663:
675:
1013:
691:, of which 81 dropped their bombs in and around Berlin, and while the damage was slight, the psychological effect on Hitler was greater. The bombing raids on Berlin prompted Hitler to order the shift of the Luftwaffe's target from British airfields and air defenses to British cities. In the following two weeks there were a further five raids of a similar size, all nominally precision raids at specific targets, but with the difficulties of navigating at night the bombs that were dropped were widely dispersed. During 1940 there were more raids on Berlin, all of which did little damage. The raids grew more frequent in 1941, but were ineffective in hitting important targets. The head of the Air Staff of the RAF,
880:
1216:
167:
188:
973:, RAF Bomber Command left Berlin alone for most of 1944. Nevertheless, regular nuisance raids by both the RAF and USAAF continued. In 1945, the Eighth Air Force launched a number of very large daytime raids on Berlin, the last of them being on 18 March (there were bombing raids to Falkensee and Spandau, near Berlin, on 28 March), the 15th Air Force launched its only bombing mission to Berlin on 24 March, and for 36 nights in succession scores of RAF Mosquitos bombed the German capital, ending on the night of 20/21 April 1945 just before the Soviets entered the city.
208:
47:
232:
139:
111:
125:
1167:
the war. From the city centre, buildings were completely destroyed or gutted for about 20 blocks in all directions. Among the shelled structures some residents and normal activity quickly resumed in the city post-war. Estimates of the total number of dead in Berlin from air raids range from 20,000 to 50,000; current German studies suggest that a figure in the lower part of this range is more likely. This compares to death tolls of between 25,000 and 35,000 in the single attack on
296:
1252:("refugees from the East") were officially denied permission to remain in Berlin for longer than two days and were housed in camps near the city before being moved on westwards; it is estimated less than 50,000 managed to remain in Berlin. By January 1945 the population was around 2.9 million, although the demands of the German military were such that only 100,000 of these were males aged 18–30. Another 100,000 or so were forced labor, mainly French
244:
1068:
large thoroughfares, and parks that the fire could not jump over. Due to the exhaustion of German supplies the German anti-aircraft defense was under-equipped and weak so that out of the 1,600 US aircraft committed, only 36 were shot down and their crews taken as prisoners-of-war. First Air
Division commander Lt. Col. Rosenthal was among those shot down and survived, but was rescued by the Soviet armed forces and eventually returned to England.
1311:
153:
808:
729:, who believed in both the efficacy and necessity of area bombing. Harris said: "The Nazis entered this war under the rather childish delusion that they were going to bomb everyone else, and nobody was going to bomb them. At Rotterdam, London, Warsaw, and half a hundred other places, they put their rather naïve theory into operation. They sowed the wind, and now they are going to reap the whirlwind."
1244:
by parents, and many evacuees soon made their way back to the city (as was also the case in London in 1940–41). The increasing shortage of manpower as the war dragged on meant that female labour was essential to keep Berlin's war industries going, so the evacuation of all women with children was not possible. At the end of 1944 the city's population began to grow again as refugees fleeing the
1131:
646:", the large-scale bombing of German cities to destroy housing and civilian infrastructure. Although killing German civilians was never an explicit policy, it was obvious that area bombing would cause large-scale civilian casualties. With the technology available at the time, the precision bombing of military targets was possible only by daylight. It was difficult even then:
704:
1162:"the Western Allies had dropped 65,000 tons of explosives on the city in the course of more than two years; whereas the Red Army had expended 40,000 tons in merely two weeks". Later, statisticians calculated that for every inhabitant of Berlin there were nearly 30 cubic meters (39 cubic yards) of rubble.
1067:
The bombing was so dense that it caused a city fire spreading eastwards, driven by the wind, over the south of
Friedrichstadt and the northwest of neighboured Luisenstadt. The fire lasted for four days until it had burnt everything combustible in its range to ashes and after it had reached waterways,
606:
The
British had a policy of using aerial bombing only against military targets and/or infrastructure such as ports and railways of direct military importance. It was acknowledged that the aerial bombing of Germany would cause civilian casualties, but the British government was initially reluctanct to
2075:
Berlin, the main target, was attacked by 425 Lancasters, 18 Mosquitos, 15 Halifaxes. The
Germans correctly identified that Berlin was the target. Unexpected cross winds had scattered the bomber formations and so German fighters found the bombers easier targets. 37 Lancasters, 2 Halifaxes, 1 Mosquito
1227:
The Nazi regime was well aware of the political necessity of protecting the Reich capital against devastation from the air. Even before the war, work had begun on an extensive system of public air raid shelters, but by 1939 only 15% of the planned 2,000 shelters had been built. By 1941, however, the
1166:
Up to the end of March 1945 there had been a total of 314 air raids on Berlin, with 85 of those coming in the last twelve months. Half of all houses were damaged and around a third uninhabitable, as much as 16 km of the city was simply rubble. About a third of Berlin's area was badly damaged by
904:
alone were lost in operations against Berlin; and in
January and February, another 14 crews were killed. Having 25 aircraft destroyed meant that the fighting force of the squadron had to be replaced in three months. At these rates "Bomber Command would have been wiped out before Berlin." It has been
803:
on the
Japanese home islands had done for shaking Japanese complacency in April 1942—were a severe embarrassment for the German leadership. April 20, 1943 was Hitler's 54th birthday. Bomber Command decided that they had to mark the occasion with a raid on Berlin, and it was decided that the Mosquito
1243:
In 1943, the
Germans decided to evacuate non-essential people from Berlin. By 1944 1.2 million people, 790,000 of them women and children, about a quarter of the city's population, had been evacuated to rural areas. An effort was made to evacuate all children from Berlin, but this was resisted
765:
The Battle of Berlin was launched by Harris in
November 1943, a concerted air campaign against the German capital, although other cities continued to be attacked to prevent the Germans concentrating their defences in Berlin. Harris believed this could be the blow that would break German resistance.
682:
Before 1941, Berlin, at 950 kilometres (590 miles) from London, was at the extreme range attainable by the
British bombers then available to the Allied forces. It could be bombed only at night in summer when the days were longer and skies clear—which increased the risk to Allied bombers. The first
952:
that had bolstered the confidence of U.S. strategic bombing crews. Until that time, Allied bombers avoided contact with the
Luftwaffe; now, the Americans used any method that would force the Luftwaffe into combat. Implementing this policy, the United States looked toward Berlin. Raiding the German
2247:
Berlin was the main target. 515 Lancasters and 15 Mosquitos (530 aircraft) despatched to Berlin. The RAF records state that the bombing appeared to have been spread well up- and down-wind. The diversionary raids were only partially successful in diverting German night fighters. 33 Lancasters were
895:
These raids caused immense devastation and loss of life in Berlin. The November 22, 1943 raid killed 2,000 Berliners and rendered 175,000 homeless. The following night, 1,000 were killed and 100,000 made homeless. During December and January regular raids killed hundreds of people each night and
713:
island to Berlin with 3–12 aircraft in each raid, fifty in total reaching Berlin. Heavy Army bombers, operating from near Leningrad, executed one raid to Berlin on 11 August, with only few machines reaching the target. In total in 1941, Soviet aircraft dropped 36,000 kilograms (79,000 pounds) of
2262:
Berlin was the main target. 432 Lancasters, 241 Halifaxes, 4 Mosquitos (677 aircraft) despatched to Berlin. Western and Southern districts, covered by partial cloud, were hit in what the RAF records state was the most concentrated attack of this period. German records do not fully support this
2232:
Berlin was the main target. 495 Lancasters, 264 Halifaxes, 10 Mosquitos (769 aircraft) despatched to Berlin. Night fighter attacks were pressed home successfully; 22 Halifaxes and 13 Lancasters were lost, 4.6% of the force. The damage could not be assessed due to low cloud cover the next day.
871:
On December 17, extensive damage was done to the Berlin railway system. By this time cumulative effect of the bombing campaign had made more than a quarter of Berlin's total living accommodation unusable. There was another major raid on January 28–29, 1944, when Berlin's western and southern
585:
in 1941 and particularly in 1945, as Soviet forces closed on the city. British bombers dropped 45,517 tons of bombs, while American aircraft dropped 22,090.3 tons. As the bombings continued, more and more people fled the city. By May 1945, 1.7 million people (40% of the population) had fled.
968:
At the tail end of the Battle of Berlin the RAF made one last large raid on the city on the night of 24–25 March, losing 8.9% of the attacking force, but due to the failure of the Battle of Berlin, and the switch to the tactical bombing of France during the summer months in support of the
899:
The 16 raids on Berlin cost Bomber Command more than 500 aircraft, with their crews killed or captured. This was a loss rate of 5.8%, which was above the 5% threshold that was considered the maximum sustainable operational loss rate by the RAF. In December 1943, for example, 11 crews from
827:
aided by four Mosquitos. The city was under cloud and the damage was not severe. The second major raid was on the night of November 22–23, 1943. This was the most effective raid by the RAF on Berlin. The raid caused extensive damage to the residential areas west of the centre,
1137:
1135:
1132:
1123:, the infamous head justice of the People's Court. The death toll amounted to 2,894, fewer than might have been expected because the raid took place in daytime with relatively few incendiary bombs. The number of wounded amounted to 20,000, and 120,000 were left homeless or "
1136:
2263:
mentioning that were 77 places outside the city were hit. Deception raids and routing over Northern Denmark did not prevent the German air defences from reacting. 46 aircraft, 6.8 per cent of the force. Just over 100 other aircraft attacked a number of other targets.
2099:
were held up for 6 days. The National Theatre and the building housing Germany's military and political archives were both destroyed. The cumulative effect of the bombing campaign had now made more than a quarter of Berlin's total living accommodation unusable. Two
602:
issued a request to the major belligerents to confine their air raids to military targets. The French and the British agreed to abide by the request "upon the understanding that these same rules of warfare will be scrupulously observed by all of their opponents".
2094:
Berlin was the main target. It was attacked by 483 Lancasters and 15 Mosquitos. German night fighters were successfully directed to intercept the bombers. The damage to the Berlin railway system was extensive. 1,000 wagon-loads of war material destined for the
3249:, Martin Düspohl (ed.) on behalf of the Kunstamt Kreuzberg/Kreuzberg-Museum für Stadtentwicklung und Sozialgeschichte in co-operation with the Verein zur Erforschung und Darstellung der Geschichte Kreuzbergs e.V., Berlin: Kunstamt Kreuzberg, 1995, pp. 12seq;
2116:
was damaged, the first time these hunter killers had been on a successful Serrate patrol. 25 Lancasters, 5.2% of the Lancaster force, were lost over enemy occupied territory, with a further 29 aircraft lost on landing in England due to very low cloud.
2160:
Berlin was the main target. 421 Lancasters dispatched to Berlin. German night fighters were effective and 6.7% of the bombers were shot down. A small raid on Hamburg by 15 Mosquitos and smaller raids on other towns did not divert the night fighters.
1134:
1820:
169 aircraft sent to Berlin with other raids at same time. 20 aircraft (12.5%) lost Only around 30% of aircraft reached main target, and cloud cover resulted in blind bombing. The high losses led to pause in Bomber Command main bombing campaign
725:, launched a large raid on Berlin, sending over 160 bombers to the capital. 21 were shot down or crashed, and again little damage was done due to bad weather. This failure led to the dismissal of Peirse and his replacement (in February 1942) by
662:
1228:
five huge public shelters (Zoo, Anhalt Station, Humboldthain, Friedrichshain and Kleistpark) were complete, offering shelter to 65,000 people. Other shelters were built under or near government buildings, the best-known being the so-called
766:"It will cost us between 400 and 500 aircraft," he said. "It will cost Germany the war." By this time he could deploy over 800 long-range bombers on any given night, equipped with new and more sophisticated navigational devices such as
619:, including oil plants and other civilian industrial targets that aided the German war effort, such as blast furnaces that at night were self-illuminating. The first RAF raid on the interior of Germany took place on 19 March 1940 at
2131:
Berlin was attacked by 364 Lancasters, 8 Mosquitos and 7 Halifaxes. German fighters encountered difficulty with the weather and were able to shoot down only 16 Lancasters, 4.2% of the force. Damage to Berlin was relatively small.
2175:
Berlin was the main target. 362 Lancasters, 12 Mosquitos, 9 Halifaxes (383 aircraft). The night fighters did not catch up to the bombers until they were over Berlin and managed to shoot down 27 Lancasters, 10% of the force.
2357:
Raid against Berlin by 623 bombers. 37 US bombers were lost and 18 fighters were also lost. The Luftwaffe lost 42 fighters, with 3 killed, 26 missing and 9 wounded (includes the Me 410 and Bf 110 multiple manned aircraft)
1989:(Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche) are now a monument in Berlin. Several other buildings of note were either damaged or destroyed, including the British, French, Italian and Japanese embassies, Charlottenburg Castle and
1898:
613 heavy bombers (331 Lancasters, 176 Halifaxes, 106 Stirling) and 9 Mosquitos. 47 aircraft (7.6%) lost. The evacuation of "all children and all adults not engaged in war work" was ordered by the Berlin authorities.
1153:
and similar aircraft for low-level attacks from 28 March onwards. By this time Berlin's civil defences and infrastructure were close to collapsing but civilian morale held. After the capture of Berlin, Soviet General
1752:
6 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet (3 reached Berlin). In total 57 naval and 27 army DB-3/DB-3F aircraft performed ten raids from 7 August to 5 September, of these 50 reached Berlin, dropping some 30 tons of bombs.
905:
largely acknowledged that the Battle of Berlin was a failure; for the RAF, British official historians have stated that "in an operational sense the Battle of Berlin was more than a failure, it was a defeat".
744:. During the whole of 1942 there were only nine air alerts in Berlin, none of them serious. Only in 1943 did Harris have both the means and the opportunity to put his belief in area bombing into practice.
2146:
Berlin was the main target. 457 Lancasters, 252 Halifaxes and 3 Mosquitos (712 aircraft), RAF losses were light, at 2.8% of the force. Heavy cloud cover frustrated the RAF and damage was light.
1052:, were severely damaged. The bombs used in this raid consisted mostly of high explosive ordnance and not incendiary munitions. The area that suffered the greatest damage did not include railway
989:, thinking the Sixth Panzer Army would use the Tempelhof railyards for the move. This was one of the few occasions on which the USAAF undertook a mass attack on a city centre. Lt-General
981:
1,500 bombers of the Eighth Air Force, protected by some 1,000 fighters attacked the Berlin railway system on the forenoon (British: morning) of 3 February 1945 in the belief that the
2295:
area, with the centre and southwestern districts sustaining most of the damage. This was the largest raid by the RAF on Berlin. A diversionary raid by 24 Lancasters of No. 8 Group on
2291:
Berlin main target. 561 Lancasters, 314 Halifaxes, 16 Mosquitos (891 aircraft), despatched to Berlin. Despite cloud cover most important war industries were hit, including the large
1133:
6074:
4556:
699:
2299:
failed to confuse the Germans. RAF lost 43 aircraft – 26 Lancasters, 17 Halifaxes, which was 4.8 per cent of the force. A further 155 sorties were flown against other targets.
6133:
1145:
Another raid on 26 February 1945 left another 80,000 people homeless. Raids continued until April, when the Red Army was outside the city. In the last days of the war the
804:
was the right aircraft for the job. Accordingly, No. 105 Squadron was dispatched to the German capital, successfully reaching the city with the loss of only one aircraft.
2568:
Donald A. Bertke, Don Kindell, Gordon Smith, "World War II sea war: France falls, Britain stand alone: Day-to-Day Naval Actions April 1940 through September 1940", p.205
3084:
6138:
876:
area, with the centre and south-western districts sustaining most of the damage. This was the largest raid by the RAF on Berlin. Raids continued until March 1944.
17:
2313:
Target: Berlin. Attempted raids had been halted by bad weather on 3 March. A maximum effort raid by 730 (504 B-17s and 226 B-24s) bombers and 644 fighters of the
639:, was the first Allied bomber to raid Berlin. On the night of 7 June 1940, it dropped eight bombs of 250 kg and eighty of 10 kg on the German capital.
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6016:
2277:
Berlin was the main target. 440 Lancasters, 82 Halifaxes, 12 Mosquitos (534 aircraft), despatched to Berlin. RAF losses were 33 aircraft, 6.2% of the total.
4039:
2845:
4549:
709:
on Berlin on 8 August 1941 that extended into early September. Medium Navy bombers, accompanied from 12 August by Army bombers, conducted ten raids from
6143:
4497:
3704:
3468:
3415:
4951:
4106:
692:
2437:
2376:
was scattered and those that reached Berlin bombed well out to the south-west of the city. The RAF lost 72 aircraft, 8.9% of the attacking force.
848:
was destroyed. Several other buildings of note were either damaged or destroyed, including the British, French, Italian and Japanese embassies,
4542:
3682:
5618:
1470:
872:
districts were hit in the most concentrated attack of this period. On February 15–16, important war industries were hit, including the large
4846:
2057:
Berlin, the main target, was attacked by 443 Lancasters and 7 Mosquitos. Most of the damage in Berlin was in the semi-industrial suburb of
1676:
8 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet and 4 DB-3F (Il-4) from Long Range Aviation, operating from Saaremaa island (3 reached Berlin, 4 lost).
958:
607:
deliberately bomb civilian property outside combat zones as a military tactic. The policy was abandoned on 15 May 1940, two days after the
3926:
2820:
1540:
9 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet, operating from Kuressaare airfield on Saaremaa island (9 reached Berlin, dropping 5.4 tons of bombs).
6069:
5302:
3910:
537:
3380:"A Forgotten Holocaust: US Bombing Strategy, the Destruction of Japanese Cities & the American Way of War from World War II to Iraq"
1913:
316 Lancasters dispatched with four Mosquitos carrying out diversionary laying of flares to distract defences. 22 aircraft (6.9%) lost.
1001:. Eisenhower and Spaatz made it clear that the attack on Berlin was of great political importance in that it was designed to assist the
5201:
5056:
4861:
4101:
736:, which became available in large numbers during 1942. During most of 1942, however, Bomber Command's priority was attacking Germany's
4581:
5866:
5781:
2507:
695:, justified these raids by saying that to "get four million people out of bed and into the shelters" was worth the losses involved.
5061:
4032:
896:
rendered between 20,000 and 80,000 homeless each time. Overall nearly 4,000 were killed, 10,000 injured and 450,000 made homeless.
674:
5006:
4936:
4730:
4232:
2001:
at Spandau. Several factories employed in the manufacture of material for the armed forces and 26 aircraft (3.4%) were also lost.
4111:
3267:
3214:
2248:
lost, which was 6.4 per cent of the heavy force. A further 167 sorties were flown against other targets, with one aircraft lost.
3030:
642:
Between 1939 and 1942, the policy of bombing only targets of direct military significance was gradually abandoned in favour of "
4831:
4796:
4781:
3942:
926:
5071:
1985:. Because of the dry weather conditions, several 'firestorms' ignited. 175,000 people were left homeless and the ruins of the
654:
led to far lower losses but was of necessity indiscriminate, because navigation and bomb aiming were more difficult at night.
5836:
4986:
4901:
4896:
4565:
4172:
3819:
3792:
3743:
3666:
3506:
2766:
2721:
2689:
578:
38:
3894:
3878:
3862:
3560:
3076:
2872:
1025:
5925:
5883:
5776:
5771:
5756:
5561:
5349:
5041:
5011:
4991:
4906:
4821:
4750:
4182:
961:
launched the first of several attacks against Berlin. Fierce battles raged and resulted in heavy losses for both sides; 69
4946:
1318:
5861:
5841:
5600:
5566:
5156:
5116:
4966:
4771:
4725:
4025:
3021:
2076:(8.7% of the force). Due to the cross winds the bombing was inaccurate and to the south of the city, but two more of the
993:, commander of the USAAF Eighth Air Force, objected to this tactic, but he was overruled by the USAAF commander, General
2061:. Stuttgart was a diversion, attacked by 84 aircraft. The total sorties for the night was 666. 34 aircraft (5.1%) lost.
791:
were known to be giving big speeches that were to be broadcast live by radio. At precisely 11.00 am, Mosquitoes of
6064:
5983:
5821:
5676:
5267:
5241:
5221:
5191:
5186:
5161:
5131:
5111:
4941:
4891:
4881:
4851:
4836:
4715:
4652:
4508:
4187:
4167:
1176:
1168:
5791:
5816:
5751:
5636:
5630:
5588:
5328:
5176:
5096:
4981:
4926:
4801:
4177:
3979:
3853:
3834:
3773:
3647:
3629:
3449:
3338:
3314:
3254:
3163:
3115:
3028:"Design and Construction of Typical German and Japanese Test Structures at Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah", 27 May 1943
2553:
1080:
1012:
965:
were lost on 6 March but the Luftwaffe lost 160 aircraft. The Allies replaced their losses; the Luftwaffe could not.
714:
bombs on Berlin. Combat and operational losses for the Soviets tallied 17 aircraft destroyed and 70 crewmen killed.
5850:
5746:
5624:
5380:
5370:
5251:
5231:
5181:
5171:
5146:
5051:
4956:
4886:
4735:
4647:
4611:
4065:
1033:
823:
The first raid of the battle occurred on November 18–19, 1943. Berlin was the main target, and was attacked by 440
6153:
5786:
5766:
5594:
5211:
5196:
4157:
4116:
4001:
753:
530:
879:
5995:
5046:
1986:
1474:
845:
52:
55:
in Berlin, extensively damaged during the RAF bombing raid of 22–23 November 1943 and preserved as a monument.
6079:
5876:
4668:
4492:
3706:
Bombing the European Axis Powers. A Historical Digest of the Combined Bomber Offensive 1939–1945: Part V 1945
3351:
884:
566:
4405:
3713:
1943:
by 395 other aircraft. Mosquitos attacked several other towns. In all 884 sorties. 32 aircraft (3.6%) lost.
295:
5549:
5287:
4132:
3963:
2409:
1,329 bombers and 733 fighters are dispatched to hit railway stations and tanks plants in the Berlin area.
2096:
1998:
1636:
from Long Range Aviation, operating from Saaremaa island (17 reached Berlin, dropping 10.5 tons of bombs).
1322:
986:
861:
360:
4142:
5920:
5307:
5297:
4673:
4301:
4192:
3989:
2335:
were also lost. The Bomber loss rate stood at 10.2 percent. The Luftwaffe lost 64 fighters, including 16
2332:
1773:
1240:
stations were converted into shelters. The rest of the population had to make do with their own cellars.
962:
2445:
1215:
949:
929:", which would be of key importance in acquiring the know-how and experience necessary to carry out the
5671:
5554:
4515:
4224:
1927:
The first operation of the RAF Battle of Berlin campaign. Berlin, the main target, was attacked by 440
1104:
1084:
1002:
523:
303:
275:
4876:
1076:
4791:
4152:
2387:
One of the heaviest attacks on Berlin for the entire war. Around 1,000 B-17s struck the city center.
1565:
1179:. Both the Hamburg and Dresden raids combined having a lower casualty total than the 9/10 March 1945
922:
4017:
5375:
4487:
2015:
Berlin, the main target, was attacked by 365 Lancasters, 10 Halifaxes, 8 Mosquitos (383 aircraft).
1803:
5236:
5066:
3047:
1286:, Humboldthain and Friedrichshain. The Flak guns were increasingly manned by the teenagers of the
683:
RAF raid on Berlin took place on the night of 25 August 1940; 95 aircraft were dispatched to bomb
6001:
5206:
5121:
4683:
4410:
2992:
1037:
1021:
467:
388:
1935:. They bombed the city, which was under cloud with 2% aircraft loss rate. Diversionary raids on
6093:
5967:
5962:
5699:
4586:
4317:
4137:
4070:
2109:
1291:
1180:
741:
4776:
2618:
2601:
2569:
1419:
1277:
6148:
6108:
5606:
5385:
4996:
4281:
3231:
Rosenthal, mission Command Pilot, listed on John P. Ernst MACR (#12046) & Casualty Report
2296:
2204:
Small raids on Berlin, Solingen, Koblenz and Krefeld by 20 Mosquitos. No aircraft were lost.
1932:
1881:
1747:
1703:
1687:
1667:
1623:
1579:
1535:
1503:
1294:(BDM) were also operating Flak guns. After 1944 there was little fighter protection from the
1072:
901:
849:
774:
726:
636:
599:
448:
333:
5091:
4916:
4871:
732:
At the same time, new bombers with longer ranges were coming into service, particularly the
5694:
5354:
5282:
5141:
5026:
4502:
4266:
4261:
4080:
3379:
3017:
2340:
2336:
2113:
1958:
1873:
1781:
1769:
1210:
1088:
998:
796:
792:
461:
454:
5333:
4816:
4740:
1283:
8:
5831:
5725:
5292:
4976:
4856:
4208:
2101:
1970:
1692:
6 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet, operating from Saaremaa island (2-3 reached Berlin).
1517:
1053:
829:
770:. Between November 1943 and March 1944, Bomber Command made 16 massed attacks on Berlin.
5106:
5001:
4961:
4921:
4534:
5989:
5856:
5801:
5761:
5709:
5323:
4700:
4522:
4337:
4296:
4256:
4216:
4147:
3676:
3053:
1765:
1719:
1708:
2 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet, operating from Saaremaa island (1 reached Berlin).
1607:
1488:
1464:
1433:
1413:
1397:
1141:
A film shot by the US Air Force in July 1945, showing the destruction in central Berlin
970:
914:
812:
722:
562:
511:
491:
367:
313:
199:
5582:
5031:
4720:
1201: sq mi) causing the loss of at least 100,000 lives in the Japanese capital.
5946:
5871:
5811:
5806:
5730:
5704:
5612:
5523:
5438:
5403:
5136:
4631:
4596:
4466:
4362:
4332:
3975:
3849:
3830:
3815:
3788:
3769:
3739:
3662:
3643:
3625:
3502:
3445:
3334:
3310:
3250:
2839:
2762:
2717:
2685:
2549:
2105:
1656:
bombers from Long Range Aviation, operating from Saaremaa island (2 reached Berlin).
1233:
1096:
1092:
944:(Sunday, 20–Friday, 25 February 1944) heavy bomber offensive began shortly after the
799:
repeated the trick for Goebbels. These were great propaganda raids which—much as the
684:
582:
495:
284:
260:
237:
212:
5246:
5226:
5166:
5126:
5016:
4745:
3948:
784:
5941:
5846:
5826:
5508:
5498:
5433:
5272:
5151:
5101:
5021:
4866:
4806:
4626:
4576:
4471:
4456:
4415:
4390:
4374:
4347:
4327:
4291:
4251:
3083:, The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, Air Force history and museums program,
3027:
2314:
1832:
1671:
1647:
1627:
1583:
1561:
1551:
1439:
1298:, and the Flak defences were increasingly overwhelmed by the scale of the attacks.
1184:
1155:
1116:
1108:
1057:
945:
934:
759:
595:
574:
570:
558:
403:
248:
91:
5036:
4826:
4710:
3754:
War Planes of the First World War:Volume Eight Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft
3463:
3461:
2546:
Obrona powietrzna III Rzeszy. Cz.3. Działania nocne wrzesień 1939 – czerwiec 1943
2080:
factories, a ball-bearing factory and several railway installations were damaged.
46:
5796:
5518:
5488:
5458:
4461:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4420:
4352:
4276:
3993:
3968:
3934:
3918:
3902:
3886:
3870:
3564:
3557:
3034:
2876:
2869:
1785:
1273:
1120:
1061:
990:
982:
824:
788:
779:
777:, which hit the capital on January 30, 1943, the tenth anniversary of the Nazis'
650:
raids by Bomber Command led to unacceptably high casualties and aircraft losses.
612:
608:
442:
343:
193:
5277:
5216:
4931:
4841:
4811:
3081:
Leaping the Atlantic Wall Army Air Forces Campaigns in Western Europe, 1942–1945
2472:
1969:
of the war. Most of the damage was to the residential areas west of the centre,
1229:
1040:(the newspaper district), and Luisenstadt (both divided between the boroughs of
795:
arrived over Berlin exactly on time to disrupt Göring's speech. Later that day,
5899:
5666:
5513:
5473:
5463:
5443:
5408:
4971:
4357:
4342:
4286:
4271:
4162:
3731:
3458:
2988:
1974:
1962:
1928:
1884:
set out, with 70 turning back before reaching target. 57 aircraft (7.8%) lost.
1877:
1869:
1777:
1557:
1220:
1112:
1049:
957:
reasoned, would force the Luftwaffe into battle. Consequently, on 3 March, the
833:
800:
733:
718:
223:
116:
4911:
1091:) as well as government and Nazi Party buildings were also hit, including the
6127:
5528:
5503:
5453:
5448:
5428:
4395:
4369:
4096:
3691:
3352:"1940s Berlin Germany After Nazi Occupation Post WW2 Time Travel Documentary"
2373:
2058:
1837:
1653:
1633:
1593:
1589:
1254:
1237:
1150:
1146:
888:
737:
651:
323:
218:
130:
4766:
1978:
1071:
A number of monuments, such as French Luisenstadt Church, St. James Church,
837:
5468:
5418:
3761:
3302:
2292:
1940:
1854:
251 bombers, 17 lost, dropped 610 tons of bombs, 711 killed on the ground.
1513:
1453:
U-boat production at Hamburg, Bremen and Berlin attacked with 257 aircraft
1372:
1287:
1259:
918:
873:
688:
643:
632:
554:
416:
412:
393:
376:
355:
172:
144:
3171:
3119:
1158:
said, referring to the Red Army's artillery and rocket bombardment, that:
5651:
5483:
4678:
4400:
4322:
4060:
1366:
994:
937:, a Jewish architect of structures in Berlin who fled the Nazis in 1933.
930:
844:. Because of the dry weather conditions, several firestorms ignited. The
437:
432:
428:
2761:(in Polish). Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza Alma-Press. pp. 28, 42–43.
1965:, 11 Mosquitos. Total 764 aircraft. This was the most effective raid on
1032:-equipped pathfinder B-17G Fortress s/n 44-8379 — commanding the entire
5478:
5423:
3812:
Deterrence before Hiroshima: the airpower background of modern strategy
3698:. Vol. III Europe:Argument to VE-Day. University of Chicago Press.
2077:
1990:
1383:
1272:), which provided enormously tough platforms for both searchlights and
1265:
853:
647:
2682:
Torpedo aircraft of Great patriotic war. They were called "deathbound"
2029:
Berlin, in a small raid, was attacked by 6 Mosquitos, 1 Mosquito lost
950:
a major change in fighter defense of USAAF strategic bomber formations
678:
A work party clears rubble from an air raid on Berlin, 13 October 1940
5493:
5413:
4601:
4591:
4075:
4047:
3416:"Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary Campaign Diary 1941"
3037:, by the Standard Oil Development Company. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
1994:
1295:
1124:
1041:
887:
B-17 "Miss Donna Mae II" is damaged by a mis-timed bomb release over
857:
767:
254:
2508:"Bombardment of air base Hörnum, 19-20 March 1940 - TracesOfWar.com"
1588:
3 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet, operating from Kuressaare and 9
807:
620:
577:
in 1940 and between 1944 and 1945 as part of the Allied campaign of
3268:"100th Bomb Group Foundation – Personnel – LT COL Robert ROSENTHAL"
3215:"100th Bomb Group Foundation – Personnel – LT COL Robert ROSENTHAL"
1936:
1521:
1379:
1245:
941:
710:
624:
4004:
Military Series. Vol. II: Endeavour. H. M. Stationery Office.
3110:
3108:
1982:
1290:
as older men were drafted to the front. By 1945 the girls of the
1172:
1100:
865:
841:
477:
2460:
The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe 1940–1945
3785:
Nineteen Weeks: America, Britain and the Fateful Summer of 1940
3105:
2998:
1966:
1386:, approaching Berlin from the north (first bombing of Berlin).
816:
550:
158:
76:
3827:
The Hardest Victory:RAF Bomber Command in the Second World War
1264:("eastern workers"). The key to the Flak area were three huge
1045:
954:
3848:(3rd. revised ed.), Berlin: Verlag Willmuth Arenhövel,
3164:"Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Forces: February 1945"
1282:) for civilians. These towers were at the Berlin Zoo in the
2678:
Torpedonoscy Velikoi otechestvennoi. Ih zvali "smertnikami"
2218:
17 Mosquitos launched small raids on Magdeburg and Berlin.
1509:
1006:
616:
3192:
Addison p. 102, gives the political background to the raid
758:
For the Soviet assault and capture of Berlin in 1945, see
4564:
2473:
Appeal against aerial bombardment of civilian populations
1119:
areas were turned into seas of ruins. Among the dead was
1029:
667:
3096:
3094:
2941:
2939:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2710:"Letayushchiye kreposti" Stalina. Bombardirovshchik Pe-8
1993:, as well as the Ministry of Weapons and Munitions, the
1806:, over 100 civilians killed in a house at Pariser Platz
3515:
3247:
3. Februar 1945: Die Zerstörung Kreuzbergs aus der Luft
3026:, books.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2014; see
2813:
3998:
The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany: 1939–1945
3134:
1248:'s advance in the east began to pour into Berlin. The
976:
948:
commander, Maj. Gen. Jimmy Doolittle, had implemented
3542:
3524:
3091:
2936:
2908:
2886:
2852:
1524:
island (5 reached Berlin, dropping 3 tons of bombs).
985:
was moving through Berlin by train on its way to the
6134:
Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II
1009:
east of Berlin, and was essential for Allied unity.
997:, who was supported by the Allied commander General
925:, of typical German working class housing estates, "
666:
People in London look at a map illustrating how the
3492:
2780:
2778:
3967:
3049:Video: Blast Berlin By Daylight, 1944/03/20 (1944)
1048:, the central area) and some other areas, such as
6139:World War II strategic bombing by populated place
4048:RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War
3241:
3239:
2543:
6125:
3988:
3659:The Luftwaffe over Germany: Defense of the Reich
3004:
2844:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2775:
2675:
2427:Taylor, Chapter "Thunderclap and Yalta" Page 216
2112:patrolled the route for German nightfighters. A
891:, Berlin in May 1944. All 11 airmen were killed.
623:. On the night of 10–11 May 1940 the RAF bombed
107:
3931:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
3915:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
3899:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
3883:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
3867:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
3712:, Alabama: Air University Press, archived from
3473:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2190:A diversionary raid by 13 Mosquitos on Berlin.
121:
3974:(Paperback ed.). London, UK: Bloomsbury.
3656:
3236:
2707:
2613:
2611:
2609:
1568:, of these 3 TB-7 and 2 Yer-2 reached Berlin.
933:on Berlin. It was done with the assistance of
615:was given permission to attack targets in the
135:
4550:
4033:
819:, damaged in the night of 22–23 November 1943
531:
3619:
3501:] (in Russian). Яуза. pp. 87, 102.
3399:
3200:
3198:
2736:Kamenir, Victor, "Soviet Navy Over Berlin",
2444:. 9 August 1945. p. 154. Archived from
1997:Administrative College, the barracks of the
1957:Berlin the main target. 469 Lancasters, 234
860:Administrative College, the barracks of the
3944:Royal Air Force World War II Battle Honours
3439:
3245:Smit, Erik/Evthalia Staikos/Dirk Thormann,
3186:
2827:, archived from the original on 6 July 2007
2623:
2606:
1187:, devastating some 40.9 square kilometres (
908:
4557:
4543:
4498:Air operations during the Battle of Europe
4040:
4026:
3689:
3681:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3657:Caldwell, Donald; Muller, Richard (2007).
2788:(London, John Wiley and Sons 1995), p. 78.
2716:] (in Russian). Яуза. pp. 53–56.
2684:] (in Russian). Яуза. pp. 63–65.
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2398:Over 1,000 USAAF bombers attacked Berlin.
1632:13 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet and 9
1378:converted long-range transport. Flew from
581:. It was also attacked by aircraft of the
557:, was subject to 363 air raids during the
538:
524:
45:
6144:World War II strategic bombing of Germany
5782:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3539:Bomber Command Campaign Diary August 1943
3396:This section is based on Rürup, chapter 1
3286:
3195:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2714:Stalin's "Flying fortresses". Pe-8 bomber
2596:
2594:
2484:Taylor, Chapter "Call Me Meier", Page 105
856:, as were the Ministry of Munitions, the
3824:
3760:
3730:
3620:Addison, Paul; Crang, Jeremy A. (2006),
2989:Wartime Magazine: "The Battle of Berlin"
2647:Taylor, Chapter "Call Me Meier", p. 114.
1592:from Long Range Aviation operating from
1214:
1129:
1011:
878:
806:
673:
661:
149:
18:Allied bombing of Berlin in World War II
5892:
3925:
3801:
3607:Caldwell & Muller 2007, pp. 173–74.
3598:Caldwell & Muller 2007, pp. 172–73.
3571:. 6 April 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
3444:(in Polish). AJ-Press. pp. 15–17.
3140:
3100:
3074:
2883:. 6 April 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
2801:(Verlag Willmuth Arenhövel 1995), p. 11
2703:
2701:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2518:
1596:on Saaremaa island (8 reached Berlin).
1020:In the raid, led by Lieutenant-Colonel
747:
740:as part of Britain's effort to win the
670:is striking back at Germany during 1940
14:
6126:
4008:
3962:
3947:, RAF, 12 January 2004, archived from
3806:, vol. 6, Oxford University Press
3637:
3377:
3087:from the original on 19 September 2017
2756:
2743:
2591:
773:A prelude to the 1943 raids came from
4566:Strategic bombing during World War II
4538:
4493:United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)
4021:
3885:, RAF, 24 August 2004, archived from
3869:. RAF. 24 August 2004. Archived from
3843:
3751:
3702:
3333:, MBI Publishing/Amber Books (2001);
2983:
2981:
2821:"Bomber Command War Diary April 1943"
1343:Bombing of Berlin during World War II
1149:also bombed Berlin, as well as using
1083:, St. Simeon Church, and the Marcher
39:Strategic bombing during World War II
5659:
4488:Aerial defence of the United Kingdom
3782:
3433:
3301:
2698:
2650:
1305:
1204:
6101:
4153:Combined Bomber Offensive (1943–44)
3933:. RAF. 6 April 2005. Archived from
3917:. RAF. 6 April 2005. Archived from
3901:, RAF, 6 April 2005, archived from
3696:The Army Air Forces in World War II
3589:Caldwell & Muller 2007, p. 168.
3495:Il-4. "Vozdushnye kreysera" Stalina
3486:
3442:Sowieckie lotnictwo morskie 1941-45
2995:website. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
1232:underground in the backyard of the
977:The largest American raid on Berlin
24:
4509:Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command
3420:webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk
3068:
2978:
25:
6165:
3970:Dresden: Tuesday 13 February 1945
3558:RAF Campaign Diary September 1943
3309:. New York: Picador. p. 88.
3161:
3116:"Army Air Forces in World War II"
1274:128 mm FlaK 40 anti-aircraft guns
1258:, "foreign workers", and Russian
399:Bombing of Berlin in World War II
32:Bombing of Berlin in World War II
4138:Area bombing of cities (1942–43)
4011:Le 'Jules Verne', avion corsaire
3499:Il-4. Stalin's "Flying cruisers"
3331:Berlin 1945: The Final Reckoning
2870:RAF Campaign Diary November 1943
2471:President Franklin D. Roosevelt
1469:130 bombers. For the first time
1418:Bombed Christuskirche church in
1309:
921:company built a set of replicas
294:
242:
230:
206:
186:
165:
151:
137:
123:
109:
4066:RAF strategic bombing 1942–1945
4002:History of the Second World War
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3551:
3533:
3408:
3390:
3371:
3362:
3344:
3323:
3295:
3260:
3207:
3155:
3146:
3040:
3010:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2825:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary
2804:
2791:
2730:
2641:
2632:
2582:
2573:
1036:'s bomber force on this raid —
754:Battle of Berlin (RAF campaign)
657:
573:between 1943 and 1945, and the
394:Deportation of Jews from Berlin
3911:"Campaign Diary February 1944"
3909:
3893:
3879:"Campaign Diary December 1943"
3877:
3863:"Campaign Diary November 1943"
3861:
3768:. London, UK: Michael Joseph.
2975:Grayling, p. 332, footnote 58.
2945:
2931:
2903:
2759:301 Dywizjon Bombowy 1940–1943
2562:
2500:
2487:
2478:
2465:
2452:
2430:
2421:
1987:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
1016:Bombing of Berlin in July 1944
846:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
687:near the centre of Berlin and
609:German air attack on Rotterdam
53:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
13:
1:
4071:Area Bombing Directive (1942)
3990:Webster, Sir Charles Kingsley
3895:"Campaign Diary January 1944"
3787:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
3613:
3274:. 100th Bomb Group Foundation
3221:. 100th Bomb Group Foundation
3118:. 31 May 2012. Archived from
2740:, August 2013, pp. 60–65, 74.
963:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses
567:United States Army Air Forces
3846:Berlin 1945: A Documentation
3493:Vladimir Koielnikov (2009).
3005:Webster & Frankland 1961
2946:Campaign Diary February 1944
2904:Campaign Diary December 1943
2799:Berlin 1945: A Documentation
2333:North American P-51 Mustangs
2331:69 US bombers were lost. 11
1774:Armstrong Whitworth Whitleys
1236:building. In addition, many
1056:, which were more northern (
868:and several arms factories.
598:began in 1939, US President
579:strategic bombing of Germany
361:Assassination of Talat Pasha
7:
4081:Casablanca directive (1943)
3927:"Campaign Diary March 1944"
3814:, Transaction Publishers;
3810:Quester, George H. (1986).
3661:. London: Greenhill Books.
3378:Selden, Mark (2 May 2007).
3204:Beevor, p. 74. claims 3,000
3075:Russell, Edward T. (1999),
2932:Campaign Diary January 1944
1892:31 August–1 September 1943
1684:31 August–1 September 1941
1348:
1301:
1171:, and the 42,000 killed at
1169:Dresden on 14 February 1945
698:The Soviet Union started a
565:between 1940 and 1945, the
478:Federal Republic of Germany
67:7 June 1940 – 21 April 1945
10:
6170:
4158:Battle of Berlin (1943–44)
4102:Frederick "Prof" Lindemann
3738:, London, UK: Bloomsbury,
3703:Davis, Richard B. (2006),
3521:Richards 1994, pp. 268–69.
2588:Hastings 1981, pp. 111–15.
2544:Marek J. Murawski (1999).
1764:197 bombers (a mixture of
1351:
1208:
757:
751:
589:
304:Margraviate of Brandenburg
6092:
6057:
6026:
6015:
5976:
5955:
5934:
5913:
5739:
5718:
5687:
5650:
5575:
5539:
5394:
5363:
5342:
5316:
5260:
5084:
4759:
4699:
4692:
4661:
4640:
4619:
4610:
4572:
4480:
4429:
4383:
4310:
4244:
4201:
4148:Battle of the Ruhr (1943)
4125:
4089:
4053:
3844:Rürup, Reinhard (2003) ,
3640:Berlin: The Downfall 1945
3563:29 September 2004 at the
3101:Campaign Diary March 1944
3020:in Chapter 3 of his work
2676:Miroslav Morozov (2011).
2497:(Bloomsbury 2006), p. 24.
2317:. Resulted in 37 losses.
971:Allied invasion of France
727:Sir Arthur Travers Harris
178:
101:
59:
44:
36:
31:
4582:Aerial bombing of cities
4472:Light Night Strike Force
3825:Richards, Denis (1994).
3756:. London, UK: Macdonald.
2415:
2372:Berlin main target. The
983:German Sixth Panzer Army
909:March 1944 to April 1945
88:Heavy damage to the city
3829:. London, UK: Coronet.
3802:McInnis, Edgar (1946),
3752:Green, William (1967).
3638:Beevor, Antony (2002).
2993:Australian War Memorial
2708:Mikhail Maslov (2009).
2548:(in Polish). AJ-Press.
2043:3 Mosquitos to Berlin.
1026:100th Bombardment Group
561:. It was bombed by the
468:Fall of the Berlin Wall
389:Welthauptstadt Germania
6154:Berlin in World War II
4587:Area bombing directive
4112:Sir Archibald Sinclair
4097:Arthur "Bomber" Harris
4076:Dehousing paper (1942)
4013:, Paris: France-Empire
4009:Yonnet, Henri (1957),
3580:Hess 1994, pp. 80–84.
3548:Richards 1994, p. 270.
3530:Richards 1994, p. 269.
3307:Inside Hitler's Bunker
2757:Hodyra, Piotr (2016).
2579:Hastings 1981, p. 114.
2110:Serrate radar detector
1959:Handley Page Halifaxes
1933:de Havilland Mosquitos
1782:Handley Page Halifaxes
1292:League of German Girls
1224:
1181:Operation Meetinghouse
1142:
1103:headquarters, and the
1017:
892:
820:
783:. That same day, both
775:De Havilland Mosquitos
742:Battle of the Atlantic
679:
671:
90:Soviet victory in the
4257:Boston (Douglas DB-7)
4143:U-boat pens (1943–44)
4133:Oil targets (1940-45)
3783:Moss, Norman (2004).
3736:Among the Dead Cities
3469:"Campaign Diary 1941"
2738:WWII History Magazine
2495:Among the Dead Cities
2297:Frankfurt-on-the-Oder
1770:Handley Page Hampdens
1276:as well as shelters (
1218:
1140:
1087:(today's entrance of
1085:Protestant Consistory
1015:
902:No. 460 Squadron RAAF
882:
850:Charlottenburg Palace
810:
677:
665:
637:French Naval Aviation
600:Franklin D. Roosevelt
449:Berlin Crisis of 1961
334:Free State of Prussia
4952:Ludwigshafen / Oppau
4684:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
4503:Defence of the Reich
3873:on 12 November 2007.
3440:Robert Bock (1996).
3174:on 29 September 2013
2957:Grayling, pp. 309–10
2875:11 June 2007 at the
2285:15–16 February 1944
2140:29–30 December 1943
2125:23–24 December 1943
2102:Bristol Beaufighters
2088:16–17 December 1943
2051:26–27 November 1943
2037:25–26 November 1943
2023:24–25 November 1943
2009:23–24 November 1943
1951:22–23 November 1943
1921:18–19 November 1943
1560:heavy bombers and 3
1323:adding missing items
1211:Defence of the Reich
1183:single firebombing
1089:Jewish Museum Berlin
1081:St. Michael's Church
999:Dwight D. Eisenhower
748:The Battle of Berlin
717:On 7 November 1941,
462:Tear down this wall!
455:Ich bin ein Berliner
6027:Mandatory Palestine
4406:Intruder operations
4220:("Dambusters" raid)
3358:. 17 December 2023.
3033:28 May 2020 at the
2512:www.tracesofwar.com
2475:, 1 September 1939.
2462:(2014), pp 301, 304
2448:on 10 January 2015.
2271:30–31 January 1944
2256:28–29 January 1944
2241:27–28 January 1944
2226:20–21 January 1944
2212:14–15 January 1944
2198:10–11 January 1944
2104:and 2 Mosquitos of
1907:3–4 September 1943
1766:Vickers Wellingtons
1758:7/8 September 1941
1744:4–5 September 1941
1700:2–3 September 1941
1518:Kuressaare airfield
1345:
1177:single raid in 1943
631:, a variant of the
512:Timeline of Berlin
5303:Rotterdam (Allied)
4523:Target for Tonight
4107:Sir Charles Portal
4061:Butt Report (1941)
3951:on 31 October 2006
3889:on 2 November 2008
3405:Green 1968, p. 19.
3054:Universal Newsreel
2069:2–3 December 1943
1862:23–24 August 1943
1814:7–8 November 1941
1664:20–21 August 1941
1644:18–19 August 1941
1620:15-16 August 1941
1576:11–12 August 1941
1548:10–11 August 1941
1430:10 September 1940
1394:25–26 August 1940
1341:
1321:; you can help by
1225:
1143:
1077:Luisenstadt Church
1073:Jerusalem's Church
1034:First Air Division
1018:
893:
821:
813:Reformation Church
723:RAF Bomber Command
719:Sir Richard Peirse
693:Sir Charles Portal
680:
672:
563:RAF Bomber Command
492:History of Germany
368:Greater Berlin Act
314:Kingdom of Prussia
200:RAF Bomber Command
6121:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6088:
6087:
6017:Mediterranean and
6011:
6010:
5909:
5908:
5646:
5645:
5419:Barrow-in-Furness
5404:Battle of Britain
5080:
5079:
4857:Freiburg (Allies)
4597:Strategic bombing
4532:
4531:
4467:No. 100 Group RAF
4212:(Friedrichshafen)
3964:Taylor, Frederick
3820:978-0-88738-087-7
3794:978-0-618-49220-6
3745:978-0-7475-7671-6
3668:978-1-85367-712-0
3642:. Penguin Books.
3508:978-5-699-38276-7
2768:978-83-7020-664-2
2723:978-5-699-36247-9
2691:978-5-699-46226-1
2438:"Target Analysis"
2413:
2412:
2392:26 February 1945
2366:24–25 March 1944
2184:5–6 January 1944
2169:2–3 January 1944
2154:1–2 January 1944
1804:Potsdamer Bahnhof
1796:8 September 1941
1731:4 September 1941
1716:3 September 1941
1612:82 tons of bombs
1516:, operating from
1485:17–18 April 1941
1471:Polish Air Forces
1447:12/13 March 1941
1410:7 September 1940
1339:
1338:
1234:Reich Chancellery
1205:Berlin's defences
1138:
1097:Party Chancellery
1093:Reich Chancellery
685:Tempelhof Airport
553:, the capital of
548:
547:
496:History of Europe
268:
267:
261:1st Flak Division
238:Soviet Air Forces
213:US Army Air Force
97:
96:
51:The ruins of the
16:(Redirected from
6161:
6099:
6098:
6024:
6023:
5921:Allied Singapore
5890:
5889:
5657:
5656:
5615:(Czechoslovakia)
5298:Rotterdam (Axis)
4697:
4696:
4617:
4616:
4612:European theatre
4577:Area bombardment
4559:
4552:
4545:
4536:
4535:
4457:No. 6 Group RCAF
4391:Area bombardment
4375:Target indicator
4348:Blockbuster bomb
4163:Transport (1944)
4042:
4035:
4028:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4005:
3994:Frankland, Noble
3985:
3973:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3938:
3922:
3906:
3890:
3874:
3858:
3840:
3807:
3798:
3779:
3757:
3748:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3711:
3699:
3690:Craven, Wesley;
3686:
3680:
3672:
3653:
3634:
3608:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3572:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3348:
3342:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3264:
3258:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3193:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3170:. Archived from
3159:
3153:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3103:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3044:
3038:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2985:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2934:
2929:
2906:
2901:
2884:
2867:
2850:
2849:
2843:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2797:Reinhard Rürup,
2795:
2789:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2754:
2741:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2673:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2604:
2598:
2589:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2541:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2381:3 February 1945
2365:
2350:
2343:heavy fighters.
2324:
2315:Eighth Air Force
2306:
2284:
2270:
2255:
2240:
2225:
2211:
2197:
2183:
2168:
2153:
2139:
2124:
2087:
2068:
2050:
2036:
2022:
2008:
1950:
1920:
1906:
1891:
1861:
1847:
1833:Soviet Air Force
1828:
1813:
1795:
1786:Avro Manchesters
1743:
1730:
1715:
1699:
1683:
1672:Soviet Air Force
1663:
1648:Soviet Air Force
1643:
1628:Soviet Air Force
1619:
1603:
1584:Soviet Air Force
1575:
1552:Soviet Air Force
1547:
1532:8–9 August 1941
1531:
1500:7–8 August 1941
1499:
1484:
1475:No. 300 Squadron
1460:
1440:Brandenburg Gate
1429:
1409:
1393:
1373:Farman N.C.223.4
1362:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1156:Nikolai Bersarin
1139:
1117:Friedrichstrasse
1109:Unter den Linden
1060:) and southern (
1022:Robert Rosenthal
1003:Soviet offensive
946:Eighth Air Force
935:Erich Mendelsohn
797:No. 139 Squadron
793:No. 105 Squadron
760:Battle of Berlin
708:
700:bombing campaign
596:Second World War
575:French Air Force
571:Eighth Air Force
559:Second World War
540:
533:
526:
484:
483:
421:
404:Battle of Berlin
381:
348:
338:
328:
318:
308:
298:
288:
270:
269:
249:French Air Force
247:
246:
245:
236:
234:
233:
211:
210:
209:
192:
190:
189:
171:
169:
168:
161:
157:
155:
154:
147:
143:
141:
140:
133:
129:
127:
126:
119:
115:
113:
112:
92:Battle of Berlin
61:
60:
49:
29:
28:
21:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6113:
6084:
6053:
6018:
6007:
5972:
5951:
5930:
5905:
5888:
5735:
5714:
5683:
5642:
5571:
5535:
5396:
5390:
5359:
5338:
5312:
5256:
5202:Reggio Calabria
5076:
5057:Wiener Neustadt
4862:Friedrichshafen
4852:Freiburg (Axis)
4755:
4702:
4688:
4657:
4636:
4606:
4568:
4563:
4533:
4528:
4476:
4462:No. 8 Group RAF
4452:No. 5 Group RAF
4447:No. 4 Group RAF
4442:No. 3 Group RAF
4437:No. 1 Group RAF
4425:
4421:Shuttle bombing
4379:
4353:Earthquake bomb
4306:
4240:
4197:
4121:
4085:
4049:
4046:
3982:
3954:
3952:
3941:
3937:on 6 July 2007.
3921:on 6 July 2007.
3905:on 11 June 2007
3856:
3837:
3795:
3776:
3746:
3722:
3720:
3719:on 23 July 2011
3716:
3709:
3694:, eds. (1951).
3674:
3673:
3669:
3650:
3632:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3569:Royal Air Force
3565:Wayback Machine
3556:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3356:Upscale History
3350:
3349:
3345:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3244:
3237:
3224:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3035:Wayback Machine
3015:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2987:Daniel Oakman,
2986:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2909:
2902:
2887:
2881:Royal Air Force
2877:Wayback Machine
2868:
2853:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2810:Grayling, p. 62
2809:
2805:
2796:
2792:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2755:
2744:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2674:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:Quester p. 116.
2628:
2624:
2616:
2607:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2542:
2519:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2493:A.C. Grayling,
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2470:
2466:
2458:Richard Overy,
2457:
2453:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2363:
2348:
2322:
2304:
2282:
2268:
2253:
2238:
2223:
2209:
2195:
2181:
2166:
2151:
2137:
2122:
2085:
2066:
2048:
2034:
2020:
2006:
1963:Short Stirlings
1948:
1929:Avro Lancasters
1918:
1904:
1889:
1859:
1845:
1829:26 August 1942
1826:
1811:
1793:
1778:Short Stirlings
1741:
1728:
1713:
1697:
1681:
1661:
1641:
1617:
1604:13 August 1941
1601:
1573:
1545:
1529:
1512:bombers of the
1497:
1482:
1458:
1427:
1407:
1391:
1360:
1352:Bomber command
1335:
1329:
1326:
1310:
1304:
1250:Ostvertriebenen
1213:
1207:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1130:
1121:Roland Freisler
991:James Doolittle
979:
923:in western Utah
911:
825:Avro Lancasters
780:Machtergreifung
763:
756:
750:
702:
660:
613:Royal Air Force
592:
544:
481:
480:
443:Berlin Blockade
419:
379:
346:
344:Weimar Republic
336:
326:
316:
306:
286:
279:
243:
241:
231:
229:
207:
205:
194:Royal Air Force
187:
185:
166:
164:
152:
150:
148:
138:
136:
134:
124:
122:
120:
110:
108:
89:
80:
50:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6167:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6105:
6103:
6096:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6030:
6028:
6021:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
5999:
5993:
5987:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5926:Axis Singapore
5923:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5896:
5894:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5677:Allied Rangoon
5674:
5667:Burma campaign
5663:
5661:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5411:
5409:Baedeker Blitz
5406:
5400:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4917:Kaiserslautern
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4562:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4539:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4519:
4516:Into the Storm
4512:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4350:
4345:
4343:"Monica" radar
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4006:
3986:
3980:
3960:
3939:
3923:
3907:
3891:
3875:
3859:
3854:
3841:
3835:
3822:
3808:
3799:
3793:
3780:
3774:
3766:Bomber Command
3758:
3749:
3744:
3732:Grayling, A.C.
3728:
3700:
3687:
3667:
3654:
3648:
3635:
3630:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3600:
3591:
3582:
3573:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3507:
3485:
3457:
3450:
3432:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3370:
3361:
3343:
3322:
3315:
3294:
3285:
3259:
3235:
3206:
3194:
3185:
3154:
3152:Taylor, p. 215
3145:
3143:, p. 115.
3133:
3122:on 31 May 2012
3104:
3090:
3067:
3039:
3009:
3007:, p. 193.
2997:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2935:
2907:
2885:
2851:
2812:
2803:
2790:
2774:
2767:
2742:
2729:
2722:
2697:
2690:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2605:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2561:
2554:
2517:
2499:
2486:
2477:
2464:
2451:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2403:18 March 1945
2400:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2345:
2344:
2329:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2301:
2300:
2289:
2286:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2108:equipped with
2092:
2089:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2070:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2003:
2002:
1999:Imperial Guard
1975:Charlottenburg
1955:
1952:
1945:
1944:
1925:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1886:
1885:
1866:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1830:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1790:
1789:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1665:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1577:
1570:
1569:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1479:
1478:
1467:
1462:
1461:24 March 1941
1455:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1387:
1369:
1364:
1363:7–8 June 1940
1357:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1316:
1314:
1303:
1300:
1221:Zoo flak tower
1209:Main article:
1206:
1203:
1164:
1163:
1113:Wilhelmstrasse
1105:People's Court
1050:Friedrichshain
1038:Friedrichstadt
978:
975:
927:German Village
910:
907:
862:Imperial Guard
834:Charlottenburg
801:Doolittle Raid
752:Main article:
749:
746:
734:Avro Lancaster
659:
656:
591:
588:
546:
545:
543:
542:
535:
528:
520:
517:
516:
515:
514:
506:
505:
501:
500:
499:
498:
486:
485:
482:(1990–present)
474:
473:
472:
471:
465:
458:
451:
446:
440:
435:
423:
422:
409:
408:
407:
406:
401:
396:
391:
383:
382:
373:
372:
371:
370:
365:
364:
363:
350:
349:
340:
339:
330:
329:
320:
319:
310:
309:
300:
299:
291:
290:
281:
280:
273:
266:
265:
264:
263:
251:
227:
226:
224:15th Air Force
221:
203:
202:
181:
180:
179:Units involved
176:
175:
162:
117:United Kingdom
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
86:
82:
81:
75:
73:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
42:
41:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6166:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6014:
6004:(Philippines)
6003:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5975:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5956:United States
5954:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5851:10 March 1945
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5621:(Switzerland)
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5062:Wilhelmshaven
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4741:Gelsenkirchen
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4560:
4555:
4553:
4548:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Master Bomber
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:Bomber stream
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4370:Bouncing bomb
4368:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4117:Arthur Tedder
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3981:0-7475-7084-1
3977:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:3-922912-33-8
3851:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3836:0-340-61720-9
3832:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3775:0-330-26236-X
3771:
3767:
3763:
3762:Hastings, Max
3759:
3755:
3750:
3747:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3715:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3651:
3649:0-670-88695-5
3645:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3631:1-84413-928-X
3627:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3554:
3545:
3536:
3527:
3518:
3510:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3451:83-86208-44-9
3447:
3443:
3436:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3402:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3365:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3339:0-7603-1240-0
3336:
3332:
3326:
3318:
3316:0-312-42392-6
3312:
3308:
3304:
3303:Fest, Joachim
3298:
3292:Davis, p. 511
3289:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3256:
3255:3-9804686-0-7
3252:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3232:
3220:
3216:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3189:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3149:
3142:
3137:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2847:
2841:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2787:
2784:Robin Cross,
2781:
2779:
2770:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2733:
2725:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2585:
2576:
2570:
2565:
2557:
2555:83-7237-016-8
2551:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2481:
2474:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2424:
2420:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:bomber stream
2371:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2351:8 March 1944
2347:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2325:6 March 1944
2321:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:4 March 1944
2303:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2106:No. 100 Group
2103:
2098:
2097:Eastern Front
2093:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2059:Reinickendorf
2056:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:2 March 1943
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1402:95 aircraft.
1401:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1333:
1324:
1320:
1317:This list is
1315:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1255:Fremdarbeiter
1251:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1202:
1186:
1185:raid on Tokyo
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1151:Ilyushin Il-2
1148:
1147:Red Air Force
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:flying in an
1027:
1023:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
987:Eastern Front
984:
974:
972:
966:
964:
960:
956:
953:capital, the
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:In 1943, the
906:
903:
897:
890:
889:Museum Island
886:
881:
877:
875:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
818:
814:
809:
805:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:
776:
771:
769:
761:
755:
745:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
715:
712:
706:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
676:
669:
664:
655:
653:
652:Night bombing
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
604:
601:
597:
587:
584:
583:Red Air Force
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
541:
536:
534:
529:
527:
522:
521:
519:
518:
513:
510:
509:
508:
507:
503:
502:
497:
493:
490:
489:
488:
487:
479:
476:
475:
469:
466:
463:
459:
456:
452:
450:
447:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
430:
427:
426:
425:
424:
418:
414:
411:
410:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
384:
378:
375:
374:
369:
366:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
353:
352:
351:
345:
342:
341:
335:
332:
331:
325:
324:German Empire
322:
321:
315:
312:
311:
305:
302:
301:
297:
293:
292:
289:
283:
282:
277:
272:
271:
262:
259:
258:
257:
256:
252:
250:
240:
239:
225:
222:
220:
219:8th Air Force
217:
216:
215:
214:
201:
198:
197:
196:
195:
183:
182:
177:
174:
163:
160:
146:
132:
131:United States
118:
106:
105:
100:
93:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
54:
48:
43:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
6149:Firebombings
6094:North Africa
5996:Kuala Lumpur
5977:Other cities
5963:Pearl Harbor
5619:Schaffhausen
5576:Other cities
5364:Soviet Union
4797:Braunschweig
4786:
4777:Aschersleben
4760:Other cities
4521:
4514:
4507:
4236:(Peenemünde)
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4010:
3997:
3969:
3953:, retrieved
3949:the original
3943:
3935:the original
3930:
3919:the original
3914:
3903:the original
3898:
3887:the original
3882:
3871:the original
3866:
3845:
3826:
3811:
3803:
3784:
3765:
3753:
3735:
3723:13 September
3721:, retrieved
3714:the original
3705:
3695:
3658:
3639:
3621:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3576:
3568:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3472:
3441:
3435:
3423:. Retrieved
3419:
3410:
3401:
3392:
3383:
3373:
3368:Rürup, p. 13
3364:
3355:
3346:
3330:
3329:Bahm, Karl.
3325:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3276:. Retrieved
3271:
3262:
3246:
3230:
3223:. Retrieved
3218:
3209:
3188:
3176:. Retrieved
3172:the original
3167:
3157:
3148:
3141:McInnis 1946
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3120:the original
3080:
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3048:
3042:
3022:
3012:
3000:
2971:
2966:Rürup, p. 11
2962:
2953:
2880:
2829:, retrieved
2824:
2815:
2806:
2798:
2793:
2786:Fallen Eagle
2785:
2758:
2737:
2732:
2713:
2709:
2681:
2677:
2643:
2638:Grayling, 47
2634:
2625:
2584:
2575:
2564:
2545:
2511:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2480:
2467:
2459:
2454:
2446:the original
2441:
2432:
2423:
2293:Siemensstadt
1941:Ludwigshafen
1654:DB-3F (Il-4)
1634:DB-3F (Il-4)
1590:DB-3F (Il-4)
1514:Baltic Fleet
1375:
1342:
1327:
1288:Hitler Youth
1278:
1269:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1230:Führerbunker
1226:
1223:, April 1942
1165:
1144:
1070:
1066:
1019:
980:
967:
939:
931:firebombings
919:Standard Oil
912:
898:
894:
874:Siemensstadt
870:
822:
778:
772:
764:
738:U-boat ports
731:
716:
697:
689:Siemensstadt
681:
658:1940 to 1943
644:area bombing
641:
633:Farman F.220
628:
605:
593:
555:Nazi Germany
549:
417:East Germany
413:West Germany
398:
377:Nazi Germany
356:1920s Berlin
253:
228:
204:
184:
145:Soviet Union
102:Belligerents
26:
6058:Other areas
6019:Middle East
5992:(Sri Lanka)
5652:Pacific War
5524:Southampton
5439:Bournemouth
5261:Netherlands
5092:Alessandria
5032:Schweinfurt
5027:Saarbrücken
4872:Halberstadt
4832:Dietzenbach
4782:Baden-Baden
4416:Pathfinders
4401:Firebombing
3692:Cate, James
3624:, Pimlico,
3478:19 February
3425:19 February
3384:Japan Focus
3272:100thbg.com
3219:100thbg.com
3126:30 December
3060:20 February
3023:Dead Cities
1748:Soviet Navy
1704:Soviet Navy
1688:Soviet Navy
1668:Soviet Navy
1624:Soviet Navy
1580:Soviet Navy
1558:TB-7 (Pe-8)
1536:Soviet Navy
1520:(Kagul) on
1504:Soviet Navy
1473:took part (
1376:Jules Verne
1367:French Navy
1330:August 2008
1266:Flak towers
1261:Ostarbeiter
995:Carl Spaatz
703: [
629:Jules Verne
611:, when the
445:(1948–1949)
438:Berlin Wall
433:East Berlin
429:West Berlin
420:(1945–1990)
380:(1933–1945)
347:(1919–1933)
337:(1918–1947)
327:(1871–1918)
317:(1701–1918)
307:(1157–1806)
285:History of
6128:Categories
5998:(Malaysia)
5986:(Thailand)
5867:Utsunomiya
5627:(Bulgaria)
5595:Hammerfest
5540:Yugoslavia
5509:Nottingham
5499:Manchester
5434:Birmingham
5386:Stalingrad
5288:Middelburg
5007:Peenemünde
4987:Nordhausen
4937:Königsberg
4902:Hildesheim
4817:Crailsheim
4731:Düsseldorf
4363:Grand Slam
4311:Technology
4297:Wellington
4277:Manchester
4202:Operations
3955:31 October
3614:References
3278:5 December
3225:5 December
3077:"Big Week"
3018:Mike Davis
3016:Quoted by
2831:30 October
2364:1944-03-24
2349:1944-03-08
2323:1944-03-06
2305:1944-03-04
2283:1944-02-15
2269:1944-01-30
2254:1944-01-28
2239:1944-01-27
2224:1944-01-20
2210:1944-01-14
2196:1944-01-10
2182:1944-01-05
2167:1944-01-02
2152:1944-01-10
2138:1943-12-28
2123:1943-12-23
2086:1943-12-16
2067:1943-12-02
2049:1943-11-26
2035:1943-11-25
2021:1943-11-24
2007:1943-11-23
1991:Berlin Zoo
1979:Schöneberg
1971:Tiergarten
1949:1943-11-22
1919:1943-11-18
1870:Lancasters
1384:Baltic Sea
1319:incomplete
1284:Tiergarten
1279:Hochbunker
1054:main lines
854:Berlin Zoo
838:Schöneberg
830:Tiergarten
721:, head of
648:day bomber
6109:Fort Lamy
6075:Gibraltar
5935:Australia
5914:Singapore
5884:Yokkaichi
5877:June 1944
5857:Toyohashi
5777:Hiratsuka
5772:Hamamatsu
5719:Indonesia
5700:Hong Kong
5695:Chongqing
5639:(Croatia)
5633:(Austria)
5603:(Finland)
5591:(Ireland)
5585:(Hungary)
5562:Podgorica
5546:Belgrade
5519:Sheffield
5489:Liverpool
5459:Clydebank
5414:The Blitz
5376:Leningrad
5350:Bucharest
5308:The Hague
5283:Enkhuizen
5273:Eindhoven
5268:Amsterdam
5107:Benevento
5042:Stuttgart
5012:Pforzheim
5002:Paderborn
4997:Osnabrück
4992:Nuremberg
4962:Magdeburg
4922:Karlsruhe
4907:Innsbruck
4897:Heilbronn
4847:Frankfurt
4822:Darmstadt
4751:Wuppertal
4701:Battle of
4602:V-weapons
4592:Firestorm
4323:H2S radar
4272:Lancaster
4226:Hurricane
4210:Bellicose
4193:The Hague
4183:Pforzheim
4173:Heilbronn
4126:Campaigns
4054:Overviews
3764:(1981) .
3677:cite book
3622:Firestorm
3178:28 August
3168:usaaf.net
1995:Waffen SS
1890:1943-8-31
1882:Mosquitos
1878:Stirlings
1874:Halifaxes
1860:1943-8-23
1846:1943-3-02
1840:bombers.
1827:1942-8-26
1812:1941-11-7
1794:1941-9-08
1742:1941-9-05
1729:1941-9-04
1714:1941-9-03
1698:1941-9-03
1682:1941-9-01
1662:1941-8-21
1642:1941-8-19
1618:1941-8-16
1602:1941-8-13
1574:1941-8-12
1546:1941-8-11
1483:1941-4-17
1459:1941-3-24
1428:1940-9-10
1408:1940-9-07
1392:1940-8-25
1296:Luftwaffe
1270:Flaktürme
1058:Stadtbahn
1042:Kreuzberg
915:U.S. Army
858:Waffen SS
768:H2S radar
594:When the
255:Luftwaffe
79:, Germany
6049:Tel Aviv
5968:Unalaska
5902:(Taiwan)
5893:Colonies
5862:Toyokawa
5842:Shizuoka
5731:Surabaya
5726:Sukabumi
5710:Shanghai
5672:Mandalay
5609:(Norway)
5601:Helsinki
5597:(Norway)
5583:Budapest
5567:Sarajevo
5514:Plymouth
5474:Greenock
5464:Coventry
5444:Brighton
5355:Ploiești
5293:Nijmegen
5278:Enschede
5157:Grosseto
5142:Frascati
5117:Cagliari
5072:Würzburg
4967:Mannheim
4892:Hannover
4812:Chemnitz
4772:Augsburg
4726:Duisburg
4721:Dortmund
4703:the Ruhr
4674:Le Havre
4481:See also
4287:Stirling
4282:Mosquito
4252:Blenheim
4245:Aircraft
4218:Chastise
3996:(1961).
3966:(2005).
3734:(2006),
3561:Archived
3341:, p. 47.
3305:(2004).
3085:archived
3031:Archived
2873:Archived
2840:citation
2617:Quester
1937:Mannheim
1905:1943-9-3
1530:1941-8-9
1522:Saaremaa
1498:1941-8-8
1438:Damaged
1420:Neukölln
1380:Bordeaux
1361:1940-6-7
1302:Timeline
1246:Red Army
1125:dehoused
1062:Ringbahn
942:Big Week
917:and the
789:Goebbels
711:Saaremaa
625:Dortmund
504:See also
464:" (1987)
457:" (1963)
276:a series
274:Part of
72:Location
37:Part of
6065:Bahrain
5990:Colombo
5984:Bangkok
5900:Taihoku
5822:Okazaki
5802:Nagaoka
5762:Fukuoka
5705:Nanjing
5529:Swansea
5504:Norwich
5454:Cardiff
5449:Bristol
5429:Belfast
5397:Kingdom
5343:Romania
5324:Frampol
5247:Viterbo
5242:Vicenza
5227:Trieste
5222:Treviso
5192:Pescara
5187:Palermo
5167:Messina
5162:Livorno
5132:Ferrara
5127:Catania
5122:Cassino
5112:Bologna
5022:Rostock
5017:Potsdam
4977:Münster
4942:Leipzig
4882:Hamburg
4867:Giessen
4837:Dresden
4807:Breslau
4792:Bocholt
4746:Krefeld
4716:Cologne
4693:Germany
4653:Tallinn
4641:Estonia
4620:Denmark
4384:Tactics
4358:Tallboy
4302:Whitley
4292:Ventura
4267:Hampden
4262:Halifax
4188:Dresden
4168:Hamburg
4090:Leaders
3804:The war
3162:Staff.
2078:Siemens
1983:Spandau
1802:Burned
1566:Pushkin
1196:⁄
1173:Hamburg
1101:Gestapo
1024:of the
1005:on the
866:Spandau
842:Spandau
635:of the
590:Prelude
173:Germany
6070:Cyprus
6002:Manila
5947:Darwin
5942:Broome
5872:Yawata
5837:Sendai
5832:Rabaul
5817:Numazu
5807:Nagoya
5752:Aomori
5637:Zagreb
5631:Vienna
5613:Prague
5607:Namsos
5589:Dublin
5494:London
5469:Exeter
5395:United
5334:Wieluń
5329:Warsaw
5317:Poland
5237:Verona
5207:Rimini
5177:Naples
5137:Foggia
5097:Ancona
5037:Siegen
4982:Munich
4947:Lübeck
4927:Kassel
4827:Dessau
4802:Bremen
4787:Berlin
4767:Aachen
4711:Bochum
4662:France
4333:"Oboe"
4228:(1944)
4178:Kassel
3978:
3852:
3833:
3818:
3791:
3772:
3742:
3665:
3646:
3628:
3505:
3448:
3337:
3313:
3253:
3056:. 1944
2765:
2720:
2688:
2619:p. 115
2602:p. 295
2600:Moss,
2552:
2442:Flight
2406:USAAF
2395:USAAF
2384:USAAF
2354:USAAF
2341:Me 410
2337:Bf 110
2328:USAAF
2310:USAAF
2114:Bf 110
1967:Berlin
1931:and 4
1355:Notes
1238:U-Bahn
1107:. The
1099:, the
1095:, the
959:USSTAF
817:Moabit
785:Göring
627:. The
621:Hörnum
551:Berlin
470:(1989)
287:Berlin
278:on the
235:
191:
170:
159:France
156:
142:
128:
114:
85:Result
77:Berlin
6080:Malta
6044:Jaffa
6039:Haifa
5847:Tokyo
5827:Osaka
5757:Fukui
5747:Akita
5740:Japan
5688:China
5660:Burma
5625:Sofia
5484:Leeds
5381:Minsk
5371:Gorky
5252:Zadar
5232:Turin
5217:Terni
5182:Padua
5172:Milan
5152:Gorla
5147:Genoa
5085:Italy
5067:Worms
5052:Wesel
4972:Moers
4957:Mainz
4932:Kleve
4887:Hanau
4877:Halle
4842:Emden
4736:Essen
4679:Royan
4648:Narva
4632:Rønne
4430:Units
4338:Gee-H
4318:Chaff
4234:Hydra
3717:(PDF)
3710:(PDF)
3497:[
2712:[
2680:[
2416:Notes
1961:, 50
1564:from
1562:Yer-2
1349:Date
1175:in a
1046:Mitte
955:USAAF
885:USAAF
707:]
6102:Chad
6034:Acre
5812:Naha
5797:Kure
5792:Kōfu
5787:Kobe
5767:Gifu
5555:1944
5550:1941
5479:Hull
5424:Bath
5212:Rome
5197:Pisa
5102:Bari
4912:Jena
4669:Caen
4627:Nexø
3976:ISBN
3957:2006
3850:ISBN
3831:ISBN
3816:ISBN
3789:ISBN
3770:ISBN
3740:ISBN
3725:2010
3683:link
3663:ISBN
3644:ISBN
3626:ISBN
3503:ISBN
3480:2024
3446:ISBN
3427:2024
3335:ISBN
3311:ISBN
3280:2016
3251:ISBN
3227:2016
3180:2013
3128:2019
3062:2012
2846:link
2833:2015
2763:ISBN
2718:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2550:ISBN
2369:RAF
2339:and
2288:RAF
2274:RAF
2259:RAF
2244:RAF
2229:RAF
2215:RAF
2201:RAF
2187:RAF
2172:RAF
2157:RAF
2143:RAF
2128:RAF
2091:RAF
2072:RAF
2054:RAF
2040:RAF
2026:RAF
2012:RAF
1981:and
1973:and
1954:RAF
1939:and
1924:RAF
1910:RAF
1895:RAF
1880:and
1868:727
1865:RAF
1851:RAF
1838:Il-4
1817:RAF
1799:RAF
1784:and
1761:RAF
1734:RAF
1594:Aste
1510:DB-3
1450:RAF
1382:via
1371:One
1219:The
1115:and
1044:and
1007:Oder
940:The
852:and
840:and
832:and
811:The
787:and
617:Ruhr
494:and
431:and
415:and
64:Date
5047:Ulm
4328:Gee
1720:RAF
1608:RAF
1508:10
1489:RAF
1477:).
1465:RAF
1434:RAF
1414:RAF
1398:RAF
1325:.
1127:".
1064:).
1030:H2X
864:at
815:in
668:RAF
6130::
4000:.
3992:;
3929:.
3913:.
3897:,
3881:,
3865:.
3679:}}
3675:{{
3567:.
3471:.
3460:^
3418:.
3382:.
3354:.
3270:.
3238:^
3229:.
3217:.
3197:^
3166:.
3107:^
3093:^
3079:,
3052:.
2991:,
2980:^
2938:^
2910:^
2888:^
2879:.
2854:^
2842:}}
2838:{{
2823:,
2777:^
2745:^
2700:^
2652:^
2608:^
2593:^
2520:^
2510:.
2440:.
1977:,
1876:,
1872:,
1788:)
1780:,
1776:,
1772:,
1768:,
1670:,
1652:5
1626:,
1582:,
1556:8
1442:.
1422:.
1198:16
1194:13
1189:15
1111:,
1079:,
1075:,
883:A
836:,
705:ru
569:'
5853:)
5849:(
4558:e
4551:t
4544:v
4041:e
4034:t
4027:v
3984:.
3839:.
3797:.
3778:.
3685:)
3671:.
3652:.
3511:.
3482:.
3454:.
3429:.
3386:.
3319:.
3282:.
3257:.
3182:.
3130:.
3064:.
2948:.
2848:)
2771:.
2726:.
2694:.
2558:.
2514:.
1332:)
1328:(
1268:(
1191:+
762:.
539:e
532:t
525:v
460:"
453:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.