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was marked by his efforts to promote democracy, and by the political violence in
Germany at the time, especially the violence committed by the communists and hostility between the communists and the social democrats. In 1929, he banned the
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Die Ausbürgerung deutscher
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according to a new law, which also ensued in the seizure of all his property in
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Following the Nazi rise to power, and with his name appearing on the first list of
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did not sign the order. He was removed from his position following the 1932
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Im Kampf um die deutsche
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Iron
Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947
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