161:
1580:
1288:
287:
45:
136:
266:
The official designation "Zweigeltrebe Blau" appeared for the first time in 1972, when the new Grape
Variety Index for Qualitätsweine (Quality Wines) was launched. The name of the variety was altered to "Blauer Zweigelt" in 1978, and the synonym "Rotburger" was created at the same time. The aim here
262:
as early as the 1950s. Moser considered the designation "St. Laurent x Blaufränkisch" to be too long, and from this point onwards argued that the crossing should be named after its original grower, Friedrich
Zweigelt. By 1958, the naming process had reached a stage at which it could no longer be
267:
was to make it clear that the new cultivations of
Blauburger, Goldburger and Rotburger/Blauer Zweigelt all shared a common origin. No evidence can be found to support the widespread assertion that Zweigelt himself had applied the designation "Rotburger" to his new variety.
270:"Rotburger" remains a valid synonym and continues to be used as a label designation by Austrian vintners, although most producers prefer the name Zweigelt. The problem of naming the variety after a committed Nazi was first addressed publicly in December 2018.
282:
it tends to ripen 1–2 weeks earlier than Pinot Noir, and has very large heavy clusters of dark blue-almost-black grapes. The wine tends to be darker in color than Pinot Noir grown in the same area, and produces a larger crop than Pinot
495:
162:
179:(1888–1964), who later became Director of the Federal Institute and Experimental Station of Viticulture, Fruit Production and Horticulture (1938–1945). Zweigelt is a
472:
Verbal explanation provided by Josef Weiss, Director of the
Federal Institute of Viticulture and Fruit Production in Klosterneuburg for many years.
231:
and is the third-most widely planted red-grape variety, comprising approximately 4.7% of total vineyards. It grows in most of the wine regions in
258:
The
Austrian viticulturist, Dr. Laurenz (Lenz) Moser (1905-1978), recognized the suitability of the "St. Laurent x Blaufränkisch" variety for
325:
1630:
1514:
451:
430:
409:
121:
1336:
463:
Ordinance of the
Federal Minister of Agriculture and Forestry of 20 September 1978 (Federal Law Gazette No. 517/1978).
1610:
598:
573:
887:
1054:
111:
243:
has several small plantings (only a few acres) of
Zweigelt, including Wilridge Winery and Perennial Vintners.
1540:
1545:
1465:
1432:
1261:
522:
321:
1555:
1445:
1550:
1329:
1271:
1200:
1092:
693:
676:
155:
329:
1625:
1440:
813:
649:
212:
1615:
1303:
1226:
671:
1241:
1010:
654:
224:
892:
644:
8:
1620:
1470:
1422:
1322:
566:
184:
100:
872:
1460:
965:
259:
240:
127:
1414:
1361:
945:
683:
447:
426:
405:
208:
882:
1205:
1132:
995:
897:
485:
In: "Weinherbst 2013", supplement to the "Wiener
Zeitung" of 2 November 2013, p. 8.
180:
188:
104:
1560:
1381:
1298:
1084:
912:
847:
790:
753:
633:
279:
232:
1450:
1399:
1353:
1210:
1182:
1157:
1078:
1067:
1062:
960:
927:
743:
721:
688:
664:
559:
236:
216:
204:
176:
140:
86:
67:
1455:
286:
1604:
1579:
1480:
1389:
1287:
1195:
1190:
867:
659:
199:
Widely planted in
Austria, Zweigelt vines have made inroads in the Canadian
1266:
857:
795:
785:
738:
172:
1015:
496:
Aktion "Abgezweigelt" – Zweigelt soll in "Blauer Montag" umbenannt werden.
1584:
1535:
1498:
1292:
1147:
1137:
1035:
800:
731:
590:
220:
200:
917:
44:
1488:
1404:
1394:
1345:
1251:
1246:
1231:
1167:
1162:
1127:
1025:
1020:
980:
907:
852:
842:
824:
780:
768:
758:
716:
542:
532:
300:
239:
and Polish vineyards have also started to plant
Zweigelt. As of 2014,
837:
1366:
1256:
1236:
1172:
1152:
1142:
1102:
1040:
922:
862:
763:
608:
252:
446:
In: Wine in Austria. The History. Brandstätter Verlag, Vienna 2019,
425:
In: Wine in Austria. The History. Brandstätter Verlag, Vienna 2019,
404:
In: Wine in Austria. The History. Brandstätter Verlag, Vienna 2019,
376:
1112:
1107:
1097:
990:
970:
937:
902:
748:
711:
623:
618:
603:
135:
832:
1565:
1371:
1122:
975:
950:
877:
613:
90:
726:
1530:
1493:
1117:
1005:
1000:
351:
1314:
1030:
985:
955:
251:
Zweigelt is also known as Rotburger (not to be confused with
28:
290:
Zweigelt cluster at Perennial Vintners, Puget Sound AVA, USA
582:
538:
444:
Friedrich Zweigelt as reflected by contemporary sources.
423:
Friedrich Zweigelt as reflected by contemporary sources.
402:
Friedrich Zweigelt as reflected by contemporary sources.
303:– red grape created by Zweigelt the following year
551:
1602:
273:
1330:
567:
352:"Wilridge Vineyard, Winery & Distillery"
1337:
1323:
574:
560:
523:Wein in Österreich –Zwielichtiger Zweigelt
356:Wilridge Vineyard, Winery & Distillery
43:
377:"Perennial Vintners -- Introduction/Home"
537:
285:
134:
1515:Clarification and stabilization of wine
49:Zweigelt grapes with signs of withering
1603:
255:), Zweigeltrebe, and Blauer Zweigelt.
246:
1318:
555:
536:
154:
13:
501:Niederösterreichische Nachrichten.
14:
1642:
1631:Food and drink introduced in 1922
599:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1578:
1286:
520:13 December 2018, p. 1 (online:
235:. As of 2010, newly established
506:
488:
194:
1344:
475:
466:
457:
436:
415:
394:
369:
344:
314:
1:
1541:Glossary of viticulture terms
307:
1546:Glossary of winemaking terms
274:Viticultural characteristics
215:, with limited plantings in
7:
294:
175:variety created in 1922 by
10:
1647:
1466:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
78:Blauer Zweigelt, Rotburger
1574:
1556:History of the wine press
1523:
1507:
1479:
1446:Sparkling wine production
1431:
1413:
1380:
1352:
1280:
1219:
1181:
1076:
1053:
936:
823:
811:
704:
632:
589:
549:
514:Der Geist in der Flasche.
381:www.perennialvintners.com
120:
110:
96:
82:
74:
62:
54:
42:
26:
21:
1611:Red wine grape varieties
1551:Wine tasting descriptors
1272:Wine tasting descriptors
1201:Phenolic content in wine
1093:Alternative wine closure
677:Great French Wine Blight
581:
1441:Malolactic fermentation
326:"STATISTICS&CHARTS"
320:Wine of Czech Republic
483:Der Rote von der Burg.
291:
156:[ˈt͡svaɪ̯ɡl̩t]
143:
1242:Wine and food pairing
289:
138:
893:Muscat of Alexandria
518:Süddeutsche Zeitung.
442:Cf. Daniel Deckers:
400:Cf. Daniel Deckers:
1471:Yeast in winemaking
1423:Carbonic maceration
247:Naming and synonyms
55:Color of berry skin
1461:Traditional method
1262:Wine personalities
966:Cabernet Sauvignon
292:
260:high-trained vines
177:Friedrich Zweigelt
144:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1362:Late harvest wine
1312:
1311:
1049:
1048:
946:Alicante Bouschet
694:Judgment of Paris
503:10 December 2018.
481:Johann Werfring:
452:978-3-7106-0404-1
431:978-3-7106-0404-1
410:978-3-7106-0404-1
209:Niagara Peninsula
191:grape varieties.
171:, is an Austrian
167:), also known as
133:
132:
97:Original pedigree
1638:
1583:
1582:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1291:
1290:
1206:Proteins in wine
873:Grüner Veltliner
821:
820:
576:
569:
562:
553:
552:
534:
533:
527:
512:Magdalena Pulz:
510:
504:
492:
486:
479:
473:
470:
464:
461:
455:
440:
434:
421:Daniel Deckers:
419:
413:
398:
392:
391:
389:
387:
373:
367:
366:
364:
362:
348:
342:
341:
339:
337:
332:on June 11, 2008
328:. Archived from
318:
241:Washington state
219:, Australia and
213:British Columbia
166:
165:
164:
158:
153:
47:
36:
31:
19:
18:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1585:Wine portal
1577:
1570:
1561:History of wine
1519:
1503:
1475:
1427:
1409:
1390:Deacidification
1376:
1348:
1343:
1313:
1308:
1293:Wine portal
1285:
1276:
1215:
1177:
1082:
1072:
1045:
932:
913:Sauvignon blanc
848:Cayetana blanca
816:
814:grape varieties
807:
700:
628:
585:
580:
545:
531:
530:
511:
507:
493:
489:
480:
476:
471:
467:
462:
458:
441:
437:
420:
416:
399:
395:
385:
383:
375:
374:
370:
360:
358:
350:
349:
345:
335:
333:
324:
323:; see chart at
319:
315:
310:
297:
280:Puget Sound AVA
276:
249:
227:it is known as
197:
160:
159:
151:
112:Notable regions
50:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1644:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1626:Hungarian wine
1623:
1618:
1613:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1451:Sugars in wine
1448:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1400:Chaptalization
1397:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1227:Classification
1223:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1211:Sugars in wine
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1183:Wine chemistry
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:Wine dispenser
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
961:Cabernet Franc
958:
953:
948:
942:
940:
934:
933:
931:
930:
928:Welschriesling
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
883:Müller-Thurgau
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
829:
827:
818:
809:
808:
806:
805:
804:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
774:
773:
772:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
708:
706:
702:
701:
699:
698:
697:
696:
686:
681:
680:
679:
669:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
650:Ancient Greece
647:
638:
636:
630:
629:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
595:
593:
587:
586:
579:
578:
571:
564:
556:
550:
547:
546:
529:
528:
505:
487:
474:
465:
456:
435:
414:
393:
368:
343:
312:
311:
309:
306:
305:
304:
296:
293:
275:
272:
248:
245:
225:Czech Republic
196:
193:
139:Zweigelt from
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
114:
108:
107:
98:
94:
93:
87:Klosterneuburg
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:Vitis vinifera
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1643:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Austrian wine
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1196:Acids in wine
1194:
1192:
1191:Aroma of wine
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1055:Major regions
1052:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:Montepulciano
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
941:
939:
935:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
828:
826:
822:
819:
815:
810:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
775:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
740:
737:
736:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
707:
703:
695:
692:
691:
690:
687:
685:
682:
678:
675:
674:
673:
670:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
640:
639:
637:
635:
631:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
594:
592:
588:
584:
577:
572:
570:
565:
563:
558:
557:
554:
548:
544:
540:
535:
525:
524:
519:
515:
509:
502:
498:
497:
491:
484:
478:
469:
460:
453:
449:
445:
439:
432:
428:
424:
418:
411:
407:
403:
397:
382:
378:
372:
357:
353:
347:
331:
327:
322:
317:
313:
302:
299:
298:
288:
284:
281:
271:
268:
264:
261:
256:
254:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
192:
190:
189:Blaufränkisch
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
163:
157:
149:
142:
137:
129:
126:
123:
119:
115:
113:
109:
106:
105:Blaufränkisch
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1576:
1433:Fermentation
1284:
1267:Wine tasting
888:Muscat blanc
858:Chenin blanc
655:Ancient Rome
521:
517:
513:
508:
500:
494:
490:
482:
477:
468:
459:
443:
438:
422:
417:
401:
396:
384:. Retrieved
380:
371:
359:. Retrieved
355:
346:
334:. Retrieved
330:the original
316:
277:
269:
265:
257:
250:
229:Zweigeltrebe
228:
201:wine regions
198:
195:Wine regions
183:between the
173:hybrid grape
168:
147:
145:
66:
33:
1536:Wine bottle
1508:Other steps
1499:Wine cellar
1456:Süssreserve
1148:Wine cellar
1138:Wine bottle
1079:accessories
1077:Packaging,
1036:Tempranillo
665:Noah's wine
645:Phoenicians
591:Viticulture
221:New Zealand
185:St. Laurent
101:St. Laurent
75:Also called
1621:Czech wine
1605:Categories
1415:Maceration
1405:Wine press
1395:Destemming
1346:Winemaking
1252:Wine fraud
1247:Wine fault
1232:Oenophilia
1168:Wine label
1163:Wine glass
1128:Port tongs
1026:Sangiovese
1021:Pinot noir
981:Douce noir
908:Rkatsiteli
853:Chardonnay
843:Catarratto
817:by acreage
791:Biodynamic
754:Aromatized
543:winemaking
308:References
301:Blauburger
1367:Noble rot
1257:Winemaker
1237:Sommelier
1173:Wine rack
1153:Wine cork
1143:Wine cave
1133:Screw cap
1103:Corkscrew
1068:New World
1063:Old World
1041:Zinfandel
1016:Mourvèdre
923:Trebbiano
863:Colombard
764:Noble rot
744:Fortified
722:Sparkling
689:New World
454:, p. 191.
433:, p. 190.
412:, p. 179.
263:stopped.
253:Rotberger
223:. In the
169:Rotburger
1382:Pressing
1304:Glossary
1220:Industry
1113:Jug wine
1108:Decanter
1098:Box wine
996:Isabella
991:Grenache
971:Carignan
918:Sémillon
903:Riesling
898:Palomino
641:Ancient
624:Vineyard
619:Veraison
604:Oenology
295:See also
233:Slovakia
181:crossing
148:Zweigelt
22:Zweigelt
16:Varietal
1566:Terroir
1524:Related
1372:Vintage
1354:Harvest
1299:Outline
1123:Muselet
1085:storage
976:Cinsaut
951:Barbera
878:Macabeo
838:Aligoté
796:Organic
786:Natural
739:Dessert
684:Georgia
634:History
614:Terroir
609:Species
386:May 17,
361:May 17,
336:July 1,
278:In the
237:Belgian
217:Hungary
211:and of
205:Ontario
152:German:
141:Hungary
116:Austria
91:Austria
63:Species
1531:Winery
1494:Solera
1118:Kvevri
1006:Merlot
1001:Malbec
801:Kosher
777:Other
732:Orange
705:Styles
672:France
450:
429:
408:
124:number
103:&
83:Origin
1481:Aging
1031:Syrah
986:Gamay
956:Bobal
868:Glera
833:Airén
825:White
781:Table
769:Straw
759:Fruit
717:White
660:China
539:Wines
283:Noir.
128:13484
35:Vitis
29:Grape
1083:and
812:Top
727:Rosé
583:Wine
541:and
516:In:
499:In:
448:ISBN
427:ISBN
406:ISBN
388:2020
363:2020
338:2011
187:and
146:The
122:VIVC
58:Noir
1489:Oak
938:Red
749:Ice
712:Red
207:'s
203:of
1607::
526:).
379:.
354:.
89:,
1338:e
1331:t
1324:v
1081:,
575:e
568:t
561:v
390:.
365:.
340:.
150:(
38:)
32:(
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