443:, against al-Mada'in. The Abbasid troops captured the city two days later, after a fiercely fought battle that lasted through the day and was renewed on the next day. Apprised of the fall of al-Mada'in, Abu'l-Saraya ordered the retreat from Nahr Sarsar to Qasr Ibn Hubayra on the night of 7/8 June. Harthama pursued him and defeated him at Qasr Ibn Hubayra, forcing the rebels to fall back to Kufa. Back in the city, Abu'l-Saraya and his men ransacked the houses of the local members of the Abbasid clan and expelled their followers from the city. Harthama defeated Abu'l-Saraya's forces at Qaryat Shahi outside Kufa, while Ali ibn Abi Sa'id, recaptured Wasit and moved against Basra.
404:, sent to Mecca, hesitated to enter the city due to the presence of an Abbasid garrison in the city that accompanied the annual Hajj pilgrimage. However, the Abbasid governor, Dawud ibn Isa, was also reluctant to confront the rebels and shed blood in the sacred city, even while the local garrison commander, Masrur al-Kabir, favoured confronting them. In the end, Dawud ibn Isa abandoned the city with part of the Abbasids' followers, and Masrur al-Kabir, his forces depleted and fearful of the pilgrims joining the rebels, followed within days. Husayn ibn Hasan al-Aftas and his small entourage entered the city on the
358:, but at the same time, another Abbasid army of 4,000 cavalry under Abdus ibn Muhammad was sent against Kufa by al-Hasan ibn Sahl. On 3 March, Abu'l-Saraya defeated Abdus, who fell in battle. His men were either killed or taken prisoner. On the news of this, Ibn al-Musayyab withdrew further north, to Nahr al-Malik, while Abu'l-Saraya led his own troops to Qasr Ibn Hubayra.
58:
drove them back to Kufa in a series of victories. Forced to abandon Kufa in late August, Abu'l-Saraya and his followers tried to flee, but were pursued, defeated, and captured. Abu'l-Saraya himself was executed at
Baghdad on 18 October. The uprising continued in the
326:
in
January 815. Ibn Tabataba's role in the revolt was only as a figurehead, while actual power rested with Abu'l-Saraya. Indeed, modern scholars suggest that Abu'l-Saraya was not motivated by pro-Alid zeal, but merely saw the Alids as a tool to gain power.
152:
432:, and even onwards to Nahr Sarsar, just south of Baghdad. There Harthama arrived with his own forces, and confronted the rebel army across the canal linking the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
480:
In Mecca, the Alid regime survived for several months. After news of Abu'l-Saraya's fate reached the city, Husayn ibn Hasan al-Aftas and his confederates acclaimed the widely respected
378:
343:
145:
925:
331:
446:
Bereft of local support, Abu'l-Saraya and his followers had to abandon Kufa on the night of 26/27 August 815. With 800 followers on horse, Abu'l-Saraya made for
138:
905:
461:
and handed over to al-Hasan ibn Sahl. He was executed by decapitation at
Baghdad on 18 October 815, and his body hung on public display at the bridge over the
365:
with the inscription "God loves those who fight in His way in ranks, as though they were a building well-compacted", and sent his followers to occupy
940:
803:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXII: The Reunification of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphate of al-Maʾmūn, A.D. 813–33/A.H. 198–213
915:
945:
473:
Basra, the last bastion of the Alid revolt in Iraq, was captured by Ali ibn Abi Sa'id, ending the reign of terror its Alid governor,
930:
424:
The rebels now threatened
Baghdad itself, forcing al-Hasan ibn Sahl to seek the assistance of Harthama, who was on his way to
811:
920:
851:
484:
as caliph on 13 November 815. He ruled in Mecca until
January 16, when his forces were defeated by the Abbasid general
457:
Wounded, Abu'l-Saraya and a handful of his remaining followers tried to make for Ras al-Ayn, but they were captured at
428:. After initial reluctance, he agreed and returned to Baghdad. Learning of this, in April/May Abu'l-Saraya advanced to
270:
492:
and for a few months clashed with the
Abbasid troops, until they surrendered against a promise of pardon in July 816.
290:
900:
252:
481:
285:
64:
834:
401:
400:, who was sent to Medina, was successful and took the city without opposition. Husayn ibn Hasan al-Aftas ibn
330:
The uprising was initially successful, and on 14 February 815, the rebels defeated the
Abbasid troops under
92:
910:
890:
409:
242:
830:
338:, had sent against them. On the next day, Ibn Tabataba died—poisoned by Abu'l-Saraya, according to
474:
485:
311:, but on the way rose on revolt. He defeated the Abbasid troops sent against him, and with the
209:
935:
806:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
199:
120:
55:
440:
397:
204:
8:
895:
280:
275:
237:
42:
in 815. The revolt spread quickly across southern Iraq, and his agents even took over
869:
865:
807:
335:
189:
130:
31:
861:
822:
355:
247:
377:. At Wasit, Abu'l-Saraya's men scored another victory against the local governor,
801:
846:
838:
797:
295:
220:
884:
873:
842:
826:
429:
405:
214:
119:, he initially sided with the former, and fought against al-Ma'mun's general
39:
462:
315:
257:
230:
184:
116:
108:
84:
436:
225:
179:
104:
174:
80:
488:. Muhammad and his remaining followers withdrew to the shores of the
451:
339:
194:
425:
100:
489:
382:
112:
96:
51:
549:
458:
393:
362:
88:
47:
388:
Abu'l-Saraya also sent other Alids as his agents to take over
413:
389:
374:
370:
366:
319:
68:
60:
43:
27:
468:
447:
354:
The
Abbasid commander, Zuhayr ibn al-Musayyab, withdrew to
323:
312:
308:
35:
23:
775:
763:
751:
691:
667:
643:
477:, had unleashed on the supporters of the Abbasids there.
631:
621:
619:
606:
604:
602:
600:
585:
561:
539:
537:
739:
87:
chieftain Hani ibn
Qabisah, but is said to have been a
79:
Abu'l-Saraya's early life is obscure. His hometown was
71:, until this too was suppressed by the Abbasid troops.
727:
715:
703:
679:
655:
524:
160:
91:
driver and a bandit, before he entered the service of
616:
597:
573:
534:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
435:Harthama moved against the rebels on the day after
501:
450:. There he was defeated by the local governor of
882:
926:9th-century executions by the Abbasid Caliphate
823:"Abu 'l-Sarāyā al-Sarī b. Manṣūr al-S̲h̲aybānī"
103:. Under Yazid's command, he fought against the
307:After a while, he obtained leave to go to the
906:9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
419:
146:
342:, although this is likely a fabrication—and
361:Following his victory, Abu'l-Saraya minted
83:, and claimed descent from the pre-Islamic
50:. At one point, the rebels threatened even
20:Abu'l-Sarāyā al-Sarī ibn Manṣūr al-Shaybānī
852:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
153:
139:
860:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 149–150.
349:
796:
781:
769:
757:
733:
721:
709:
697:
685:
673:
661:
649:
637:
625:
610:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
469:Endgame of the revolt in Basra and Mecca
16:9th-century rebel of Abbasid government
883:
396:. Muhammad ibn Sulayman ibn Dawud ibn
408:(21 June). From Mecca, another Alid,
334:, that al-Ma'mun's governor of Iraq,
134:
820:
745:
528:
412:, set out and took over rule of the
13:
941:People from Al-Hasakah Governorate
439:(15 May), sending his lieutenant,
14:
957:
916:Rebels from the Abbasid Caliphate
126:
946:Iraq under the Abbasid Caliphate
866:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0249
243:Revolt of Muhammad the Pure Soul
26:18 October 815) was leader of a
931:People executed by decapitation
454:, al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Ma'muni.
344:Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Zayd
200:Revolt of Yazid b. al-Muhallab
1:
495:
402:Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
379:Abdallah ibn Sa'id al-Harashi
291:Kharijite Rebellion (866–896)
482:Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq
346:was made imam in his stead.
93:Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani
65:Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq
7:
10:
962:
921:People of the Fourth Fitna
790:
420:Defeat, capture, and death
410:Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Kadhim
205:Revolt of Harith b. Surayj
123:, before switching sides.
54:, but the Abbasid general
170:
381:, who had to retreat to
253:Qays–Yaman war (793–796)
190:Revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath
901:9th-century Arab people
821:Gibb, H. A. R. (1960).
558:, p. 13 (note 16).
475:Zayd ibn Musa al-Kadhim
74:
63:for a few months under
486:Ishaq ibn Musa ibn Isa
350:Spread of the uprising
332:Zuhayr ibn al-Musayyab
322:-inspired uprising in
210:Revolt of Zayd b. Ali
398:al-Hasan al-Muthanna
164:the early Caliphates
748:, pp. 149–150.
385:with heavy losses.
195:Revolt of al-Ashdaq
30:revolt against the
911:9th-century Zaydis
891:8th-century births
835:Lévi-Provençal, E.
281:Anarchy at Samarra
276:Bashmurian revolts
238:Abbasid Revolution
121:Harthama ibn A'yan
67:as anti-caliph at
56:Harthama ibn A'yan
813:978-0-88706-058-8
784:, pp. 28–37.
772:, pp. 26–27.
760:, pp. 25–27.
700:, pp. 18–19.
676:, pp. 17–18.
652:, pp. 28–29.
640:, pp. 19–22.
594:, pp. 15–16.
570:, pp. 14–15.
441:Ali ibn Abi Sa'id
336:al-Hasan ibn Sahl
304:
303:
109:Abbasid civil war
32:Abbasid Caliphate
953:
877:
817:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
629:
623:
614:
608:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
532:
526:
356:Qasr Ibn Hubayra
248:Battle of Fakhkh
165:
155:
148:
141:
132:
131:
961:
960:
956:
955:
954:
952:
951:
950:
881:
880:
814:
798:Bosworth, C. E.
793:
788:
780:
776:
768:
764:
756:
752:
744:
740:
732:
728:
720:
716:
708:
704:
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684:
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672:
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644:
636:
632:
624:
617:
609:
598:
590:
586:
578:
574:
566:
562:
554:
550:
542:
535:
527:
502:
498:
471:
422:
352:
305:
300:
166:
163:
161:
159:
129:
77:
17:
12:
11:
5:
959:
949:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
879:
878:
831:Kramers, J. H.
827:Gibb, H. A. R.
818:
812:
800:, ed. (1987).
792:
789:
787:
786:
774:
762:
750:
738:
726:
714:
702:
690:
678:
666:
654:
642:
630:
615:
596:
584:
572:
560:
548:
533:
531:, p. 149.
499:
497:
494:
470:
467:
421:
418:
351:
348:
302:
301:
299:
298:
296:Zanj Rebellion
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
267:
266:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
234:
233:
223:
221:Yahya ibn Zayd
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
171:
168:
167:
162:Civil wars of
158:
157:
150:
143:
135:
128:
127:Revolt in Kufa
125:
76:
73:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
958:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
853:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
815:
809:
805:
804:
799:
795:
794:
783:
782:Bosworth 1987
778:
771:
770:Bosworth 1987
766:
759:
758:Bosworth 1987
754:
747:
742:
736:, p. 25.
735:
734:Bosworth 1987
730:
724:, p. 24.
723:
722:Bosworth 1987
718:
712:, p. 23.
711:
710:Bosworth 1987
706:
699:
698:Bosworth 1987
694:
688:, p. 18.
687:
686:Bosworth 1987
682:
675:
674:Bosworth 1987
670:
664:, p. 17.
663:
662:Bosworth 1987
658:
651:
650:Bosworth 1987
646:
639:
638:Bosworth 1987
634:
628:, p. 19.
627:
626:Bosworth 1987
622:
620:
613:, p. 16.
612:
611:Bosworth 1987
607:
605:
603:
601:
593:
592:Bosworth 1987
588:
582:, p. 15.
581:
580:Bosworth 1987
576:
569:
568:Bosworth 1987
564:
557:
556:Bosworth 1987
552:
546:, p. 13.
545:
544:Bosworth 1987
540:
538:
530:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
500:
493:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
466:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
417:
416:for a while.
415:
411:
407:
406:Day of Arafah
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
297:
294:
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289:
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284:
282:
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251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
232:
229:
228:
227:
224:
222:
218:
216:
215:Berber Revolt
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
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156:
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149:
144:
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137:
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133:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
72:
70:
66:
62:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
936:Banu Shayban
857:
850:
802:
777:
765:
753:
741:
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:
645:
633:
587:
575:
563:
551:
479:
472:
463:Tigris River
456:
445:
434:
423:
387:
360:
353:
329:
316:Ibn Tabataba
306:
264:Abu'l-Saraya
263:
258:Fourth Fitna
231:Ibadi revolt
185:Second Fitna
99:governor of
78:
19:
18:
847:Pellat, Ch.
839:Schacht, J.
437:Eid al-Fitr
318:launched a
286:Fifth Fitna
271:East Africa
226:Third Fitna
180:First Fitna
105:Khurramites
896:815 deaths
885:Categories
496:References
430:al-Mada'in
262:Revolt of
219:Revolt of
175:Ridda Wars
81:Ras al-Ayn
874:495469456
856:Volume I:
843:Lewis, B.
746:Gibb 1960
529:Gibb 1960
452:Khuzistan
340:al-Tabari
117:al-Ma'mun
107:. In the
849:(eds.).
426:Khurasan
791:Sources
490:Red Sea
383:Baghdad
363:dirhams
113:al-Amin
101:Armenia
97:Abbasid
85:Shabani
52:Baghdad
872:
845:&
810:
459:Jalula
394:Medina
373:, and
95:, the
89:donkey
48:Medina
825:. In
414:Yemen
390:Mecca
375:Ahwaz
371:Basra
367:Wasit
320:Zaydi
69:Mecca
61:Hejaz
44:Mecca
28:Zaydi
870:OCLC
808:ISBN
448:Susa
392:and
324:Kufa
313:Alid
309:Hajj
115:and
75:Life
46:and
40:Iraq
38:and
36:Kufa
862:doi
858:A–B
111:of
34:in
887::
868:.
854:.
841:;
837:;
833:;
829:;
618:^
599:^
536:^
503:^
465:.
369:,
24:d.
876:.
864::
816:.
154:e
147:t
140:v
22:(
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