129:
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31:
665:
Precott, p. 1217, notes, "With a character so extraordinary, with powers prolonged so far beyond the usual term of humanity, and passions so fierce in one tottering on the verge of the grave, it was not surprising that many fabulous stories should be eagerly circulating respecting him, and that
599:
According to
Prescott, Carvajal saw guests throughout his last day, but treated his interlocutors to his usual cutting sarcasm. When a former enemy, once vanquished in battle by Carvajal, came to offer his services to the condemned rebel, Carvajal rebuked him caustically:
650:
por su indómita bravura, por sus dotes militares, por sus hazañas, que rayan en lo fantástico, por su rara fortuna en los combates y por su carácter sarcástico y cruel fué conocido, en los primeros tiempos del coloniaje, con el nombre de
696:
Prescott, p. 1113, describes the action: "He sprang boldly forward through blinding volumes of smoke and a tempest of musket balls, and, supported by the bravest of his troops, overpowered the gunners, and made himself master of their
604:
And what service can you do me? Can you set me free? If you cannot do that, you can do nothing. If I spared your life, as you say, it was probably because I did not think it worthwhile to take it.
469:
he was unrivalled. Prompt, active, and persevering, he was insensible to danger or fatigue. He knew familiarly every mountain pass, and, such were the sagacity and resources displayed in his
575:
collected a number of details about the execution, claiming that
Carvajal was not gravely troubled by the sentence, remarking simply, "basta matar": "They can only kill me." He refused
390:
when the mutinous
Imperial army stormed Rome in 1527. Instead of competing in the violent plunder for gold and valuables, Carvajal seized legal documents belonging to a ranking Roman
608:
Carvajal's only complaint emerged when his executioners arrived to carry him to the place of execution. Upon being bound and forced into a narrow basket, Carvajal exclaimed, "
348:. Carvajal proved a tireless soldier and successful strategist. He was ultimately captured in battle by royalist forces on April 9, 1548 and executed at the age of 84.
501:
of Nueva
Castilla's armies. In the campaign of 1546 Carvajal violently put down the royalist forces in the south of the colony, marching and countermarching from
612:"—"Cradles for infants and now cradles for old men as well!" Carvajal's severed head was exhibited on a pike next to Pizarro's at the gates of Lima.
559:. These two men were the only veterans of the Italian Wars in the battle. Other Spaniards in this battle had only military experience from the Americas.
914:
904:
884:
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465:. He was strict, even severe, in enforcing discipline, so that he was little loved by his followers ; but in the shifts and turns of
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909:
879:
869:
874:
452:
Inspired by their corpulent commander, Carvajal's men advanced on the enemy guns and carried
Almagro's troops before them.
587:
But of what use would that be? I have nothing that lies heavy on my conscience, unless it be, indeed, the debt of half a
428:
from the front ranks despite his age and obesity and became something of a local legend for his composure in battle. At
795:
776:
310:
417:
and thereafter played a key role in reestablishing
Pizarro's rule against the rival faction of conquistadors led by
894:
889:
721:
Espino López, Antonio (2012). "El uso táctico de las armas de fuego en las guerras civiles peruanas (1538-1547)".
666:
Carvajal should be clothed with mysterious terrors as a sort of supernatural being,—the demon of the Andes!"
298:
128:
633:
that
Carvajal was in fact Borgia's senior by 10 years, their only parentage, he added, being "that of cruelty."
829:
381:
290:
122:
108:
175:
372:
only to return home in disgrace after a series of public scandals. Disinherited, Carvajal enlisted in the
200:
615:
Carvajal remains a folkloric character in Peru: One legend made him the illegitimate son of the
Spanish-
279:
Carvajal's career as a soldier in Europe spanned forty years and a half-dozen wars. Fighting in Spain's
839:
142:
37:
844:
180:
448:
For shame, Spaniards; do you give way now? I am twice as good a mark for the enemy as any of you!"
864:
369:
859:
568:
540:
232:
576:
222:
819:
814:
629:
333:
8:
572:
567:
Carvajal was sentenced to death by the royalists after being wounded and captured at the
556:
552:
506:
418:
329:
318:
205:
187:
118:
518:
440:, Carvajal is said to have ridden to the front of the line and, casting his helmet and
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365:
112:
73:
791:
772:
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466:
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227:
386:
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302:
249:
217:
212:
161:
132:
734:
548:
475:
341:
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192:
89:
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moved against
Pizarro in 1546, Carvajal, unable to quit the country due to the
808:
624:
620:
484:
470:
345:
532:
In the 1540s
Francisco de Carvajal's use of firearms in Peru prefigured the
413:, then under siege by an Inca army. Carvajal led reinforcements to Governor
138:
588:
377:
325:
294:
280:
253:
533:
30:
580:
492:
462:
437:
361:
69:
616:
522:
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giving way before a hail of fire from Almagro's massed cannons and
257:
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461:
As a military man, Carvajal ranks high among the soldiers of the
441:
425:
285:
433:
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391:
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in 1525 and acquired a small fortune when the Imperial armies
514:
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267:
263:
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56:
410:
406:
273:
97:
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42:
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on shipping, took command again in the field as Pizarro's
536:
technique that developed in Europe many decades after.
344:'s unsuccessful rebellion against the officials of the
313:. He took part in the memorable Spanish victory at the
272:
due to his brutality and uncanny military skill in the
473:, that he was vulgarly believed to be attended by a
595:, which I forgot to pay before leaving the country.
16:
Spanish military officer, conquistador and explorer
806:
509:, from Lima to Guamanga and back to Lima, from
579:offered by the priests and did not accept his
397:Carvajal later used these funds to journey to
35:Francisco de Carvajal, conquistador of Peru.
720:
716:
714:
712:
750:
748:
746:
744:
351:
248:(1464 – 10 April 1548) was a Spanish
29:
915:People of the War of the League of Cognac
905:Spanish people in the Viceroyalty of Peru
885:People executed for treason against Spain
709:
401:as an aide to its first Spanish viceroy,
900:People executed by Spain by decapitation
785:
741:
692:
690:
850:16th-century Spanish military personnel
394:and ransomed them for a small fortune.
807:
825:People from the Province of Salamanca
766:
687:
855:Military leaders of the Italian Wars
786:Prescott, William Hickling (2004),
455:
13:
547:, who just like him had fought at
14:
926:
405:. In 1535, he was dispatched to
276:civil wars of the 16th century.
137:
127:
117:
107:
835:Castilian-Leonese conquistadors
409:to the relief of newly founded
368:, Carvajal was admitted to the
910:University of Salamanca alumni
880:Spanish people executed abroad
700:
678:
669:
659:
642:
610:¡Niño en cuna y viejo en cuna!
1:
760:
735:10.18800/historica.201202.001
870:People executed by New Spain
562:
340:in Peru, eventually backing
311:Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
293:principal commanders in the
176:War of the League of Cambrai
7:
875:Executed military personnel
648:Palma, p. 237, wrote that,
444:to the ground, exclaimed,
384:wars. He was present as an
201:War of the League of Cognac
10:
931:
332:and from there accepted a
328:Carvajal travelled to the
143:Governorate of New Castile
38:Museo Nacional de Historia
434:Imperial Spanish infantry
424:He continued to lead his
168:
156:
148:
103:
83:
63:
50:
28:
21:
636:
352:Life and military career
895:Castilian conquistadors
890:Executed Spanish people
767:Palma, Ricardo (1997),
370:University of Salamanca
289:—he served under
790:, Digital Antiquaria,
754:Prescott, p. 1214-1215
606:
597:
569:Battle of Jaquijahuana
541:Battle of Jaquijahuana
525:and from Arequipa to
481:
450:
358:Francisco LĂłpez GascĂłn
305:, and the illustrious
233:Battle of Jaquijahuana
830:Spanish conquistadors
602:
585:
571:. American historian
555:and helped to defeat
459:
446:
246:Francisco de Carvajal
149:Years of service
23:Francisco de Carvajal
788:The Conquest of Peru
769:Tradiciones peruanas
653:Demonio de los Andes
630:Tradiciones peruanas
543:(1548) Carvajal met
627:pointed out in the
591:to a shopkeeper in
573:William H. Prescott
419:Almagro the Younger
376:infantry bound for
334:military commission
330:Spanish West Indies
188:Italian War of 1521
123:Empire of Charles V
471:roving expeditions
403:Antonio de Mendoza
324:In the 1540s, the
283:—the famous
223:Battle of Añaquito
113:Kingdom of Castile
74:Salamanca Province
55:El demonio de los
840:Spanish explorers
706:Prescott, p. 1217
545:Pedro de Valdivia
539:In the battle of
467:guerrilla warfare
415:Francisco Pizarro
362:Rágama de Arévalo
321:two years later.
243:
242:
228:Battle of Huarina
181:Battle of Ravenna
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845:Spanish generals
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718:
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498:maestre de campo
456:Campaign of 1546
338:Pizarro brothers
303:Fabrizio Colonna
250:military officer
218:Battle of Chupas
213:Conquest of Peru
162:Maestre de campo
141:
133:Kingdom of Spain
131:
121:
111:
33:
19:
18:
930:
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664:
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485:royal authority
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342:Gonzalo Pizarro
315:Battle of Pavia
281:Imperial armies
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193:Battle of Pavia
136:
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88:
68:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
928:
918:
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897:
892:
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872:
867:
865:Spanish rebels
862:
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796:
783:
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740:
725:(in Spanish).
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551:, been at the
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260:remembered as
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94:Nueva Castilla
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52:
48:
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34:
26:
25:
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15:
9:
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2:
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860:Colonial Peru
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797:1-58057-302-9
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778:84-89666-22-9
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684:Palma, p. 238
681:
675:Palma, p. 238
672:
662:
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652:
645:
641:
634:
632:
631:
626:
625:Ricardo Palma
622:
621:Cesare Borgia
618:
613:
611:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
584:
582:
578:
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542:
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494:
490:
486:
480:
478:
477:
472:
468:
464:
453:
449:
445:
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438:harquebusiers
435:
432:, seeing the
431:
427:
422:
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389:
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349:
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346:Spanish Crown
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327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
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299:Pedro Navarro
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87:10 April 1548
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44:
40:
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32:
27:
20:
787:
768:
726:
722:
702:
680:
671:
661:
654:
649:
644:
628:
614:
609:
607:
603:
598:
586:
566:
553:Sack of Rome
538:
531:
496:
482:
474:
460:
451:
447:
423:
396:
385:
380:to fight in
357:
355:
326:octogenarian
323:
307:Gran Capitán
306:
295:Italian Wars
284:
278:
261:
254:conquistador
245:
244:
206:Sack of Rome
169:Battles/wars
160:
90:Sacsayhuamán
54:
36:
820:1548 deaths
815:1464 births
729:(2): 7–48.
534:volley fire
382:Charles V's
319:sacked Rome
291:Charles V's
51:Nickname(s)
809:Categories
761:References
583:, asking:
581:last rites
577:confession
507:San Miguel
493:lieutenant
104:Allegiance
771:, EdUSP,
723:Historica
563:Execution
483:When the
463:New World
374:Castilian
366:Salamanca
336:with the
152:1480–1548
697:pieces."
523:Arequipa
476:familiar
274:Peruvian
258:explorer
619:tyrant
617:Italian
593:Seville
557:Almagro
527:Charcas
517:, from
511:Lucanas
489:embargo
442:cuirass
426:cavalry
387:alférez
286:tercios
266:of the
794:
775:
519:Collao
430:Chupas
399:Mexico
392:notary
256:, and
70:Rágama
727:XXXVI
637:Notes
549:Pavia
515:Cuzco
503:Quito
495:, or
378:Italy
356:Born
268:Andes
264:demon
262:"the
78:Spain
57:Andes
792:ISBN
773:ISBN
589:real
411:Lima
407:Peru
157:Rank
98:Peru
84:Died
67:1464
64:Born
43:Lima
731:doi
521:to
513:to
505:to
421:.
360:in
811::
743:^
711:^
689:^
623:.
529:.
364:,
309:,
301:,
297::
252:,
96:,
92:,
76:,
72:,
41:,
801:.
782:.
737:.
733::
655:.
479:.
270:"
195:,
135:,
125:,
115:,
45:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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