556:Galicia
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163:traffic
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