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340:
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44:, is that Marathesion was southwest of Nuova Scala, but not as far as Ambar Tepe. He draws a map placing Marathesion at the port of Kuşadası and gives a picture of Kese Dağı with Pigeon Island. A modern photograph is given above. He places Ambar Tepe, not otherwise known in this region, on the south of the promontory and recuses himself from identifying it. A century later, H. Lohmann suggested that Ambar Tepe was Marathesium. This view is currently in favor with the encyclopedists. The coordinates given above are therefore those of Ambar Tepe.
287:. The language is equivocal: "... Ephesos and port, Marathesion ...." Either Marathesion is in apposition to port, meaning it is the port of Ephesos, or Marathesion is in series, meaning Ephesos has some unknown port, but Marathesion is not part of it. Stephanos of Byzantium mentioning Marathesion says in a second sentence "It is a city of the Ephesians." Both points of view are represented in the works of modern scholars.
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495:, p. 19 Hansen points out that the Copenhagen Polis Group, an umbrella for a team making a 10-year study of poleis 1994-2004, found it necessary to innovate a category of polis, the dependent polis, which though self-governing, in extra-state matters was a dependency of some larger, more powerful polis. Sooner or later all the Ionian poleis fell under this category.
351:, published a three-volume account of an expedition he had made in the orient. In this account he visits Scalanova from Ephesus. His woodcut of the place shows the unmistakable outline of Kese Dağı and Pigeon Island without the causeway. Presumably Scalanova is the walled community bordering on the harbor and rising to the
408:, a rebellious province of the Hittite Empire, which fell at the end of the Bronze Age. Arzawa did not just disappear. It split into different territories that came to evolve different Anatolian daughter languages. Even in the Bronze Age the Greeks were settling in the coastal cities of Arzawa, notably
504:
Figure 2 is a map showing the shorelines at various times as isochrons. Note that aggradation procedes down the river at first and then also from
Ephesus outward. The roadways of Ephesus extend to the NW to try and reach an ever-receding shoreline, while the canal sponsored by Nero attempts to bypass
290:
Ephesus was originally placed on the lower slopes of a 300 m (980 ft) NE-SW mountain, Bülbüldağ, on the south coast of the estuary of the
Cayster River, then deep water. It was able to maintain its position as a deep-water port until about 750 BC. At that time the island of Syrie (Korudağ),
257:
There is, however, a second theory proposed by H. Lohmann after a study of the toponyms of north Ionia and the archaeological evidence of the 21st century. In the south angle of the same promontory on which Kuşadası is located, there is another harbor inland from which stood another hill, Ambar Tepe.
253:
graces the top. A large sign, Kuşadasi, like the
Hollywood sign of Los Angeles, has been placed on the seaward side of the hill. An island, Pigeon Island, containing a fort, is connected to the hill by a causeway. Kuşadası means "Pigeon Island." This harbor is in the north angle of the promontory. If
244:
That entire coast along with Mycale had been the territory of Melia. Melia was thus far too large to have been one of 13 equal cities of the Ionian League. It owned the land on which those cities were placed. They took it away from Melia during the Meliac War, dated about 700 BC, and divided the land
302:
Ephesus had only two paths of approach: the estuary, and overland from the coast of north Ionia, the latter coming through what is now Kuşadası. A major issue in localization of the area is that the then toponym of Port Kuşadası is not known. It was the target of population transfer from
Ephesus. As
335:
stands in its place, a known city south of Ambar Tepe on what was then the coast, now inland. Both Keil and
Lohmann accepted this view. Lohmann proposed Ambar Tepe as the location of Marathesium. However, that choice leaves downtown Kuşadası without a toponym, if Scala Nuova can be assumed to be a
306:
Inevitably in the 13th century the Greek name Nea
Ephesos, "New Ephesus," begins to be used. The Venetians ruled the city then. They were making stand against the inroads of the Turks, which turned out to be the last stand. They called the port Latin Scala Nova, Italian Scala Nuova, "Newport." The
363:
one must understand any
European. Apparently the Venetians, who had their own Italic language must be Franks, or else Pitton de Tournefort was unaware of the Venetian hegemony. He suggests that Scalanova is a transcription of "the ancient name of Neapolis of the Milesians," but does not elucidate
294:
By 300 BC Syrie was a hummock in the alluvial plain. Marshes had begun to build northward from
Ephesos. By 200 BC it was no longer an oceanic port. The population could still reach the estuary via long streets to the NW. From that time matters went from bad to worse. The Ephesians fought to save
248:
The exact locality of
Marathesion has not been determined for certain. The first investigator there concluded it was the port of Kuşadası. Its harbor was and is the best of the entire shore that extends from Mount Mycale to the River Cayster. It is situated under shelter of a headland consisting
245:
among them. Melia was razed and never rebuilt. The best explanation is that Melia had owned the land because it was Carian, and its land was then part of Caria. There was often a close comradeship between Greeks and
Carians, despite the fact that the Greeks often referred to them as barbarians.
392:
on Mount Mycale, which Stephanos also calls Carian. Melia was the 13th member of the Ionian League. In contrast to the other cities of the League, Melia owned the land on which many of the others were situated, suggesting that Melia had been Carian, but loaned its services to the League.
323:). The Samians had once owned Marathesium, he said, but then exchanged it to Ephesus for Neapolis, which was closer to Samos. This Neapolis in the more recent centuries of travel writing seemed at first to be Scala Nuova, as is marked "Ancient Neapolis" on Admiralty Chart 1546.
303:
the capability of Ephesus to transfer people and goods with maximum efficiency decreased, the land approach became increasingly important. Ephesus went on through the later Roman Empire and Byzantine period as an important international city of the Christian faith.
205:. During that time it came into contact with the Achaean Greeks. At some point after the fall of Arzawa it was invested by the Ionians. No doubt Ionian Ephesus was founded on the coast of the Aegean, like all the other Ionian cities. Since then the
358:
Pitton de Tournefort calls the hill "Cape Scalanova, which projects greatly into the sea." He is at a loss to explain the etymology of the name, calling it an "Italian name that the Franks gave to it perhaps after the destruction of Ephesus." By
330:
had suggested in 1906 that Neapolis was a scribal error in Strabo's text. Instead of being interpreted as eita Neapolis, "and next Neapolis," the phrase should have been eit' Anea Polis, "and next Anea city." Neapolis disappears altogether and
416:. It should be no surprise therefore if the coast north of Miletos had actually been in the Carian-speaking territory, or if Carian had already been given up in those cities in favor of Greek. Certainty awaits further evidence.
236:
Ephesus needed a harbor. It found that by trekking across the alluvial plain to the southwest it had easy access to the one natural harbor on the long stretch of beach opposite Samos: the port today held by the Turkish city of
266:
The literary sources are too few and too scant to give anything more than a general idea of the location of Marathesion, which is true of many ancient cities. More precise localization is typically the work of archaeology.
182:. Marathesium was too small to be a member of the League or even to stand independently on its own. It has been classified recently as a dependent polis of one of the members of the League, first of
319:
had already apparently used the term Neapolis. In his description of the coast of north Ionia he reports a geographic order of toponyms, south to north: Samos, Neapolis, Marathesium, Ephesus (
419:
The name, Marathesion, looks suspiciously Greek. It is one of a group of Greek toponyms apparently derived from the Greek word Marathos or Marathon after the "fennel" growing on site,
258:
It has been mainly destroyed by modern development. Lohmann's proposal is that Ambar Tepe was Marathesium. This theory leaves the problem of what to call the north harbor settlement.
735:
Herda, Alexander (2018). "From the Gulf of Latmos to Lake Bafa: On the History, Geoarchaeology, and Palynology of the Lower Maeander Valley at the Foot of the Latmos Mountains".
241:, a strong candidate for the location of Marathesium. There was literally no other choice. Ephesus therefore fought to obtain the port, doing so finally by a swap with Samos.
380:
calls Marathesium a town of Caria. What he might mean by that is not very clear. He says the same thing about most of the Ionian cities, even though the border of classical
81:
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Ancient Neapolis cannot be Scala Nuova, as it is south of Marathesium, and not immediately before Ephesus. There is no other mention of this Neapolis anywhere.
307:
coupling of the two suggest that the newness of Nea and Nova/Nuova means that Ephesus had a new port, rather than that it was inherited from any past toponym.
254:
Marathesium was at the location of the port of Kuşadası, then it is probably under a closely-packed, much-valued city and as such may never be discovered.
320:
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Marathesium had something Ephesus did not, a harbor. The date of foundation of Ephesus is back in the bronze age under the Hittite state of
967:
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695:. Istanbul: The Koҫ University Stavros Niarchos Foundation Center for Late Antique and Byantine Studies (GABAM). pp. 107–108.
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Whether Stephanos means that Melia and Marathesium actually spoke Carian is not stated. Carian was a daughter language of
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the river, which was not very navigable by that time. At last the population deserted Ephesos in favor of New Ephesos.
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as ma-ra-tu-wo only strengthens the possibility that the toponyms were devised and assigned in the Bronze Age.
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209:, at the mouth of which it was placed, prograded to such an extent in parallel to the progradation of the
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691:
Külzer, Andreas (2021). "Harbor Cities as Interfaces of Maritime and Terrestrial Communication Systems".
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279:
Admiralty Chart No. 1546 of 1898. The coast of north Ionia can be read by expanding the top of the chart.
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655:"Holocene delta progradation in the eastern Mediterranean– case studies in their historical context"
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had a canal built around the now non-navigable river. By 200 AD all vestiges of the port were gone.
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567:, p. 152, "I therefore prefer today not to name the walled location of the Ambartepe."
388:. Marathesium was not within it. Before the Meliac War it was part of the vast holdings of
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898:
Rubinstein, Lene (2004). "Ionia". In Hanson, Mogens Herman; Nielson, Thomas Heine (eds.).
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These toponyms of the 13th century introduced a confusion in subsequent scholarship, as
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This map shows not only poleis of the Ionian League but dependent poleis as well.
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mainly of a large hill, or tepe, now the very center of Kuşadası. A statue of
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Keil, J. (1908). "Zur Topographie der ionischen Küste südlich von Ephesos".
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Hansen, M.H. (2004). "Introduction". In Hansen, M.H.; Nielsen, T.H. (eds.).
598:. Princeton University Press. p. 61, and directory notes accompanying.
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with any literary references. He identifies Scalanova with Turkish Cousada.
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behind it. The hill itself is outside the wall, as is described by Keil.
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917: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
225:. Ionian ascendancy then passed to the Ionian cites still on the ocean:
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Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien
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2902:
2887:
2872:
2832:
2709:
2664:
2629:
2619:
2614:
2564:
2489:
2479:
2384:
2379:
2364:
2349:
2334:
2294:
2284:
2239:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2109:
2054:
2034:
2004:
1979:
1934:
1929:
1884:
1849:
1794:
1749:
1669:
1614:
1604:
1589:
1569:
1559:
1544:
1394:
1384:
1304:
1294:
1269:
1259:
1214:
1109:
1084:
1079:
1049:
1019:
799:
Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Ionia".
453:
449:
413:
409:
291:
located before the mouth of the Cayster, was still free of silt.
226:
195:
187:
175:
452:; but at some time they made an exchange, and, giving it to the
7006:
6991:
6886:
6876:
6766:
6761:
6741:
6721:
6711:
6696:
6646:
6476:
6411:
6391:
6356:
6250:
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6075:
6070:
5995:
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5910:
5890:
5885:
5870:
5720:
5715:
5620:
5600:
5547:
5537:
5507:
5492:
5477:
5417:
5342:
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5217:
5157:
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5122:
4812:
4712:
4692:
4662:
4557:
4307:
4287:
4277:
4159:
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4086:
4071:
4031:
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3996:
3981:
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3881:
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3796:
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3756:
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3635:
3625:
3590:
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3415:
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3202:
3187:
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3097:
3067:
3047:
2992:
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2892:
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2797:
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2609:
2554:
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2504:
2449:
2429:
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2409:
2359:
2354:
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2309:
2304:
2234:
2229:
2199:
2149:
2079:
2064:
2009:
1984:
1919:
1894:
1889:
1879:
1869:
1834:
1804:
1799:
1784:
1574:
1564:
1539:
1494:
1479:
1439:
1424:
1404:
1364:
1324:
1319:
1284:
1264:
1234:
1114:
1074:
1064:
942:
774:
543:, p. 136, Figure 92 Die ionische Küste südlich von Ephesos
405:
397:
385:
360:
316:
222:
214:
202:
69:
676:
International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (2007).
7091:
7086:
6866:
6666:
6616:
6586:
6521:
6371:
6265:
6260:
6220:
6055:
6015:
5745:
5695:
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4912:
4877:
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3157:
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3077:
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2684:
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2369:
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2169:
2114:
2024:
2019:
1789:
1774:
1764:
1729:
1724:
1634:
1594:
1554:
1499:
1349:
1344:
1229:
1104:
381:
284:
230:
191:
167:
743:(1). The American School of Classical Studies at Athens: 31.
6841:
6756:
6396:
6095:
6060:
5920:
5517:
5177:
5112:
4547:
4227:
3242:
2624:
2159:
1769:
296:
218:
295:
their now river-port. They dredged the region frequently.
4109:
724:. Vol. 3. Lyon: Anisson et Posuel. pp. 402–404.
352:
190:
after Melia had been defeated in the Meliac War, then of
35:
659:
Méditerranée: Revue géographique des pays méditerranéens
343:
Pitton de Tournefort's Scalanova not long prior to 1717.
40:
The first hypothesis of the first modern investigator,
902:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1053–1107.
347:
The question is not a new one. In 1717 the botanist,
194:, by lawsuit based on its occupation, and finally of
883:
Forschungen und Ausgrabungen in der Mykale 2001–2006
717:
718:Pitton de Tournefort, Joseph (1717). "Lettre XII".
443:
463:
982:
7109:
555:, p. 145, Figure 97 Marathesion von Südost.
423:. The fact that the name of this herb occurs in
588:
283:Pseudo-Skylax lists Marathesion as a place in
4528:Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus
968:
595:Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
900:An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis
857:An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis
801:An inventory of archaic and classical poleis
476:between the years 443/2 and 415/4 BCE.
693:Space and Communities in Byzantine Anatolia
618:
4523:Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus
975:
961:
922:
897:
528:
310:
198:by a treaty involving the swap of cities.
847:
642:Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, §M431.16
582:
524:
522:
336:settlement of the population of Ephesus.
270:
652:
338:
274:
929:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
880:
705:
637:
635:
576:
472:since it appears in tribute records of
7110:
853:
792:
690:
653:Brückner, Helmut; et al. (2005).
519:
492:
956:
734:
867:
632:
564:
552:
540:
6952:Antioch in Mesopotamia (Constantia)
5073:Neapolis on the Thracian Chersonese
372:
213:that Ephesus was left inland, like
13:
926:, ed. (1854–1857). "Marathesium".
885:(Report) (in German). ResearchGate
863:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
773:
328:Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
14:
7149:
7123:Former populated places in Turkey
7118:Populated places in ancient Ionia
936:
753:
625:Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire
941:
912:
444:Disposition after the Meliac War
50:
34:
832:
821:
785:Page numbers refer to those of
767:
747:
728:
711:
699:
684:
680:. UNESCO World Heritage Center.
669:
646:
498:
464:Membership in the Delian League
261:
132:Melia, then Samos, then Ephesos
3782:Metropolis in northern Phrygia
2105:Metropolis in southern Phrygia
907:
721:Relation d'un Voyage du Levant
612:
570:
558:
546:
534:
486:
1:
984:Ancient settlements in Turkey
512:
7128:Members of the Delian League
3013:Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia
839:Athenian Tribute Lists, §290
828:Athenian Tribute Lists, §269
430:It is also mentioned in the
178:, which was a member of the
7:
6922:Zephyrium on the Calycadnus
5766:Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing
2280:Panormus near Halicarnassus
678:Ephesus (Turkey) No 1018new
456:, receiving in return the
349:Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
10:
7154:
4268:Apollonia on the Rhyndacus
367:
163:
7138:History of Aydın Province
6930:
6822:Tetrapyrgia in Cappadocia
5556:
5068:Neapolis on the Bosphorus
4168:
4095:
3286:
2768:
1275:Bargasa in northern Caria
990:
448:The town belonged to the
433:Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax
141:
136:
128:
120:
112:
75:
61:
49:
33:
24:
6827:Tetrapyrgia in Pamphylia
6031:Hadrianopolis in Pisidia
3616:Hadrianopolis in Phrygia
3273:Zephyrium in Paphlagonia
2050:Magnesia on the Maeander
479:
28:Μαραθήσιος (city-ethnic)
6957:Apamea on the Euphrates
6542:Philadelphia in Cilicia
5946:Dalisandus in Pamphylia
4518:Chelae on the Black Sea
2720:Tripolis on the Meander
1205:Astyra near Adramyttium
1125:Antioch on the Maeander
805:Oxford University Press
783:. Vol. xiv. p.639.
468:It was a member of the
311:Scribal error in Strabo
97:37.829287°N 27.254483°E
7062:Seleucia at the Zeugma
5681:Aphrodisias of Cilicia
5666:Antioch on the Pyramis
5646:Antioch on the Orontes
4223:Aianteion in the Troad
3213:Sebastopolis in Pontus
932:. London: John Murray.
881:Lohmann, Hans (2007).
848:Reference bibliography
400:, the language of the
378:Stephanus of Byzantium
344:
280:
271:The Ephesus connection
174:on the coast south of
6947:Antioch in the Taurus
6652:Seleucia in Pamphylia
5941:Dalisandus in Isauria
5661:Antioch on the Cragus
4648:Dascylium in Bithynia
3178:Pteria in Paphlagonia
2465:Sebastopolis in Caria
2330:Philadelphia in Lydia
2275:Panormus near Miletus
1940:Laodicea on the Lycus
1255:Aureliopolis in Lydia
950:at Wikimedia Commons
342:
278:
221:on the other side of
26:Μαραθήσιον (toponym),
16:Town of ancient Ionia
7032:Nicopolis in Cilicia
6912:Zenopolis in Isauria
6006:Eudocias (Pamphylia)
5876:Comana in Cappadocia
5513:Tricomia in Bithynia
4798:Helenopolis/Drepanum
3581:Eudocia (Cappadocia)
2908:Comana in the Pontus
2535:Stratonicea in Caria
2530:Stratonicea in Lydia
2215:Nysa on the Maeander
1520:Dios Hieron in Lydia
1515:Dios Hieron in Ionia
1225:Atarneus sub Pitanem
1210:Astyra near Pergamon
211:Büyük Menderes River
207:Küçük Menderes River
102:37.829287; 27.254483
6417:Neapolis in Pisidia
6241:Limnae in Pamphylia
5901:Corycus (Kızkalesi)
4763:Hadriani ad Olympum
4698:Drizipara/Drusipara
4653:Dekaton in Bithynia
4218:Aianteion in Thrace
2100:Metropolis in Lydia
2045:Magnesia ad Sipylum
402:Anatolian Languages
93: /
21:
7002:Hallan Çemi Tepesi
6917:Zenopolis in Lycia
5686:Apollonia in Lycia
5651:Antioch of Pisidia
5606:Anabura in Pisidia
5463:Tarsus in Bithynia
4958:Limnae in Bithynia
2898:Colonia in Armenia
2460:Sebaste in Phrygia
1685:Heraclea in Aeolis
1680:Heraclea at Latmus
1145:Apollonia Salbaces
1140:Apollonia in Mysia
760:Naturalis Historia
421:Foeniculum vulgare
345:
281:
145:Republic of Turkey
19:
7105:
7104:
6807:Telmessos (Caria)
6246:Limnae in Pisidia
6106:Isinda in Pisidia
5656:Antiochia Lamotis
4708:Elaea in Bithynia
4658:Dekaton in Thrace
3737:Laodicea Combusta
3621:Heraclea Cybistra
3586:Eudocia (Phrygia)
3173:Prusias ad Hypium
2395:Polichne in Ionia
2390:Polichna in Ionia
1960:Larissa Phrikonis
1690:Heraclea in Lydia
1130:Apamea in Phrygia
946:Media related to
763:. Vol. 5.31.
605:978-0-691-03169-9
149:
148:
129:Satellite of
7145:
6557:Phoenix in Lycia
6296:Malus in Pisidia
5971:Elaiussa Sebaste
4963:Limnae in Thrace
4628:Daphne Mainomene
4493:Cenon Gallicanon
4233:Alexandria Troas
4097:Eastern Anatolia
3772:Malus in Phrygia
3767:Malus in Galatia
3288:Central Anatolia
3078:Laodicea Pontica
3043:Hüseyindede Tepe
3023:Heraclea Pontica
2650:Thebe Hypoplakia
2340:Phoenix in Caria
2060:Maionia in Lydia
1695:Heraclea Salbace
1250:Aurelia Neapolis
1155:Apollonos Hieron
977:
970:
963:
954:
953:
945:
933:
916:
915:
903:
894:
892:
890:
877:
864:
862:
841:
836:
830:
825:
819:
818:
807:. p. 1082.
796:
790:
784:
771:
765:
764:
751:
745:
744:
732:
726:
725:
715:
709:
703:
697:
696:
688:
682:
681:
673:
667:
666:
650:
644:
639:
630:
629:
616:
610:
609:
586:
580:
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
544:
538:
532:
526:
506:
502:
496:
490:
404:group spoken by
373:The Carian issue
165:
108:
107:
105:
104:
103:
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
54:
38:
22:
18:
7153:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7133:Samian colonies
7108:
7107:
7106:
7101:
6933:
6926:
6662:Seleucia Sidera
6657:Seleucia Pieria
6101:Isinda in Lycia
6001:Eudocia (Lycia)
5896:Corycium Antrum
5552:
5413:Serrion Teichos
5173:Pegae in Thrace
4928:Larisa in Troad
4368:Basilica Therma
4338:Astyra in Troad
4164:
4140:Justinianopolis
4091:
3666:Kaman-Kalehöyük
3346:Aquae Saravenae
3282:
2764:
2455:Satala in Lydia
1955:Larisa in Lydia
1950:Larisa in Ionia
1945:Larisa in Caria
1865:Kleros Politike
1795:Isinda in Ionia
986:
981:
939:
913:
910:
888:
886:
860:
850:
845:
844:
837:
833:
826:
822:
815:
797:
793:
772:
768:
752:
748:
733:
729:
716:
712:
704:
700:
689:
685:
674:
670:
651:
647:
640:
633:
620:Lund University
617:
613:
606:
590:Richard Talbert
587:
583:
575:
571:
563:
559:
551:
547:
539:
535:
529:Rubinstein 2004
527:
520:
515:
510:
509:
503:
499:
491:
487:
482:
466:
446:
438:Pliny the Elder
375:
370:
313:
273:
264:
116:Dependent polis
101:
99:
95:
92:
87:
84:
82:
80:
79:
57:
45:
29:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7151:
7141:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6962:Carcathiocerta
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6938:
6936:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6597:Pseudokorasion
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
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5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5238:Pitheci Portus
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5213:Phidalia Petra
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5168:Pegae in Mysia
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4773:Hadrianotherae
4770:
4765:
4760:
4758:Germanicopolis
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
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4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
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4525:
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4515:
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4505:
4500:
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4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
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4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4318:Artaiouteichos
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4155:Theodosiopolis
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4042:Thouththourbia
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
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3879:
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3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
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3628:
3623:
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3598:
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3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
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3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
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3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3316:Anastasiopolis
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
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3185:
3180:
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3170:
3165:
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3155:
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3145:
3140:
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3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
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3075:
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3065:
3060:
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3015:
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2607:
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2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1875:Koddinou Petra
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
994:
988:
987:
980:
979:
972:
965:
957:
938:
937:External links
935:
924:Smith, William
909:
906:
905:
904:
895:
878:
865:
849:
846:
843:
842:
831:
820:
813:
791:
787:Isaac Casaubon
766:
746:
727:
710:
698:
683:
668:
645:
631:
611:
604:
592:, ed. (2000).
581:
569:
557:
545:
533:
531:, p. 1082
517:
516:
514:
511:
508:
507:
497:
484:
483:
481:
478:
465:
462:
445:
442:
374:
371:
369:
366:
321:Strabo 14.1.20
312:
309:
272:
269:
263:
260:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
77:
73:
72:
66:Aydın Province
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
39:
31:
30:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7150:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
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7013:
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7000:
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6990:
6988:
6985:
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6855:
6853:
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6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6792:Tell Judaidah
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
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6763:
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6708:
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6658:
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6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
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6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6306:Mamure Castle
6304:
6302:
6301:Mampsoukrenai
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6091:Isaura Palaea
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
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5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5558:Mediterranean
5555:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5333:Pyrrhias Cyon
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4458:Caenophrurium
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:Basilinopolis
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:Baradendromia
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4258:Apamea Myrlea
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4238:Alopeconnesus
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3596:Faustinopolis
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:Abouadeineita
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:Garzoubanthon
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2760:Zingotos Kome
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Tlos in Caria
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2475:Side in Caria
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Meiros Megale
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:Maeandropolis
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:Kaymakçı Tepe
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1715:Hierocaesarea
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Halicarnassus
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Dionysiopolis
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
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6997:Göbekli Tepe
6932:Southeastern
6797:Tell Tayinat
6492:Panemotichus
6121:Juliosebaste
5861:Claudiopolis
5856:Cibyra Mikra
5636:Ano Kotradis
5483:Tesderamoska
5363:Rouphinianai
5193:Pericharaxis
5058:Nausimachion
4873:Katapaspanas
4683:Didymateiche
4383:Bathys Limen
4353:Aureliopolis
4047:Tiberiopolis
3952:Sadagolthina
3631:Hieropotamon
3551:Dometiopolis
3486:Comitanassus
3426:Binbirkilise
3421:Bathys Rhyax
3336:Antoniopolis
3301:Alişar Hüyük
3163:Pompeiopolis
2858:Callistratia
2778:Abonoteichos
2705:Trapezopolis
2700:Traianopolis
2069:
1700:Hermocapelia
1240:Augustopolis
1180:Arcadiopolis
940:
927:
911:
899:
887:. Retrieved
873:
869:
856:
834:
823:
803:. New York:
800:
794:
789:'s edition.
778:
769:
758:
749:
740:
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708:, p. 82
706:Lohmann 2007
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577:Lohmann 2007
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560:
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386:Mount Mycale
376:
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289:
282:
265:
262:Localization
256:
247:
243:
235:
200:
155:
151:
150:
121:Part of
7027:Nevalı Çori
6852:Tragalassus
6682:Serraepolis
6607:Rhodiapolis
6527:Perminounda
6517:Pednelissus
6487:Palaeopolis
6377:Moron Hydor
6146:Karakabaklı
6131:Kalelibelen
6011:Flaviopolis
5961:Diocaesarea
5866:Colybrassus
5821:Carmylessus
5671:Antiphellus
5368:Salmydessus
5308:Proconnesus
5078:Neonteichos
5003:Miletopolis
4858:Kalos Agros
4833:Ilieon Kome
4543:Chrysopolis
4303:Argyropolis
4263:Aphrodisias
4208:Aegospotami
4120:Cafer Höyük
4077:Verinopolis
3957:Salamboreia
3912:Pillitokome
3656:Isauropolis
3541:Diocaesarea
3456:Carus Vicus
3391:Aspenzinsos
3371:Ariaramneia
3143:Philocaleia
3103:Naustathmus
3038:Hieron Oros
2813:Anticinolis
2793:Alaca Höyük
2605:Temenothyra
2405:Pordoselene
2265:Palaeopolis
2260:Palaemyndus
2195:Neonteichos
2070:Marathesium
1755:Hypokremnos
1485:Dareioukome
1360:Carmylessus
1290:Beycesultan
1135:Aphrodisias
1030:Adramyttium
948:Marathesium
908:Attribution
780:Geographica
665:: Figure 2.
493:Hansen 2004
156:Marathesion
152:Marathesium
100: /
76:Coordinates
20:Marathesium
7112:Categories
7072:Sultantepe
6967:Carchemish
6872:Tyberissus
6832:Titiopolis
6777:Tardequeia
6692:Sibidounda
6632:Sagalassos
6562:Pisarissos
6382:Moumoustra
6367:Mopsuestia
6362:Mopsucrene
6352:Mezgitkale
6211:Kynosarion
6086:Isaura Nea
6081:Irenopolis
6046:Hierapolis
5916:Cretopolis
5891:Coracesium
5806:Callimache
5488:Tetrakomia
5433:Smintheion
5383:Scamandrus
5378:Scamandria
5313:Proochthoi
5288:Pratomysia
5278:Potamonion
5268:Polymedium
5258:Poleatikon
5253:Poemanenum
5228:Phosphorus
5203:Petrozetoi
5183:Pentephyle
5148:Pantichium
5103:Ophryneion
5053:Nausikleia
5033:Moukaporis
4993:Mantineion
4983:Lysimachia
4853:Kale Peuke
4803:Heracleium
4728:Ergasteria
4718:Elekosmioi
4533:Choiragria
4438:Burtudizon
4418:Blachernae
4298:Argyronion
4198:Ad Statuas
4193:Achilleion
4130:Citharizum
4115:Arsamosata
3942:Purushanda
3812:Moutalaske
3706:Kodylessos
3661:Juliopolis
3651:Irenopolis
3571:Ergobrotis
3506:Coropassus
3461:Çatalhöyük
3376:Ariarathia
3258:Yazılıkaya
3228:Themiscyra
3183:Salatiwara
3158:Polemonium
3083:Libiopolis
3058:Ischopolis
3033:Hermonassa
3028:Heracleium
2635:Teuthrania
2595:Teichiussa
2525:Stectorium
2500:Skolopoeis
2415:Prymnessus
2290:Parthenium
2090:Melampagos
2030:Lysimachia
1995:Leucophrys
1855:Klazomenai
1815:Kalabantia
1780:Ioniapolis
1710:Hieropolis
1705:Hierapolis
1490:Dideiphyta
1410:Chrysaoris
1340:Callipolis
513:References
186:, then of
164:Μαραθήσιον
137:Site notes
88:27°15′16″E
85:37°49′45″N
7042:Sakçagözü
7012:Khashshum
6907:Yumuktepe
6857:Trebendae
6837:Tityassus
6817:Termessos
6802:Telmessos
6787:Teimiussa
6747:Sozopolis
6642:Saraganda
6637:Sandalium
6612:Rhoscopus
6602:Ptolemais
6592:Prostanna
6552:Phoenicus
6497:Panhormus
6482:Padyandus
6432:Octapolis
6402:Myriandus
6342:Melanippe
6281:Magastara
6186:Kitanaura
6161:Kastellon
6141:Kanytelis
6126:Kalanthia
6066:Idebessos
6051:Hippucome
6021:Gözlükule
5986:Epiphania
5966:Domuztepe
5846:Charadrus
5831:Castabala
5711:Arnabanda
5691:Arabissus
5641:Antigonia
5631:Anemurium
5611:Anazarbus
5571:Acarassus
5566:Acalissus
5458:Tarpodizo
5443:Strobilos
5403:Selymbria
5358:Rhoiteion
5283:Praenetus
5263:Polychron
5208:Pharmakia
5198:Perinthus
5153:Parabolos
5118:Ostreodes
5098:Ontoraita
5088:Nicomedia
5063:Neandreia
5038:Myrileion
5023:Morzapena
5013:Mochadion
4998:Marpessos
4933:Lasthenes
4923:Lampsacus
4918:Lamponeia
4908:Kyparodes
4848:Kalasyrta
4788:Harpagion
4783:Hamaxitus
4768:Hadriania
4688:Diolkides
4643:Dascylium
4513:Charmidea
4503:Chalcedon
4488:Cenchreae
4448:Byzantium
4413:Bithynium
4348:Aureliane
4203:Adrasteia
4105:Altıntepe
4052:Trocmades
4027:Takourtha
4002:Sidamaria
3927:Pontanena
3877:Pedachtoë
3872:Parnassus
3832:Nazianzus
3762:Malandasa
3742:Laroumada
3732:Lamatorma
3561:Ecdaumava
3556:Dorylaeum
3526:Dadastana
3501:Corniaspa
3491:Congustus
3471:Ciscissus
3446:Camuliana
3366:Ardistama
3341:Anzoulada
3321:Andabalis
3311:Anadynata
3238:Timolaeum
3193:Sandaraca
3133:Pharnacia
3113:Nicopolis
2788:Aiginetes
2770:Black Sea
2730:Tyanollos
2680:Thyssanus
2675:Thymbrara
2645:Theangela
2640:Thasthara
2600:Telandrus
2585:Tateikome
2540:Strobilos
2400:Polybotus
2325:Perperene
2210:Nymphaeum
2180:Naulochus
2175:Naulochon
2145:Myloukome
2095:Meloukome
2000:Limantepe
1915:Labraunda
1745:Hyllarima
1665:Halisarna
1645:Gerriadai
1535:Doroukome
1470:Cyllandus
1400:Chalcetor
1310:Boukolion
1170:Aragokome
1150:Apollonis
1120:Antandrus
1035:Agatheira
1005:Abrostola
889:16 August
565:Keil 1908
553:Keil 1908
541:Keil 1908
454:Ephesians
142:Ownership
7052:Samosata
6934:Anatolia
6902:Yanıkhan
6892:Typallia
6882:Tymandus
6862:Trebenna
6847:Toriaeum
6772:Tapureli
6677:Seroiata
6627:Sabandus
6622:Rygmanoi
6577:Platanus
6567:Pisurgia
6532:Phaselis
6467:Orokenda
6422:Nephelis
6332:Mastaura
6321:Marciana
6231:Lebessus
6201:Korasion
6191:Kodroula
6176:Kiphisos
6151:Karatepe
5981:Emirzeli
5976:Elbessos
5906:Corydala
5836:Ceretapa
5816:Carallia
5801:Cadyanda
5791:Cabassus
5781:Bindaios
5741:Aspendos
5736:Arycanda
5731:Artanada
5701:Ariassus
5626:Andriaca
5616:Anchiale
5543:Utsurgae
5533:Tzurulum
5528:Tyrodiza
5522:Hisarlik
5498:Tragasai
5468:Tattaios
5453:Syllanta
5428:Sirkanos
5408:Semystra
5373:Sangarus
5338:Pytheion
5328:Psyllium
5248:Ploketta
5163:Paulines
5108:Orestias
5028:Mossynea
5008:Mocasura
4973:Lupadium
4903:Koubaita
4898:Kosilaos
4823:Iasonion
4808:Hermaion
4793:Hebdomon
4743:Gentinos
4733:Eribolum
4638:Dardanus
4618:Dacibyza
4613:Dadokome
4593:Crithote
4583:Crenides
4578:Cremaste
4563:Cocylium
4498:Chalcaea
4453:Byzapena
4428:Boradion
4403:Bisanthe
4378:Bathonea
4253:Anaplous
4188:Achaiion
4125:Camachus
4067:Tyriaeum
3987:Senzousa
3962:Salarama
3897:Pessinus
3867:Papirion
3862:Orcistus
3827:Nakoleia
3817:Musbanda
3802:Mokissos
3787:Midaeium
3747:Lauzadus
3723:(Kanesh)
3696:Kindyria
3691:Kilistra
3686:Kerkenes
3671:Kanotala
3566:Ecobriga
3531:Dasmenda
3521:Cyzistra
3516:Cybistra
3436:Borissos
3411:Balgatia
3406:Balbissa
3386:Artiknos
3361:Archalla
3248:Tripolis
3218:Stephane
3208:Saurania
3198:Sapinuwa
3153:Pimolisa
3138:Phazemon
3008:Gozalena
2978:Euchaita
2973:Erythini
2943:Cyptasia
2928:Crenides
2883:Chadisia
2863:Carambis
2803:Amastris
2783:Aegialus
2755:Zemmeana
2725:Troketta
2715:Triopium
2670:Thyatira
2545:Syangela
2485:Silandus
2445:Saouenda
2320:Pergamon
2300:Passanda
2270:Panasion
2245:Orthoisa
2225:Oenoanda
2190:Neapolis
2075:Mastaura
1970:Lasnedda
1925:Lalandos
1905:Kymnissa
1860:Kleimaka
1845:Kilaraza
1830:Kaualena
1825:Kasossos
1760:Hyrcanis
1740:Hygassos
1735:Hydissus
1720:Homadena
1655:Gryneium
1640:Gergitha
1630:Gambrium
1620:Euthenae
1610:Eumeneia
1600:Eukarpia
1585:Erythras
1580:Erythrae
1530:Docimium
1525:Dioskome
1465:Cybeleia
1460:Coryphas
1450:Colossae
1445:Colophon
1435:Clannuda
1430:Cisthene
1420:Cidramus
1415:Chytrium
1390:Celaenae
1380:Casystes
1375:Castabus
1370:Caryanda
1330:Bybassus
1315:Boutheia
1300:Blaundus
1280:Bargylia
1220:Atarneus
1200:Astragon
1195:Aspaneus
1175:Araukome
1165:Appolena
1095:Amynanda
1070:Allianoi
1055:Alabanda
1025:Acrassus
1015:Acharaca
1000:Abbassus
737:Hesperia
458:Neapolis
425:Linear B
239:Kuşadası
166:) was a
62:Location
7082:Tushhan
7057:Sareisa
7037:Nisibis
7022:Matiate
7017:Kussara
6987:Doliche
6977:Dabanas
6897:Xanthos
6812:Tenedos
6732:Siricae
6717:Sillyon
6707:Siderus
6672:Selinus
6582:Podalia
6572:Placoma
6547:Philaea
6537:Phellus
6507:Parlais
6502:Pargais
6472:Otanada
6462:Onobara
6452:Olympus
6407:Nagidos
6347:Meriana
6328:(Mnara)
6326:Marmara
6316:Mandane
6286:Magydus
6276:Magarsa
6271:Lysinia
6236:Legeita
6216:Laertes
6196:Kolbasa
6181:Kirkota
6156:Karkabo
6136:Kandyba
6116:Istlada
6041:Hamaxia
6026:Hacilar
5951:Damasei
5936:Daedala
5931:Cyrrhus
5926:Cyaneae
5841:Cestrus
5811:Calynda
5796:Cadrema
5771:Balbura
5761:Aunesis
5751:Augusta
5726:Arsinoe
5676:Aperlae
5596:Alalakh
5581:Adrasus
5503:Thynias
5423:Sigeion
5393:Scylace
5388:Scepsis
5353:Rhesion
5348:Rhegion
5323:Psarela
5303:Prindea
5298:Priapus
5273:Potamoi
5188:Percote
5138:Palodes
5048:Nassete
4988:Madytus
4953:Libyssa
4938:Leptoia
4893:Kolonai
4883:Kizoura
4843:Kalamos
4818:Hierion
4738:Gargara
4723:Embolos
4703:Eirakla
4668:Delphin
4633:Daphnus
4623:Damalis
4608:Cyzicus
4603:Cypsela
4598:Cypasis
4573:Colonae
4483:Cebrene
4473:Canopus
4443:Bythias
4408:Bitenas
4398:Birytis
4393:Bergule
4388:Beodizo
4343:Athyras
4333:Astacus
4323:Artanes
4293:Argyria
4283:Arbeila
4178:Abarnis
4170:Marmara
4150:Sugunia
4037:Thebasa
4017:Soandos
4007:Skandos
3992:Sereana
3972:Savatra
3857:Olosada
3807:Mourisa
3727:Lageina
3721:Kültepe
3681:Keissia
3676:Karbala
3646:Ilistra
3611:Gordium
3606:Gorbeus
3576:Euaissa
3511:Cotenna
3481:Claneus
3466:Cimiata
3451:Candara
3431:Blucium
3356:Arasaxa
3331:Anniaca
3306:Amblada
3278:Ziporea
3268:Zaliche
3263:Zagorus
3253:Virasia
3233:Thymena
3223:Syderos
3093:Metroon
3088:Lillium
3073:Kimista
3018:Hattusa
3003:Gaziura
2988:Gadilon
2968:Endeira
2958:Diacopa
2948:Cytorus
2918:Cordyle
2913:Coralla
2903:Colussa
2888:Cinolis
2878:Cerasus
2873:Carussa
2868:Carissa
2833:Berissa
2828:Athenae
2818:Argyria
2750:Uranium
2710:Trarium
2665:Thyaira
2630:Termera
2620:Tendeba
2615:Tempsis
2565:Synnada
2490:Sillyos
2480:Sidussa
2420:Pteleum
2385:Plarasa
2380:Pladasa
2365:Pisilis
2350:Phyteia
2345:Physcus
2335:Phocaea
2295:Passala
2285:Parsada
2250:Ortygia
2240:Oroanna
2140:Motella
2135:Mostene
2130:Mossyna
2125:Mokolda
2120:Mobolla
2110:Miletus
2055:Maiboza
2035:Madnasa
2005:Lobolda
1980:Lebedus
1965:Larymna
1935:Lankena
1930:Lamyana
1900:Kyllene
1885:Korakoe
1850:Kildara
1750:Hypaepa
1670:Harpasa
1615:Euromus
1605:Euhippe
1590:Etsyena
1570:Ephesus
1560:Embatum
1545:Eiokome
1505:Dioclea
1395:Ceramus
1385:Cedreae
1305:Bonitai
1295:Birgena
1270:Bargasa
1260:Aurokra
1215:Astyria
1110:Anineta
1085:Amorium
1080:Amnista
1050:Aizanoi
1020:Acmonia
921::
450:Samians
436:and by
414:Miletus
410:Ephesos
368:Sources
227:Miletus
196:Ephesus
188:Miletus
176:Ephesus
42:J. Keil
7097:Zeugma
7047:Sam'al
7007:Harran
6992:Edessa
6972:Çayönü
6887:Tynada
6877:Tyinda
6782:Tarsus
6767:Takina
6762:Syedra
6742:Solyma
6722:Simena
6712:Sidyma
6697:Sibyla
6647:Sebeda
6617:Rhosus
6512:Patara
6477:Ouerbe
6457:Öküzlü
6442:Olbasa
6412:Nauloi
6392:Mylios
6357:Moatra
6311:Manava
6291:Mallus
6251:Limyra
6171:Kibyra
6166:Keraia
6076:Iotape
6071:Idyros
5996:Etenna
5991:Erymna
5911:Cremna
5886:Conana
5871:Comama
5721:Arsada
5716:Arneae
5621:Andeda
5601:Amelas
5548:Zeleia
5538:Urisio
5508:Traron
5493:Tipaso
5478:Terbos
5418:Sestos
5398:Scylla
5343:Rhebas
5243:Placia
5233:Pionia
5223:Philia
5218:Phiela
5158:Parium
5143:Panion
5133:Paesus
5123:Pactya
5083:Nerola
4863:Kampos
4813:Hieria
4778:Halone
4748:Gergis
4713:Elaeus
4693:Drabus
4663:Delkos
4588:Cressa
4558:Cobrys
4553:Clitae
4538:Chryse
4508:Charax
4478:Cardia
4463:Callum
4433:Brunca
4313:Artace
4308:Arisba
4288:Argiza
4278:Apsoda
4248:Amycus
4183:Abydos
4160:Tushpa
4135:Dadima
4087:Zizima
4072:Vasada
4032:Tavium
4012:Soanda
3997:Sibora
3982:Sedasa
3967:Sasima
3947:Pyrgoi
3937:Pteria
3932:Posala
3922:Pithoi
3917:Pissia
3907:Phlara
3902:Pharax
3882:Pedaia
3852:Ochras
3837:Nitazi
3822:Myrika
3797:Mnizus
3792:Mistea
3757:Lystra
3752:Limnae
3711:Korama
3701:Kobara
3636:Homana
3626:Herpha
3591:Eulepa
3441:Campae
3416:Barate
3401:Atenia
3381:Armaxa
3351:Aralla
3203:Satala
3188:Samuha
3168:Potami
3128:Patara
3123:Oxinas
3098:Mokata
3068:Kelesa
3048:Hyssus
2993:Garius
2983:Eusene
2963:Elaeus
2938:Cromna
2933:Cromen
2923:Cratia
2893:Cizari
2848:Cabira
2838:Bonita
2823:Armene
2798:Amasia
2740:Tymnos
2735:Tymion
2695:Tomara
2655:Thebes
2610:Temnos
2580:Tabala
2560:Syneta
2555:Synaus
2550:Symbra
2520:Stadia
2505:Smyrna
2450:Sardis
2440:Pyrrha
2435:Pyrnus
2430:Pygela
2425:Pydnae
2410:Priene
2375:Pitane
2360:Pinara
2355:Pidasa
2315:Pepuza
2310:Peltae
2305:Pedasa
2235:Olymos
2230:Olaeis
2205:Notion
2200:Nisyra
2155:Myrina
2150:Myndus
2115:Mylasa
2080:Meiros
2065:Malene
2010:Loryma
1990:Leucae
1985:Leimon
1975:Latmus
1920:Lagina
1895:Kouara
1890:Koresa
1880:Koraia
1870:Knidos
1835:Kaunos
1820:Kasara
1805:Kadyie
1800:Iskome
1785:Ioudda
1650:Glauke
1625:Euxine
1575:Erines
1565:Emoddi
1540:Eibeos
1495:Didyma
1480:Daldis
1455:Conium
1440:Claros
1425:Cindye
1405:Choria
1365:Carura
1355:Carene
1325:Bruzus
1320:Briula
1285:Beudos
1265:Bageis
1235:Attuda
1185:Arilla
1115:Annaea
1100:Amyzon
1075:Almura
1065:Alinda
992:Aegean
811:
775:Strabo
602:
474:Athens
406:Arzawa
398:Luwian
361:Franks
317:Strabo
223:Mycale
215:Priene
203:Arzawa
70:Turkey
7092:Urshu
7087:Urima
7077:Tille
7067:Sitai
6942:Amida
6867:Trysa
6727:Sinda
6667:Selge
6587:Pogla
6522:Perga
6447:Olbia
6387:Mylae
6372:Morka
6337:Meloë
6266:Lyrbe
6261:Lycae
6256:Lissa
6226:Lamos
6221:Lagbe
6206:Korma
6111:Issus
6056:Holmi
6036:Halae
6016:Gagae
5881:Comba
5851:Choma
5826:Casae
5786:Bubon
5776:Baris
5756:Aulae
5746:Augai
5706:Arima
5696:Araxa
5591:Agrae
5586:Aegae
5576:Adada
5473:Tenba
5448:Sykai
5318:Prusa
5293:Prepa
5128:Paeon
5043:Narco
5018:Modra
4978:Lygos
4968:Linus
4948:Libum
4943:Liada
4913:Kypra
4888:Koila
4878:Kepos
4868:Kassa
4838:Kabia
4753:Germa
4673:Deris
4568:Colla
4468:Calpe
4423:Bolos
4363:Baris
4328:Assos
4273:Aprus
4243:Ammoi
4228:Ainos
4213:Agora
4145:Melid
4082:Zeita
4062:Tynna
4057:Tyana
3977:Sbida
3892:Perta
3887:Peium
3847:Nyssa
3777:Meloë
3716:Koron
3601:Germa
3546:Doara
3536:Derbe
3496:Corna
3476:Cinna
3396:Astra
3326:Anisa
3118:Ophis
3108:Nerik
3063:Karza
3053:Ibora
2853:Cales
2808:Ancon
2685:Tisna
2660:Thera
2575:Tabae
2570:Syrna
2515:Spore
2470:Setae
2370:Pisye
2255:Otrus
2185:Naxia
2170:Nasos
2025:Lyrna
2020:Lydae
2015:Lunda
1810:Kaira
1790:Ipsus
1775:Idyma
1765:Iasos
1730:Hydas
1725:Hydai
1675:Helos
1635:Gerga
1595:Euaza
1555:Eluza
1550:Elaea
1500:Digda
1350:Canae
1345:Caloe
1245:Aulae
1230:Attea
1190:Aroma
1160:Appia
1105:Anaua
1045:Airai
1040:Aegae
861:(PDF)
755:Pliny
480:Notes
390:Melia
382:Caria
285:Lydia
231:Samos
192:Samos
184:Melia
168:polis
124:Ionia
6982:Dara
6842:Tlos
6757:Syca
6752:Sura
6737:Soli
6702:Side
6437:Olba
6427:Nisa
6397:Myra
6096:Isba
6061:Hyia
5956:Dias
5921:Crya
5518:Troy
5438:Soka
5178:Pege
5113:Orni
4678:Desa
4548:Cius
4022:Sora
3842:Nora
3641:Hyde
3243:Tium
3148:Pida
2843:Boon
2625:Teos
2590:Taza
2495:Sion
2220:Odon
2165:Nais
2160:Myus
1770:Iaza
1475:Cyme
1335:Cadi
1090:Amos
1060:Alia
891:2023
809:ISBN
600:ISBN
412:and
333:Anea
297:Nero
229:and
219:Myus
217:and
113:Type
6687:Sia
5093:Oka
4828:Ide
4110:Ani
2953:Dia
2745:Ula
2510:Soa
1910:Kys
663:104
440:.
384:is
353:col
170:of
154:or
7114::
874:11
777:.
757:.
741:88
739:.
661:.
657:.
634:^
622:.
521:^
460:.
233:.
162::
68:,
5524:)
5520:(
976:e
969:t
962:v
893:.
876:.
817:.
628:.
608:.
158:(
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