Spain - Knowledge

3125: 5240: 3044: 5290: 3323: 1884: 6999: 7862: 6519: 7383: 19466: 3539: 7730: 5425: 6565:, but by a great margin, the highest in absolute numbers, up to 2008. The number of immigrants in Spain had grown up from 500,000 people in 1996 to 5.2 million in 2008 out of a total population of 46 million. In 2005 alone, a regularisation programme increased the legal immigrant population by 700,000 people. There are a number of reasons for the high level of immigration, including Spain's cultural ties with Latin America, its geographical position, the porosity of its borders, the large size of its underground economy and the strength of the agricultural and construction sectors, which demand more low cost labour than can be offered by the national workforce. 5969: 2200: 5608: 1797: 5104: 6968: 5439: 6730: 5092: 6188: 1720: 8788: 8199: 7119: 5906: 6135: 7328: 2640: 4718: 1873: 2008: 4534: 212: 20407: 306: 8452: 8170: 2464: 3678: 3837: 2346: 1628: 2142: 1832:, entered the peninsula after 409, weakening the Western Roman Empire's jurisdiction over Hispania. The Suebi established a kingdom in north-western Iberia, whereas the Vandals established themselves in the south of the peninsula by 420 before crossing over to North Africa in 429. As the western empire disintegrated, the social and economic base became greatly simplified; the successor regimes maintained many of the institutions and laws of the late empire, including Christianity and assimilation into the evolving Roman culture. 8419: 8151: 7629: 2965: 1933: 5934: 4197: 198: 4961:, were granted self-government through a rapid process. Andalusia also identified itself as a nationality in its first Statute of Autonomy, even though it followed the longer process stipulated in the constitution for the rest of the country. Progressively, other communities in revisions to their Statutes of Autonomy have also taken that denomination in accordance with their historical and modern identities, such as the Valencian Community, the Canary Islands, the Balearic Islands, and Aragon. 20292: 2683: 2097: 6901:, which has a long history in Spain, remains the dominant religion. Although it no longer has official status by law, in all public schools in Spain students have to choose either a religion or ethics class. Catholicism is the religion most commonly taught, although the teaching of Islam, Judaism, and evangelical Christianity is also recognised in law. According to a 2020 study by the Spanish Centre for Sociological Research, about 61% of Spaniards self-identify as 3179: 913: 2899: 768: 19771: 18260: 6592: 4090: 3389:, was elected, normalizing the constitutional and institutional relations between the national and the regional administrations. According to latest polls, only 17.3% of catalans feel themselves as "only catalan". 46% of catalans would answer "as spanish as catalan", while 21.8% "more catalan than spanish". Accordind to a 2024 poll of Univeristy of Barcelona, over 50% of catalans would vote against independence, while less than 40% would vote in favour. 2426: 2549: 3826: 19783: 4178: 6125: 3255: 6178: 4487:. The monarch exercises this prerogative on the request of the prime minister, after the matter has been discussed by the Council of Ministers. The monarch may choose to accept or refuse the request. The monarch may also order national referendums on the request of the prime minister, but only with the prior authorization of the Cortes Generales. Again, the monarch may choose to accept or refuse the prime minister's request. 2448: 7511: 5736: 2747: 4380:, functions which rightfully rest with Spain's duly elected legislatures and governments at both the national and regional level. Instead, the Crown personifies the democratic Spanish state, sanctions legitimate authority, ensures the legality of means, and guarantees the execution of the public will. Put another way, the monarch fosters national unity at home, represents Spaniards abroad (especially with regard to 8438: 18250: 6577:

Social Security. The programme had little effect. Although the programme failed to, the sharp and prolonged economic crisis from 2010 to 2011, resulted in tens of thousands of immigrants leaving the country due to lack of jobs. In 2011 alone, more than half a million people left Spain. For the first time in decades the net migration rate was expected to be negative, and nine out of 10 emigrants were foreigners.

938: 890: 871: 838: 819: 6990:, which played a pivotal role in the country's formation and subsequent identity. Spanish art, architecture, cuisine, and music have been shaped by successive waves of foreign invaders, as well as by the country's Mediterranean climate and geography. The centuries-long colonial era globalised Spanish language and culture, with Spain also absorbing the cultural and commercial products of its diverse empire. 5655: 5077:, and in all, the Spanish territory is divided into 50 provinces. The communities of Asturias, Cantabria, La Rioja, the Balearic Islands, Madrid, Murcia and Navarre are the only communities that comprise a single province, which is coextensive with the community itself. In these cases, the administrative institutions of the province are replaced by the governmental institutions of the community. 3404: 316: 2259: 4525:. If the Congress of Deputies fails to give its confidence to a new Government within two months, and is thus incapable of governing as a result of parliamentary gridlock, the monarch may dissolve the Cortes Generales and call for fresh elections. The monarch makes use of these reserve powers in his own deliberative judgment after consulting the president of the Congress of Deputies. 2770: 4506:. Of these magistrates, four magistrates are nominated by the Congress of Deputies by a majority of three-fifths of its members, four magistrates are nominated by the Senate with the same majority, two magistrates are nominated by the Government, and two magistrates are nominated by the General Council of the Judiciary. The monarch may choose to accept or refuse any nomination. 4502:. Of these counselors, twelve are nominated by the supreme, appellate and trial courts, four are nominated by the Congress of Deputies by a majority of three-fifths of its members, and four are nominated by the Senate with the same majority. The monarch may choose to accept or refuse any nomination. In a similar vein, the monarch appoints the twelve magistrates of the 2383:) were pursued by the Monarchy with the overarching goal of centralized authority and administrative uniformity. They included the abolishment of many of the old regional privileges and laws, as well as the customs barrier between the Crowns of Aragon and Castile in 1717, followed by the introduction of new property taxes in the Aragonese kingdoms. 8832:(Kingdom of Spain) are equally valid to designate Spain in international treaties. The latter term is widely used by the government in national and international affairs of all kinds, including foreign treaties as well as national official documents, and is therefore recognised as the conventional name by many international organisations. 4930:. The Statutes of Autonomy establish the name of the community according to its historical and contemporary identity, the limits of its territories, the name and organisation of the institutions of government and the rights they enjoy according to the constitution. This ongoing process of devolution means that, while officially a 5066:. The existence of both the provinces and the municipalities is guaranteed and protected by the constitution, not necessarily by the Statutes of Autonomy themselves. Municipalities are granted autonomy to manage their internal affairs, and provinces are the territorial divisions designed to carry out the activities of the State. 3251:, becoming the third country worldwide to do so. Decentralisation was supported with much resistance of Constitutional Court and conservative opposition, so did gender politics like quotas or the law against gender violence. Government talks with ETA happened, and the group announced its permanent cease of violence in 2010. 3197:, and Spain experienced strong economic growth, well above the EU average during the early 2000s. However, well-publicised concerns issued by many economic commentators at the height of the boom warned that extraordinary property prices and a high foreign trade deficit were likely to lead to a painful economic collapse. 7266:(initially a rebellion against French classicism) have been traced back to the last quarter of the 18th century, even if the movement had its heyday between 1835 and 1850, waning thereafter. In a broader definition encompassing the period from 1868 or 1874 to 1936, the so-called Silver Age of Spanish Culture ensued. 3886:, Extremadura and much of the centre of the country. Some areas of Csa, mainly those inland, such as some areas of Extremadura, Castilla-La-Mancha, Madrid and even parts of Andalusia, have cool winters with some continental influences, while the regions with a Mediterranean climate close to the sea have mild winters. 5982:. Spain's population density, at 96/km (249.2/sq mi), is lower than that of most Western European countries and its distribution across the country is very unequal. With the exception of the region surrounding the capital, Madrid, the most populated areas lie around the coast. The population of Spain has risen 5686:. Spain is also Europe's main producer of wind energy. In 2010 its wind turbines generated 16.4% of all electrical energy produced in Spain. On 9 November 2010, wind energy reached a historic peak covering 53% of mainland electricity demand and generating an amount of energy that is equivalent to that of 14 9601:

spread out across many cities. The fact that Germany is an economic powerhouse makes it an attractive destination for those searching for employment after studying. France, the United Kingdom and Italy appear in third, fourth and fifth position. The rest of countries rank behind at a considerable distance.

5588:, a position in the ranking that it was still keeping in 2024. In total, 89% of the vehicles and 60% of the auto-parts manufactured in Spain were exported worldwide in 2023. A total of 2,201,802 made in Spain vehicles were exported in 2023. In 2023, the Spanish automotive industry generated 10% of Spain's 2325:-ridden 17th-century Europe, the Spanish Habsburgs had enmeshed the country in continent-wide religious-political conflicts. These conflicts drained it of resources and undermined the economy generally. Spain managed to hold on to most of the scattered Habsburg empire, and help the imperial forces of the 6003:(TFR) across Spain was 1.16 children born per woman, one of the lowest in the world, below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 5.11 children born per woman in 1865. Spain subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 43.1 years. 2793:. These gave a resounding victory to the Republican-Socialist candidacies in large cities and provincial capitals, with a majority of monarchist councilors in rural areas. The king left the country and the proclamation of the Republic on 14 April ensued, with the formation of a provisional government. 6568:

Another statistically significant factor is the large number of residents of EU origin typically retiring to Spain's Mediterranean coast. In fact, Spain was Europe's largest absorber of migrants from 2002 to 2007, with its immigrant population more than doubling as 2.5 million people arrived. In

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plunged in the 1980s and Spain's population growth rate dropped, the population again trended upward initially upon the return of many Spaniards who had emigrated to other European countries during the 1970s, and more recently, fuelled by large numbers of immigrants who make up 12% of the population.

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Spain's geographic location, popular coastlines, diverse landscapes, historical legacy, vibrant culture, and excellent infrastructure have made the country's international tourist industry among the largest in the world. In the last five decades, international tourism in Spain has grown to become the

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Since the 1990s some Spanish companies have gained multinational status, often expanding their activities in culturally close Latin America. Spain is the second biggest foreign investor there, after the United States. Spanish companies have also expanded into Asia, especially China and India. Spanish

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The 18th century saw a gradual recovery and an increase in prosperity through much of the empire. The predominant economic policy was an interventionist one, and the State also pursued policies aiming towards infrastructure development as well as the abolition of internal customs and the reduction of

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and the sign languages may add up. The number of speakers varies widely and their legal recognition is uneven, with some of the most vulnerable languages lacking any sort of effective protection. Those enjoying recognition as official language in some autonomous communities include Catalan/Valencian

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since 1982, Spain has established itself as a participant in multilateral international security activities. Spain's EU membership represents an important part of its foreign policy. Even on many international issues beyond western Europe, Spain prefers to coordinate its efforts with its EU partners

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Spain is crowned the champion of foreign students. This is thanks to universities such as those in Barcelona, Valencia, Madrid, Granada and Salamanca. Although nowhere near as popular as Spain, we find Germany in second place. It is a country that also has a large number of prestigious universities

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Spain is one of the countries that is most affected by the climate crisis in Europe. Spain could see 2 °C (3.6 °F) warming compared to pre-industrial levels in the next twenty years, in the worst-case scenario Spain will reach 4 °C (7.2 °F) warming by the end of the century. Due

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period, when it became strategically important for the US to establish a military presence on the Iberian Peninsula as a counter to any possible move by the Soviet Union into the Mediterranean basin. US Cold War strategic priorities included the dissemination of American educational ideas to foster

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In 2008, the government instituted a "Plan of Voluntary Return" which encouraged unemployed immigrants from outside the EU to return to their home countries and receive several incentives, including the right to keep their unemployment benefits and transfer whatever they contributed to the Spanish

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of the Crown are those royal prerogatives that are exercised in the monarch's personal discretion. Most of the Crown's royal prerogatives are ministerial in practice, meaning the monarch has no discretion in their execution and primarily performs them as a matter of state ceremonial. Nevertheless,

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with the Government. For this purpose, the monarch may preside at any time over meetings of the Council of Ministers, but only when requested by the prime minister. Moreover, the monarch may prematurely dissolve the Congress of Deputies, the Senate, or both houses of the Cortes in their entirety

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The independence of the Crown, its political neutrality and its wish to embrace and reconcile the different ideological standpoints enable it to contribute to the stability of our political system, facilitating a balance with the other constitutional and territorial bodies, promoting the orderly

7289:. Rarely used before in a written medium, the true fostering of the literary use of the Basque language had to wait until the 1960s, even if some interest towards the language had developed in the late 19th century. 20th-century authors were classified in loose literary generations such as the 2502:

and the unpopular prime minister led to a new declaration of war against Britain and Portugal. French troops entered the country to invade Portugal but instead occupied Spain's major fortresses. The Spanish king abdicated and a puppet kingdom satellite to the French Empire was installed with

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which comes under the control of the Ministry of defense in times of a national emergency. The Spanish defense budget is 5.71 billion euros (US$ 7.2 billion) a 1% increase for 2015. The increase comes because of security concerns in the country. Military conscription was suppressed in 2001.

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were born in Hispania. Christianity was introduced into Hispania in the 1st century CE, and it became popular in the cities in the 2nd century. Most of Spain's present languages and religions, as well as the basis of its laws, originate from this period. Starting in 170 CE, incursions of

6621:. The territoriality created by the form of co-officiality codified in the 1978 Constitution creates an asymmetry, in which Spanish speakers' rights apply to the entire territory whereas vis-à-vis the rest of co-official languages, their speakers' rights only apply in their territories. 4238:(the Spanish Parliament, in its capacity as a constitutional assembly) for the purpose of drafting and approving the constitution of 1978. After a national referendum on 6 December 1978, 88% of voters approved of the new constitution. As a result, Spain successfully transitioned from a 3318:

was discussing approving direct rule over Catalonia as called for by the Spanish Prime Minister. On the same day the Senate granted the power to impose direct rule and Rajoy dissolved the Catalan parliament and called a new election. No country recognised Catalonia as a separate state.

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After the first projection of a cinematographer in Spain by 1896, cinema developed in the following years, with Barcelona becoming the largest production hub in the country (as well as a major European hub) on the eve of the World War I. The conflict offered the Spanish industry of

1903:, nearly all of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Muslims from across the Strait of Gibraltar, resulting in the collapse of the Visigothic Kingdom. Only a small area in the mountainous north of the peninsula stood out of the territory seized during the initial invasion. The 2337:. In the latter half of the 17th century, Spain went into a gradual decline, during which it surrendered several small territories to France and England; however, it maintained and enlarged its vast overseas empire, which remained intact until the beginning of the 19th century. 2824:

and numerous attacks against rival political leaders. On the other hand, it is also during the Second Republic when important reforms to modernize the country were initiated: a democratic constitution, agrarian reform, restructuring of the army, political decentralization and

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Spain's per capita emissions was 4.92 tonnes in 2021, around 1.5 tonnes lower than the EU average. Spain was in 2021 responsible for 0.87% of cumulative global emissions. Spain committed to reduce 23% of emissions compared to 1990 levels in 2030 and to be net zero in 2050.

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In 1469, the crowns of the Christian kingdoms of Castile and Aragon were united by the marriage of their monarchs, Isabella I and Ferdinand II, respectively. In 1492, Jews were forced to choose between conversion to Catholicism or expulsion; as many as 200,000 Jews were

9431: 4968:. The distribution of powers may be different for every community, as laid out in their Statutes of Autonomy, since devolution was intended to be asymmetrical. For instance, only two communities—the Basque Country and Navarre—have full fiscal autonomy based on ancient 7200:

Promoted by the monarchs in the late Middle Ages and even codified in the late 15th century, Castilian (thought to be widespread known as 'Spanish' from the 16th century on) progressively became the language of the elites in the Iberian Peninsula, which ushered in a

3943:, central Aragon and western Catalonia. It is also found in a small area in northern Andalusia and in a small area in central Castilla-León. Precipitation is limited with dry season extending beyond the summer and average temperature depends on altitude and latitude. 291: 279: 278: 2149:

The unification of the crowns of Aragon and Castile by the marriage of their sovereigns laid the basis for modern Spain and the Spanish Empire, although each kingdom of Spain remained a separate country socially, politically, legally, and in currency and language.

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The question was "¿Cómo se define Ud. en materia religiosa: católico/a practicante, católico/a no practicante, creyente de otra religion, agnóstico/a, indiferente o no creyente, o ateo/a?", the weight used was "PESOCCAA" which reflects the population sizes of the

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In 2008, Spain granted citizenship to 84,170 persons, mostly to people from Ecuador, Colombia and Morocco. Spain has a number of descendants of populations from former colonies, especially Latin America and North Africa. Smaller numbers of immigrants from several

285: 283: 290: 282: 281: 280: 2035:, formed from Leonese territory, was its successor as strongest kingdom. The kings and the nobility fought for power and influence in this period. The example of the Roman emperors influenced the political objective of the Crown, while the nobles benefited from 288: 277: 7339:

The construct pertaining a distinctive Spanish philosophical thought has been variously approached by academia, either by diachronically tracing its development throughout the centuries from the Roman conquest of Hispania on (with early representatives such as

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The levels of education are preschool education, primary education, secondary education and post-16 education. In regards to the professional development education or the vocational education, there are three levels besides the university degrees: the

15095: 5751:(CSIC) is the leading public agency dedicated to scientific research in the country. It ranked as the 5th top governmental scientific institution worldwide (and 32nd overall) in the 2018 SCImago Institutions Rankings. Spain was ranked 29th in the 6937:

demonstrated that there were more than 2,100,000 inhabitants of Muslim background living in Spain as of 2019, accounting for 4–5% of the total population of Spain. The vast majority was composed of immigrants and descendants originating from the

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and accounted for 18% of total Spanish exports (including vehicles and auto-parts). External trade surplus of vehicles reached €18.8bn in 2023. The industry generates 9% of total employment, nearly 2 million jobs are linked to this industry.

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Pike, A. W. G.; Hoffmann, D. L.; Garcia-Diez, M.; Pettitt, P. B.; Alcolea, J.; De Balbin, R.; Gonzalez-Sainz, C.; de las Heras, C.; Lasheras, J. A.; Montes, R.; Zilhao, J. (2012). "U-Series Dating of Paleolithic Art in 11 Caves in Spain".

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the monarch as to their appointment and dismissal. Moreover, the prime minister has plenary authority conferred by the Spanish Constitution to direct and coordinate the Government's policies and administrative actions. The Spanish monarch

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Spanish cuisine consists of a great variety of dishes which stem from differences in geography, culture and climate. It is heavily influenced by seafood available from the waters that surround the country, and reflects the country's deep

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until the latter's dissolution in May 2018. The group was formed in 1959 during Franco's rule but had continued to wage its violent campaign even after the restoration of democracy and the return of a large measure of regional autonomy.

2235:, spices, luxuries, and previously unknown plants brought to the metropole played a leading part in transforming the European understanding of the globe. The cultural efflorescence witnessed during this period is now referred to as the 5176:, as it is often referred to in English, which has sought to link the Iberian Peninsula with Hispanic America through language, commerce, history and culture. It is fundamentally "based on shared values and the recovery of democracy." 12086: 5393:

data as of 1 September 2018, 137 of the 350 members of the Congress were women (39.1%), while in the Senate, there were 101 women out of 266 (39.9%), placing Spain 16th on their list of countries ranked by proportion of women in the

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in Spain (particularly in the East of the country, where most of the deposits of gypsum are located). Due to its historical and geographical diversity, Spanish architecture has drawn from a host of influences. Fine examples of

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won the election with 44.6% of votes. As prime minister, he implemented austerity measures for EU bailout, the EU Stability and Growth Pact. On 19 June 2014, the monarch, Juan Carlos, abdicated in favour of his son, who became

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as a result of immigration flows, despite a birth rate that is only half the replacement level. This sudden and ongoing inflow of immigrants, particularly those arriving illegally by sea, has caused noticeable social tension.

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when performing said ministerial acts, the monarch has the right to be consulted before acting on advice, the right to encourage a particular course of action, and the right to warn the responsible constitutional authorities.

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was practically non-existent in Spain from the 1492 expulsion until the 19th century, when Jews were again permitted to enter the country. Currently there are around 62,000 Jews in Spain, or 0.14% of the total population.

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Spain's autonomous communities are the first level administrative divisions of the country. They were created after the current constitution came into effect (in 1978) in recognition of the right to self-government of the

10855: 16658:, 3,961 respondents. The question was "¿Cómo se define Ud. en materia religiosa: católico/a practicante, católico/a no practicante, creyente de otra religión, agnóstico/a, indiferente o no creyente, o ateo/a?". Page 19. 9696:#Linch, John (director), Fernández Castro, María Cruz (del segundo tomo), Historia de España, El País, volumen II, La península Ibérica en época prerromana, p. 40. Dossier. La etimología de España; ¿tierra de conejos?, 3329:, socialist former minister of Health during COVID pandemics in the first coalition Government in Spain, elected first non independentist catalan regional president in over a decade, with also socialist Barcelona major 16630: 11851: 5583:

is one of the largest employers in the country. In 2023, Spain produced 2.45 million cars which makes it the 8th largest automobile producer country in the world and the 2nd largest car manufacturer in Europe after

4992:—were also devolved more powers than the rest of the communities, among them the ability of the regional president to dissolve the parliament and call for elections at any time. In addition, the Basque Country, the 11120: 7050: 8353:), national and local observances. Each municipality is allowed to declare a maximum of 14 public holidays per year; up to nine of these are chosen by the national government and at least two are chosen locally. 5758:

Higher education institutions perform about a 60% of the basic research in the country. Likewise, the contribution of the private sector to R&D expenditures is much lower than in other EU and OECD countries.

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was the strongest Christian kingdom for centuries. In 1188, the first form (restricted to the bishops, the magnates, and 'the elected citizens of each city') of modern parliamentary session in Europe was held in

9323:, 3,961 respondents. The question was "¿Cómo se define Ud. en materia religiosa: católico/a practicante, católico/a no practicante, creyente de otra religión, agnóstico/a, indiferente o no creyente, o ateo/a?". 7407:. Due to historical, geographical and generational diversity, Spanish art has known a great number of influences. The Mediterranean heritage with Greco-Roman and some Moorish influences in Spain, especially in 18023:"Acuerdo entre el Reino de España y Nueva Zelanda sobre participación en determinadas elecciones de los nacionales de cada país residentes en el territorio del otro, hecho en Wellington el 23 de junio de 2009" 12022: 1964:

incursions raided the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula in the 9th and 10th centuries. The first recorded Viking raid on Iberia took place in 844; it ended in failure with many Vikings killed by the Galicians'

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World Health Organization, World Health Staff, (2000), Haden, Angela; Campanini, Barbara, eds., The world health report 2000 – Health systems: improving performance (PDF), Geneva: World Health Organization,

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are the corresponding chancellors for the orders of Isabella the Catholic and of Civil Merit, the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise, and the orders of Saint Raymond of Peñafort and of Constitutional Merit,

6617:)—has effectively been the official language of the entire country since 1931. As allowed in the third article of the Constitution, the other 'Spanish languages' can also become official in their respective 5905: 17423: 3893:

zone has warm rather than hot summers, and extends to additional cool-winter areas not typically associated with a Mediterranean climate, such as much of central and northern-central of Spain (e.g. western

3236:, the issue of responsibility quickly became a political controversy, with the main competing parties PP and PSOE exchanging accusations over the handling of the incident. The PSOE won the election, led by 15073: 10996: 10033: 19821: 11761: 16891: 11355: 4681:

the prime minister after consulting representatives from the different parliamentary groups and in turn formally appoints him or her to office upon a vote of investiture in the Congress of Deputies.

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guaranteed religious tolerance towards Muslims, for a few years before Islam was outlawed in 1502 in Castile and 1527 in Aragon, leading the remaining Muslim population to become nominally Christian

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there was a great political and social upheaval, marked by a sharp radicalization of the left and the right. Instances of political violence during this period included the burning of churches, the

2239:. The expansion of the empire caused immense upheaval in the Americas as the collapse of societies and empires and new diseases from Europe devastated American indigenous populations. The rise of 18012:

Paloma Aguilar, Carsten Humlebæk, "Collective Memory and National Identity in the Spanish Democracy: The Legacies of Francoism and the Civil War", History & Memory, 1 April 2002, pag. 121–164

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were created to support the EU member states to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, and will be in use in the period 2021-2026. In March 2021, Spain became the sixth nation in the world to make

16753: 11948: 7145:, which remained as the standard literary language up until the mid-13th century, whereas Ibero-Romance vernaculars and Basque were spoken. A decisive development ensued in the 13th century in 2156:

was one of the leading world powers throughout the 16th century and most of the 17th century, a position reinforced by trade and wealth from colonial possessions and became the world's leading

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The Plateresque style extended from beginnings of the 16th century until the last third of the century and its stylistic influence pervaded the works of all great Spanish artists of the time.

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for universal representation under a constitutional monarchy was declared, but after the fall of the Bonapartist regime, the Spanish king dismissed the Cortes Generales, set on ruling as an

274: 14631: 7277:. The second half of the 19th century also saw the resurgence of the literary use of local languages other than Spanish under cultural movements inspired by Romanticism such as the Catalan 6916:

in governance, as well as freedom of religion or belief for all, saying that no religion should have a "state character", while allowing for the state to "cooperate" with religious groups.

2537:, was assembled to coordinate the effort against the Bonapartist regime and to prepare a constitution. It met as one body, and its members represented the entire Spanish empire. In 1812, a 16426: 16814: 3621:

in Baleares). These islands are specifically mentioned by the Spanish Constitution, when fixing its Senatorial representation (Ibiza and Formentera are grouped, as they together form the

2117:, during a voyage funded by Isabella. Columbus's first voyage crossed the Atlantic and reached the Caribbean Islands, beginning the European exploration and conquest of the Americas. The 5367:(AI), government investigations of alleged police abuses are often lengthy and punishments were light. Violence against women was a problem, which the Government took steps to address. 17683:

La Spina, V (2018). "Earth and gypsum: From theory to practice in Spanish vernacular architecture". In Mileto, C.; Vegas López-Manzanares, F.; García-Soriano, L.; Cristini, V. (eds.).

14268: 9621: 17258: 14341: 14135: 11874: 5860:, with the trains operated at commercial speeds up to 330 km/h (210 mph). On average, the Spanish high-speed train is the fastest one in the world, followed by the Japanese 4404:"...to faithfully carry out duties, to obey the Constitution and the laws and ensure that they are obeyed, and to respect the rights of citizens and the Self-governing Communities." 2891:

was sworn in as the supreme leader of the rebels on 1 October 1936. An uneasy relationship between the Republican government and the grassroots anarchists who had initiated a partial

17653: 2467: 15365: 9767: 1658:. Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that the Iberian Peninsula acted as one of several major refugia from which northern Europe was repopulated following the end of the 276: 19814: 18769: 2586:

proved futile with opposition not only in the colonies but also in the Iberian peninsula and army revolts followed. By the end of 1826, the only American colonies Spain held were

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A number of constitutional powers, duties, rights, responsibilities, and functions are assigned to the monarch in his or her capacity as head of state. However, the Crown enjoys

18527: 6530:) there were 6.6 million foreign residents in Spain in 2024 (13.5%) while all citizens born outside of Spain were 8.9 million in 2024, 18.31% of the total population. 10329: 4396:. In other words, the Crown is the guardian of the Spanish constitution and of the rights and freedoms of all Spaniards. This stabilising role is in keeping with the monarch's 1577:, meaning "island of rabbits", "land of rabbits" or "edge", a reference to Spain's location at the end of the Mediterranean; Roman coins struck in the region from the reign of 16626: 14917: 5721:. Fossil fuels together generated 58% of Spain's electricity in 2009, just below the OECD mean of 61%. Nuclear power generated another 19%, and wind and hydro about 12% each. 4570:

that serves as the supreme representative body of the Spanish people. Aside from the Crown, it is the only basic State institution that enjoys inviolability. It comprises the

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increased Spain's involvement in religiously charged wars, forcing ever-expanding military efforts across Europe and in the Mediterranean. By the middle decades of a war- and

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Modern humans first arrived in Iberia from the north on foot about 35,000 years ago. The best-known artefacts of these prehistoric human settlements are the paintings in the

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Minority Language Planning and Micronationalism in Italy: An Analysis of the Situation of Friulian, Cimbrian and Western Lombard with Reference to Spanish Minority Languages

11843: 9664: 3342: 2679:. The heavy losses suffered by the colonial troops in conflicts in northern Morocco against Riffians forces brought discredit to the government and undermined the monarchy. 14227: 11094: 5239: 4119:

presents a wide diversity that is due in large part to the geographical position of the Iberian peninsula between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and between Africa and

3935:, eastern Andalusia, various areas of Castilla-la-Mancha, Madrid and some areas of Extremadura. Further to the north, it is predominant in the upper and mid reaches of the 19190: 11112: 7540:, the tomb of Cardinal Tavera in the same Cathedral, and the altarpiece of the Visitation in the church of Santa Úrsula in the same locality. Other notable sculptors were 5096: 2333:

and the United Provinces (Dutch Republic), and eventually suffered some serious military reverses to France in the latter stages of the immensely destructive, Europe-wide

17627: 11146: 5324:

The Spanish armed forces are a professional force with a strength in 2017 of 121,900 active personnel and 4,770 reserve personnel. The country also has the 77,000 strong

4466:

of the Government, the Congress of Deputies, the Senate, the General Council of the Judiciary, or the Constitutional Tribunal, as the case may be. On the other hand, the

19807: 18774: 16735:¿Cómo se define Ud. en materia religiosa: católico/a practicante, católico/a no practicante, creyente de otra religión, agnóstico/a, indiferente o no creyente, o ateo/a? 12116: 4454:

The royal prerogatives may be classified by whether they are ministerial acts or reserve powers. Ministerial acts are those royal prerogatives that are, pursuant to the

7796:

streams. There was then an extraordinary flourishing of the Gothic style that resulted in numerous instances being built throughout the entire territory. The so-called

6813:. The health care is public, universal and free for any legal citizen of Spain. The total health spending is 9.4% of the GDP, slightly above the average of 9.3% of the 4257:. These regions enjoy varying degrees of autonomy thanks to the Spanish Constitution, which nevertheless explicitly states the indivisible unity of the Spanish nation. 3882:

zone is associated with areas with hot summers. It is predominant in the Southern Mediterranean (except southeastern) and Southern Atlantic coast and inland throughout

2868: 2368:

was a wide-ranging international conflict combined with a civil war, and was to cost the kingdom its European possessions and its position as a leading European power.

2004:

achieved temporary unity upon the Muslim-ruled territory, with a stricter, less tolerant application of Islam, and partially reversed some Christian territorial gains.

6787:

currently ranks the overall knowledge and skills of Spanish 15-year-olds as significantly below the OECD average of 493 in reading literacy, mathematics, and science.

2918:

claimed the lives of over 500,000 people and caused the flight of up to a half-million citizens from the country. On 1 April 1939, five months before the beginning of

15712: 14990: 2671:. Although the period around the turn of the century was one of increasing prosperity, the 20th century brought little social peace. Spain played a minor part in the 1539: 21095: 14099: 14067: 12009: 11785:"Effect of the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 on life expectancy across populations in the USA and other high income countries: simulations of provisional mortality data" 16521: 13972: 12048: 11731: 17432: 16028: 15946: 15594: 14574: 9683: 9399: 786: 15980: 15631: 11700: 10988: 8820:(Spanish Nation) are used throughout the document, sometimes interchangeably. In 1984, the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs established that the denominations 4058:, although they cannot properly be classified as tropical climates, as according to AEMET, their aridity is high, thus belonging to an arid or semi-arid climate. 2789:

After a period of Crown-supported dictatorship from 1923 to 1931, the first elections since 1923, largely understood as a plebiscite on Monarchy, took place: the

20573: 18779: 15065: 14415: 10022: 4918:". The autonomous communities were to comprise adjacent provinces with common historical, cultural, and economic traits. This territorial organisation, based on 1996:

in 1085 marked a significant shift in the balance of power in favour of the Christian kingdoms. The arrival from North Africa of the Islamic ruling sects of the

14494: 14166: 6909:. Most Spaniards do not participate regularly in religious services. Recent polls and surveys suggest that around 30% of the Spanish population is irreligious. 4353:. Rather, the Crown, as an institution, "...arbitrates and moderates the regular functioning of the institutions..." of the Spanish state. As such, the monarch 3043: 20339: 18456: 11753: 4478:

to maintain the continuity and stability of state institutions. For example, the monarch has the right to be kept informed on affairs of state through regular

1181: 16469: 14394: 13936: 11347: 11080: 8303:, which stimulated a great deal of interest in sports in the country. The tourism industry has led to an improvement in sports infrastructure, especially for 16883: 8510:) or have some degree of recognition. In each of these, Spain's conventional long name for international affairs in Spanish laws and the most used (Spanish: 7273:, which offered depictions of contemporary life and society 'as they were', rather than romanticised or stylised presentations. The major realist writer was 4972:

provisions. Nevertheless, each autonomous community is responsible for healthcare and education, among other public services. Beyond these competencies, the

2961:", sometimes understood as a wider structure than the FET y de las JONS proper, largely imposed over the later's name in official documents along the 1950s. 17848: 15366:"Algae Based Biofuels in Plain English: Why it Matters, How it Works. (algae algaebiofuels carbonsequestration valcent vertigro algaebasedbiofuels ethanol)" 13808: 11507: 10785: 10140: 9999: 6740:

State education in Spain is free and compulsory from the age of six to sixteen. The current education system is regulated by the 2006 educational law, LOE (

6573:

reported that Spain was the most favoured destination for Western Europeans considering a move from their own country and seeking jobs elsewhere in the EU.

19181: 16443: 13853: 5963: 4964:

The autonomous communities have wide legislative and executive autonomy, with their own elected parliaments and governments as well as their own dedicated

1757:(Latinised) at different rates depending on what part of the peninsula they lived in, with local leaders being admitted into the Roman aristocratic class. 1491: 15897: 14308: 3090:

let people of Franco's regime continue inside institutions without consequences, even perpetrators of some crimes during transition to democracy like the

21130: 21125: 21120: 15343: 7944: 7788:

style when for a while isolated from contemporary mainstream European architectural influences during the earlier Middle Ages, they later integrated the

6011: 5465: 2211:

expanded across vast areas in the Americas, the Indo-Pacific, Africa as well as the European continent (including holdings in the Italian Peninsula, the

20671: 19013: 17952: 16400: 14185: 12639: 9057:. The Spanish Constitution mandates the monarch grant royal assent to each bill within fifteen days of its passage; he or she does not have a right to 8340: 8022:

roots. Spain's extensive history with many cultural influences has led to a unique cuisine. In particular, three main divisions are easily identified:

3412: 16749: 16495: 15129: 13789: 11945: 11018:Óscar, Martín García (May 2023). "Soft Power, Modernization, and Security: US Educational Foreign Policy Toward Authoritarian Spain in the Cold War". 5748: 20666: 20120: 14476: 12573: 7692: 3517: 15428: 2950: 2922:, the rebel side led by Franco emerged victorious, imposing a dictatorship over the whole country. Thousands were imprisoned after the civil war in 17926: 16032: 15503: 14954: 11570: 11416: 9277: 8480: 5876: 4690: 1701:

expanded inland towards the meseta; however, due to the bellicose inland tribes, the Carthaginians settled on the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula.

1602:, meaning "edge" or "border", another reference to the fact that the Iberian Peninsula constitutes the southwest corner of the European continent. 772: 15451: 14757: 14705: 14628: 14446: 11984: 10238: 10063: 9527: 9008: 21085: 20646: 20641: 16421: 12793: 12684: 11595: 11143:"Speech by Mrs Nicole FONTAINE, President of the European Parliament on the occasion of the presentation of the Sakharov Prize 2000 to Basta ya!" 9939: 6927: 5883:(El Prat) is also important, with 50 million passengers in 2023, being the world's 30th-busiest airport. Other main airports are located in 5360:"protect all Spaniards and all the peoples of Spain in the exercise of human rights, their cultures and traditions, languages and institutions". 4678: 3038: 16803: 15155: 11168: 10404: 9605: 1673:. The Iberians inhabited the Mediterranean side of the peninsula. The Celts inhabited much of the interior and Atlantic sides of the peninsula. 20970: 18591: 18521: 15121: 14599: 11324: 9020: 6780: 1420: 18030: 16326: 16006: 15874: 14825: 7486:

is a well-known modern impressionist painter and there are many important Spanish painters belonging to the modernism art movement, including

5309:. The next military authorities in line are the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defence. The fourth military authority of the State is the 19008: 17397: 15247: 13994: 9629: 9004: 8344: 5250: 2571: 894: 17486: 17247: 14895: 14331: 13831: 3121:. King Juan Carlos took personal command of the military and successfully ordered the coup plotters, via national television, to surrender. 2375:, was installed. The Crowns of Castile and Aragon had been long united only by the Monarchy and the common institution of the Inquisition's 1957:(Muslims of ethnic Iberian origin) are believed to have formed the majority of the population of Al-Andalus by the end of the 10th century. 21100: 21090: 20113: 18927: 15849: 15176:

Energy in Sweden, Facts and figures, The Swedish Energy Agency, (in Swedish: Energiläget i siffror), Table for figure 49. Source: IEA/OECD

14041: 11385: 9344: 4455: 3349:. In 2019, the first ever coalicion government in Spain was formed, between PSOE and Unidas Podemos. Between 2018 and 2024, Spain faced an 2302:. However, during the middle decades of the 17th century Spain's maritime power went into a long decline with mounting defeats against the 949: 17070: 16384: 15796: 15767: 13910: 7708: 6527: 5836:

As of July 2024, the Spanish high-speed rail network is the longest HSR network in Europe with 3,966 km (2,464 mi) and the

2598:(a reactionary legitimist movement supportive of an alternative Bourbon branch), fought against the government forces supportive of Queen 20613: 20581: 20303: 17343: 17224: 17058: 16204: 15369: 12440: 10446: 10179: 9759: 9377: 9260: 6027:

countries have recently been settling in Spain. There are also sizeable numbers of Asian immigrants, most of whom are of Middle Eastern,

5933: 4435:

in turn transfers political and legal liability for the royal prerogative to the attesting parties. This provision does not apply to the

4138:

regions, each with its own floral characteristics resulting largely from the interaction of climate, topography, soil type and fire, and

3139:

During the 1980s the democratic restoration made possible a growing open society. New cultural movements based on freedom appeared, like

3051:

In 1962, a group of politicians involved in the opposition to Franco's regime inside the country and in exile met in the congress of the

2739:

Political corruption and repression weakened the democratic system of the constitutional monarchy of a two-parties system. The July 1909

17809: 16584: 16555: 14921: 14727: 11222: 10903: 5996:

times since 1900, when it stood at 18.6 million, principally due to the spectacular demographic boom in the 1960s and early 1970s.

4054:. Low-lying areas of the Canary Islands average above 18.0 °C (64.4 °F) during their coolest month, thus having influences of 2984:

After the war Spain was politically and economically isolated, and was kept out of the United Nations. This changed in 1955, during the

1992:) to the Northern Christian kingdoms, which otherwise undertook a southward territorial expansion. The capture of the strategic city of 20636: 20382: 20332: 17556: 16124: 15222:

Dutta, Soumitra; Lanvin, Bruno; Wunsch-Vincent, Sacha; León, Lorena Rivera; World Intellectual Property Organization (7 January 2024).

14542: 10748: 9115:, on the advice of the Government. Before tendering advice, the Government is required to consult the General Council of the Judiciary. 5537: 5378:

in 2013, Spain is rated first in acceptance of homosexuality, with 88% of those surveyed saying that homosexuality should be accepted.

3350: 3311: 3224:

carried out the largest terrorist attack in Western European history when they killed 191 people and wounded more than 1,800 others by

1742:

captured Carthaginian trading colonies along the Mediterranean coast. Although it took the Romans nearly two centuries to complete the

736: 16670: 11933: 11476: 10321: 7046: 19070: 16303: 15662: 9119: 5920: 3416: 2855:

that triumphed in only part of the country. The situation led to a civil war, in which the territory was divided into two zones: one

842: 18193: 16861: 16651: 10299: 9316: 6835: 3247:

increased rapidly during its economic boom but then declined due to the financial crisis. In 2005, the Spanish government legalised

20577: 19174: 18512: 16689: 16086: 15924: 12213: 9142: 4254: 3927:) is predominant in the southeastern quarter of the country, but is also widespread in other areas of Spain. It covers most of the 2693:

Industrialisation, the development of railways and incipient capitalism developed in several areas of the country, particularly in

1921:. For several centuries, the fluctuating frontier between the Muslim and Christian-controlled areas of the peninsula was along the 1110: 17871: 16708: 12140:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 9816: 9656: 8894:

Those nationwide institutions are the Crown, the Cortes Generales, the Government, the Judiciary, and the Constitutional Tribunal.

8225:

have been played in Spain as far back as Roman times, sport in Spain has been dominated by football since the early 20th century.

7567:

belonged, whose most celebrated works are the Crucifix in the Cathedral of Seville, another in Vergara, and a Saint John; and the

4073:

to declining rainfall Spain's droughts which are already one of the worst in Europe will be ten times worse compared to 2023. The

3594:, located in the Mediterranean between Spain and North Africa, is also administered by Spain, specifically by the municipality of 3322: 1768:, and wine. Agricultural production increased with the introduction of irrigation projects, some of which remain in use. Emperors 19957: 19475: 19045: 14208: 13878: 11294: 11267: 11248: 11098: 8944:

is but one example of the Crown exercising its influence as the moderating branch to defend democracy and uphold the rule of law.

8250: 8202: 6986:

of Europe, and has been noted for its international cultural influence. Spanish culture is marked by strong historic ties to the

3148: 2872: 2663:

was fought in the spring of 1898 and resulted in Spain losing the last of its once vast colonial empire outside of North Africa.

1883: 1743: 1185: 19756:

within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.

12236: 7983: 6752:(Wert Law). Since 1970 to 2014, Spain has had seven different educational laws (LGE, LOECE, LODE, LOGSE, LOPEG, LOE and LOMCE). 5488:

rate (26.5% in April 2024) is extremely high compared to EU standards. Perennial weak points of Spain's economy include a large

4149:

Within the European territory, Spain has the largest number of plant species (7,600 vascular plants) of all European countries.

2514:

was one of many uprisings across the country against the French occupation. These revolts marked the beginning of a devastating

20691: 18796: 18320: 17978: 17617: 16105: 15200: 11142: 10355: 6998: 5556:

and infrastructure, with six of the ten biggest international construction firms specialising in transport being Spanish, like

4077:

estimated that 4,000 people died in 2022 due to heat related stress in Spain. 74% of the country is at risk of desertification

2856: 2247:

and new geographical discoveries and conquests raised issues that were addressed by the intellectual movement now known as the

16145: 15525: 12108: 11537: 11446: 9622:"572 millones de personas hablan español, cinco millones más que hace un año, y aumentarán a 754 millones a mediados de siglo" 7205:

in the 16th and 17th centuries, also in the science domain, eclipsing Galician and Catalan. Famous Early Modern works include

4419:

in the very courts which administer justice in its name. For this reason, every official act done by the monarch requires the

3748:(often translated as 'Inner Plateau') is a vast plateau in the heart of peninsular Spain split in two by the Sistema Central. 2364:

The decline culminated in a controversy over succession to the throne which consumed the first years of the 18th century. The

1843:, in the south, with the intention of reviving Roman rule throughout Iberia. Eventually, however, Hispania was reunited under 1313:

reached a global scale and spread across all continents, underpinning the rise of a global trading system fueled primarily by

20325: 19065: 18065: 17725: 17696: 17105: 16198: 16062: 15241: 14672: 12652: 12434: 10831: 10742: 10507: 9845:), the Basque Country (Santimamiñe) and Catalonia. The radiocarbon datations give the following dates: 32,425 and 29,515 BP. 9701: 9012: 8764: 8234: 7652:

were created in 1932. The government imposition of dubbing of foreign films in 1941 accustomed Spanish audiences to watching

6934: 6690: 6393: 6168: 6114: 6099: 6094: 6079: 6031:

and Chinese origin. The single largest group of immigrants are European; represented by large numbers of Romanians, Britons,

5978: 5774: 5573: 4799: 4611: 4428: 4381: 3955: 3006: 2575: 2408: 1479: 1334: 565: 522: 20357: 16789: 15737: 13585: 9490: 8970: 8380:. It has become one of the most internationally renowned fiestas in Spain, with over 1,000,000 people attending every year. 5492:, and an education system which OECD reports place among the poorest for developed countries, along with the United States. 5211:; it was the subject of an armed incident between Spain and Morocco in 2002. Morocco claims the Spanish cities of Ceuta and 2718: 2078:(the remaining Muslim-ruled polity in the Iberian Peninsula after 1246) capitulated in 1492 to the military strength of the 1349:

that lasted until 1975. With the restoration of democracy and its entry into the European Union, the country experienced an

21075: 20370: 16994: 16831: 15977: 15322:"Mapping heterogeneity in a research system: The emergence of a 'hybrid' organizational field between science and industry" 14980: 14851: 12284: 11669: 11639: 11613: 9497: 7157:

across the Crown of Castile up until the 16th century. The Romance variety preferred in Eastern Iberia for lyrical poetry,

6744:), or Fundamental Law for the Education. In 2014, the LOE was partially modified by the newer and controversial LOMCE law ( 3303: 3267: 3022: 2930: 15709: 14106: 14074: 7861: 7360:); or simply by outright denying its existence. The crux around the existence of a Spanish philosophy pitted the likes of 6518: 4517:

and, as the case may be, appoints or removes him or her from office based on the prime minister's ability to maintain the

2957:

and the Carlist traditionalists and to which the rest of right-wing groups supporting the rebels also added. The name of "

20719: 20394: 19167: 18433: 17753: 16525: 11723: 10554: 10473: 10109: 9969: 8982: 7420: 6614: 6044: 4369: 3091: 2809: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2687: 1302: 1154: 17147:"The spread of Castilian/Spanish in Spain and the Americas: A relatively successful language standardisation experience" 16968: 16036: 15953: 9679: 7972: 6700:

Spanish is natively spoken by 74%, Catalan/Valencian by 17%, Galician by 7% and Basque by 2% of the Spanish population.

5630:

second largest in the world in terms of spending, worth approximately 40 billion Euros or about 5% of GDP in 2006.

3583: 3486: 21021: 20415: 20307: 20136: 19659: 18718: 16728: 15617: 11692: 8966: 8842: 7820: 5497: 5461: 5310: 5070: 4912: 4711: 3428: 2722: 1451: 875: 17654:"El Festival de San Sebastián y el de Málaga, entre las diez iniciativas culturales más importantes de España en 2021" 14411: 14157: 11844:"Luz verde definitiva: la ley de eutanasia ya es una realidad en España tras superar su último trámite en el Congreso" 9916: 2594:. The Napoleonic War left Spain economically ruined, deeply divided and politically unstable. In the 1830s and 1840s, 2387:

export tariffs. Projects of agricultural colonisation with new settlements took place in the south of mainland Spain.

1941: 20651: 18806: 18126: 18105: 17337: 17029: 16948: 16614: 16349: 16263: 15581: 15395: 14629:

Spain's Black Market Economy Is Worth 20% of Its GDP: One million Spanish people have jobs in the underground economy

14490: 12352: 10960: 10897: 10707: 10672: 10651: 10581: 10527: 10440: 10382: 10285: 10173: 9032: 7263: 7256: 4662: 4634: 4518: 3237: 2311: 2299: 2193: 15016: 10975: 7411:, is still evident today. European influences include Italy, Germany and France, especially during the Renaissance, 21110: 20709: 18559: 18398: 13943: 11072: 9574:

Flynn, Dennis O.; Giráldez Source, Arturo (1995). "Born with a 'Silver Spoon': The Origin of World Trade in 1571".

7382: 7185: 5837: 4499: 4143: 3354: 2591: 2523: 2181: 1636: 1201: 580: 17: 17783: 16522:"La Formación Profesional actual en el sistema educativo – TodoFP│Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional" 16473: 14520: 14391: 3872: 3863:

is characterised by warm/hot and dry summers and is the predominant climate in the country. It has two varieties:

3829: 3419:. It is some 47,000 km (18,000 sq mi) smaller than France. At 3,715 m (12,188 ft), Mount 2714: 20991: 20784: 20606: 19724: 18821: 18764: 18634: 18586: 18581: 18554: 18517: 18423: 17840: 16768: 13804: 12017: 11499: 10132: 9123: 8674: 5730: 4705: 4250: 4130:

The vegetation of Spain is varied due to several factors including the diversity of the terrain, the climate and

3607: 3152: 3083: 3075: 3034: 2733: 2574:. Starting in 1809 the American colonies began a series of revolutions and declared independence, leading to the 1146: 16447: 15901: 15819: 14363: 14020: 13846: 9083:

of the next Cortes. These functions are performed in accordance with the strictures of the Spanish Constitution.

7952: 6187: 5868:. Regarding punctuality, it is second in the world (98.5% on-time arrival) after the Japanese Shinkansen (99%). 5180: 3966:, and partly Galicia and Castile–León). It is also found in northern Navarre, in most highlands areas along the 3427:) is the highest mountain peak in Spain and is the third largest volcano in the world from its base. Spain is a 2954: 1524:. The etymological origin of the term Hispania is uncertain, although the Phoenicians referred to the region as 358: 211: 21080: 20656: 17182: 14800: 14300: 10087: 9087: 8958: 8254: 8210: 6806: 6134: 5221:

islets off the northern coast of Africa. Portugal does not recognise Spain's sovereignty over the territory of

4965: 4646: 4642: 4474:

The aforesaid limitations do not apply to the Crown's reserve powers, which may be invoked by the monarch when

4339: 2287: 1896: 1455: 823: 15321: 9149:

in the gift of the state, all done on the advice of the prime minister or another minister designated thereby.

7948: 7564: 7536:

School) is called the "Prince of Spanish sculpture". His main works were the upper stalls of the choir of the

7361: 3010: 1746:, they retained control of it for over six centuries. Roman rule was bound together by law, language, and the 20661: 18836: 18654: 18428: 9549: 9101: 8986: 8974: 8912: 8864:), large estates controlled by the aristocracy, were superimposed on the existing Iberian landholding system. 8475: 8465: 7987: 7978:

Thousands of music fans also travel to Spain each year for internationally recognised summer music festivals

7560: 7010: 4650: 4503: 4229: 3538: 3374: 3233: 2923: 2880: 2801: 2583: 2400: 2365: 2349: 2161: 1061: 17948: 14182: 9254: 7729: 7465: 7236: 3346: 21070: 21065: 19572: 18759: 18723: 18549: 16499: 14468: 13785: 9134: 9016: 8916: 8291:

also can boast of Spanish champions. Today, Spain is a major world sports powerhouse, especially since the

7880:, a West Andalusian musical genre, which is not widespread outside that region. Various regional styles of 7568: 7252: 7054: 6320: 5830: 5580: 5357: 5188: 5184: 4694: 4658: 4216:

The constitutional history of Spain dates back to the constitution of 1812. In June 1976, Spain's new King

4167: 3279: 3071: 2797: 2790: 2728:

Catalanism and Vasquism, alongside other nationalisms and regionalisms in Spain, arose in that period: the

2538: 2452: 2329:

reverse a large part of the advances made by Protestant forces, but it was finally forced to recognise the

2106: 1859: 1294: 1221: 1018: 1014: 693: 20443: 14336: 13321: 8124:

ham. The best known cuisine of the northern countries often rely on ocean seafood, as in the Basque-style

7599: 7443: 19750:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.

18826: 18350: 18187: 18000: 16747: 15420: 9439: 8990: 7832: 7248: 6545:, and Chinese. There are more than 200,000 migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa living in Spain, principally 5485: 5428: 5279: 5111: 4673: 4603: 4463: 4331: 3365:, causing life expectancy to drop by more than a year. The European Commission economic recovery package 3156: 3132: 2619: 2199: 1483: 17910: 15495: 14944: 11560: 11408: 9461: 9281: 7131: 3978:) also occurs. Winter and summer temperatures are influenced by the ocean, and have no seasonal drought. 3117:

On 23 February 1981, rebel elements among the security forces seized the Cortes in an attempt to impose

2647:, we can read the progressive motto "Viva España con honra", as well as the federal and republican ideas 1544: 21105: 20599: 18686: 18383: 18313: 17021: 15470: 14749: 14697: 14600:"Expansión / Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate) - Spain" 14438: 12572:

Robert Blackburn (2022). O. Lepsius; A. Nußberger; C. Schönberger; C. Waldhoff & C. Walter (eds.).

11977: 11875:"Socialist leader Pedro Sánchez wins new term as Spanish PM following election gamble – as it happened" 10643: 10059: 9995: 9199: 8280: 8238: 7270: 6768:(medium level vocation education) which can be studied after studying the secondary education, and the 5623: 5424: 5403: 5086: 4606:

to serve four-year terms. On the other hand, 208 senators are directly elected by popular vote using a

4440: 3378: 3362: 3248: 3225: 2892: 2842: 2651:

In the late 19th century nationalist movements arose in the Philippines and Cuba. In 1895 and 1896 the

2479: 2330: 2011: 1306: 1042: 1037: 1008: 980: 654: 15038: 12693: 11585: 10408: 6776:(higher level vocational education), which can be studied after studying the post-16 education level. 6015:

The immigrants originate mainly in Latin America (39%), North Africa (16%), Eastern Europe (15%), and

4298:, which it refers to as "basic State institutions". Foremost amongst these institutions is the Crown ( 35: 19799: 19080: 18860: 18786: 18532: 18476: 18471: 15151: 11160: 10948: 9602: 9072: 9024: 8941: 8258: 7828: 7310: 7084: 6810: 5968: 5884: 5691: 5390: 5195:; Spain claims that they are rocks rather than islands, and therefore does not accept the Portuguese 5107: 5045: 4495: 4074: 3987: 3513: 3291: 3275: 3244: 3164: 3014: 2852: 2652: 2607: 2587: 2526:, led to the retreat of French imperial armies from the Iberian Peninsula in 1814, and the return of 2434: 2185: 2132: 1976:

In the 11th century, the Caliphate of Córdoba collapsed, fracturing into a series of petty kingdoms (

1263: 18236: 15998: 15789:"Cifras de Población (CP) a 1 de abril de 2024 Estadística de Migraciones (EM). Datos provisionales" 11316: 8365: 7541: 6967: 5607: 1796: 1724: 1321:

centralized mainland Spain. In the 19th century, after the Napoleonic occupation and the victorious

19839: 19055: 18701: 18576: 18373: 18075: 18022: 16355: 15013:"Spain becomes the first European wind energy producer after overcoming Germany for the first time" 14829: 13914: 12528: 11934:

https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20230113/encuesta-independencia-catalunya-icps-uab-81112066

9108: 8904: 8336: 7306: 7274: 6729: 6359: 5924: 5740: 5407: 5103: 5091: 4436: 4389: 3533: 3172: 3087: 2994: 2729: 2676: 2660: 2412: 1754: 1677:

occupied the western area of the Pyrenees mountain range and adjacent areas; Phoenician-influenced

1495: 1376: 17378: 17248:"La 'Edad de Plata' (1868-1936) y las generaciones de la Edad de Plata : cultura y filología" 15882: 15223: 14887: 14782: 12506: 4015: 3618: 1915:

in the mountainous north, eventually surged upon the consolidation of counties of the Carolingian

18816: 18674: 18413: 17482: 17097: 13823: 9798: 8296: 7789: 7749: 7118: 6983: 6733: 6533:

According to residence permit data for 2011, more than 860,000 were Romanian, about 770,000 were

6104: 6084: 5752: 5710: 5695: 5243: 5196: 5063: 5053: 4638: 4514: 4491: 4483:

before the expiration of their four-year term and, in consequence thereof, concurrently call for

4424: 4385: 4303: 4246: 4207: 4067: 3579: 3263: 3095: 2813: 2420: 2322: 2314:; by the 1660s it was struggling to defend its overseas possessions from pirates and privateers. 2189: 1435: 1431: 927: 800: 550: 410: 16913: 15856: 14134:(in Spanish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain. January 2008. Archived from 11964: 11377: 10723: 9333: 7712: 7678:

Distinct exploitation genres that flourished in the second half of the 20th century include the

5569: 5293:

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) leaders at the NATO Summit in Madrid, June 29–30, 2022

2911: 20729: 20349: 19857: 19245: 18754: 18403: 18393: 18253: 18220: 17594: 17047:"Literatura hispanorromance primigenia : la glosa conoajutorio del Codex Aemilianensis 60" 16379: 16336:. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico da Universidade de Compostela. p. 175. 16190: 12462: 11922: 11911: 10889: 10603:

Serrano Daura, Josep (2019). "Una aproximación a la Corona de Aragón de Fernando el Católico".

9722: 9094: 8556: 6923: 6809:) is considered one of the best in the world, in 7th position in the ranking elaborated by the 6618: 5667: 5663: 5589: 4761: 4327: 4295: 3689: 3370: 3283: 3229: 3110: 3059: 2629: 2614: 2527: 2404: 2388: 2353: 2318: 1969:; and seventy of the Vikings' longships captured on the beach and burned by the troops of King 1400: 1330: 850: 794: 197: 31: 20317: 18597: 17323: 17212: 17204: 17046: 16182: 14735: 13431: 13343: 13145: 13101: 13035: 12424: 10952: 10817: 10430: 10163: 9369: 9246: 8802:

The Spanish Constitution does not contain any one official name for Spain. Instead, the terms

8262: 5438: 5217: 3569: 3140: 3047:

Juan Carlos I before the Cortes Españolas, during his proclamation as King on 22 November 1975

2644: 2639: 2624: 2100:

Late 16th-century Seville, the harbor enjoying the exclusive right to trade with the New World

1719: 21115: 21001: 19989: 19728: 19591: 19562: 19093: 19050: 18947: 18907: 18882: 18691: 18639: 18306: 18224: 17817: 17717: 17393: 16577: 16547: 14216:

Encuentros: Revista luso-española de investigadores en Ciencias humanas y sociales. Separatas

13739: 13717: 13695: 13673: 13651: 13629: 13607: 13541: 13519: 13497: 13475: 13453: 13409: 13387: 13365: 13299: 13277: 13255: 13233: 13211: 13189: 13167: 13123: 13079: 13057: 13013: 12991: 12969: 12947: 12925: 12903: 12881: 12859: 12837: 12815: 12716:(Speech). Hugo Wolfsohn Memorial Lecture. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: La Trobe University 12484: 12379: 12327: 12049:"Spain is getting 'hotter, drier and more flammable' due to climate change, Greenpeace warns" 11214: 10881: 9744: 9170:

on the advice of the prime minister and with the prior authorization of the Cortes Generales.

9028: 8661: 8354: 8332: 7964: 7179: 7088: 6902: 5957: 5517: 5481: 5477: 5364: 5345: 5314: 4475: 4358: 4302:), the symbol of the Spanish state and its permanence. Spain's "parliamentary monarchy" is a 4287: 4023: 3860: 3733: 3205: 2934: 2812:

followed. In the election held in 1933 the right triumphed and in 1936, the left. During the

2656: 2475: 2128: 1808: 1659: 990: 986: 754: 707: 217: 17533: 16667: 14549: 12550: 12401: 10727: 7908: 7480:, the fights between liberals and absolutists, and the rise of contemporary nations-states. 7447: 7327: 7194: 7190: 5480:

worked successfully to gain admission to the group of countries launching the euro in 1999.

4533: 1872: 18980: 18912: 18902: 18749: 18708: 18696: 18363: 15626: 14976: 12151: 11468: 10551:"A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 14 Spanish Society and Economics in the Imperial Age" 10495: 9865: 9715:

A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic, Volume 1

9157: 9138: 9112: 8962: 8954: 8377: 8292: 7758: 7754: 7724: 7653: 7628: 7400:

Artists from Spain have been highly influential in the development of various European and

7302: 7298: 7294: 7244: 7228: 6796: 6606: 6513: 6109: 6089: 6000: 5892: 5833:

said that "the electric vehicle is the future and the engine of an industrial revolution."

5826: 5675: 5351: 5259: 5234: 5130: 5014: 4717: 4571: 4567: 4538: 4522: 4510: 4448: 4412: 4291: 4221: 4152:

In Spain there are 17.804 billion trees and an average of 284 million more grow each year.

3705: 3562:

in the Atlantic Ocean and a number of uninhabited islands on the Mediterranean side of the

3338: 3183: 3155:(PSOE) came to power, the first left-wing government in 43 years. In 1986 Spain joined the 3018: 2763: 2668: 2599: 2511: 2499: 2334: 2110: 2007: 1970: 1876: 1665:

The two largest groups inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula before the Roman conquest were the

1364: 1318: 1000: 680: 634: 416: 20406: 18177: 18116: 18095: 16748:

Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (Centre for Sociological Research) (October 2019).

16299: 15652: 14269:"El jefe del Estado Mayor del Ejército de Tierra y 11 tenientes generales aspiran a JEMAD" 12755:"Monarchy and Democracy: The Political Role of King Juan Carlos in the Spanish Transicion" 7997:, the guitar, originated in Spain. Typical of the north are the traditional bag pipers or 5773:

The Spanish road system is mainly centralised, with six highways connecting Madrid to the

5678:

world leader when it overtook the United States with a massive power station plant called

4439:, over which the monarch enjoys absolute control and supervision, or to membership in the 8: 20799: 20495: 20216: 19980: 19684: 19517: 19315: 19030: 18917: 18897: 18887: 18669: 18644: 18408: 17688: 16857: 14472: 13630:"Part V. Relations Between the Government and the Cortes Generales, Spanish Constitution" 12079:"Faced with an early heat wave and a major drought, Spain questions its water management" 10261: 9842: 9791: 9242: 9195: 9068: 8507: 8392: 8268: 8246: 8198: 8160: 7800:

came to designate works by Muslims, Christians and Jews in lands conquered from Muslims.

7793: 7595: 7537: 7224: 7213: 7154: 7111: 7092: 7074: 7026: 7020: 6678: 6653: 6479: 6461: 6241: 6152: 5782: 5706: 5375: 5325: 5208: 5062:, which served as their territorial building blocks. In turn, provinces are divided into 4927: 4754: 4732: 4626: 4350: 4323: 4319: 3991: 3932: 3903: 3563: 3447: 3443: 2958: 2826: 2778: 2755: 2740: 2717:, was founded in 1888. In the anarcho-syndicalist trend of the labour movement in Spain, 2672: 2633: 2553: 2483: 2376: 2307: 2248: 2244: 2058:

entered in a dynastic union and gained territory and power in the Mediterranean. In 1229

2051: 2043: 1904: 1554: 1533: 1404: 1253: 1233: 478: 466: 19663: 16705: 16686: 16470:"Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO)│Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional" 15916: 12205: 12155: 9869: 9812: 8412: 8249:, and is the first team ever to win three back-to-back major international tournaments. 8169: 8066: 7887:

In the field of classical music, Spain has produced a number of noted composers such as

6946:) and other African countries. More than 879,000 (42%) of them had Spanish nationality. 6257: 4782: 3954:) is located in the northern quarter of the country, especially in the Atlantic region ( 3895: 3377:, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez once again formed a coalition government, this time with 2883:. The Republic was not supported by the Western powers due to the British-led policy of 1571:

would mean "the land where metals are forged". It may be a derivation of the Phoenician

19970: 19583: 19159: 19025: 19020: 18922: 18892: 18841: 18681: 18664: 18603: 18500: 18466: 18358: 18182: 17599: 17292: 17174: 16269: 16083: 15657: 15302: 12774: 12593: 12182: 12139: 11819: 11784: 11053: 10291: 10230: 9897: 9583: 9163: 9153: 9080: 8702: 8690: 8634: 8526: 8503: 8175: 8099: 7994: 7912: 7840: 7807:

produced much of the architecture of the 20th century. An influential style centred in

7699: 7665: 7364:(chief architect of the myth around it) against Antonio Pérez. Foreign imports such as 7322: 7290: 7202: 7098: 7070: 7066: 6724: 6682: 6657: 6625: 6595: 6586: 6016: 5768: 5521: 5333: 5306: 5302: 5126: 5059: 5049: 4669: 4654: 4544: 4479: 4416: 4335: 4234: 3899: 3836: 3736:, is the highest elevation in the Iberian Peninsula. The highest point in Spain is the 3575: 3502: 3451: 3398: 3366: 3307: 3258:

Demonstration against the crisis and high youth unemployment in Madrid, 15 October 2011

3201: 3102: 2977: 2821: 2416: 2236: 2165: 2075: 2032: 1908: 1844: 1781: 1714: 1694: 1627: 1622: 1380: 1354: 1262:, repelling Islamic rule in Iberia, which culminated with the Christian seizure of the 1249: 1241: 1213: 723: 169: 79: 20105: 18097:

La Sierra de Atapuerca y el Valle del Arlanzón. Patrones de asentamiento prehistóricos

17209:

Cuadernos de Ilustración y Romanticismo: Revista del Grupo de Estudios del siglo XVIII

13885: 11290: 11263: 11244: 10735:

El Siglo de las Luces: III Centenario del Nacimiento de José de Hermosilla (1715-1776)

10202: 7900: 7734: 7632: 7483: 7451: 7394: 7165:

in the 14th and 15th centuries. Major literary works from the Middle Ages include the

6218: 6065: 5008: 4513:

that are perhaps the most frequently exercised. The monarch nominates a candidate for

4027: 3967: 3709: 3385:). In 2024, the first non-independentist catalan regional president in over a decade, 3168: 3128: 2534: 2456: 2440: 2019: 1237: 20996: 20774: 20676: 20622: 19831: 19782: 19290: 19040: 18952: 18937: 18932: 18872: 18811: 18801: 18713: 18622: 18608: 18564: 18543: 18481: 18122: 18101: 18061: 17918: 17879: 17721: 17692: 17548: 17333: 17216: 17178: 17166: 17101: 17062: 17025: 16944: 16610: 16345: 16273: 16259: 16239: 16194: 15622: 15577: 15462: 15306: 15237: 14219: 14193: 12648: 12597: 12430: 12244: 12187: 12169: 11960: 11882: 11824: 11806: 11057: 11045: 10956: 10893: 10827: 10738: 10703: 10647: 10620: 10503: 10436: 10295: 10281: 10269: 10234: 10222: 10218: 10169: 9931: 9889: 9881: 9697: 8706: 8686: 8610: 8598: 8544: 8222: 8214: 8030:

Spain – coastal regions, from Catalonia to Andalusia – heavy use of seafood, such as

7932: 7784:

Simultaneously, the Christian kingdoms also developed their own styles; developing a

7529: 7428: 7167: 7097:

Some early examples of vernacular Romance-based literature include short snippets of

7078: 6826: 6800: 6708: 6649: 6554: 6546: 6538: 5880: 5810: 4852: 4311: 4307: 4188: 4161: 4110: 3916: 3841: 3555: 3455: 3052: 3009:

and the creation of a mass tourism industry. Franco's rule was also characterised by

2915: 2838: 2542: 2463: 2326: 2283: 2252: 2118: 2079: 2070:

established some enclaves around the Strait of Gibraltar. Upon the conclusion of the

2055: 1983: 1912: 1892: 1651: 1517: 1475: 1447: 1408: 1342: 1275: 1245: 1098: 571: 535: 516: 484: 440: 305: 139: 94: 17974: 16102: 15196: 10351: 7762: 7545: 7439: 6703:

Some of the most spoken foreign languages used by the immigrant communities include

6561:

Within the EU, Spain had the 2nd highest immigration rate in percentage terms after

5888: 4127:, the result of a considerable variety of climates and well differentiated regions. 3851:

Three main climatic zones can be separated, according to geographical situation and

3725: 3677: 3613:

There are 11 major islands in Spain, all of them having their own governing bodies (

3204:

occurred with big ecological consequences along Spain's Atlantic coastline. In 2003

2490:

elites and following defeat in the field, peace was made with France in 1795 at the

2028: 1229: 19720: 19134: 19127: 18972: 18831: 18737: 18659: 18569: 18537: 18451: 18341: 18333: 18211: 17283:

Orringer, Nelson R. (1998). "Redefining the Spanish Silver Age and '98 Within It".

17158: 16423:

De la LGE a la LOMCE: Así son las siete leyes educativas españolas de la democracia

16337: 16251: 16156: 15529: 15333: 15292: 15282: 15229: 14412:"Analysis of 8 years of Gender Violence Law in Spain | Gender violence and justice" 12766: 12585: 12177: 12159: 11814: 11796: 11529: 11438: 11035: 11027: 10612: 10273: 10214: 9901: 9873: 9718: 9400:"INEbase / Continuous Population Statistics (CPS). 1st July 2024. Provisional data" 9146: 9104:

from among its members, on the advice of the full bench, for a term of three years.

8782: 8710: 8694: 8682: 8646: 8628: 8616: 8574: 8562: 8519: 8470: 8418: 8320: 8103: 8091: 7896: 7607: 7575:

belonged, to whom an Immaculate Conception and a Virgin of Rosary, are attributed.

7518: 7401: 7357: 7341: 7173: 7162: 7158: 7150: 7016: 7002: 6962: 6748:), or Fundamental Law for the Improvement of the Education System, commonly called 6712: 6674: 6645: 6602: 6411: 6377: 5940: 5896: 5714: 5633: 5602: 5489: 5419: 5247: 5191:, in the southernmost part of the Iberian Peninsula. Another dispute surrounds the 5149: 5118: 5074: 4837: 4806: 4622: 4550: 4420: 4139: 4098: 4055: 3928: 3820: 3717: 3622: 3551: 3216:, and a strong movement against war rose in Spanish society. In March 2004 a local 2969: 2888: 2884: 2504: 2372: 2357: 2345: 2220: 2173: 1900: 1815: 1790: 1760:

Hispania served as a granary for the Roman market, and its harbours exported gold,

1735: 1698: 1689:

occupied areas in the central west. Several cities were founded along the coast by

1611: 1424: 1416: 1396: 1290: 1267: 1256:; made an intermittent southward military expansion and repopulation, known as the 1205: 1197: 1122: 1106: 902: 641: 602: 393: 262: 154: 109: 58: 16058: 15039:"Asociación Empresarial Eólica – Spanish Wind Energy Association – Energía Eólica" 14665: 10925: 10023:"Contribución al estudio de las invasiones mauritanas de la Bética en el siglo II" 9247:"Real Decreto 1560/1997, de 10 de octubre, por el que se regula el Himno Nacional" 8138: 8120: 7924: 7904: 7888: 7636: 7553: 7522: 7491: 7368:

proved to be extremely influential in Spain in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

6665: 6124: 5806: 5442: 5024:

respectively. Other communities have more limited forces or none at all, like the

5020: 4225: 4202: 2216: 2207:

Through exploration and conquest or royal marriage alliances and inheritance, the

1728: 556: 20854: 20084: 19965: 19775: 19688: 19496: 19375: 19202: 19000: 18995: 18791: 18486: 18418: 18264: 16781: 16732: 16712: 16693: 16674: 16430: 16409: 16388: 16146:"The Smooth Transition: Spain's 1978 Constitution and the Nationalities Question" 16131: 16109: 16090: 15984: 15823: 15733: 15716: 15184: 14635: 14398: 14189: 12288: 11952: 11661: 11635: 11609: 10091: 10085:

Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. Chapter 5: Ethnic Relations

9609: 9304:"Estadística Continua de Población (ECP) 1 de abril de 2024. Datos provisionales" 9202: 9064: 8698: 8678: 8592: 8580: 8272: 8079: 8012: 7999: 7940: 7892: 7623: 7240: 7106: 7102: 6987: 6845: 6704: 6686: 6637: 6550: 6534: 6427: 6388: 6291: 6177: 5790: 5718: 5687: 5659: 5649: 5386: 5199:(200 nautical miles) generated by the islands. Spain claims sovereignty over the 4989: 4722: 4401: 4377: 4239: 4135: 4019: 3947: 3907: 3845: 3752: 3713: 3614: 3599: 3574:("places of sovereignty", or territories under Spanish sovereignty), such as the 3315: 3232:, evidence of Islamist involvement soon emerged. Because of the proximity of the 3106: 2990: 2851:

The Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936: on 17 and 18 July, part of the military

2846: 2782: 2698: 2380: 2278:

Spain's 16th-century maritime supremacy was demonstrated by the victory over the

2271: 1917: 1647: 1593: 1384: 1346: 1338: 1271: 1090: 619: 455: 449: 124: 18121:. British Archaeological Reports (Oxford, U.K.), BAR International Series 2798. 16990: 16835: 14862: 12314:"HM The King's address to the Cortes Generales on the occasion of his accession" 12281: 9738: 8150: 7587: 7583: 2805: 2024: 586: 21060: 20986: 20924: 20749: 20681: 20455: 20176: 20140: 20094: 20079: 19994: 19753: 19450: 19265: 19143: 19060: 19035: 18962: 18877: 18461: 18388: 14783:"Spain is the 2nd largest automaker in Europe and the 8th largest in the world" 12770: 12313: 12164: 11586:"El Parlament de Cataluña aprueba la resolución para declarar la independencia" 10823: 9334:"Anuario estadístico de España 2008. 1ª parte: entorno físico y medio ambiente" 8740: 8723: 8396: 8350: 8242: 8226: 8193: 8095: 7968: 7856: 7844: 7785: 7603: 7477: 7473: 7142: 6898: 6541:. Other sizeable foreign communities are Colombian, Bolivian, German, Italian, 6445: 6406: 5872: 5533: 5469: 5200: 5192: 5134: 5122: 4993: 4881: 4861: 4844: 4607: 4583: 4467: 4444: 4397: 4362: 4273:

functioning of the State and providing a channel for cohesion among Spaniards.

4051: 4031: 3983: 3807:

are found along the coast, the largest of which is that of the Guadalquivir in

3804: 3788: 3768: 3745: 3685: 3591: 3559: 3521: 3382: 3330: 3209: 3160: 2964: 2561: 2515: 2491: 2303: 2291: 2279: 2232: 2208: 2153: 2091: 1739: 1459: 1388: 1372: 1368: 1322: 1314: 1310: 1102: 1094: 1029: 667: 335: 18118:

La Prehistoria Reciente del entorno de la Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, España)

17757: 16255: 15788: 15759: 15338: 15287: 15270: 10277: 9793:

A System of Ancient and Mediæval Geography for the Use of Schools and Colleges

9303: 8048: 7928: 7797: 5825:

on the road by 2014 as part of the government's plan to save energy and boost

5504:

was the world's largest renewable energy operator), technology companies like

4318:. Unlike in some other constitutional monarchies however, namely the likes of 3784: 2141: 21054: 21036: 21023: 20965: 20814: 20377: 20059: 20026: 19787: 19535: 19501: 19335: 19101: 18957: 18268: 17922: 17883: 17552: 17329: 17220: 17170: 17066: 16964: 16884:"Los musulmanes en España superan por primera vez los 2 millones de personas" 16655: 15466: 14858: 14615:

Invisible Factories: The Informal Economy and Industrial Development in Spain

14273: 14223: 12173: 11886: 11810: 11049: 10838:

Cortes of Cádiz (1812) was the first parliament of Spain with sovereign power

10624: 10550: 10469: 10226: 10105: 9965: 9935: 9885: 9320: 9187: 8937: 8908: 8506:

enjoy co-official status in certain regions (in accordance with the latter's

8457: 8364:

There are many festivals and festivities in Spain. One of the most famous is

8316: 8276: 8108: 8019: 7916: 7660: 7611: 7579: 7487: 7416: 7146: 7030: 6979: 6633: 5944: 5912: 5794: 5699: 5637: 5457: 5157: 5069:

The current provincial division structure is based—with minor changes—on the

4935: 4931: 4672:, enjoys primacy over the other ministers by virtue of his or her ability to 4484: 4459: 4408: 4373: 4315: 4196: 3721: 3638: 3386: 3326: 3287: 3270:. High levels of unemployment, cuts in government spending and corruption in 3067: 3063: 2946: 2212: 2160:. It reached its apogee during the reigns of the first two Spanish Habsburgs— 1993: 1932: 1443: 1350: 1217: 1134: 1054: 373: 360: 203: 18285: 17639: 16725: 13766: 13754: 9877: 8981:

chancellor of the Order of Charles III. On the other hand, the ministers of

7279: 7038: 5976:

In 2024, Spain had a population of 48,797,875 people as recorded by Spain's

5618:

In 2023, Spain was the second most visited country in the world only behind

5507: 3082:

much authority to the regions and created an internal organisation based on

2667:(the Disaster), as the war became known in Spain, gave added impetus to the 2560:

The French occupation of Mainland Spain created an opportunity for overseas

20089: 20074: 20069: 20049: 20034: 19540: 19506: 19455: 19148: 19106: 18990: 18846: 18202: 18142: 17162: 16341: 14249: 12589: 12574:"The Constitutional Role and Working of the Monarchy in the United Kingdom" 12191: 11978:"World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated – (see p.3)" 11828: 10930:

Oligarquía y caciquismo, Colectivismo agrario y otros escritos: (Antología)

10616: 9893: 9173: 9167: 9076: 9054: 9050: 9046: 8443: 8304: 8284: 8230: 7956: 7936: 7920: 7836: 7685: 7591: 7549: 7404: 7285: 7232: 7207: 7127: 5822: 5271: 5263: 4094: 3780: 3630: 3271: 3228:

in Madrid. Though initial suspicions focused on the Basque terrorist group

2973: 2919: 2876: 2860: 2682: 2603: 2579: 2487: 2391:

ideas began to gain ground among some of the kingdom's elite and monarchy.

2177: 2169: 2157: 1800: 1777: 1536:

one. There have been a number of accounts and hypotheses about its origin:

1521: 1412: 1341:. These political divisions finally converged in the 20th century with the 1283: 1193: 1086: 20291: 15391: 14237: 11754:"Spanish institutional crisis triggered by legal block of judicial reform" 10668: 10577: 10523: 10378: 8660:

The official language of the State is established in the Section 3 of the

7499: 7356:); by pinpointing its origins to the late 19th century (associated to the 5370:

Spain provides one of the highest degrees of liberty in the world for its

5095:

Informal meeting of the European Council. Granada, 6 October 2023, during

4957:

Catalonia, Galicia and the Basque Country, which identified themselves as

3704:

and mountain chains. After the Pyrenees, the main mountain ranges are the

2518:

against the Napoleonic regime. Further military action by Spanish armies,

2096: 1650:

of Cantabria in northern Iberia, which were created from 35,600 to 13,500

1585:

called it the "land of the rabbits". The word in question actually means "

1232:. Several Christian kingdoms emerged in Northern Iberia, chief among them 20909: 20849: 20525: 20246: 20044: 19618: 19435: 19370: 19088: 18985: 18378: 18163: 18159: 17622: 17059:

Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina Santa María de los Buenos Aires

15012: 14373: 9914: 9838: 9636: 9519: 9183: 8920: 8384: 8288: 8071: 7960: 7680: 7645: 7572: 7457: 7388: 7377: 7219: 7123: 7042: 6867: 6028: 6024: 5395: 5153: 4951: 4768: 4599: 4591: 4579: 4393: 4354: 4343: 4217: 4102: 3796: 3792: 3697: 2938: 2567: 2228: 2224: 2071: 1867: 1804: 1682: 1360: 1258: 628: 613: 472: 254: 17714:

Architecture of the Islamic West. North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula

17296: 16715:, Documento BOE-A-1992-24853, Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado 16696:, Documento BOE-A-1992-24854, Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado 16677:, Documento BOE-A-1992-24855, Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado 15233: 11946:«Orígenes históricos y ambigüedad de la frontera hispano-lusa (La Raya)» 11724:"Spain's Prime Minister, Mariano Rajoy, Is Ousted in No-Confidence Vote" 11040: 10868:

It met as one body, and its members represented the entire Spanish world

10201:

VAN ZANDEN, JAN LUITEN; BURINGH, ELTJO; BOSKER, MAARTEN (29 July 2011).

9915:

Bernaldo de Quirós Guidolti, Federico; Cabrera Valdés, Victoria (1994).

9587: 7053:, shared with other countries of Europe. In addition, Spain has also 14 6422: 3729: 3178: 2898: 2443:, 1884), depicts the Battle of Valencia against french Napoleon invasion 20879: 20844: 20824: 20515: 20236: 20064: 20054: 20039: 19917: 19405: 19365: 19345: 19325: 19230: 17779: 17450: 16247: 15850:"Avance del Padrón Municipal a 1 de enero de 2006. Datos provisionales" 15297: 14516: 11031: 8978: 8923:, who reigned from 1833 to 1868, should she someday succeed her father 8878: 8856: 8423: 7943:. In Spain there are over forty professional orchestras, including the 7881: 7869: 7812: 7778: 7649: 7533: 6919: 6913: 6906: 6542: 6440: 6252: 5861: 5857: 5679: 5399: 5163: 5002: 4981: 4939: 4919: 4243: 4146:

mean score of 4.23/10, ranking it 130th globally out of 172 countries.

4089: 3728:(Baetic System) whose highest peak, the 3,478-metre-high (11,411-foot) 3666: 3079: 2817: 2495: 2425: 1997: 1863: 1747: 1655: 1326: 1225: 232: 19829: 17911:"The world's most expensive ham is from Huelva and costs €4,100 a leg" 15837:

Financial crisis reveals vulnerability of Spain's immigrants – Feature

15066:"La eólica supera por primera vez la mitad de la producción eléctrica" 13563: 12778: 12754: 12275: 11801: 11590: 11565: 9043:

The ministerial acts performed by the Spanish monarch are as follows:

8060:

Spain – Castile – hot, thick soups such as the bread and garlic-based

4043: 3595: 3357:(CGPJ), until finally the mandate got renovated. In January 2020, the 3167:(PP) in 1996 after scandals around participation of the government of 2766:

in 1919 led to the first law limiting the working day to eight hours.

2743:

events and repression exemplified the social instability of the time.

2548: 20819: 20510: 20231: 20001: 19747:

Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.

19568: 19340: 18942: 18649: 16444:"Educación Primaria │Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional" 15816: 14985: 14209:"La cuestión de Olivenza, a la luz del Derecho internacional público" 14016: 11192:"Economy reaps benefits of entry to the 'club': Spain's euro bonanza" 10728:"El Despotismo Ilustrado en España: entre la continuidad y el cambio" 10699: 8924: 8748: 8408: 8300: 8114: 8075: 7808: 7804: 7738: 7495: 7424: 7408: 7269:

The waning of Romantic literature was followed by the development of

7037:, which is shared with France, the Prehistoric Rock Art Sites of the 6670: 6591: 6522:

Distribution of the foreign population in Spain in 2005 by percentage

6495: 6343: 6325: 6275: 6223: 6207: 6202: 6139: 6007: 5849: 5786: 5778: 5565: 5557: 5501: 5476:'s 4th largest. The centre-right government of former prime minister 5450: 5171: 5029: 4985: 4977: 4892: 4813: 4794: 4749: 4278: 4183: 3959: 3883: 3852: 3808: 3650: 3646: 3634: 3466: 3296: 3187: 3002: 2942: 2751: 2694: 2519: 2251:, which developed the first modern theories of what are now known as 2114: 2036: 1836: 1826: 1765: 1690: 1678: 1439: 1298: 1209: 1158: 1138: 964: 541: 20591: 17685:

Vernacular and Earthen Architecture: Conservation and Sustainability

17574: 17501: 17379:"Genesis problem of philosophical thought in spanish historiography" 17146: 15760:"Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Estadística del Padrón Continuo" 15496:"El AVE español, el más veloz del mundo y el segundo en puntualidad" 14439:"The successes and failures of Spain's fight against domestic abuse" 11783:

Woolf, Steven H.; Masters, Ryan K.; Aron, Laudan Y. (24 June 2021).

10084: 9462:"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey" 8977:, among other orders, decorations and medals. The prime minister is 6338: 5841: 4177: 3982:

Apart from these main types, other sub-types can be found, like the

3825: 3506: 2953:(FET y de las JONS), formed in 1937 upon the merging of the Fascist 1907:

consolidated upon this territory. Other Christian kingdoms, such as

1474:, and is part of many other international organizations such as the 20945: 20894: 20889: 20869: 20734: 20550: 20545: 20535: 20433: 20271: 20266: 20256: 20161: 19927: 19760: 19710: 19680: 19601: 19596: 19486: 19420: 19415: 19390: 19250: 18368: 18215: 16832:"Federación de Entidades Religiosas Evangélicas de España – FEREDE" 16332:. In Recalde Fernández, Montserrat; Silva Domínguez, Carme (eds.). 16327:"A contribución da inmigración ao multilingüismo do Estado español" 16183:"Spain, a plurilingual state: Spanish and other official languages" 15720: 15554:. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (National Statistics Institute) 14949: 12734: 12672:(in Portuguese) (2 ed.). São Paulo: Saraiva. pp. 125–126. 12647:(in Portuguese). Brasília: Câmara dos Deputados. pp. 105–106. 9469: 9191: 9176: 8538: 8404: 8369: 8129: 8036: 7877: 7865: 7435: 7365: 7332: 7149:, where Arabic scholarship was translated to the local vernacular, 7034: 6971: 6474: 6304: 6236: 6182: 5853: 5611: 5529: 5525: 5473: 5222: 4926:). The basic institutional law of each autonomous community is the 4789: 4774: 4739: 4595: 4131: 4124: 4011: 3971: 3963: 3654: 3642: 3626: 3543: 3490: 3462: 3424: 3411:

At 505,992 km (195,365 sq mi), Spain is the world's

3358: 3254: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3070:

in accordance with the Francoist law. With the approval of the new

2985: 2430: 2240: 2063: 2001: 1966: 1953: 1710: 1686: 1666: 1512: 1463: 1392: 1353:

that profoundly transformed it socially and politically. Since the

1189: 1177: 1166: 1162: 1142: 1049: 968: 19655: 16578:"The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA): Spain" 12627:(in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Graphia. p. 91. 10884:. In Gutiérrez, Rosa Ana; Zurita, Rafael; Camurri, Renato (eds.). 8388: 7979: 7816: 7659:

Spanish cinema has achieved major international success including

6354: 5818: 4661:. The Government remains in office so long as it can maintain the 2774: 2447: 20919: 20874: 20834: 20794: 20789: 20779: 20764: 20759: 20754: 20739: 20724: 20714: 20704: 20699: 20540: 20490: 20480: 20470: 20465: 20460: 20438: 20428: 20423: 20365: 20261: 20211: 20201: 20191: 20186: 20181: 20166: 20156: 20151: 20013: 19942: 19922: 19897: 19862: 19852: 19847: 19705: 19445: 19395: 19355: 19310: 19305: 19295: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19255: 19240: 19235: 19225: 19220: 19215: 19210: 18298: 17483:"10 Most Famous Paintings by Diego Velazquez | Learnodo Newtonic" 15710:

EU27 Member States granted citizenship to 696 000 persons in 2008

12791: 12294: 9213: 9130: 8874: 8713:

have some degree of government recognition at the regional level.

8133: 7824: 7770: 7766: 7510: 7412: 7353: 6949: 6943: 6939: 6883: 6694: 6661: 6629: 6490: 6270: 6192: 6032: 5916: 5845: 5735: 5683: 5585: 5561: 5545: 5513: 5297:

The armed forces of Spain are known as the Spanish Armed Forces (

5212: 4997: 4947: 4943: 4901: 4872: 4823: 4727: 4120: 3940: 3741: 3701: 3662: 3603: 3498: 3482: 3474: 3470: 2746: 2595: 2295: 2123: 2067: 2059: 2047: 1887:

Entry of Roger de Flor in Constantinople by José Moreno Carbonero

1822: 1769: 1674: 1640: 1578: 1564: 1130: 1118: 497: 17513: 14728:"Spain's Iberdrola signs investment accord with Gulf group Taqa" 9520:"Spain | Facts, Culture, History, & Points of Interest" 8349:

Public holidays celebrated in Spain include a mix of religious (

7598:. In the 20th century the most important Spanish sculptors were 5125:

priorities were to break out of the diplomatic isolation of the

3055:

in Munich, where they made a resolution in favour of democracy.

2659:

broke out and eventually the United States became involved. The

2223:

featured explorations by sea and by land, the opening-up of new

20960: 20950: 20940: 20914: 20904: 20884: 20864: 20859: 20839: 20809: 20769: 20744: 20560: 20530: 20505: 20485: 20475: 20450: 20389: 20347: 20281: 20251: 20226: 20206: 20196: 20171: 19947: 19912: 19887: 19882: 19877: 19867: 19613: 19491: 19465: 19440: 19430: 19410: 19400: 19385: 19380: 19360: 19330: 19300: 19285: 19260: 19194: 18206: 18164:

Virgin Spain: Scenes from the Spiritual Drama of a Great People

17291:(1/2). Society of Spanish & Spanish-American Studies: 317. 16334:

Ser inmigrante en tempos de crise: Unha ollada multidisciplinar

15618:"Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries" 12259: 11500:"Mariano Rajoy announces €65bn in austerity measures for Spain" 10766: 9209: 8756: 8400: 8312: 8156: 8042: 7876:

Spanish music is often considered abroad to be synonymous with

7774: 7745: 7671: 7419:

periods. There are many other autochthonous styles such as the

7345: 7135: 6922:

churches have about 1,200,000 members. There are about 105,000

6641: 6562: 6372: 6309: 6163: 6147: 6129: 5814: 5802: 5619: 5549: 5432: 5033: 4829: 4744: 4047: 3494: 3436: 3432: 2998: 2989:

modernization and expansion. In the 1960s, Spain registered an

2903: 2864: 2468:

Execution of Torrijos and his Companions on the Beach at Málaga

1988: 1961: 1937: 1840: 1773: 1582: 1529: 1150: 1126: 1082: 352: 329: 16496:"Bachillerato│Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional" 12748: 12746: 9854: 9432:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Spain)" 7715:

are ranked among the top cultural initiatives in the country.

7153:. In the scope of lyric poetry Castilian co-existed alongside 5875:(Barajas), with 60 million passengers in 2023, being the 5871:

There are 47 public airports in Spain. The busiest one is the

5654: 4657:, conducts the business of the Government and administers the 2082:, and it was integrated from then on in the Crown of Castile. 1589:", possibly due to the Phoenicians confusing the two animals. 1450:, it is a major advanced capitalist economy, with the world's 20955: 20829: 20804: 20520: 20500: 20241: 20221: 20009: 19937: 19907: 19902: 19892: 19872: 19715: 19350: 19320: 17462: 15271:"Do universities matter for the location of foreign R&D?" 15221: 15042: 14920:. Europeanfutureenergyforum.com. 14 July 2010. Archived from 12426:

Governments around the World: From Democracies to Theocracies

10502:. London: George Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. passim. 9550:"European exploration - Age of Discovery, Voyages, Expansion" 8882: 7884:

abound. Pop, rock, hip hop and heavy metal are also popular.

7349: 7227:

was written in this time. Other writers from the period are:

7141:

Early Medieval literature in Christian Iberia was written in

6456: 5553: 5541: 5204: 4969: 4818: 4116: 3772: 3756: 3737: 3681: 3658: 3478: 3420: 3403: 2494:

in which Spain lost control over two-thirds of the island of

1978: 1948: 1926: 1829: 1818: 1786: 1670: 1586: 1411:

students. Its cultural influence extends to over 600 million

1173: 1114: 238: 18280: 15684:"Población extranjera por sexo, país de nacionalidad y edad" 14575:"Economically Active Population Survey. Second Quarter 2024" 12529:"Article 42, Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands" 11923:

https://www.newtral.es/sentimiento-catalan-espanol/20240501/

11912:

https://www.newtral.es/sentimiento-catalan-espanol/20240501/

11662:"Catalonia independence: Rajoy dissolves Catalan parliament" 10989:"Relatives of Spaniards who fled Franco granted citizenship" 10886:

Elecciones y cultura política en España e Italia (1890–1923)

10470:"A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 13 The Spanish Empire" 9737: 9241: 8233:

are two of the most successful football clubs in the world.

7986:

which tends to feature alternative rock and dance acts. The

5097:

2023 Spanish Presidency of the Council of the European Union

2258: 1704: 19606: 17358: 15098:. renovablesmadeinspain.es. 9 November 2010. Archived from 15096:"Wind power in Spain breaks new instantaneous power record" 12743: 12507:"Article 33, Constitution of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg" 12355:. La Moncloa, the Office of the President of the Government 9373: 9058: 8911:– while uncommon – is possible due to Spain's adherence to 8760: 8752: 8744: 8308: 7781:

became an architectural stylemark in the high Middle Ages.

7454:

created some of the most famous Spanish portraits, such as

7109:

texts. Other examples of early Iberian Romance include the

6814: 6784: 6286: 5798: 5371: 5141: 4384:), facilitates the orderly operation and continuity of the 3936: 3764: 3625:, part of the Balearic archipelago). These islands include 3194: 3144: 3118: 2949:. The only legal party under Franco's dictatorship was the 2769: 2522:

warfare and an Anglo-Portuguese allied army, combined with

2066:

in 1238. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the North-African

1922: 1761: 1487: 1467: 1172:

In early antiquity, the Iberian Peninsula was inhabited by

960: 315: 14981:"Spain's Bilbao fights to lead European wind power sector" 14945:"Spain's Bilbao fights to lead European wind power sector" 13807:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 10203:"The rise and decline of European parliaments, 1188-17891" 6010:

make up 86.5% of the total population of Spain. After the

4431:

to have the force of law. The countersigning procedure or

2371:

During this war, a new dynasty originating in France, the

16788:. Institute for Comparative Survey Research. March 2015. 14017:"Unidad de Policía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía" 12347: 12345: 9966:"A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 1 Ancient Hispania" 9657:"Number of the Week: $ 10.2 Trillion in Global Borrowing" 8736: 8125: 7434:

During the Golden Age painters working in Spain included

6930:

has approximately 46,000 adherents in 133 congregations.

6624:

Besides Spanish, other territorialized languages include

5865: 5622:, recording 85 million tourists. The headquarters of the 5446: 2800:

for the country was passed in October 1931 following the

2474:

In 1793, Spain went to war against the revolutionary new

1753:

The cultures of the pre-Roman populations were gradually

1592:

There is also the claim that "Hispania" derives from the

1471: 1220:. In the early eighth century, most of the peninsula was 1066: 160: 19189: 17456: 17376: 15319: 12692:(in Portuguese). Globo. pp. 343–344. Archived from 12137: 12010:"Evolucion de los climas de Koppen en España: 1951-2020" 11610:"Catalan crisis: Regional MPs debate Spain takeover bid" 10032:. Vol. II. Sociedad Española de Estudios Clásicos. 9680:""I-span-ya", el misterioso origen de la palabra España" 9075:

the same upon the expiration of its four-year term, and

8315:. In their respective regions, the traditional games of 8217:

is the most popular and profitable sport in the country.

5640:

linked to its environmental and architectural heritage.

5336:, Spain is the 23rd most peaceful country in the world. 5145:

through the European political co-operation mechanisms.

4610:

method, with the remaining 51 senators appointed by the

2606:. Government forces prevailed, but the conflict between 2227:

across oceans, conquests and the beginnings of European

1693:, and trading outposts and colonies were established by 20135: 16280: 16219: 15392:"Spain to Put 1 million Electric Cars on the Road" 15268: 12485:"Article 3, Constitution Act of the Kingdom of Denmark" 10200: 9053:

bills duly passed by the Cortes Generales, making them

6537:, approximately 390,000 were British, and 360,000 were 5793:. Additionally, there are highways along the Atlantic ( 4509:

However, it is the monarch's reserve powers concerning

2832: 17592: 17303: 17126: 17114: 16242:. In Ayres-Bennett, Wendy; Carruthers, Janice (eds.). 14053:

Garcia Cantalapiedra, David, and Ramon Pacheco Pardo,

12374: 12372: 12370: 12342: 12291:

BBC News Friday, 4 January 2008 Extracted 18 June 2009

12109:"Spain approves 'milestone' clean energy climate bill" 9374:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

9097:

on the advice of the General Council of the Judiciary.

8070:. Food is traditionally preserved by salting, such as 7815:, produced a number of important architects, of which 5614:, one of Europe's largest coastal tourist destinations 2618:

ended in a weak early constitutional period. The 1868

1738:, roughly between 210 and 205 BCE, the expanding 1488:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

17734: 17377:

Antonova, N.V.; Myagkov, G.P; Nikolaeva, O.A (2019).

16941:

Spain Transformed: The Franco Dictatorship, 1959-1975

14491:"SPAIN: No Turning Back from Path to Gender Equality" 10815: 10435:. Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial España. 1994. 7847:

as well as many others have gained worldwide renown.

7648:

an opportunity for further growth. Local studios for

7476:

painted during a historical period that includes the

6569:

2008, prior to the onset of the economic crisis, the

5879:, as well as the European Union's third busiest. The 5389:

in Spanish political and economic life. According to

5160:

community, essentially the renewal of the concept of

5117:

After the return of democracy following the death of

1137:; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and 18074: 17754:"Music Festivals, UK Festivals and London Festivals" 16796: 15551: 15269:

Añón Higón, Dolores; Díez-Minguela, Alfonso (2021).

14379: 14255: 14243: 13772: 13760: 12752: 12463:"Article 37, Constitution of the Kingdom of Belgium" 12300: 11693:"Catalonia: what direct rule from Madrid could mean" 11636:"Catalan crisis: Spain PM Rajoy demands direct rule" 11348:"Spain's population falls as immigrants flee crisis" 9642: 9573: 8667: 8433: 5964:

List of Spanish autonomous communities by population

4566:'General Courts'), a democratically elected 1581:

show a female figure with a rabbit at her feet, and

1492:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

16187:

National, regional and minority languages in Europe

15855:. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from 15686:. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from 15320:Giachi, Sandro; Fernández-Esquinas, Manuel (2020). 15228:. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). 12367: 12131: 10638:Phillips, William D.; Phillips, Carla Rahn (2010). 10322:"Spanish Inquisition left genetic legacy in Iberia" 10266:

The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada between East and West

10106:"A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 2 Al-Andalus" 6746:

Ley Orgánica para la Mejora de la Calidad Educativa

3407:

Topographic map of Spain (excluding Canary Islands)

2871:), and the other controlled by the putschists (the 2632:), which yielded to a stable monarchic period, the 2533:During the war, in 1810, a revolutionary body, the 1616: 18081:. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. 1978 18058:The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War 17598: 14105:. United Nations. 20 December 1966. Archived from 14073:. United Nations. 16 December 1965. Archived from 12551:"Article 3, Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway" 10882:"Caciquismo y mundo rural durante la Restauración" 10667:Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). 10576:Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). 10377:Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). 10058:Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). 9994:Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). 9790: 8341:Fiestas of International Tourist Interest of Spain 7827:. Spain is currently experiencing a revolution in 7761:, were built in the Middle Ages in places such as 5544:, global corporations such as the textile company 4922:, is known in Spain as the "State of Autonomies" ( 2933:for much of the Second World War, although it was 2910:The civil war was viciously fought and there were 1097:member state. Spanning across the majority of the 1028:Note: most of Spain observes CET/CEST, except the 16324: 16103:Spain's Jobs Crisis Leaves Immigrants Out of Work 14742: 14690: 14612: 12794:"The Spanish king who set, then saved, democracy" 12735:Arthur Bousfield & Gary Toffoli, ed. (1991). 12584:. Mohr Siebeck (published 2 June 2022): 181–201. 10030:Actas del II Congreso Andaluz deEstudios Clásicos 10020: 7868:is an Andalusian artistic form that evolved from 5972:Population density by municipality in Spain, 2018 4368:In these respects, the Crown constitutes a fifth 2713:was founded. A trade union linked to this party, 2578:that put an end to the metropole's grip over the 1891:From 711 to 718, as part of the expansion of the 1639:indicates the Iberian Peninsula was populated by 1387:have been influential worldwide, particularly in 21096:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean 21052: 17580: 17531: 17519: 17507: 16750:"Macrobarómetro de octubre 2019, Banco de datos" 16394: 15368:. Triplepundit.com. 30 July 2008. Archived from 13847:"Swiss Experience With Decentralized Government" 12571: 12422: 11782: 10637: 10611:(18). Societat Catalana d'Estudis Jurídics: 75. 9841:items were found in Cantabria (Morín, El Pendo, 9717:. London: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 12. 8739:domain is also used, as it is shared with other 8481:History of the territorial organization of Spain 8326: 7578:Other notable Andalusian Baroque sculptors were 5148:Spain has maintained its special relations with 5000:each have autonomous police corps of their own: 4691:History of the territorial organization of Spain 4637:to the Congress of Deputies. It consists of the 4462:, performed by the monarch after soliciting the 3151:after a strong social opposition. That year the 2997:, a mass internal migration from rural areas to 2857:under the authority of the Republican government 2486:polarised the country in a reaction against the 2050:(1248) fell to Castile in the 13th century. The 1572: 1558: 17202: 14206: 10259: 9603:What are the most popular Erasmus destinations? 8953:The Spanish state honours system comprises the 7313:are the two main awards in Spanish literature. 6928:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 6905:, 3% other faiths, and about 35% identify with 5749:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas 5705:Non-renewable energy sources used in Spain are 5137:, and define security relations with the West. 5039: 4490:The Crown's reserve powers further extend into 3692:, Canary Islands, is the tallest peak in Spain. 3039:Spanish society after the democratic transition 1532:"), therefore, the most accepted theory is the 735:505,990 km (195,360 sq mi) ( 175: 85: 17285:Anales de la literatura Española Contemporánea 16373: 16180: 16120: 16118: 15122:"14 reactores nucleares movidos por el viento" 14401:Amnesty International. Retrieved 22 June 2016. 13995:"Spain: Main executive and legislative bodies" 12578:Jahrbuch des Öffentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart 11530:"Spain king: Juan Carlos signs his abdication" 10737:. Sociedad Extremeña de Historia. p. 14. 10666: 10575: 10500:Rivers of gold: the rise of the Spanish Empire 10376: 10057: 9996:"A Country Study: Spain. Chapter 1 – Hispania" 9993: 9205:to Spain, on the advice of the prime minister. 9021:Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation 6781:Programme for International Student Assessment 6526:According to the official Spanish statistics ( 3512:Extending to 1,214 km (754 mi), the 2951:Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS 2394: 1228:became a dominant peninsular power centred on 145: 100: 20607: 20333: 20121: 19815: 19175: 18314: 18290: 17094:Spanish Literature. A Very Short Introduction 17044: 16035:Spanish Statistical Institute. Archived from 15898:"Immigrants Fuel Europe's Civilization Clash" 15528:. railpro.co.uk. January 2010. Archived from 15452:"El AVE Madrid-Barcelona, una obra de mérito" 14789:. 22 July 2024 – via investinspain.org. 12792:The Monitor's Editorial Board (4 June 2019). 12235:Biodiversidad, Fundación (18 February 2014). 12234: 11628: 11602: 11584:Ríos, Pere; Piñol, Àngels (27 October 2017). 11189: 10772: 10722: 10602: 10060:"A Country Study: Spain – Castile and Aragon" 9133:approved in the Council of Ministers, confer 9009:Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas 9005:Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando 8827: 8821: 8815: 8809: 8803: 8345:Fiestas of National Tourist Interest of Spain 8257:, becoming one of only five nations to win a 7748:are very common materials of the traditional 7463: 7455: 7386: 5925:the longest high-speed rail network in Europe 5821:) coasts. Spain aims to put one million 5690:. Other renewable energies used in Spain are 5505: 4548: 4498:. The monarch appoints the 20 members of the 3567: 3163:. The PSOE was replaced in government by the 2785:was a key figure for the right to be granted. 2572:retroversion of the sovereignty to the people 2379:. A number of reform policies (the so-called 1982:), often subject to the payment of a form of 1850: 1407:, and it is the most popular destination for 1208:of tribes from Central Europe, including the 600: 252: 115: 50: 30:"España" redirects here. For other uses, see 19541:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark 18055: 17144: 17045:Dapueto Reyes, María de los Ángeles (2015). 16914:"Countries With the Most Cultural Influence" 14301:"Update: Spain to increase defence spending" 12416: 11684: 10879: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9420: 8919:, will be Spain's first queen regnant since 4594:with 259 senators. Deputies are elected by 4101:. The region has 25% of the land covered by 3974:valleys, where a humid subtropical variant ( 2818:1932 failed coup d'état led by José Sanjurjo 2556:, a key political figure in the XIX century. 1597: 1403:, has one of the world's largest numbers of 1325:, the following political divisions between 1145:and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and 130: 17018:The Cambridge History of Spanish Literature 16115: 15449: 15057: 14548:. Hdr.undp.org. p. 330. Archived from 12316:. Casa de Su Majestad El Rey. 19 June 2014. 11409:"Basque separatists Eta announce ceasefire" 11215:"Spain's economy / Plain sailing no longer" 10578:"A Country Study: Spain – Spain in Decline" 10553:. The Library of Iberian Resources Online. 10526:. The Library of Iberian resources online. 10472:. The Library of Iberian Resources Online. 10108:. The Library of Iberian Resources Online. 9968:. The Library of Iberian Resources Online. 9959: 9957: 9848: 9797:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 9760:"Rabbits, fish and mice, but no rock hyrax" 9126:as elected by their respective parliaments. 8796: 6838:survey; sample size: 3,935; February 2023) 4684: 4649:. These characters together constitute the 4561: 3193:On 1 January 2002, Spain fully adopted the 3028: 2859:, that counted on outside support from the 2290:in 1582, and then after the setback of the 2109:. The year 1492 also marked the arrival of 230: 21131:States and territories established in 1978 21126:States and territories established in 1715 21121:Spanish-speaking countries and territories 20614: 20600: 20340: 20326: 20128: 20114: 19822: 19808: 19182: 19168: 18321: 18307: 17838: 17807: 17803: 17801: 16134:. El País. Edición Impresa. 8 October 2011 16112:, The Wall Street Journal, 24 January 2009 15999:"Spain grants amnesty to 700,000 migrants" 15917:"Spanish youth clash with immigrant gangs" 15615: 15225:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 14942: 12739:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Dundurn Press. 11073:"El contubernio que preparó la democracia" 10945:The Revolutionary Left in Spain, 1914–1923 9989: 9987: 9735: 9654: 8235:The country's national men's football team 5374:community. Among the countries studied by 5156:. Its policy emphasises the concept of an 4123:, and the great diversity of habitats and 3314:to form a Catalan Republic on the day the 2622:was followed by the 1868–1874 progressive 2566:elites who resented the privilege towards 2294:in 1588, in a series of victories against 314: 304: 20672:Commission against Racism and Intolerance 17541:Anuario Jurídico y Económico Escurialense 17534:"Recordando la historia del cine español" 17532:Montes Fernández, Francisco José (2011). 17468: 17421: 17205:"La extensión del Romanticismo en España" 16137: 15526:"Spain powers ahead with high-speed rail" 15337: 15296: 15286: 15170: 14888:"Spain Is World's Leader in Solar Energy" 13913:. .gobiernodecanarias.org. Archived from 13911:"Nuevo Estatuto de Autonomía de Canarias" 12737:Royal Observations: Canadians and Royalty 12709: 12181: 12163: 11818: 11800: 11583: 11439:"Spain's Indignados protest here to stay" 11039: 10379:"A Country Study: Spain – The Golden Age" 9417: 9341:Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain) 8498: 8496: 6860: Believer in another religion (2.7%) 6553:. Since 2000, Spain has experienced high 5724: 4699: 4357:between the disparate branches, mediates 1705:Roman Hispania and the Visigothic Kingdom 912: 20667:Commission for the Efficiency of Justice 19763:which has sovereignty over Vatican City. 17682: 17282: 16813:. WIN-Gallup International. April 2015. 16804:"Gallup International Religiosity Index" 16724:Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas: 16718: 16155:. Carfax Publishing, Inc. Archived from 16143: 15996: 15415: 15413: 14918:"Spain becomes solar power world leader" 14777: 14775: 14655:, Vol 37, Issue 9, pp. 1011–1025 (2005). 14218:(4). Ayuntamiento de Olivenza: 234–235. 14100:"Resolution 2231: Question of Gibraltar" 14068:"Resolution 2070: Question of Gibraltar" 14009: 12638:Torres, João Camilo de Oliveira (2017). 11690: 11558: 11497: 11406: 10669:"A Country Study: Spain – Bourbon Spain" 10262:"Granada and Its International Contacts" 9954: 9454: 9370:"Surface water and surface water change" 8417: 8197: 7982:which features pop and techno acts, and 7860: 7728: 7627: 7509: 7381: 7326: 7117: 6997: 6966: 6728: 6590: 6517: 5967: 5734: 5653: 5606: 5437: 5423: 5288: 5238: 5189:Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom 5102: 5090: 5058:Autonomous communities are divided into 4934:, Spain is nevertheless one of the most 4532: 4088: 3835: 3824: 3740:, a 3,718-metre (12,198 ft) active 3676: 3537: 3402: 3321: 3253: 3177: 3123: 3042: 3015:promotion of a unitary national identity 2963: 2897: 2808:supported by republican parties and the 2768: 2745: 2709:are good examples of this. In 1879, the 2681: 2638: 2547: 2462: 2446: 2424: 2344: 2257: 2198: 2140: 2095: 2006: 1931: 1882: 1871: 1795: 1718: 1626: 1452:fifteenth-largest economy by nominal GDP 767: 326:Location of Spain (dark green) 309: 17869: 17798: 17364: 17321: 17309: 17132: 17120: 17091: 16938: 16743: 16741: 16286: 16237: 16225: 16059:"Europeans Favour Spain for Expat Jobs" 15781: 15572:Joseph Harrison, David Corkill (2004). 15015:. Eolic Energy News. 31 December 2010. 14651:Angel Alañón & M. Gómez-Antonio, , 13432:"Section 159 (1), Spanish Constitution" 13410:"Section 122 (3), Spanish Constitution" 13146:"Section 152 (1), Spanish Constitution" 13124:"Section 124 (4), Spanish Constitution" 13080:"Section 123 (2), Spanish Constitution" 13014:"Section 116 (5), Spanish Constitution" 12670:História do Direito Político Brasileiro 11070: 10407:. University of Calgary. Archived from 10161: 10133:"Viking raids on the spanish peninsula" 9984: 9667:from the original on 20 September 2017. 9266:from the original on 24 September 2015. 8265:has won a record 20 domestic trophies. 8064:, along with substantial stews such as 6993: 6677:officially named as Catalan and in the 5321:) assists the JEMAD as auxiliary body. 5179:The country is involved in a number of 3990:in areas of northeastern Spain and the 3906:) and into much rainier areas (notably 3672: 3131:signing the treaty of accession to the 2947:Spanish volunteers in the Eastern Front 2804:, and a series of cabinets presided by 2701:and socialist and anarchist ideas. The 2524:Napoleon's failure on the Russian front 2203:Main trade routes of the Spanish Empire 1186:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula 14: 21086:Member states of the Council of Europe 21053: 18114: 18093: 17981:from the original on 18 September 2008 17618:"Viaje por la cara B del cine español" 17457:Antonova, Myagkov & Nikolaeva 2019 17346:from the original on 12 September 2023 16997:from the original on 14 September 2014 16991:"Spain – Intangible Cultural Heritage" 16971:from the original on 26 September 2014 16627:"Health care in Spain: Beneficiairies" 16590:from the original on 29 September 2021 16558:from the original on 27 September 2021 16325:Recalde Fernández, Montserrat (2016). 16306:from the original on 27 September 2021 16207:from the original on 12 September 2023 15665:from the original on 27 September 2021 15132:from the original on 12 September 2023 15063: 14898:from the original on 19 September 2010 14479:from the original on 10 November 2014. 14436: 14414:. justiciadegenero.com. 4 March 2015. 13718:"Section 98 (2), Spanish Constitution" 13652:"Section 98 (1), Spanish Constitution" 13454:"Section 62 (d), Spanish Constitution" 13344:"Section 62 (g), Spanish Constitution" 13300:"Section 62 (j), Spanish Constitution" 13278:"Section 62 (i), Spanish Constitution" 13256:"Section 63 (1), Spanish Constitution" 13234:"Section 63 (2), Spanish Constitution" 13212:"Section 63 (3), Spanish Constitution" 13190:"Section 62 (h), Spanish Constitution" 13168:"Section 62 (f), Spanish Constitution" 13058:"Section 62 (e), Spanish Constitution" 12992:"Section 69 (6), Spanish Constitution" 12970:"Section 68 (4), Spanish Constitution" 12948:"Section 62 (b), Spanish Constitution" 12904:"Section 62 (a), Spanish Constitution" 12838:"Section 56 (3), Spanish Constitution" 12816:"Section 61 (1), Spanish Constitution" 12637: 12443:from the original on 12 September 2023 12380:"Section 56 (1), Spanish Constitution" 12216:from the original on 24 September 2022 11841: 11721: 11691:Sandford, Alasdair (27 October 2017). 11668:. Barcelona, Madrid. 27 October 2017. 11288: 10942: 10906:from the original on 12 September 2023 10671:. Library of Congress Country Series. 10580:. Library of Congress Country Series. 10530:from the original on 21 September 2013 10494: 10449:from the original on 12 September 2023 10381:. Library of Congress Country Series. 10358:from the original on 24 September 2008 10241:from the original on 12 September 2023 10182:from the original on 12 September 2023 10168:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 10130: 10066:from the original on 22 September 2008 10062:. Library of Congress Country Series. 10002:from the original on 22 September 2008 9998:. Library of Congress Country Series. 9942:from the original on 12 September 2023 9788: 9782: 9686:from the original on 13 November 2016. 9350:from the original on 24 September 2015 9216:, on the advice of the prime minister. 9179:, on the advice of the prime minister. 9160:, on the advice of the prime minister. 8555: 8493: 8106:– vegetable and fish-based stews like 8090:Spain – the Northern coast, including 7990:is one of the main ones in its genre. 7115:written in Latin, Basque and Romance. 6876: Indifferent/Non-believer (12.3%) 6736:one of the first European universities 3986:in areas with very high altitude, the 3345:and replaced him with the PSOE leader 3243:In the early 2000s, the proportion of 3058:With Franco's death in November 1975, 2912:many atrocities committed by all sides 2802:June 1931 Constituent general election 2138:, settling primarily in North Africa. 1516:, the name used by the Romans for the 20621: 20595: 20321: 20109: 19803: 19163: 18592:Natural Sites of Community Importance 18302: 18289: 18149:. Oxford University Press, USA, 2000. 18100:. Editorial Dossoles. Burgos, Spain. 17929:from the original on 27 November 2019 17908: 17839:DiGregorio, Sarah (1 December 2009). 17740: 17711: 17615: 17489:from the original on 24 November 2020 16906: 16820:from the original on 1 February 2016. 15839:". The Earth Times. 18 November 2009. 15431:from the original on 20 December 2021 15410: 15398:from the original on 23 November 2008 14957:from the original on 24 December 2022 14818: 14772: 14579:INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística 14329: 12753:Walther L. Bernecker (January 1998). 12682: 12667: 12622: 12402:"Section 1 (3), Spanish Constitution" 12138:Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). 12046: 12028:from the original on 13 February 2024 11872: 11598:from the original on 29 October 2017. 11573:from the original on 28 October 2017. 11561:"Análisis. Is Catalonia independent?" 11388:from the original on 21 February 2020 11358:from the original on 2 September 2017 11345: 11071:Villena, Miguel Ángel (9 June 2012). 11017: 10847: 10693: 10548: 10467: 10137:Militaria. Revista de Cultura Militar 10103: 10097: 9963: 9729: 9712: 9706: 9483: 9212:, but without the authority to grant 9013:Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain 8781: 8645: 8627: 8609: 8591: 8573: 8537: 8518: 8372:. While its most famous event is the 8241:in 1964, 2008, 2012 and 2024 and the 7045:, which is shared with Portugal, the 6935:Union of Islamic Communities of Spain 6854: Non-Practicing Catholic (37.5%) 4429:president of the Congress of Deputies 4382:nations of their historical community 3343:motion of no-confidence against Rajoy 2991:unprecedented rate of economic growth 2576:Spanish American wars of independence 2409:Spanish American wars of independence 1951:proceeded at an increasing pace. The 1480:Organization of Ibero-American States 566:President of the Congress of Deputies 523:parliamentary constitutional monarchy 17890:from the original on 31 October 2019 17851:from the original on 8 December 2009 17780:"The History of the Guitar in Spain" 17664:from the original on 9 February 2022 17245: 17015: 16792:from the original on 5 January 2016. 16774: 16738: 16065:from the original on 10 October 2008 15978:Spain to increase immigration budget 15653:"World Factbook EUROPE : SPAIN" 15506:from the original on 9 November 2011 15250:from the original on 22 October 2023 14543:"Human Development Report 2007/2008" 14469:"Global Acceptance of Homosexuality" 14344:from the original on 1 February 2020 14281:from the original on 1 February 2020 14233:from the original on 29 August 2014. 14023:from the original on 7 November 2007 13971:. Narros.congreso.es. Archived from 13834:from the original on 14 October 2012 13786:"Catalonians vote for more autonomy" 11893:from the original on 7 December 2023 11703:from the original on 27 October 2017 11672:from the original on 28 October 2017 11642:from the original on 29 October 2017 11616:from the original on 26 October 2017 11407:Tremlett, Giles (5 September 2010). 11270:from the original on 14 January 2021 11149:from the original on 2 October 2016. 11123:from the original on 26 October 2014 10976:Spanish Civil War fighters look back 10696:Early Modern Spain: A Social History 10370: 10162:Classen, Albrecht (31 August 2015). 9819:from the original on 21 October 2009 9770:from the original on 31 October 2018 9748:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 9655:Whitehouse, Mark (6 November 2010). 9512: 9498:United Nations Development Programme 9090:on the advice of the prime minister. 6834:Religious self-definition in Spain ( 5080: 2833:Civil War and Francoist dictatorship 2266:Padilla, Bravo and Maldonado in the 2145:Diachronic map of the Spanish Empire 1839:established an occidental province, 1697:in the East. Eventually, Phoenician- 21101:Member states of the United Nations 21091:Member states of the European Union 19071:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage 18221:Key Development Forecasts for Spain 18033:from the original on 31 August 2016 18015: 17808:Richardson, Paul (19 August 2007). 17480: 17203:González Subías, José Luis (2007). 16894:from the original on 4 October 2020 16726:Barómetro de Julio 2020, página 21. 16240:"17. Linguistic diversity in Spain" 16009:from the original on 29 August 2013 15597:. Instituto Nacional de Estadística 15158:from the original on 26 August 2011 14975: 14704:. Business. Madrid. 30 April 2009. 14678:from the original on 19 August 2008 14207:Fernández Liesa, Carlos R. (2004). 14055:Contemporary Spanish Foreign Policy 13859:from the original on 19 August 2008 13696:"Section 100, Spanish Constitution" 13366:"Section 115, Spanish Constitution" 13102:"Section 160, Spanish Constitution" 13036:"Section 168, Spanish Constitution" 11559:Alandete, David (27 October 2017). 11297:from the original on 25 August 2004 11264:"Madrid bombers get long sentences" 11245:"Al-Qaeda 'claims Madrid bombings'" 11171:from the original on 5 October 2017 10557:from the original on 8 October 2018 10476:from the original on 8 October 2018 10112:from the original on 8 October 2018 9972:from the original on 8 October 2018 9677: 8940:'s intervention and foiling of the 7899:and singers and performers such as 7421:Pre-Romanesque art and architecture 6912:The Spanish constitution enshrines 6045:List of metropolitan areas in Spain 4528: 3092:Massacre of 3 March 1976 in Vitoria 2707:1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition 2688:1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition 2498:. In 1807, a secret treaty between 1423:and the world's most widely spoken 1303:first circumnavigation of the globe 1266:in 1492. The dynastic union of the 24: 18328: 18136: 17870:Smillie, Susan (18 January 2010). 17786:from the original on 29 April 2011 17616:Yuste, Javier (13 December 2019). 17562:from the original on 17 April 2022 17264:from the original on 12 April 2022 17227:from the original on 12 April 2022 17073:from the original on 6 August 2020 16548:"Compare your country - PISA 2018" 16300:"CIA – The World Factbook – 5pain" 16244:Manual of Romance Sociolinguistics 15634:from the original on 7 August 2018 15394:. Triplepundit.com. 30 July 2008. 15064:Méndez, Rafael (9 November 2009). 15019:from the original on 27 April 2011 14760:from the original on 12 April 2009 14756:. Business. Madrid. 8 April 2009. 14523:from the original on 28 March 2014 14497:from the original on 19 April 2014 14437:Rincón, Reyes (25 November 2015). 14165:(in Spanish), UN, September 2013, 13811:from the original on 17 April 2008 13740:"Section 99, Spanish Constitution" 13674:"Section 97, Spanish Constitution" 13608:"Section 97, Spanish Constitution" 13542:"Section 69, Spanish Constitution" 13520:"Section 68, Spanish Constitution" 13498:"Section 66, Spanish Constitution" 13476:"Section 99, Spanish Constitution" 13388:"Section 92, Spanish Constitution" 12926:"Section 91, Spanish Constitution" 12882:"Section 65, Spanish Constitution" 12860:"Section 64, Spanish Constitution" 12328:"Section 86, Spanish Constitution" 11990:from the original on 12 April 2019 11854:from the original on 18 March 2021 11764:from the original on 4 August 2023 11540:from the original on 19 March 2020 11510:from the original on 19 March 2020 11479:from the original on 19 March 2020 11449:from the original on 19 March 2020 11419:from the original on 19 March 2020 11327:from the original on 19 March 2020 11083:from the original on 5 April 2013. 10858:from the original on 10 March 2020 10754:from the original on 19 April 2022 10675:from the original on 9 August 2008 10584:from the original on 9 August 2008 10385:from the original on 9 August 2008 10332:from the original on 28 March 2014 10302:from the original on 13 April 2022 10143:from the original on 13 April 2022 10021:Alonso Villalobos, Carlos (1984). 9530:from the original on 8 August 2014 9491:"Human Development Report 2023/24" 9380:from the original on 24 March 2021 9280:. Lamoncloa.gob.es. Archived from 8971:Order of Saint Raymond of Peñafort 8967:Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise 8843:list of transcontinental countries 8178:is one of the most expensive hams. 8040:; and many rice-based dishes like 8003:, mainly in Asturias and Galicia. 7850: 7203:Golden era of Castilian literature 7051:Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests 6760:(basic vocational education); the 5829:. The former Minister of Industry 5498:renewable energy commercialisation 5496:companies invested in fields like 5484:stood at 11.27% in July 2024. The 5381:The Cortes Generales approved the 5207:located in the South shore of the 5110:in Barcelona, headquarters of the 4712:Nationalities and regions of Spain 4342:, the monarch is not the fount of 4240:one-party personalist dictatorship 4084: 3493:mountain range, it is bordered by 3465:; on the south, it is bordered by 3461:On the west, Spain is bordered by 2719:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo 1468:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1421:second-most spoken native language 1109:in the Mediterranean Sea, and the 1101:, its territory also includes the 332: (green & dark grey) 25: 21142: 21002:Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) 19830:Countries and territories of the 18281:Official tourism portal for Spain 18171: 17955:from the original on 13 July 2016 17630:from the original on 1 April 2022 17403:from the original on 1 April 2022 16864:from the original on 14 June 2020 16756:from the original on 14 June 2020 16153:National Identities, Vol 4, No. 3 16125:580.000 personas se van de España 15797:Instituto Nacional de Estadística 15768:Instituto Nacional de Estadística 15740:from the original on 8 April 2013 15595:"Indice coyuntural de fecundidad" 15203:from the original on 8 March 2020 15072:(in Spanish). Ediciones El País. 14943:Villalobos, Alvaro (6 May 2018). 14828:. The Global Guru. Archived from 14183:"Spain disputes Portugal islands" 13969:"Estatuto de Autonomía de Aragón" 12604:from the original on 19 June 2023 12282:Spain's fast-living king turns 70 12119:from the original on 10 July 2023 11734:from the original on 19 June 2018 11289:Bailey, Dominic (14 March 2004). 11251:from the original on 24 June 2006 11225:from the original on 13 June 2008 10999:from the original on 23 July 2013 10924: 10819:Diccionario de historia de España 10524:"The Seventeenth-Century Decline" 9917:"Cronología del arte paleolítico" 9813:"'First west Europe tooth' found" 9736:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 9033:Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences 8729: 7029:. These include the landscape of 6805:The health care system of Spain ( 6770:Ciclo Formativo de Grado Superior 6067:Instituto Nacional de Estadística 5979:Instituto Nacional de Estadística 5262:are divided into three branches: 4228:as Prime Minister. The resulting 4061: 2791:12 April 1931 municipal elections 2286:in 1571 and over Portugal at the 2168:(1556–1598). This period saw the 2085: 1744:conquest of the Iberian Peninsula 1681:flourished in the southwest; and 1549:argued that the root of the term 1470:(NATO), a permanent guest of the 1224:, and during early Islamic rule, 20405: 20290: 19781: 19770: 19769: 19464: 18258: 18248: 18167:NYC: Boni & Liveright, 1926. 18156:. Cornell University Press 1983. 18006: 17993: 17967: 17941: 17902: 17863: 17832: 17772: 17756:. Spoonfed.co.uk. Archived from 17746: 17705: 17676: 17646: 17609: 17586: 17525: 17474: 17415: 17370: 17315: 17276: 17239: 17196: 17185:from the original on 31 May 2022 17138: 17085: 17038: 17009: 16983: 16957: 16932: 16876: 16850: 16824: 16699: 16680: 16661: 16645: 16633:from the original on 25 May 2017 16619: 16602: 16570: 16540: 16514: 16488: 16462: 16436: 16415: 16318: 16292: 16231: 16174: 16096: 16077: 16051: 16021: 15990: 15971: 15939: 15927:from the original on 3 June 2008 15842: 15829: 15810: 15752: 15726: 15702: 15676: 15645: 15609: 15587: 15574:Spain: A Modern European Economy 15566: 15544: 15518: 15488: 15450:Lara Galera, Antonio L. (2015). 15443: 15384: 15358: 15346:from the original on 11 May 2022 15313: 15262: 15215: 15189: 15144: 15114: 15088: 15076:from the original on 13 May 2011 15031: 15005: 14993:from the original on 6 July 2018 14969: 14936: 14910: 14880: 14844: 14801:"Car Production by Country 2024" 14793: 14720: 14658: 14645: 14621: 14606: 14592: 14567: 14535: 14509: 14483: 14461: 14449:from the original on 25 May 2017 14430: 14418:from the original on 25 May 2017 14404: 14385: 14356: 14323: 14311:from the original on 18 May 2015 14293: 14261: 14200: 14176: 14172:from the original on 25 May 2017 14150: 14124: 14092: 14060: 14047: 14035: 13987: 13961: 13929: 13903: 13871: 13792:from the original on 4 June 2008 13778: 13732: 13710: 13688: 13666: 13644: 13622: 13600: 13578: 13556: 13534: 13512: 13490: 13468: 13446: 13424: 13402: 13380: 13358: 13336: 13322:"Functions of the Head of State" 13314: 13292: 13270: 13248: 13226: 13204: 13182: 13160: 13138: 13116: 13094: 13072: 13050: 13028: 13006: 12984: 12962: 12940: 12918: 12896: 12874: 12852: 12830: 12808: 12785: 12728: 12703: 12676: 12661: 12631: 12616: 12565: 12543: 12521: 12499: 12477: 12455: 12394: 12320: 12306: 12228: 12198: 12101: 12089:from the original on 8 July 2023 12071: 12059:from the original on 7 July 2023 12040: 12002: 11970: 11938: 11927: 11916: 11905: 11873:Bayer, Lili (16 November 2023). 11866: 11835: 11498:Tremlett, Giles (11 July 2012). 11161:"King Orders army to crush coup" 11095:"Contubernio de Múnich: 50 años" 10219:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2011.00612.x 10039:from the original on 5 July 2022 9037: 8997: 8947: 8930: 8897: 8888: 8654: 8450: 8436: 8168: 8149: 7973:El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía 7945:Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona 7186:Coplas por la muerte de su padre 7101:(such as refrains) sprinkled in 6186: 6176: 6133: 6123: 6061:Largest cities or towns in Spain 5932: 5904: 4938:countries in Europe, along with 4716: 4500:General Council of the Judiciary 4195: 4176: 4144:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 4142:factors. The country had a 2019 3653:in the Canarian archipelago and 3375:general election on 23 July 2023 3355:General Council of the Judiciary 3268:2008–16 Spanish financial crisis 3101:In the Basque Country, moderate 3023:discriminatory language policies 2875:), most critically supported by 2711:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 2703:1870 Barcelona Workers' Congress 2356:a new royal family reigned, the 2182:War of the Portuguese Succession 2107:expelled from Castile and Aragon 1617:Prehistory and pre-Roman peoples 1395:. As a reflection of its large 1222:invaded by the Umayyad Caliphate 1202:fall of the Western Roman Empire 937: 936: 911: 889: 888: 870: 869: 837: 836: 818: 817: 766: 272: 210: 196: 19958:States with limited recognition 18635:Autonomous communities of Spain 17425:Contemporary Spanish Philosophy 17386:Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana 16769:Autonomous communities of Spain 16181:Casado Velarde, Manuel (2011). 14708:from the original on 4 May 2009 14517:"Women in National Parliaments" 13566:. Congress of Deputies of Spain 12759:Journal of Contemporary History 12018:Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia 11944:Medina García, Eusebio (2006). 11842:Borraz, Marta (18 March 2021). 11776: 11746: 11715: 11654: 11577: 11552: 11522: 11491: 11461: 11431: 11400: 11370: 11339: 11309: 11282: 11237: 11202:from the original on 1 May 2011 11183: 11153: 11135: 11105: 11087: 11064: 11011: 10981: 10969: 10936: 10918: 10880:Cruz Artacho, Salvador (2003). 10873: 10851:Independence of Spanish America 10841: 10809: 10800: 10791: 10778: 10716: 10687: 10660: 10631: 10605:Revista de Dret Històric Català 10596: 10569: 10542: 10516: 10488: 10461: 10423: 10397: 10344: 10314: 10260:Salicrú i Lluch, Roser (2020). 10253: 10194: 10155: 10124: 10078: 10051: 10014: 9908: 9831: 9805: 9752: 9690: 9671: 9648: 9614: 9594: 9567: 9542: 9392: 8867: 8848: 8835: 8770: 8716: 8638: 8361:) is celebrated on 12 October. 7718: 7049:, shared with Slovenia and the 6601:Spain is a multilingual state. 6038: 5951: 5840:, after China's. It is linking 5731:Science and technology in Spain 5406:of Spain in the United Nations 5339: 5282:Ejército del Aire y del Espacio 4706:Autonomous communities of Spain 4614:to also serve four-year terms. 3939:valley, which crosses southern 3931:, southern and central-eastern 3489:). On the northeast, along the 3417:Europe's fourth largest country 3353:surrounding the mandate of the 3304:Catalan independence referendum 3245:Spain's foreign born population 3153:Spanish Socialist Workers Party 3035:Spanish transition to democracy 2734:Regionalist League of Catalonia 2340: 2127:. About four decades after the 1192:was established. Following the 1089:. It is the largest country in 1081:, is a country in southwestern 176: 19046:National and regional identity 18049: 17605:. Manchester University Press. 15997:Tremlett, Giles (9 May 2005). 15947:"Population in Europe in 2005" 15197:"Scimago Institution Rankings" 14493:. Ipsnews.net. 15 March 2007. 14044:. Spanish Constitution of 1978 12623:Sodré, Nelson Werneck (2004). 12271:From Dictatorship to Democracy 11959:. Tomo LXII (II Mayo-Agosto). 11957:Revista de Estudios Extremeños 11378:"Spain legalises gay marriage" 11346:Ortiz, Fiona (22 April 2013). 11190:Pfanner, Eric (11 July 2002). 11020:History of Education Quarterly 10854:. Cambridge University Press. 10816:Alvar Ezquerra, Jaime (2001). 9362: 9326: 9310: 9296: 9270: 9235: 9219:Patronise the Royal Academies. 9071:following a general election, 8959:Order of Isabella the Catholic 8136:or the Galician octopus-based 8034:(fried fish); cold soups like 7450:. Also in the Baroque period, 6807:Spanish National Health System 6762:Ciclo Formativo de Grado Medio 6507: 5520:(which is the world's largest 3505:, a small exclave town called 3310:voted to unilaterally declare 3109:led by the armed organisation 2929:The regime remained nominally 2312:Anglo-Spanish War of 1654–1660 2300:Anglo-Spanish War of 1585–1604 785:96/km (248.6/sq mi) ( 27:Country in southwestern Europe 13: 1: 20662:Commissioner for Human Rights 19725:country of the United Kingdom 18237:E-Government portal for Spain 17872:"World's most expensive ham?" 17422:Caponigri, A. Robert (1967). 16391:. Retrieved 23 September 2009 16185:. In Stickel, Gerhard (ed.). 16029:"Population series from 1998" 15576:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 23. 14826:"Global Guru | analysis" 14734:. 25 May 2008. Archived from 14519:. Ipu.org. 28 February 2010. 14197:. Retrieved 9 September 2013. 13805:"Economic Survey: Spain 2005" 11722:Minder, Raphael (June 2018). 10352:"The Treaty of Granada, 1492" 9764:Understanding Animal Research 9228: 9100:Appoint the president of the 9093:Appoint the president of the 8975:Order of Constitutional Merit 8913:male-preference primogeniture 8701:) are co-official languages. 8476:Topographical relief of Spain 8466:History of education in Spain 8327:Public holidays and festivals 8251:Spain's women's national team 8052:(black rice) from Catalonia. 7993:The most popular traditional 7988:Vitoria-Gasteiz jazz festival 7707:As of 2021, the festivals of 7316: 7060: 7011:World Heritage Sites in Spain 6697:); and Aranese in Catalonia. 5410:is 0.794, 12th in the world. 5203:, a small, uninhabited rocky 4665:of the Congress of Deputies. 4617: 4492:constitutional interpretation 4260: 3873:Köppen climate classification 3830:Köppen climate classification 3669:in the Balearic archipelago. 3442:Spain lies between latitudes 3234:2004 Spanish general election 3062:succeeded to the position of 2924:Francoist concentration camps 2723:Federación Anarquista Ibérica 2715:Unión General de Trabajadores 2584:Attempts to re-assert control 2401:Contemporary history of Spain 2366:War of the Spanish Succession 1520:and its provinces during the 1093:and the fourth-most populous 20350:European Economic Area (EEA) 17949:"Primera División 2015/2016" 17909:Limón, Raúl (7 March 2016). 17841:"Spain Gain at Mercat Negre" 17145:Amorós Negre, Carla (2016), 16834:. Ferede.org. Archived from 16656:"Barómetro de Enero de 2023" 16524:(in Spanish). Archived from 16472:(in Spanish). Archived from 16446:(in Spanish). Archived from 15921:International Herald Tribune 14330:Julve, Rafa (9 March 2016). 13942:(in Catalan). Archived from 13884:(in Spanish). Archived from 12710:McCaughey, J. Davis (1993). 12047:Frost, Rosie (6 July 2023). 11291:"Spain votes under a shadow" 11196:International Herald Tribune 10995:. London. 28 December 2008. 10978:, BBC News, 23 February 2003 10432:Handbook of European History 10165:Handbook of Medieval Culture 9500:. 13 March 2024. p. 288 9321:"Barómetro de Enero de 2023" 9243:Presidency of the Government 9017:Real Academia de la Historia 8917:Leonor, Princess of Asturias 8907:have been kings. However, a 8593:[es̺paɲiakoeres̺uma] 7953:Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid 7773:. Similarly to the Maghreb, 7559:There were two Schools: the 7505: 7257:Leandro Fernández de Moratín 7253:Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos 7055:Intangible cultural heritage 6758:Formación Profesional Básica 6718: 6580: 5943:, one of the busiest in the 5877:world's 15th busiest airport 5762: 5581:automotive industry in Spain 5385:in 2007 aimed at furthering 5358:Spanish Constitution of 1978 5040:Provinces and municipalities 4695:Political divisions of Spain 4447:in the personal gift of the 4411:in the performance of these 4265: 4168:Spanish Constitution of 1978 3700:landmass, dominated by high 3518:longest uninterrupted border 3392: 3361:virus was confirmed to have 3278:served as a backdrop to the 3238:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero 3220:terrorist group inspired by 3119:a military-backed government 3107:radical nationalist movement 3072:Spanish Constitution of 1978 2955:Falange Española de las JONS 2873:Nationalist or rebel faction 2453:Spanish Constitution of 1812 1860:Umayyad conquest of Hispania 1643:1.3 million years ago. 1501: 1125:is bordered to the north by 7: 21076:Iberian Peninsula countries 19066:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 18263:Geographic data related to 18188:Central Intelligence Agency 18154:A History of Medieval Spain 17712:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020). 17601:Contemporary spanish cinema 16860:. churchofjesuschrist.org. 16752:(in Spanish). p. 160. 16552:www2.compareyourcountry.org 16412:. Retrieved 9 December 2013 15875:"Spain: Immigrants Welcome" 15502:. Spain. 10 November 2010. 15275:Business Research Quarterly 14332:"Señores, se acabó la mili" 14019:(in Spanish). Cartujo.org. 13586:"Composition of the Senate" 12796:. Christian Science Monitor 12625:Panorama do Segundo Império 10207:The Economic History Review 9713:Burke, Ulick Ralph (1895). 9440:International Monetary Fund 9154:supreme command and control 8885:were also born in Hispania. 8611:[ˈrejnʊð(ɪ)esˈpaɲɐ] 8520:[ˈrejnoð(e)esˈpaɲa] 8429: 8211:2023 FIFA Women's World Cup 7949:Orquesta Nacional de España 7362:Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo 7264:Spanish Romantic literature 6892: Did not answer (1.5%) 6820: 5838:second longest in the world 5548:, petroleum companies like 5536:, train manufacturers like 5429:Cuatro Torres Business Area 5228: 5112:Union for the Mediterranean 4655:central executive authority 4604:proportional representation 4582:with 350 deputies, and the 4224:and appointed the reformer 4155: 4134:. Spain includes different 3844:) from Pozo de La Oracion, 3744:in the Canary Islands. The 3696:Mainland Spain is a rather 3431:, having territory in both 3413:fifty-first largest country 3157:European Economic Community 3143:. In May 1982 Spain joined 3133:European Economic Community 2628:(including the short-lived 2395:Liberalism and nation state 2076:Nasrid Sultanate of Granada 2046:such as Córdoba (1236) and 1635:Archaeological research at 1484:Union for the Mediterranean 1458:. Spain is a member of the 1401:second-most visited country 1323:Spanish War of independence 1317:. In the 18th century, the 1105:in the Atlantic Ocean, the 874:$ 1.647 trillion ( 822:$ 2.516 trillion ( 243:(English: "Further Beyond") 10: 21147: 20987:Czechoslovakia (1991–1992) 20571: 20301: 19573:British Overseas Territory 19191:Countries and dependencies 18115:Marcos, F. Javier (2016). 18094:Marcos, F. Javier (2006). 18076:"The Spanish Constitution" 17255:Epos. Revista de Filología 17022:Cambridge University Press 16238:Ramallo, Fernando (2018). 16144:Conversi, Daniele (2002). 16084:Plan de Retorno Voluntario 15952:. Eurostat. Archived from 15041:. Aeeolica. Archived from 14613:Benton, Lauren A. (1990). 14132:"La cuestión de Gibraltar" 14057:(Routledge, 2014). Pg. 126 13824:"Country Briefings: Spain" 13324:. Royal Household of Spain 12771:10.1177/003200949803300104 12165:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 11113:"El contubernio de Munich" 10943:Meaker, Gerald H. (1974). 10644:Cambridge University Press 10640:A Concise History of Spain 10549:Payne, Stanley G. (1973). 10468:Payne, Stanley G. (1973). 10104:Payne, Stanley G. (1973). 9964:Payne, Stanley G. (1973). 9278:"The Spanish Constitution" 9255:Boletín Oficial del Estado 9067:the Cortes Generales into 8629:[reˈjawmeðesˈpaɲɔ] 8424:Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 8330: 8239:UEFA European Championship 8191: 8118:. Also, the lightly cured 8010: 8006: 7854: 7722: 7621: 7375: 7320: 7082: 7064: 7014: 7008: 6960: 6956: 6824: 6794: 6722: 6584: 6511: 6175: 6122: 6052: 6042: 5961: 5955: 5766: 5728: 5666:in the foreground and the 5647: 5624:World Tourism Organization 5600: 5596: 5417: 5413: 5404:Gender Empowerment Measure 5349: 5343: 5319:Estado Mayor de la Defensa 5311:Chief of the Defence Staff 5232: 5087:Foreign relations of Spain 5084: 5043: 4709: 4703: 4688: 4441:Order of the Golden Fleece 4427:or, when appropriate, the 4165: 4159: 4108: 4065: 3818: 3814: 3531: 3527: 3396: 3032: 2843:Spanish Revolution of 1936 2836: 2602:'s dynastic rights in the 2398: 2310:) and then England in the 2131:(1568–1571), over 300,000 2089: 2042:Muslim strongholds in the 2012:Catholic Monarchs of Spain 1857: 1708: 1620: 1609: 1605: 1462:, the European Union, the 1307:largest empires in history 1282:unification of Spain as a 479:indifferent or no religion 29: 20979: 20933: 20690: 20629: 20569: 20414: 20403: 20356: 20299: 20288: 20147: 20025: 19979: 19956: 19838: 19742: 19698: 19673: 19648: 19635: 19582: 19558: 19551: 19528: 19515: 19473: 19462: 19201: 19121: 19079: 18971: 18868: 18859: 18745: 18736: 18630: 18621: 18508: 18499: 18444: 18349: 18340: 18296: 18291:Articles related to Spain 16993:. UNESCO Culture Sector. 16967:. UNESCO Culture Sector. 16256:10.1515/9783110365955-018 15736:. BBC. 11 December 2006. 15459:Revista de Obras Públicas 15288:10.1177/23409444211042382 14805:worldpopulationreview.com 14634:11 September 2017 at the 14380:Spanish Constitution 1978 14364:"2024 Global Peace Index" 14256:Spanish Constitution 1978 14244:Spanish Constitution 1978 13773:Spanish Constitution 1978 13761:Spanish Constitution 1978 12429:. ABC-CLIO. p. 197. 12423:Shelley, Fred M. (2015). 12301:Spanish Constitution 1978 10949:Stanford University Press 10278:10.1163/9789004443594_006 10190:– via Google Books. 9643:Spanish Constitution 1978 9025:Royal Academy of Pharmacy 8942:1981 Spanish coup attempt 8743:member states. Also, the 8359:Fiesta Nacional de España 7829:contemporary architecture 7759:Western Islamic tradition 7617: 7444:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo 7311:Miguel de Cervantes Prize 7085:Latin American literature 6811:World Health Organization 6790: 6742:Ley Orgánica de Educación 5893:Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) 5674:In 2010 Spain became the 5643: 5636:is the Spanish leader in 5506: 5391:Inter-Parliamentary Union 5299:Fuerzas Armadas Españolas 5108:Royal Palace of Pedralbes 5071:1833 territorial division 5046:Local government in Spain 5026:Policía Autónoma Andaluza 4715: 4576:Congreso de los Diputados 4556: 4496:administration of justice 4306:one whereby the reigning 4105:protected natural spaces. 3988:humid subtropical climate 3509:is surrounded by France. 3159:, which later became the 2902:Republican volunteers at 2853:carried out a coup d'état 2653:Cuban War of Independence 1264:Nasrid Kingdom of Granada 1060: 1048: 1036: 1025: 997: 975: 956: 926: 901: 882: 863: 849: 830: 811: 793: 779: 760: 753: 743: 729: 722: 718: 703: 690: 677: 664: 651: 647: 640: 625: 610: 601: 596: 592: 577: 562: 547: 532: 528: 515: 496: 429: 425: 399: 389: 345: 301: 247: 226: 192: 168: 153: 138: 123: 108: 93: 78: 45: 18724:Wars and armed conflicts 18364:Ancient History Timeline 18254:Wikimedia Atlas of Spain 17999:Nogués y Secall (1862), 17975:"Bank holidays in Spain" 17816:. London. Archived from 17810:"Spain's perfect paella" 17716:. New Haven and London: 17246:Abad, Francisco (2007). 16943:. Routledge. p. 7. 16711:26 November 2016 at the 16692:27 December 2016 at the 16673:26 November 2016 at the 16429:12 February 2015 at the 16408:12 February 2015 at the 16130:15 November 2011 at the 15734:"Immigration statistics" 15715:6 September 2014 at the 14188:8 September 2013 at the 14159:Spain's letter to the UN 12713:The Crown at State Level 12683:Faoro, Raymundo (2001). 11638:. BBC. 27 October 2017. 11612:. BBC. 26 October 2017. 11266:. BBC. 31 October 2007. 10354:. Islamic Civilisation. 9789:Anthon, Charles (1850). 9576:Journal of World History 8647:[ˈreŋneðesˈpaɲa] 8575:[ˈreŋnəðəsˈpaɲə] 8557:[ˈrejnuðesˈpaɲa] 8539:[ˈrejnoðesˈpaɲa] 8486: 8383:Other festivals include 8337:Public holidays in Spain 8187: 7478:Spanish Independence War 7307:Premio Planeta de Novela 7220:Don Quijote de La Mancha 7057:, or "Human treasures". 6360:Principality of Asturias 5741:Gran Telescopio Canarias 5709:(8 operative reactors), 5522:worker-owned cooperative 5408:Human Development Report 5387:equality between genders 4924:Estado de las Autonomías 4685:Administrative divisions 4635:collectively responsible 4390:representative democracy 4230:general election in 1977 4014:as well as parts of the 3751:There are several major 3598:, Andalusia. The little 3550:Spain also includes the 3534:List of islands of Spain 3501:. Along the Pyrenees in 3429:transcontinental country 3280:2011–12 Spanish protests 3088:Spanish 1977 Amnesty Law 3076:restoration of democracy 3029:Restoration of democracy 2730:Basque Nationalist Party 2721:was founded in 1910 and 2686:Opening ceremony of the 1905:Kingdom of Asturias-León 1631:Celtic castro in Galicia 1496:World Trade Organization 1456:fifteenth-largest by PPP 1278:is often considered the 268:(English: "Royal March") 21111:North African countries 20997:Saar (assoc. 1950–1956) 20647:Parliamentary Assembly 20642:Committee of Ministers 19729:British-Irish Agreement 18424:Transition to democracy 18399:Reaction and revolution 18152:Callaghan O.F. Joseph. 17595:Morgan-Tamosunas, Rikki 17322:Coluzzi, Paolo (2007). 17098:Oxford University Press 17016:Gies, David T. (2004). 16089:18 October 2011 at the 15900:. MSNBC. Archived from 15339:10.1093/reseval/rvaa014 15183:16 October 2013 at the 15154:. revista.consumer.es. 12353:"Institutions of Spain" 12241:Fundación Biodiversidad 12206:"Biodiversity in Spain" 11317:"An election bombshell" 10890:Universitat de València 9878:10.1126/science.1219957 9661:The Wall Street Journal 9524:Encyclopedia Britannica 9102:Constitutional Tribunal 8548: 8395:, the carnivals in the 7823:was led by groups like 7755:Islamicate architecture 7750:vernacular architecture 6734:University of Salamanca 5753:Global Innovation Index 5626:are located in Madrid. 5244:Amphibious assault ship 5197:Exclusive Economic Zone 5054:Municipalities of Spain 4668:The prime minister, as 4504:Constitutional Tribunal 4247:parliamentary democracy 4208:Prime Minister of Spain 4068:Climate change in Spain 3485:, and the peninsula of 3371:active euthanasia legal 3312:independence from Spain 3264:Spanish property bubble 3226:bombing commuter trains 3208:supported US president 3096:1977 Massacre of Atocha 2993:which was propelled by 2421:Second Spanish Republic 2288:Battle of Ponta Delgada 2190:French Wars of Religion 1573: 1559: 1436:constitutional monarchy 1432:parliamentary democracy 1399:, Spain is the world's 1032:which observe WET/WEST. 581:President of the Senate 450:non-practicing Catholic 101: 36:España (disambiguation) 20730:Bosnia and Herzegovina 19858:Bosnia and Herzegovina 19565:(Sovereign Base Areas) 19246:Bosnia and Herzegovina 19014:International Interest 18822:Science and technology 18518:Autonomous communities 17163:10.1515/soci-2016-0003 16381:La Ley Orgánica 2/2006 16342:10.15304/9788416533015 15983:30 August 2008 at the 14666:"OECD report for 2006" 12668:Sousa, Galvão (1962). 12590:10.1628/joer-2022-0009 12287:6 January 2010 at the 11247:. BBC. 14 March 2004. 10617:10.2436/20.3004.01.119 9678:ABC (28 August 2014). 9190:to foreign states and 9124:autonomous communities 8828: 8822: 8816: 8810: 8804: 8777: 8675:autonomous communities 8620: 8602: 8584: 8566: 8530: 8516:Spanish pronunciation: 8511: 8426: 8253:were champions of the 8218: 8142:and shellfish dishes. 7873: 7741: 7640: 7565:Juan Martínez Montañés 7525: 7464: 7456: 7397: 7387: 7371: 7336: 7249:Benito Jerónimo Feijóo 7161:, became increasingly 7138: 7006: 6975: 6737: 6619:autonomous communities 6605:—featured in the 1978 6598: 6523: 5973: 5744: 5725:Science and technology 5671: 5664:PS10 Solar Power Plant 5615: 5590:gross domestic product 5453: 5435: 5332:According to the 2024 5305:is the King of Spain, 5294: 5255: 5185:Spain claims Gibraltar 5114: 5100: 4966:public administrations 4700:Autonomous communities 4643:deputy prime ministers 4549: 4541: 4449:House of Bourbon-Anjou 4314:of the Crown and thus 4296:branches of government 4275: 4251:autonomous communities 4106: 3848: 3833: 3693: 3690:Santa Cruz de Tenerife 3586:is also regarded as a 3568: 3547: 3408: 3334: 3284:Catalan independentism 3259: 3190: 3136: 3084:autonomous communities 3048: 2981: 2941:and provided the Nazi 2907: 2869:International Brigades 2786: 2759: 2690: 2675:. It remained neutral 2648: 2630:First Spanish Republic 2557: 2471: 2460: 2444: 2405:Mid-19th-century Spain 2361: 2354:Enlightenment in Spain 2350:The family of Philip V 2331:separation of Portugal 2319:Protestant Reformation 2275: 2204: 2188:, intervention in the 2146: 2101: 2062:was conquered, so was 2015: 1944: 1897:conquered North Africa 1888: 1880: 1811: 1780:, and the philosopher 1731: 1632: 1598: 1347:Francoist dictatorship 1305:and formed one of the 1293:, Spain pioneered the 253: 231: 161: 146: 131: 116: 86: 51: 32:Spain (disambiguation) 21081:Member states of NATO 20657:Court of Human Rights 20304:Potential enlargement 19990:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 19983:and other territories 19592:Bailiwick of Guernsey 19563:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 19051:National Day of Spain 18225:International Futures 18198:UCB Libraries GovPubs 18056:Gates, David (2001). 17977:. bank-holidays.com. 17951:. worldfootball.net. 17718:Yale University Press 17581:Montes Fernández 2011 17520:Montes Fernández 2011 17508:Montes Fernández 2011 17394:Universidad del Zulia 15423:Red de Alta Velocidad 14894:. NPR. 15 July 2010. 14397:8 August 2016 at the 13997:. European Commission 13788:. CNN. 18 June 2006. 12210:Climatechangepost.com 12144:Nature Communications 10806:(Gates 2001, p. 467.) 10724:Martínez Shaw, Carlos 10694:Casey, James (1999). 10131:Scheen, Rolf (1996). 9815:. BBC. 30 June 2007. 9745:Catholic Encyclopedia 9139:military appointments 9029:Royal Spanish Academy 8662:Constitution of Spain 8421: 8333:National Day of Spain 8201: 7965:Gran Teatre del Liceu 7864: 7732: 7631: 7513: 7385: 7330: 7180:The Book of Good Love 7121: 7089:Royal Spanish Academy 7001: 6982:and one of the major 6970: 6732: 6594: 6521: 6035:, French and others. 5999:In 2022, the average 5971: 5958:Demographics of Spain 5921:Madrid-Barcelona line 5738: 5657: 5610: 5518:Mondragon Corporation 5449:business district in 5441: 5427: 5365:Amnesty International 5346:Human rights in Spain 5292: 5280:Air and Space Force ( 5242: 5106: 5094: 4612:regional legislatures 4545:Legislative authority 4537:The hemicycle of the 4536: 4359:constitutional crises 4270: 4092: 3861:Mediterranean climate 3839: 3828: 3706:Cordillera Cantábrica 3680: 3584:de Vélez de la Gomera 3541: 3514:Portugal–Spain border 3487:de Vélez de la Gomera 3406: 3325: 3257: 3181: 3173:Dirty war against ETA 3127: 3046: 2967: 2901: 2827:women's right to vote 2781:was approved. Deputy 2772: 2749: 2685: 2657:Philippine Revolution 2642: 2552:General and stateman 2551: 2466: 2450: 2428: 2348: 2261: 2202: 2144: 2129:War of the Alpujarras 2099: 2010: 1935: 1886: 1875: 1809:Treasure of Guarrazar 1799: 1722: 1630: 1540:Jesús Luis Cunchillos 1345:, giving rise to the 1141:; and to the west by 745:• Water (%) 18655:Constitutional Court 17691:. pp. 153–154. 17689:Taylor & Francis 17092:Labanyi, Jo (2010). 16939:Townson, N. (2007). 16838:on 30 September 2011 16731:20 July 2020 at the 16108:10 July 2017 at the 15822:23 July 2013 at the 15627:Gapminder Foundation 15552:"Population Figures" 14787:ICEX-Invest in Spain 14627:Roberto A. Ferdman, 14042:Articles 140 and 141 13742:. Constitute Project 13720:. Constitute Project 13698:. Constitute Project 13676:. Constitute Project 13654:. Constitute Project 13632:. Constitute Project 13610:. Constitute Project 13544:. Constitute Project 13522:. Constitute Project 13500:. Constitute Project 13478:. Constitute Project 13456:. Constitute Project 13434:. Constitute Project 13412:. Constitute Project 13390:. Constitute Project 13368:. Constitute Project 13346:. Constitute Project 13302:. Constitute Project 13280:. Constitute Project 13258:. Constitute Project 13236:. Constitute Project 13214:. Constitute Project 13192:. Constitute Project 13170:. Constitute Project 13148:. Constitute Project 13126:. Constitute Project 13104:. Constitute Project 13082:. Constitute Project 13060:. Constitute Project 13038:. Constitute Project 13016:. Constitute Project 12994:. Constitute Project 12972:. Constitute Project 12950:. Constitute Project 12928:. Constitute Project 12906:. Constitute Project 12884:. Constitute Project 12862:. Constitute Project 12840:. Constitute Project 12818:. Constitute Project 12641:A democracia coroada 12553:. Constitute Project 12531:. Constitute Project 12509:. Constitute Project 12487:. Constitute Project 12465:. Constitute Project 12404:. Constitute Project 12382:. Constitute Project 12330:. Constitute Project 12247:on 24 September 2022 11475:. 21 November 2011. 11167:. 23 February 1981. 10797:(Gates 2001, p. 20.) 10788:". TheHistoryNet.com 10786:Napoleon's Total War 10272:. pp. 124–125. 10090:3 April 2017 at the 9608:30 June 2023 at the 9113:Prosecution Ministry 9086:Appoint and dismiss 8963:Order of Civil Merit 8955:Order of Charles III 8814:(Spanish State) and 8508:Statutes of Autonomy 8378:running of the bulls 8355:Spain's National Day 8299:that were hosted in 8293:1992 Summer Olympics 7725:Spanish architecture 7515:The Comb of the Wind 7427:architecture or the 7237:Calderón de la Barca 7229:Francisco de Quevedo 7027:World Heritage Sites 6994:World Heritage Sites 6933:A study made by the 6797:Health care in Spain 6681:officially named as 6607:Spanish Constitution 6514:Immigration to Spain 6110:Autonomous community 6090:Autonomous community 6001:total fertility rate 5881:airport of Barcelona 5352:LGBT rights in Spain 5260:Spanish Armed Forces 5235:Spanish Armed Forces 5181:territorial disputes 5131:diplomatic relations 4916:and regions of Spain 4651:Council of Ministers 4572:Congress of Deputies 4568:bicameral parliament 4539:Congress of Deputies 4523:Congress of Deputies 4511:Government formation 4417:cannot be prosecuted 4344:national sovereignty 4292:separation of powers 4288:Spanish Constitution 4222:Carlos Arias Navarro 3992:continental climates 3708:(Cantabrian Range), 3673:Mountains and rivers 3606:is a Spanish-French 3351:institutional crisis 3339:Congress of Deputies 3286:also rose. In 2011, 3262:The bursting of the 3184:1992 Summer Olympics 3019:National Catholicism 2764:La Canadiense strike 2661:Spanish–American War 2451:Promulgation of the 2413:Spanish–American War 2111:Christopher Columbus 1971:Ramiro I of Asturias 1877:Alfonso X of Castile 1825:, together with the 1405:World Heritage Sites 1085:with territories in 999:• Summer ( 762:• 2024 estimate 708:Current constitution 635:Congress of Deputies 21071:Countries in Europe 21066:Countries in Africa 21033: / 19685:unincorporated area 19614:Bailiwick of Jersey 19476:States with limited 18598:Plazas de soberanía 17660:. 9 February 2022. 17583:, pp. 609–610. 17510:, pp. 602–603. 17367:, pp. 103–104. 16811:The Washington Post 16786:World Values Survey 16502:on 26 November 2020 16476:on 16 November 2020 16402:Ley Orgánica 8/2013 16387:25 May 2011 at the 15616:Roser, Max (2014), 15326:Research Evaluation 15234:10.34667/tind.46596 15152:"La Fuerza del Mar" 15128:. 9 November 2010. 15102:on 14 December 2011 14924:on 24 November 2010 14473:Pew Research Center 14277:. 6 November 2016. 13975:on 11 December 2009 12156:2020NatCo..11.5978G 11951:25 May 2017 at the 11101:on 21 October 2014. 10993:The Daily Telegraph 10328:. 4 December 2008. 9870:2012Sci...336.1409P 9864:(6087): 1409–1413. 9245:(11 October 1997). 8767:autonomous regions. 8585:Espainiako Erresuma 8387:tomato festival in 8255:2023 FIFA World Cup 8221:While varieties of 7821:International style 7757:, belonging to the 7596:Pedro Duque Cornejo 7538:Cathedral of Toledo 7275:Benito Pérez Galdós 7225:Miguel de Cervantes 7214:Lazarillo de Tormes 7155:Galician-Portuguese 7112:Glosas Emilianenses 7093:Instituto Cervantes 7075:Galician literature 7047:Heritage of Mercury 7021:Cathedrals in Spain 6924:Jehovah's Witnesses 6783:coordinated by the 6679:Valencian Community 6480:Valencian Community 6462:Valencian Community 6242:Valencian Community 6153:Community of Madrid 5456:Spain's capitalist 5383:Gender Equality Act 5376:Pew Research Center 5218:plazas de soberanía 5209:Strait of Gibraltar 4928:Statute of Autonomy 4623:Executive authority 4372:that does not make 3582:. The peninsula of 3570:plazas de soberanía 3564:Strait of Gibraltar 3266:in 2008 led to the 3141:La Movida Madrileña 2959:Movimiento Nacional 2732:formed in 1895 and 2673:scramble for Africa 2645:Sexenio Democrático 2625:Sexenio Democrático 2620:Glorious Revolution 2554:Baldomero Espartero 2516:war of independence 2484:War of the Pyrenees 2480:the first Coalition 2308:Battle of the Downs 2249:School of Salamanca 2245:Counter-Reformation 2184:, clashes with the 2052:County of Barcelona 2044:Guadalquivir Valley 1789:in the province of 1506:The name of Spain ( 1430:Spain is a secular 370: / 132:Espainiako Erresuma 20992:Russia (1996–2022) 20444:provisional member 20358:EFTA member states 19584:Crown Dependencies 18827:Telecommunications 18528:Biosphere Reserves 18429:Contemporary Spain 18419:Spain under Franco 18359:Prehistoric Iberia 18183:The World Factbook 18027:Noticias Jurídicas 17782:. Linguatics.com. 17760:on 28 October 2011 17471:, p. 169–170. 17100:. pp. 18–19. 17024:. pp. 73–74. 16890:. September 2020. 16858:"Spain – Newsroom" 16528:on 31 October 2020 16450:on 5 November 2020 16093:Gobierno de España 16039:on 2 November 2007 15658:The World Factbook 15476:on 1 February 2020 15045:on 20 October 2021 13917:on 20 January 2011 13852:. The World Bank. 11728:The New York Times 11032:10.1017/heq.2023.5 10775:, pp. 14, 23. 10773:Martínez Shaw 2016 9088:ministers of state 8747:domain is used in 8697:(locally known as 8427: 8323:both are popular. 8219: 8209:celebrating their 8046:from Valencia and 7995:musical instrument 7913:Alicia de Larrocha 7909:Montserrat Caballé 7874: 7841:Santiago Calatrava 7833:Spanish architects 7742: 7691:and the so-called 7663:for films such as 7641: 7526: 7448:Francisco Zurbarán 7405:artistic movements 7398: 7337: 7323:Spanish philosophy 7247:authors included, 7195:Mester de Clerecía 7191:Mester de Juglaría 7139: 7122:Bronze statues of 7071:Catalan literature 7067:Spanish literature 7007: 6976: 6738: 6725:Education in Spain 6689:); Basque (in the 6599: 6596:Languages of Spain 6587:Languages of Spain 6524: 6017:Sub-Saharan Africa 5974: 5789:, Extremadura and 5769:Transport in Spain 5745: 5672: 5616: 5486:youth unemployment 5464:worldwide and the 5454: 5436: 5334:Global Peace Index 5303:commander-in-chief 5295: 5266:Ejército de Tierra 5256: 5135:European Community 5115: 5101: 5050:Provinces of Spain 4670:head of government 4653:which, as Spain's 4647:ministers of state 4645:, and the various 4631:Gobierno de España 4557:Spanish Parliament 4542: 4392:, and upholds the 4386:Spanish government 4235:Constituent Cortes 4107: 3900:Castilla-La Mancha 3849: 3834: 3716:(Central System), 3712:(Iberian System), 3694: 3615:Cabildos insulares 3588:plaza de soberanía 3576:Chafarinas Islands 3548: 3409: 3399:Geography of Spain 3367:Next Generation EU 3337:In June 2018, the 3335: 3308:Catalan parliament 3302:In October 2017 a 3260: 3202:Prestige oil spill 3191: 3137: 3103:Basque nationalism 3049: 2982: 2978:Meeting at Hendaye 2908: 2822:Revolution of 1934 2787: 2760: 2691: 2677:during World War I 2649: 2558: 2528:King Ferdinand VII 2472: 2461: 2445: 2417:Anarchism in Spain 2362: 2276: 2255:and human rights. 2237:Spanish Golden Age 2205: 2147: 2102: 2033:Kingdom of Castile 2016: 1945: 1889: 1881: 1812: 1732: 1715:Visigothic Kingdom 1633: 1623:Prehistoric Iberia 1528:(meaning "Land of 1274:in 1479 under the 1214:Visigothic Kingdom 1188:, the province of 1153:, and other major 859:2024 estimate 807:2024 estimate 694:First constitution 320:Show map of Europe 21106:Monarchy of Spain 21016: 21015: 21010: 21009: 20677:Venice Commission 20637:Secretary General 20623:Council of Europe 20589: 20588: 20447: 20398: 20386: 20374: 20315: 20314: 20103: 20102: 19832:Mediterranean Sea 19797: 19796: 19738: 19737: 19660:autonomous region 19631: 19630: 19627: 19626: 19157: 19156: 19117: 19116: 19041:Myths and legends 19009:National Interest 18855: 18854: 18807:Largest companies 18732: 18731: 18719:Political parties 18687:Foreign relations 18617: 18616: 18565:Iberian Peninsula 18513:Autonomous cities 18495: 18494: 18067:978-0-306-81083-1 18060:. Da Capo Press. 17845:The Village Voice 17727:978-0-300-21870-1 17698:978-1-138-03546-1 17107:978-0-19-920805-0 16629:. seg-social.es. 16200:978-3-631-60365-9 15987:, 10 October 2007 15959:on 19 August 2008 15885:on 6 October 2008 15623:Our World in Data 15243:978-92-805-3432-0 14852:"Economic report" 14832:on 6 January 2011 14750:"Big in America?" 14653:Applies Economics 14194:The Portugal News 13588:. Senate of Spain 12699:on 4 August 2016. 12686:Os Donos do Poder 12654:978-85-402-0667-0 12436:978-1-4408-3813-2 12267:The New Spaniards 12113:www.aljazeera.com 12085:. 29 April 2023. 11802:10.1136/bmj.n1343 11323:. 18 March 2004. 10833:978-84-7090-366-3 10744:978-84-608-8037-0 10509:978-0-297-64563-4 10094:, Thomas F. Glick 9702:978-84-9815-764-2 9210:right of clemency 9182:Accredit Spanish 8783:[esˈpaɲa] 8621:Reiaume d'Espanha 8523:) is as follows: 8411:in Andalusia and 8259:Women's World Cup 8074:, or immersed in 7933:Pablo de Sarasate 7586:and his daughter 7542:Bartolomé Ordóñez 7530:Alonso Berruguete 7429:Isabelline Gothic 7303:Generation of '50 7299:Generation of '36 7295:Generation of '27 7291:Generation of '98 7197:were cultivated. 7189:. Genres such as 7168:Cantar de Mio Cid 7099:Mozarabic Romance 7079:Basque literature 6899:Roman Catholicism 6844: Practicing 6827:Religion in Spain 6801:Abortion in Spain 6640:, Ceutan Arabic ( 6555:population growth 6504: 6503: 5873:airport of Madrid 5827:energy efficiency 5684:Alvarado, Badajoz 5670:in the background 5472:, as well as the 5121:in 1975, Spain's 5081:Foreign relations 5015:Mossos d'Esquadra 4996:, Catalonia, and 4854:Mediterranean Sea 4565: 4370:moderating branch 4355:resolves disputes 4312:living embodiment 4255:autonomous cities 4162:Politics of Spain 4111:Wildlife of Spain 4042:) in the zone of 3917:semi-arid climate 3871:according to the 3842:Naranjo de Bulnes 3619:Consells insulars 3617:in the Canaries, 3556:Mediterranean Sea 3477:in North Africa ( 3450:, and longitudes 3306:was held and the 3249:same sex marriage 3105:coexisted with a 3053:European Movement 2995:industrialisation 2893:social revolution 2839:Spanish Civil War 2750:Demonstration in 2669:Generation of '98 2568:Peninsular elites 2512:2 May 1808 revolt 2482:. The subsequent 2335:Thirty Years' War 2327:Holy Roman Empire 2284:Battle of Lepanto 2253:international law 2219:). The so-called 2194:Anglo-Spanish War 2119:Treaty of Granada 2080:Catholic Monarchs 2056:Kingdom of Aragon 1942:Mosque of Cordoba 1893:Umayyad Caliphate 1518:Iberian Peninsula 1476:Council of Europe 1448:developed country 1343:Spanish Civil War 1339:American colonies 1276:Catholic Monarchs 1212:, who formed the 1200:of Hispania, the 1182:pre-Roman peoples 1111:autonomous cities 1099:Iberian Peninsula 1072: 1071: 920:medium inequality 884:• Per capita 832:• Per capita 681:Centralized state 572:Francina Armengol 454:16.5% practicing 441:Roman Catholicism 390:Official language 293: 183: 182: 162:Reiaume d'Espanha 16:(Redirected from 21138: 21048: 21047: 21045: 21044: 21043: 21038: 21034: 21031: 21030: 21029: 21026: 20616: 20609: 20602: 20593: 20592: 20441: 20416:EU member states 20409: 20392: 20380: 20368: 20342: 20335: 20328: 20319: 20318: 20294: 20130: 20123: 20116: 20107: 20106: 20018: 20006: 19998: 19840:Sovereign states 19824: 19817: 19810: 19801: 19800: 19785: 19773: 19772: 19759:Governed by the 19721:Northern Ireland 19664:Åland convention 19646: 19645: 19556: 19555: 19526: 19525: 19468: 19203:Sovereign states 19184: 19177: 19170: 19161: 19160: 19137: 19130: 18866: 18865: 18797:Financial crisis 18787:Economic history 18743: 18742: 18660:Cortes Generales 18628: 18627: 18570:Peninsular Spain 18506: 18505: 18457:Pre-Roman Iberia 18452:General overview 18347: 18346: 18323: 18316: 18309: 18300: 18299: 18287: 18286: 18262: 18261: 18252: 18251: 18147:Spain: a history 18132: 18111: 18090: 18088: 18086: 18080: 18071: 18043: 18042: 18040: 18038: 18019: 18013: 18010: 18004: 17997: 17991: 17990: 17988: 17986: 17971: 17965: 17964: 17962: 17960: 17945: 17939: 17938: 17936: 17934: 17906: 17900: 17899: 17897: 17895: 17867: 17861: 17860: 17858: 17856: 17836: 17830: 17829: 17827: 17825: 17805: 17796: 17795: 17793: 17791: 17776: 17770: 17769: 17767: 17765: 17750: 17744: 17738: 17732: 17731: 17709: 17703: 17702: 17680: 17674: 17673: 17671: 17669: 17650: 17644: 17643: 17637: 17635: 17613: 17607: 17606: 17604: 17590: 17584: 17578: 17572: 17571: 17569: 17567: 17561: 17538: 17529: 17523: 17517: 17511: 17505: 17499: 17498: 17496: 17494: 17478: 17472: 17466: 17460: 17454: 17448: 17447: 17445: 17443: 17437: 17431:. Archived from 17430: 17419: 17413: 17412: 17410: 17408: 17402: 17383: 17374: 17368: 17362: 17356: 17355: 17353: 17351: 17319: 17313: 17307: 17301: 17300: 17280: 17274: 17273: 17271: 17269: 17263: 17252: 17243: 17237: 17236: 17234: 17232: 17215:: 226; 228–229. 17200: 17194: 17193: 17192: 17190: 17151:Sociolinguistica 17142: 17136: 17130: 17124: 17118: 17112: 17111: 17089: 17083: 17082: 17080: 17078: 17042: 17036: 17035: 17013: 17007: 17006: 17004: 17002: 16987: 16981: 16980: 16978: 16976: 16961: 16955: 16954: 16936: 16930: 16929: 16927: 16925: 16920:. 1 January 2024 16910: 16904: 16903: 16901: 16899: 16880: 16874: 16873: 16871: 16869: 16854: 16848: 16847: 16845: 16843: 16828: 16822: 16821: 16819: 16808: 16800: 16794: 16793: 16778: 16772: 16765: 16763: 16761: 16745: 16736: 16722: 16716: 16703: 16697: 16684: 16678: 16665: 16659: 16649: 16643: 16642: 16640: 16638: 16623: 16617: 16606: 16600: 16599: 16597: 16595: 16589: 16582: 16574: 16568: 16567: 16565: 16563: 16544: 16538: 16537: 16535: 16533: 16518: 16512: 16511: 16509: 16507: 16498:. Archived from 16492: 16486: 16485: 16483: 16481: 16466: 16460: 16459: 16457: 16455: 16440: 16434: 16419: 16413: 16398: 16392: 16377: 16371: 16370: 16368: 16366: 16360: 16354:. Archived from 16331: 16322: 16316: 16315: 16313: 16311: 16296: 16290: 16284: 16278: 16277: 16235: 16229: 16223: 16217: 16216: 16214: 16212: 16178: 16172: 16171: 16169: 16167: 16161: 16150: 16141: 16135: 16122: 16113: 16100: 16094: 16081: 16075: 16074: 16072: 16070: 16055: 16049: 16048: 16046: 16044: 16025: 16019: 16018: 16016: 16014: 15994: 15988: 15975: 15969: 15968: 15966: 15964: 15958: 15951: 15943: 15937: 15936: 15934: 15932: 15913: 15911: 15909: 15894: 15892: 15890: 15881:. Archived from 15871: 15869: 15867: 15861: 15854: 15846: 15840: 15833: 15827: 15814: 15808: 15807: 15805: 15803: 15785: 15779: 15778: 15776: 15774: 15756: 15750: 15749: 15747: 15745: 15730: 15724: 15706: 15700: 15699: 15697: 15695: 15690:on 25 March 2008 15680: 15674: 15673: 15672: 15670: 15661:, 12 July 2018, 15649: 15643: 15642: 15641: 15639: 15613: 15607: 15606: 15604: 15602: 15591: 15585: 15570: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15559: 15548: 15542: 15541: 15539: 15537: 15522: 15516: 15515: 15513: 15511: 15492: 15486: 15485: 15483: 15481: 15475: 15469:. 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Archived from 14856: 14848: 14842: 14841: 14839: 14837: 14822: 14816: 14815: 14813: 14811: 14797: 14791: 14790: 14779: 14770: 14769: 14767: 14765: 14746: 14740: 14739: 14724: 14718: 14717: 14715: 14713: 14694: 14688: 14687: 14685: 14683: 14677: 14670: 14662: 14656: 14649: 14643: 14625: 14619: 14618: 14610: 14604: 14603: 14596: 14590: 14589: 14587: 14585: 14571: 14565: 14564: 14562: 14560: 14555:on 29 April 2011 14554: 14547: 14539: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14528: 14513: 14507: 14506: 14504: 14502: 14487: 14481: 14480: 14465: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14454: 14434: 14428: 14427: 14425: 14423: 14408: 14402: 14389: 14383: 14377: 14371: 14370: 14368: 14360: 14354: 14353: 14351: 14349: 14327: 14321: 14320: 14318: 14316: 14297: 14291: 14290: 14288: 14286: 14265: 14259: 14253: 14247: 14241: 14235: 14234: 14232: 14213: 14204: 14198: 14180: 14174: 14173: 14171: 14164: 14154: 14148: 14147: 14145: 14143: 14128: 14122: 14121: 14119: 14117: 14111: 14104: 14096: 14090: 14089: 14087: 14085: 14079: 14072: 14064: 14058: 14051: 14045: 14039: 14033: 14032: 14030: 14028: 14013: 14007: 14006: 14004: 14002: 13991: 13985: 13984: 13982: 13980: 13965: 13959: 13958: 13956: 13954: 13948: 13941: 13933: 13927: 13926: 13924: 13922: 13907: 13901: 13900: 13898: 13896: 13891:on 26 March 2009 13890: 13883: 13875: 13869: 13868: 13866: 13864: 13858: 13851: 13843: 13841: 13839: 13820: 13818: 13816: 13801: 13799: 13797: 13782: 13776: 13770: 13764: 13758: 13752: 13751: 13749: 13747: 13736: 13730: 13729: 13727: 13725: 13714: 13708: 13707: 13705: 13703: 13692: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13681: 13670: 13664: 13663: 13661: 13659: 13648: 13642: 13641: 13639: 13637: 13626: 13620: 13619: 13617: 13615: 13604: 13598: 13597: 13595: 13593: 13582: 13576: 13575: 13573: 13571: 13560: 13554: 13553: 13551: 13549: 13538: 13532: 13531: 13529: 13527: 13516: 13510: 13509: 13507: 13505: 13494: 13488: 13487: 13485: 13483: 13472: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13461: 13450: 13444: 13443: 13441: 13439: 13428: 13422: 13421: 13419: 13417: 13406: 13400: 13399: 13397: 13395: 13384: 13378: 13377: 13375: 13373: 13362: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13351: 13340: 13334: 13333: 13331: 13329: 13318: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13296: 13290: 13289: 13287: 13285: 13274: 13268: 13267: 13265: 13263: 13252: 13246: 13245: 13243: 13241: 13230: 13224: 13223: 13221: 13219: 13208: 13202: 13201: 13199: 13197: 13186: 13180: 13179: 13177: 13175: 13164: 13158: 13157: 13155: 13153: 13142: 13136: 13135: 13133: 13131: 13120: 13114: 13113: 13111: 13109: 13098: 13092: 13091: 13089: 13087: 13076: 13070: 13069: 13067: 13065: 13054: 13048: 13047: 13045: 13043: 13032: 13026: 13025: 13023: 13021: 13010: 13004: 13003: 13001: 12999: 12988: 12982: 12981: 12979: 12977: 12966: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12955: 12944: 12938: 12937: 12935: 12933: 12922: 12916: 12915: 12913: 12911: 12900: 12894: 12893: 12891: 12889: 12878: 12872: 12871: 12869: 12867: 12856: 12850: 12849: 12847: 12845: 12834: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12823: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12789: 12783: 12782: 12750: 12741: 12740: 12732: 12726: 12725: 12723: 12721: 12707: 12701: 12700: 12698: 12691: 12680: 12674: 12673: 12665: 12659: 12658: 12646: 12635: 12629: 12628: 12620: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12609: 12569: 12563: 12562: 12560: 12558: 12547: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12536: 12525: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12514: 12503: 12497: 12496: 12494: 12492: 12481: 12475: 12474: 12472: 12470: 12459: 12453: 12452: 12450: 12448: 12420: 12414: 12413: 12411: 12409: 12398: 12392: 12391: 12389: 12387: 12376: 12365: 12364: 12362: 12360: 12349: 12340: 12339: 12337: 12335: 12324: 12318: 12317: 12310: 12304: 12298: 12292: 12279: 12273: 12263: 12257: 12256: 12254: 12252: 12243:. Archived from 12237:"The Foundation" 12232: 12226: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12202: 12196: 12195: 12185: 12167: 12135: 12129: 12128: 12126: 12124: 12105: 12099: 12098: 12096: 12094: 12075: 12069: 12068: 12066: 12064: 12044: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12033: 12027: 12014: 12006: 12000: 11999: 11997: 11995: 11989: 11982: 11974: 11968: 11942: 11936: 11931: 11925: 11920: 11914: 11909: 11903: 11902: 11900: 11898: 11870: 11864: 11863: 11861: 11859: 11839: 11833: 11832: 11822: 11804: 11780: 11774: 11773: 11771: 11769: 11750: 11744: 11743: 11741: 11739: 11719: 11713: 11712: 11710: 11708: 11688: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11677: 11658: 11652: 11651: 11649: 11647: 11632: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11621: 11606: 11600: 11599: 11581: 11575: 11574: 11556: 11550: 11549: 11547: 11545: 11536:. 18 June 2014. 11526: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11486: 11484: 11465: 11459: 11458: 11456: 11454: 11435: 11429: 11428: 11426: 11424: 11404: 11398: 11397: 11395: 11393: 11384:. 30 June 2005. 11374: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11363: 11343: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11332: 11313: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11286: 11280: 11279: 11277: 11275: 11260: 11258: 11256: 11241: 11235: 11234: 11232: 11230: 11211: 11209: 11207: 11187: 11181: 11180: 11178: 11176: 11157: 11151: 11150: 11139: 11133: 11132: 11130: 11128: 11109: 11103: 11102: 11097:. Archived from 11091: 11085: 11084: 11068: 11062: 11061: 11043: 11015: 11009: 11008: 11006: 11004: 10985: 10979: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10940: 10934: 10933: 10922: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10911: 10877: 10871: 10870: 10865: 10863: 10845: 10839: 10837: 10813: 10807: 10804: 10798: 10795: 10789: 10784:David A. Bell. " 10782: 10776: 10770: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10759: 10753: 10732: 10720: 10714: 10713: 10691: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10664: 10658: 10657: 10635: 10629: 10628: 10600: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10589: 10573: 10567: 10566: 10564: 10562: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10535: 10520: 10514: 10513: 10492: 10486: 10485: 10483: 10481: 10465: 10459: 10458: 10456: 10454: 10427: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10416: 10405:"Imperial Spain" 10401: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10390: 10374: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10363: 10348: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10337: 10318: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10257: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10246: 10198: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10187: 10159: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10117: 10101: 10095: 10082: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10071: 10055: 10049: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10038: 10027: 10018: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10007: 9991: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9961: 9952: 9951: 9949: 9947: 9921: 9912: 9906: 9905: 9852: 9846: 9835: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9809: 9803: 9802: 9796: 9786: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9741: 9733: 9727: 9726: 9710: 9704: 9694: 9688: 9687: 9675: 9669: 9668: 9652: 9646: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9628:. Archived from 9626:www.cervantes.es 9618: 9612: 9598: 9592: 9591: 9571: 9565: 9564: 9562: 9560: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9526:. 26 July 2023. 9516: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9505: 9495: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9458: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9447: 9428: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9396: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9385: 9366: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9349: 9338: 9330: 9324: 9314: 9308: 9307: 9300: 9294: 9293: 9291: 9289: 9284:on 25 March 2013 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9251: 9239: 9222: 9111:, who leads the 9041: 9035: 9001: 8995: 8951: 8945: 8934: 8928: 8905:Spanish monarchs 8901: 8895: 8892: 8886: 8871: 8865: 8852: 8846: 8839: 8833: 8831: 8825: 8819: 8813: 8807: 8800: 8794: 8793: 8792: 8791: 8785: 8774: 8768: 8733: 8727: 8720: 8714: 8671: 8665: 8664:to be Castilian. 8658: 8652: 8649: 8644: 8631: 8626: 8613: 8608: 8595: 8590: 8577: 8572: 8559: 8554: 8541: 8536: 8522: 8517: 8500: 8471:Outline of Spain 8460: 8455: 8454: 8453: 8446: 8441: 8440: 8439: 8413:Castile and León 8321:Valencian pilota 8263:Barcelona Femení 8179: 8172: 8159:, a traditional 8153: 8104:Galician cuisine 8067:cocido madrileño 7897:Enrique Granados 7703: 7608:Eduardo Chillida 7519:Eduardo Chillida 7469: 7461: 7392: 7358:Generation of 98 7283:or the Galician 7174:Tirant lo Blanch 7017:Castles in Spain 7003:Burgos Cathedral 6963:Culture of Spain 6891: 6881: 6875: 6865: 6859: 6853: 6843: 6685:); Galician (in 6675:Balearic Islands 6412:Balearic Islands 6378:Region of Murcia 6258:Castile and León 6190: 6180: 6137: 6127: 6062: 6050: 6049: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5987: 5941:Port of Valencia 5936: 5908: 5831:Miguel Sebastián 5688:nuclear reactors 5634:Castile and Leon 5603:Tourism in Spain 5511: 5510: 5490:informal economy 5478:José María Aznar 5420:Economy of Spain 5248:aircraft carrier 5150:Hispanic America 5075:Javier de Burgos 4904: 4895: 4886: 4875: 4866: 4855: 4832: 4777: 4720: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4551:Cortes Generales 4529:Cortes Generales 4421:countersignature 4338:, or indeed the 4282: 4199: 4180: 4099:Castile and Leon 4056:tropical climate 4030:, and a typical 4016:Cantabrian Range 3929:Region of Murcia 3821:Climate of Spain 3718:Montes de Toledo 3623:Pityusic islands 3573: 3552:Balearic Islands 3373:. Following the 3290:'s conservative 3206:José María Aznar 3011:authoritarianism 2970:Francisco Franco 2889:Francisco Franco 2885:non-intervention 2779:women's suffrage 2773:Women voting in 2754:during the 1909 2543:absolute monarch 2505:Joseph Bonaparte 2358:House of Bourbon 2221:Age of Discovery 2174:Schmalkaldic War 2164:(1516–1556) and 1984:protection money 1901:Byzantine Empire 1736:Second Punic War 1612:History of Spain 1601: 1576: 1562: 1548: 1494:(OSCE), and the 1425:Romance language 1291:Age of Discovery 1268:Crown of Castile 1206:inward migration 1198:Christianization 1123:Peninsular Spain 1107:Balearic Islands 1079:Kingdom of Spain 1012: 984: 947: 946: 940: 939: 933: 922: 921: 915: 914: 908: 892: 891: 873: 872: 856: 840: 839: 821: 820: 804: 771:48,797,875 ( 770: 769: 714:29 December 1978 710: 606: 605: 603:Cortes Generales 403: 385: 384: 382: 381: 380: 375: 374:40.433°N 3.700°W 371: 368: 367: 366: 363: 348:and largest city 321: 318: 311: 308: 295: 294: 266: 258: 236: 214: 200: 179: 164: 149: 134: 119: 104: 89: 76: 75: 70: 62: 54: 47:Kingdom of Spain 43: 42: 21: 18:Kingdom of Spain 21146: 21145: 21141: 21140: 21139: 21137: 21136: 21135: 21051: 21050: 21041: 21039: 21035: 21032: 21027: 21024: 21022: 21020: 21019: 21017: 21012: 21011: 21006: 20975: 20929: 20855:North Macedonia 20686: 20625: 20620: 20590: 20585: 20584: 20582:UK–EU relations 20578:CH–EU relations 20565: 20410: 20401: 20352: 20348:Members of the 20346: 20316: 20311: 20310: 20295: 20286: 20143: 20134: 20104: 20099: 20085:Sea of Sardinia 20021: 20016: 20004: 19992: 19975: 19966:Northern Cyprus 19952: 19834: 19828: 19798: 19793: 19766: 19754:Oceanic islands 19734: 19727:subject to the 19694: 19689:Svalbard Treaty 19687:subject to the 19669: 19662:subject to the 19642: 19640: 19638: 19623: 19578: 19547: 19522: 19519: 19511: 19497:Northern Cyprus 19480: 19477: 19469: 19460: 19376:North Macedonia 19197: 19188: 19158: 19153: 19140: 19133: 19126: 19113: 19108:Toro de Osborne 19075: 19056:Public holidays 18967: 18928:Life expectancy 18851: 18817:Property bubble 18728: 18613: 18491: 18487:Spanish miracle 18440: 18414:Second Republic 18336: 18327: 18292: 18259: 18249: 18174: 18160:Frank, Waldo D. 18139: 18137:Further reading 18129: 18108: 18084: 18082: 18078: 18068: 18052: 18047: 18046: 18036: 18034: 18021: 18020: 18016: 18011: 18007: 17998: 17994: 17984: 17982: 17973: 17972: 17968: 17958: 17956: 17947: 17946: 17942: 17932: 17930: 17907: 17903: 17893: 17891: 17868: 17864: 17854: 17852: 17837: 17833: 17823: 17821: 17806: 17799: 17789: 17787: 17778: 17777: 17773: 17763: 17761: 17752: 17751: 17747: 17739: 17735: 17728: 17710: 17706: 17699: 17681: 17677: 17667: 17665: 17652: 17651: 17647: 17633: 17631: 17614: 17610: 17593:Jordan, Barry; 17591: 17587: 17579: 17575: 17565: 17563: 17559: 17536: 17530: 17526: 17518: 17514: 17506: 17502: 17492: 17490: 17479: 17475: 17467: 17463: 17455: 17451: 17441: 17439: 17438:on 2 April 2022 17435: 17428: 17420: 17416: 17406: 17404: 17400: 17381: 17375: 17371: 17363: 17359: 17349: 17347: 17340: 17332:. p. 103. 17320: 17316: 17308: 17304: 17281: 17277: 17267: 17265: 17261: 17257:(23): 244–245. 17250: 17244: 17240: 17230: 17228: 17201: 17197: 17188: 17186: 17143: 17139: 17131: 17127: 17119: 17115: 17108: 17090: 17086: 17076: 17074: 17043: 17039: 17032: 17014: 17010: 17000: 16998: 16989: 16988: 16984: 16974: 16972: 16963: 16962: 16958: 16951: 16937: 16933: 16923: 16921: 16912: 16911: 16907: 16897: 16895: 16882: 16881: 16877: 16867: 16865: 16856: 16855: 16851: 16841: 16839: 16830: 16829: 16825: 16817: 16806: 16802: 16801: 16797: 16780: 16779: 16775: 16759: 16757: 16746: 16739: 16733:Wayback Machine 16723: 16719: 16713:Wayback Machine 16704: 16700: 16694:Wayback Machine 16685: 16681: 16675:Wayback Machine 16666: 16662: 16650: 16646: 16636: 16634: 16625: 16624: 16620: 16607: 16603: 16593: 16591: 16587: 16580: 16576: 16575: 16571: 16561: 16559: 16546: 16545: 16541: 16531: 16529: 16520: 16519: 16515: 16505: 16503: 16494: 16493: 16489: 16479: 16477: 16468: 16467: 16463: 16453: 16451: 16442: 16441: 16437: 16433:. teinteresa.es 16431:Wayback Machine 16420: 16416: 16410:Wayback Machine 16399: 16395: 16389:Wayback Machine 16378: 16374: 16364: 16362: 16361:on 25 July 2021 16358: 16352: 16329: 16323: 16319: 16309: 16307: 16298: 16297: 16293: 16285: 16281: 16266: 16250:. p. 462. 16236: 16232: 16224: 16220: 16210: 16208: 16201: 16193:. p. 129. 16179: 16175: 16165: 16163: 16159: 16148: 16142: 16138: 16132:Wayback Machine 16123: 16116: 16110:Wayback Machine 16101: 16097: 16091:Wayback Machine 16082: 16078: 16068: 16066: 16057: 16056: 16052: 16042: 16040: 16027: 16026: 16022: 16012: 16010: 15995: 15991: 15985:Wayback Machine 15976: 15972: 15962: 15960: 15956: 15949: 15945: 15944: 15940: 15930: 15928: 15915: 15907: 15905: 15896: 15888: 15886: 15873: 15865: 15863: 15862:on 26 July 2008 15859: 15852: 15848: 15847: 15843: 15834: 15830: 15824:Wayback Machine 15815: 15811: 15801: 15799: 15787: 15786: 15782: 15772: 15770: 15758: 15757: 15753: 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2008 14865: 14854: 14850: 14849: 14845: 14835: 14833: 14824: 14823: 14819: 14809: 14807: 14799: 14798: 14794: 14781: 14780: 14773: 14763: 14761: 14748: 14747: 14743: 14738:on 7 June 2010. 14726: 14725: 14721: 14711: 14709: 14696: 14695: 14691: 14681: 14679: 14675: 14668: 14664: 14663: 14659: 14650: 14646: 14636:Wayback Machine 14626: 14622: 14611: 14607: 14598: 14597: 14593: 14583: 14581: 14573: 14572: 14568: 14558: 14556: 14552: 14545: 14541: 14540: 14536: 14526: 14524: 14515: 14514: 14510: 14500: 14498: 14489: 14488: 14484: 14475:. 4 June 2013. 14467: 14466: 14462: 14452: 14450: 14435: 14431: 14421: 14419: 14410: 14409: 14405: 14399:Wayback Machine 14392:Spain 2015/2016 14390: 14386: 14378: 14374: 14366: 14362: 14361: 14357: 14347: 14345: 14328: 14324: 14314: 14312: 14299: 14298: 14294: 14284: 14282: 14267: 14266: 14262: 14254: 14250: 14242: 14238: 14230: 14211: 14205: 14201: 14190:Wayback Machine 14181: 14177: 14169: 14162: 14156: 14155: 14151: 14141: 14139: 14130: 14129: 14125: 14115: 14113: 14109: 14102: 14098: 14097: 14093: 14083: 14081: 14077: 14070: 14066: 14065: 14061: 14052: 14048: 14040: 14036: 14026: 14024: 14015: 14014: 14010: 14000: 13998: 13993: 13992: 13988: 13978: 13976: 13967: 13966: 13962: 13952: 13950: 13949:on 11 July 2009 13946: 13939: 13935: 13934: 13930: 13920: 13918: 13909: 13908: 13904: 13894: 13892: 13888: 13881: 13877: 13876: 13872: 13862: 13860: 13856: 13849: 13845: 13837: 13835: 13822: 13814: 13812: 13803: 13795: 13793: 13784: 13783: 13779: 13771: 13767: 13759: 13755: 13745: 13743: 13738: 13737: 13733: 13723: 13721: 13716: 13715: 13711: 13701: 13699: 13694: 13693: 13689: 13679: 13677: 13672: 13671: 13667: 13657: 13655: 13650: 13649: 13645: 13635: 13633: 13628: 13627: 13623: 13613: 13611: 13606: 13605: 13601: 13591: 13589: 13584: 13583: 13579: 13569: 13567: 13562: 13561: 13557: 13547: 13545: 13540: 13539: 13535: 13525: 13523: 13518: 13517: 13513: 13503: 13501: 13496: 13495: 13491: 13481: 13479: 13474: 13473: 13469: 13459: 13457: 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12821: 12819: 12814: 12813: 12809: 12799: 12797: 12790: 12786: 12751: 12744: 12733: 12729: 12719: 12717: 12708: 12704: 12696: 12689: 12681: 12677: 12666: 12662: 12655: 12644: 12636: 12632: 12621: 12617: 12607: 12605: 12570: 12566: 12556: 12554: 12549: 12548: 12544: 12534: 12532: 12527: 12526: 12522: 12512: 12510: 12505: 12504: 12500: 12490: 12488: 12483: 12482: 12478: 12468: 12466: 12461: 12460: 12456: 12446: 12444: 12437: 12421: 12417: 12407: 12405: 12400: 12399: 12395: 12385: 12383: 12378: 12377: 12368: 12358: 12356: 12351: 12350: 12343: 12333: 12331: 12326: 12325: 12321: 12312: 12311: 12307: 12299: 12295: 12289:Wayback Machine 12280: 12276: 12264: 12260: 12250: 12248: 12233: 12229: 12219: 12217: 12204: 12203: 12199: 12136: 12132: 12122: 12120: 12107: 12106: 12102: 12092: 12090: 12077: 12076: 12072: 12062: 12060: 12045: 12041: 12031: 12029: 12025: 12012: 12008: 12007: 12003: 11993: 11991: 11987: 11980: 11976: 11975: 11971: 11953:Wayback Machine 11943: 11939: 11932: 11928: 11921: 11917: 11910: 11906: 11896: 11894: 11871: 11867: 11857: 11855: 11840: 11836: 11781: 11777: 11767: 11765: 11758:The Irish Times 11752: 11751: 11747: 11737: 11735: 11720: 11716: 11706: 11704: 11689: 11685: 11675: 11673: 11660: 11659: 11655: 11645: 11643: 11634: 11633: 11629: 11619: 11617: 11608: 11607: 11603: 11582: 11578: 11557: 11553: 11543: 11541: 11528: 11527: 11523: 11513: 11511: 11496: 11492: 11482: 11480: 11467: 11466: 11462: 11452: 11450: 11445:. 15 May 2012. 11437: 11436: 11432: 11422: 11420: 11405: 11401: 11391: 11389: 11376: 11375: 11371: 11361: 11359: 11344: 11340: 11330: 11328: 11315: 11314: 11310: 11300: 11298: 11287: 11283: 11273: 11271: 11262: 11254: 11252: 11243: 11242: 11238: 11228: 11226: 11213: 11205: 11203: 11188: 11184: 11174: 11172: 11159: 11158: 11154: 11141: 11140: 11136: 11126: 11124: 11119:. 4 June 2012. 11111: 11110: 11106: 11093: 11092: 11088: 11069: 11065: 11016: 11012: 11002: 11000: 10987: 10986: 10982: 10974: 10970: 10963: 10941: 10937: 10923: 10919: 10909: 10907: 10900: 10878: 10874: 10861: 10859: 10846: 10842: 10834: 10826:. p. 209. 10814: 10810: 10805: 10801: 10796: 10792: 10783: 10779: 10771: 10767: 10757: 10755: 10751: 10745: 10730: 10721: 10717: 10710: 10692: 10688: 10678: 10676: 10665: 10661: 10654: 10646:. p. 175. 10636: 10632: 10601: 10597: 10587: 10585: 10574: 10570: 10560: 10558: 10547: 10543: 10533: 10531: 10522: 10521: 10517: 10510: 10493: 10489: 10479: 10477: 10466: 10462: 10452: 10450: 10443: 10429: 10428: 10424: 10414: 10412: 10411:on 29 June 2008 10403: 10402: 10398: 10388: 10386: 10375: 10371: 10361: 10359: 10350: 10349: 10345: 10335: 10333: 10320: 10319: 10315: 10305: 10303: 10288: 10258: 10254: 10244: 10242: 10199: 10195: 10185: 10183: 10176: 10160: 10156: 10146: 10144: 10129: 10125: 10115: 10113: 10102: 10098: 10092:Wayback Machine 10083: 10079: 10069: 10067: 10056: 10052: 10042: 10040: 10036: 10025: 10019: 10015: 10005: 10003: 9992: 9985: 9975: 9973: 9962: 9955: 9945: 9943: 9919: 9913: 9909: 9853: 9849: 9836: 9832: 9822: 9820: 9811: 9810: 9806: 9787: 9783: 9773: 9771: 9758: 9757: 9753: 9734: 9730: 9723:2027/hvd.fl29jg 9711: 9707: 9695: 9691: 9676: 9672: 9653: 9649: 9641: 9637: 9632:on 13 May 2021. 9620: 9619: 9615: 9610:Wayback Machine 9599: 9595: 9572: 9568: 9558: 9556: 9548: 9547: 9543: 9533: 9531: 9518: 9517: 9513: 9503: 9501: 9493: 9489: 9488: 9484: 9474: 9472: 9460: 9459: 9455: 9445: 9443: 9442:. 16 April 2024 9430: 9429: 9418: 9408: 9406: 9398: 9397: 9393: 9383: 9381: 9368: 9367: 9363: 9353: 9351: 9347: 9336: 9332: 9331: 9327: 9315: 9311: 9302: 9301: 9297: 9287: 9285: 9276: 9275: 9271: 9263: 9249: 9240: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9225: 9214:general pardons 9042: 9038: 9003:They being the 9002: 8998: 8983:foreign affairs 8952: 8948: 8935: 8931: 8902: 8898: 8893: 8889: 8872: 8868: 8853: 8849: 8840: 8836: 8829:Reino de España 8817:Nación española 8801: 8797: 8787: 8786: 8775: 8771: 8734: 8730: 8721: 8717: 8672: 8668: 8659: 8655: 8642: 8639:Regne d'Espanya 8624: 8606: 8603:Reino de España 8588: 8570: 8567:Regne d'Espanya 8552: 8534: 8531:Reino d'Espanya 8515: 8512:Reino de España 8504:other languages 8502:In Spain, some 8501: 8494: 8489: 8456: 8451: 8449: 8442: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8347: 8331:Main articles: 8329: 8196: 8190: 8185: 8184: 8183: 8182: 8181: 8173: 8165: 8164: 8154: 8080:Manchego cheese 8015: 8013:Spanish cuisine 8009: 7941:Teresa Berganza 7901:Plácido Domingo 7893:Manuel de Falla 7859: 7853: 7851:Music and dance 7803:The arrival of 7735:Sagrada Família 7727: 7721: 7697: 7666:Pan's Labyrinth 7633:Pedro Almodóvar 7626: 7624:Cinema of Spain 7620: 7508: 7484:Joaquín Sorolla 7452:Diego Velázquez 7413:Spanish Baroque 7395:Diego Velázquez 7380: 7374: 7325: 7319: 7271:Spanish Realism 7241:Tirso de Molina 7132:Plaza de España 7095: 7081: 7065:Main articles: 7063: 7023: 7013: 6996: 6988:Catholic Church 6984:Latin countries 6980:Western country 6965: 6959: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6887: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6871: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6855: 6851: 6849: 6841: 6829: 6823: 6803: 6795:Main articles: 6793: 6727: 6721: 6705:Moroccan Arabic 6664:, to which the 6589: 6583: 6571:Financial Times 6516: 6510: 6505: 6389:Vitoria-Gasteiz 6191: 6185: 6181: 6138: 6132: 6128: 6072: 6071: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6047: 6041: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5947: 5937: 5928: 5909: 5864:and the French 5801:), Cantabrian ( 5771: 5765: 5733: 5727: 5660:Solucar Complex 5652: 5650:Energy in Spain 5646: 5605: 5599: 5422: 5416: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5237: 5231: 5140:As a member of 5089: 5083: 5056: 5044:Main articles: 5042: 5009:Policía Canaria 4908: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4873: 4869: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4849: 4846: 4842: 4839: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4771: 4766: 4763: 4759: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4697: 4689:Main articles: 4687: 4625:rests with the 4620: 4531: 4458:established by 4437:Royal Household 4378:public services 4363:abuses of power 4361:, and prevents 4351:chief executive 4332:The Netherlands 4290:provides for a 4284: 4277: 4268: 4263: 4249:composed of 17 4214: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4136:phytogeographic 4113: 4087: 4085:Fauna and flora 4070: 4064: 3948:oceanic climate 3898:, northeastern 3846:Picos de Europa 3840:Urriellu peak ( 3823: 3817: 3805:Alluvial plains 3753:rivers in Spain 3714:Sistema Central 3710:Sistema Ibérico 3675: 3600:Pheasant Island 3542:Aerial view of 3536: 3530: 3401: 3395: 3381:(successors of 3363:spread to Spain 3169:Felipe González 3165:Partido Popular 3135:on 12 June 1985 3129:Felipe González 3041: 3033:Main articles: 3031: 2968:Spanish leader 2849: 2847:Francoist Spain 2837:Main articles: 2835: 2814:Second Republic 2783:Clara Campoamor 2777:in 1933, after 2699:labour movement 2535:Cortes of Cádiz 2478:as a member of 2476:French Republic 2457:Cortes of Cádiz 2441:Joaquín Sorolla 2423: 2399:Main articles: 2397: 2381:Bourbon Reforms 2343: 2272:Antonio Gisbert 2233:Precious metals 2094: 2088: 2020:Kingdom of León 1918:Marca Hispanica 1870: 1856: 1851:Muslim era and 1845:Visigothic rule 1717: 1709:Main articles: 1707: 1625: 1619: 1614: 1608: 1542: 1504: 1397:cultural wealth 1337:of most of the 1319:Bourbon reforms 1315:precious metals 1272:Crown of Aragon 1204:ushered in the 1091:Southern Europe 1077:, formally the 1007: 1004: 979: 944: 943: 942: 931: 919: 918: 917: 906: 885: 866: 854: 833: 814: 798: 782: 763: 746: 732: 711: 706: 696: 683: 670: 660:20 January 1479 657: 631: 616: 583: 568: 553: 538: 511: 492: 489:1.5% unanswered 462: 433: 421: 401: 378: 376: 372: 369: 364: 361: 359: 357: 356: 355: 349: 341: 340: 333: 323: 322: 319: 312: 297: 296: 273: 269: 267: 260: 242: 222: 221: 220: 215: 207: 206: 201: 188: 187: 186: 177:Regne d'Espanya 147:Reino de España 117:Regne d'Espanya 87:Reino d'Espanya 72: 71: 68: 63: 56: 52:Reino de España 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 21144: 21134: 21133: 21128: 21123: 21118: 21113: 21108: 21103: 21098: 21093: 21088: 21083: 21078: 21073: 21068: 21063: 21014: 21013: 21008: 21007: 21005: 21004: 20999: 20994: 20989: 20983: 20981: 20980:Former members 20977: 20976: 20974: 20973: 20968: 20963: 20958: 20953: 20948: 20943: 20937: 20935: 20931: 20930: 20928: 20927: 20925:United Kingdom 20922: 20917: 20912: 20907: 20902: 20897: 20892: 20887: 20882: 20877: 20872: 20867: 20862: 20857: 20852: 20847: 20842: 20837: 20832: 20827: 20822: 20817: 20812: 20807: 20802: 20797: 20792: 20787: 20782: 20777: 20772: 20767: 20762: 20757: 20752: 20750:Czech Republic 20747: 20742: 20737: 20732: 20727: 20722: 20717: 20712: 20707: 20702: 20696: 20694: 20688: 20687: 20685: 20684: 20682:Pompidou Group 20679: 20674: 20669: 20664: 20659: 20654: 20649: 20644: 20639: 20633: 20631: 20627: 20626: 20619: 20618: 20611: 20604: 20596: 20587: 20586: 20570: 20567: 20566: 20564: 20563: 20558: 20553: 20548: 20543: 20538: 20533: 20528: 20523: 20518: 20513: 20508: 20503: 20498: 20493: 20488: 20483: 20478: 20473: 20468: 20463: 20458: 20456:Czech Republic 20453: 20448: 20436: 20431: 20426: 20420: 20418: 20412: 20411: 20404: 20402: 20400: 20399: 20387: 20375: 20362: 20360: 20354: 20353: 20345: 20344: 20337: 20330: 20322: 20313: 20312: 20308:Former members 20300: 20297: 20296: 20289: 20287: 20285: 20284: 20279: 20274: 20269: 20264: 20259: 20254: 20249: 20244: 20239: 20234: 20229: 20224: 20219: 20214: 20209: 20204: 20199: 20194: 20189: 20184: 20179: 20177:Czech Republic 20174: 20169: 20164: 20159: 20154: 20148: 20145: 20144: 20141:European Union 20133: 20132: 20125: 20118: 20110: 20101: 20100: 20098: 20097: 20095:Tyrrhenian Sea 20092: 20087: 20082: 20080:Sea of Marmara 20077: 20072: 20067: 20062: 20057: 20052: 20047: 20042: 20037: 20031: 20029: 20023: 20022: 20020: 20019: 20007: 19999: 19986: 19984: 19977: 19976: 19974: 19973: 19968: 19962: 19960: 19954: 19953: 19951: 19950: 19945: 19940: 19935: 19930: 19925: 19920: 19915: 19910: 19905: 19900: 19895: 19890: 19885: 19880: 19875: 19870: 19865: 19860: 19855: 19850: 19844: 19842: 19836: 19835: 19827: 19826: 19819: 19812: 19804: 19795: 19794: 19792: 19791: 19779: 19765: 19764: 19757: 19751: 19748: 19744: 19743: 19740: 19739: 19736: 19735: 19733: 19732: 19718: 19713: 19708: 19702: 19700: 19699:United Kingdom 19696: 19695: 19693: 19692: 19677: 19675: 19671: 19670: 19668: 19667: 19652: 19650: 19643: 19636: 19633: 19632: 19629: 19628: 19625: 19624: 19622: 19621: 19616: 19611: 19610: 19609: 19604: 19599: 19588: 19586: 19580: 19579: 19577: 19576: 19566: 19559: 19553: 19552:United Kingdom 19549: 19548: 19546: 19545: 19544: 19543: 19532: 19530: 19523: 19516: 19513: 19512: 19510: 19509: 19504: 19499: 19494: 19489: 19483: 19481: 19474: 19471: 19470: 19463: 19461: 19459: 19458: 19453: 19451:United Kingdom 19448: 19443: 19438: 19433: 19428: 19423: 19418: 19413: 19408: 19403: 19398: 19393: 19388: 19383: 19378: 19373: 19368: 19363: 19358: 19353: 19348: 19343: 19338: 19333: 19328: 19323: 19318: 19313: 19308: 19303: 19298: 19293: 19288: 19283: 19278: 19273: 19268: 19266:Czech Republic 19263: 19258: 19253: 19248: 19243: 19238: 19233: 19228: 19223: 19218: 19213: 19207: 19205: 19199: 19198: 19187: 19186: 19179: 19172: 19164: 19155: 19154: 19152: 19151: 19146: 19139: 19138: 19131: 19123: 19122: 19119: 19118: 19115: 19114: 19112: 19111: 19104: 19099: 19098:Cultural icons 19096: 19091: 19085: 19083: 19077: 19076: 19074: 19073: 19068: 19063: 19058: 19053: 19048: 19043: 19038: 19033: 19028: 19023: 19018: 19017: 19016: 19011: 19003: 18998: 18993: 18988: 18983: 18977: 18975: 18969: 18968: 18966: 18965: 18960: 18955: 18950: 18945: 18940: 18935: 18930: 18925: 18920: 18915: 18910: 18905: 18900: 18895: 18890: 18885: 18880: 18875: 18869: 18863: 18857: 18856: 18853: 18852: 18850: 18849: 18844: 18839: 18834: 18829: 18824: 18819: 18814: 18809: 18804: 18799: 18794: 18789: 18784: 18783: 18782: 18777: 18772: 18762: 18757: 18752: 18746: 18740: 18734: 18733: 18730: 18729: 18727: 18726: 18721: 18716: 18711: 18706: 18705: 18704: 18699: 18689: 18684: 18679: 18678: 18677: 18675:Prime Minister 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18631: 18625: 18619: 18618: 18615: 18614: 18612: 18611: 18606: 18601: 18594: 18589: 18587:National parks 18584: 18582:Municipalities 18579: 18574: 18573: 18572: 18562: 18557: 18555:Extreme points 18552: 18547: 18540: 18535: 18530: 18525: 18515: 18509: 18503: 18497: 18496: 18493: 18492: 18490: 18489: 18484: 18479: 18474: 18469: 18464: 18462:Spanish Empire 18459: 18454: 18448: 18446: 18442: 18441: 18439: 18438: 18437: 18436: 18426: 18421: 18416: 18411: 18406: 18404:First Republic 18401: 18396: 18391: 18386: 18381: 18376: 18374:Medieval Spain 18371: 18369:Roman Hispania 18366: 18361: 18355: 18353: 18344: 18338: 18337: 18326: 18325: 18318: 18311: 18303: 18297: 18294: 18293: 18284: 18283: 18277: 18276: 18272: 18271: 18256: 18245: 18244: 18240: 18239: 18233: 18232: 18228: 18227: 18218: 18209: 18200: 18191: 18173: 18172:External links 18170: 18169: 18168: 18157: 18150: 18138: 18135: 18134: 18133: 18127: 18112: 18106: 18091: 18072: 18066: 18051: 18048: 18045: 18044: 18014: 18005: 17992: 17966: 17940: 17901: 17862: 17831: 17820:on 4 June 2010 17797: 17771: 17745: 17743:, p. 171. 17733: 17726: 17720:. p. 88. 17704: 17697: 17675: 17658:Audiovisual451 17645: 17608: 17585: 17573: 17524: 17522:, p. 603. 17512: 17500: 17473: 17469:Caponigri 1967 17461: 17449: 17414: 17369: 17357: 17338: 17314: 17302: 17275: 17238: 17195: 17137: 17125: 17113: 17106: 17084: 17037: 17030: 17008: 16982: 16956: 16949: 16931: 16905: 16875: 16849: 16823: 16795: 16782:"WVS Database" 16773: 16737: 16717: 16698: 16679: 16660: 16644: 16618: 16601: 16569: 16539: 16513: 16487: 16461: 16435: 16414: 16393: 16372: 16350: 16317: 16291: 16289:, p. 463. 16279: 16264: 16230: 16228:, p. 465. 16218: 16199: 16173: 16162:on 11 May 2008 16136: 16114: 16095: 16076: 16050: 16020: 15989: 15970: 15938: 15904:on 13 May 2008 15841: 15828: 15809: 15795:(in Spanish). 15780: 15751: 15725: 15723:. 6 July 2010. 15701: 15675: 15644: 15608: 15586: 15565: 15543: 15517: 15487: 15442: 15409: 15383: 15372:on 18 May 2013 15357: 15332:(4): 392–405. 15312: 15261: 15242: 15214: 15188: 15169: 15143: 15113: 15087: 15056: 15030: 15004: 14989:(in Spanish). 14979:(6 May 2018). 14968: 14953:(in Spanish). 14935: 14909: 14879: 14843: 14817: 14792: 14771: 14741: 14719: 14689: 14657: 14644: 14642:(16 July 2013) 14620: 14605: 14591: 14566: 14534: 14508: 14482: 14460: 14429: 14403: 14384: 14372: 14355: 14322: 14292: 14260: 14248: 14236: 14199: 14175: 14149: 14138:on 29 May 2009 14123: 14091: 14059: 14046: 14034: 14008: 13986: 13960: 13928: 13902: 13870: 13777: 13775:, Article 147. 13765: 13763:, Article 143. 13753: 13731: 13709: 13687: 13665: 13643: 13621: 13599: 13577: 13555: 13533: 13511: 13489: 13467: 13445: 13423: 13401: 13379: 13357: 13335: 13313: 13291: 13269: 13247: 13225: 13203: 13181: 13159: 13137: 13115: 13093: 13071: 13049: 13027: 13005: 12983: 12961: 12939: 12917: 12895: 12873: 12851: 12829: 12807: 12784: 12742: 12727: 12702: 12675: 12660: 12653: 12630: 12615: 12580:. Neue Folge. 12564: 12542: 12520: 12498: 12476: 12454: 12435: 12415: 12393: 12366: 12341: 12319: 12305: 12293: 12274: 12258: 12227: 12197: 12130: 12100: 12070: 12039: 12001: 11969: 11967:, pp. 713–723. 11937: 11926: 11915: 11904: 11865: 11850:(in Spanish). 11834: 11775: 11745: 11714: 11683: 11653: 11627: 11601: 11594:(in Spanish). 11576: 11551: 11521: 11490: 11460: 11430: 11399: 11369: 11338: 11308: 11281: 11236: 11221:. 3 May 2007. 11182: 11152: 11134: 11104: 11086: 11063: 11026:(2): 198–220. 11010: 10980: 10968: 10961: 10935: 10926:Costa, Joaquín 10917: 10898: 10892:. p. 33. 10872: 10840: 10832: 10824:Ediciones Akal 10808: 10799: 10790: 10777: 10765: 10743: 10715: 10708: 10702:. p. 83. 10686: 10659: 10652: 10630: 10595: 10568: 10541: 10515: 10508: 10487: 10460: 10441: 10422: 10396: 10369: 10343: 10313: 10286: 10252: 10213:(3): 835–861. 10193: 10174: 10154: 10123: 10096: 10077: 10050: 10013: 9983: 9953: 9907: 9847: 9830: 9804: 9781: 9751: 9728: 9705: 9689: 9670: 9647: 9635: 9613: 9593: 9566: 9554:britannica.com 9541: 9511: 9482: 9453: 9416: 9391: 9361: 9325: 9309: 9295: 9269: 9259:(in Spanish). 9233: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9220: 9217: 9206: 9180: 9171: 9161: 9150: 9127: 9116: 9109:Fiscal General 9105: 9098: 9091: 9084: 9062: 9036: 8996: 8946: 8929: 8896: 8887: 8866: 8847: 8834: 8811:Estado español 8795: 8769: 8765:Basque-Country 8741:European Union 8728: 8715: 8666: 8653: 8651: 8650: 8632: 8614: 8596: 8578: 8560: 8549:Reinu d'España 8542: 8514:, pronounced: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8484: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8462: 8461: 8447: 8431: 8428: 8397:Canary Islands 8351:Roman Catholic 8328: 8325: 8243:FIFA World Cup 8227:Real Madrid CF 8194:Sport in Spain 8192:Main article: 8189: 8186: 8174: 8167: 8166: 8155: 8148: 8147: 8146: 8145: 8144: 8062:Castilian soup 8032:pescaíto frito 8011:Main article: 8008: 8005: 7969:Teatro Arriaga 7857:Music of Spain 7855:Main article: 7852: 7849: 7845:Ricardo Bofill 7786:pre-Romanesque 7777:decoration in 7723:Main article: 7720: 7717: 7622:Main article: 7619: 7616: 7604:Pablo Gargallo 7600:Julio González 7569:Granada School 7561:Seville School 7554:Damián Forment 7546:Diego de Siloé 7507: 7504: 7474:Francisco Goya 7466:Las Hilanderas 7440:José de Ribera 7376:Main article: 7373: 7370: 7321:Main article: 7318: 7315: 7062: 7059: 7009:Main article: 6995: 6992: 6961:Main article: 6958: 6955: 6888: 6878: 6872: 6862: 6856: 6850: 6840: 6832: 6831: 6830: 6825:Main article: 6822: 6819: 6792: 6789: 6723:Main article: 6720: 6717: 6691:Basque Country 6585:Main article: 6582: 6579: 6512:Main article: 6509: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6485: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6468: 6467: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6446:Canary Islands 6443: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6417: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6394:Basque Country 6391: 6386: 6383: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6315: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6264: 6263: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6174: 6171: 6169:Basque Country 6166: 6161: 6158: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6142: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6064: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6048: 6043:Main article: 6040: 6037: 5956:Main article: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5938: 5931: 5929: 5910: 5903: 5775:Basque Country 5767:Main article: 5764: 5761: 5729:Main article: 5726: 5723: 5648:Main article: 5645: 5642: 5601:Main article: 5598: 5595: 5470:European Union 5418:Main article: 5415: 5412: 5344:Main article: 5341: 5338: 5233:Main article: 5230: 5227: 5201:Perejil Island 5193:Savage Islands 5158:Ibero-American 5123:foreign policy 5085:Main article: 5082: 5079: 5064:municipalities 5041: 5038: 4994:Canary Islands 4982:Basque Country 4899: 4894:Gibraltar (UK) 4890: 4879: 4870: 4859: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4781: 4772: 4767: 4760: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4704:Main article: 4701: 4698: 4686: 4683: 4641:, one or more 4639:prime minister 4619: 4616: 4608:limited voting 4530: 4527: 4515:prime minister 4485:snap elections 4468:reserve powers 4445:dynastic order 4425:prime minister 4376:or administer 4340:United Kingdom 4304:constitutional 4279:King Felipe VI 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4201: 4194: 4193: 4182: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4160:Main article: 4157: 4154: 4109:Main article: 4086: 4083: 4066:Main article: 4063: 4062:Climate change 4060: 4052:Canary Islands 4032:desert climate 4028:Iberian System 4020:Central System 3984:alpine climate 3980: 3979: 3968:Iberian System 3956:Basque Country 3944: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3887: 3819:Main article: 3816: 3813: 3746:Meseta Central 3726:Sistema Bético 3686:active volcano 3674: 3671: 3590:. The isle of 3560:Canary Islands 3532:Main article: 3529: 3526: 3522:European Union 3473:, through its 3397:Main article: 3394: 3391: 3383:Unidas Podemos 3331:Jaume Collboni 3316:Spanish Senate 3292:People's Party 3276:People's Party 3210:George W. Bush 3161:European Union 3147:, followed by 3030: 3027: 3007:Basque Country 2834: 2831: 2643:Caricature of 2492:Peace of Basel 2396: 2393: 2342: 2339: 2304:Dutch Republic 2292:Spanish Armada 2280:Ottoman Empire 2209:Spanish Empire 2158:maritime power 2154:Habsburg Spain 2092:Spanish Empire 2090:Main article: 2087: 2086:Spanish Empire 2084: 2029:Cortes of León 1947:Conversion to 1855: 1849: 1785:North-African 1740:Roman Republic 1706: 1703: 1621:Main article: 1618: 1615: 1610:Main article: 1607: 1604: 1567:". Therefore, 1563:, meaning "to 1503: 1500: 1460:United Nations 1389:Western Europe 1311:Spanish empire 1103:Canary Islands 1095:European Union 1070: 1069: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1034: 1033: 1030:Canary Islands 1026: 1023: 1022: 1005: 998: 995: 994: 977: 973: 972: 958: 954: 953: 934: 924: 923: 909: 899: 898: 893:$ 34,045 ( 886: 883: 880: 879: 867: 864: 861: 860: 857: 847: 846: 841:$ 52,012 ( 834: 831: 828: 827: 815: 812: 809: 808: 805: 791: 790: 783: 781:• Density 780: 777: 776: 764: 761: 758: 757: 751: 750: 747: 744: 741: 740: 733: 730: 727: 726: 720: 719: 716: 715: 712: 704: 701: 700: 697: 691: 688: 687: 684: 678: 675: 674: 671: 668:Sole sovereign 665: 662: 661: 658: 655:Dynastic union 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 638: 637: 632: 626: 623: 622: 617: 611: 608: 607: 598: 594: 593: 590: 589: 584: 578: 575: 574: 569: 563: 560: 559: 554: 551:Prime Minister 548: 545: 544: 539: 533: 530: 529: 526: 525: 519: 513: 512: 510: 509: 506: 502: 500: 494: 493: 491: 490: 487: 485:other religion 481: 475: 469: 463: 461: 460: 459: 458: 452: 443: 436: 434: 431: 427: 426: 423: 422: 420: 419: 413: 406: 404: 397: 396: 391: 387: 386: 379:40.433; -3.700 350: 347: 343: 342: 336:European Union 334:– in the 325: 324: 313: 303: 302: 299: 298: 271: 270: 245: 244: 224: 223: 216: 209: 208: 202: 195: 194: 193: 190: 189: 185: 184: 181: 180: 173: 166: 165: 158: 151: 150: 143: 136: 135: 128: 121: 120: 113: 106: 105: 102:Reinu d'España 98: 91: 90: 83: 67: 66: 65: 64: 49: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21143: 21132: 21129: 21127: 21124: 21122: 21119: 21117: 21114: 21112: 21109: 21107: 21104: 21102: 21099: 21097: 21094: 21092: 21089: 21087: 21084: 21082: 21079: 21077: 21074: 21072: 21069: 21067: 21064: 21062: 21059: 21058: 21056: 21049: 21046: 21003: 21000: 20998: 20995: 20993: 20990: 20988: 20985: 20984: 20982: 20978: 20972: 20969: 20967: 20966:United States 20964: 20962: 20959: 20957: 20954: 20952: 20949: 20947: 20944: 20942: 20939: 20938: 20936: 20932: 20926: 20923: 20921: 20918: 20916: 20913: 20911: 20908: 20906: 20903: 20901: 20898: 20896: 20893: 20891: 20888: 20886: 20883: 20881: 20878: 20876: 20873: 20871: 20868: 20866: 20863: 20861: 20858: 20856: 20853: 20851: 20848: 20846: 20843: 20841: 20838: 20836: 20833: 20831: 20828: 20826: 20823: 20821: 20818: 20816: 20815:Liechtenstein 20813: 20811: 20808: 20806: 20803: 20801: 20798: 20796: 20793: 20791: 20788: 20786: 20783: 20781: 20778: 20776: 20773: 20771: 20768: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20738: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20716: 20713: 20711: 20708: 20706: 20703: 20701: 20698: 20697: 20695: 20693: 20689: 20683: 20680: 20678: 20675: 20673: 20670: 20668: 20665: 20663: 20660: 20658: 20655: 20653: 20650: 20648: 20645: 20643: 20640: 20638: 20635: 20634: 20632: 20628: 20624: 20617: 20612: 20610: 20605: 20603: 20598: 20597: 20594: 20583: 20579: 20575: 20574:UK membership 20568: 20562: 20559: 20557: 20554: 20552: 20549: 20547: 20544: 20542: 20539: 20537: 20534: 20532: 20529: 20527: 20524: 20522: 20519: 20517: 20514: 20512: 20509: 20507: 20504: 20502: 20499: 20497: 20494: 20492: 20489: 20487: 20484: 20482: 20479: 20477: 20474: 20472: 20469: 20467: 20464: 20462: 20459: 20457: 20454: 20452: 20449: 20445: 20440: 20437: 20435: 20432: 20430: 20427: 20425: 20422: 20421: 20419: 20417: 20413: 20408: 20396: 20391: 20388: 20384: 20379: 20378:Liechtenstein 20376: 20372: 20367: 20364: 20363: 20361: 20359: 20355: 20351: 20343: 20338: 20336: 20331: 20329: 20324: 20323: 20320: 20309: 20305: 20298: 20293: 20283: 20280: 20278: 20275: 20273: 20270: 20268: 20265: 20263: 20260: 20258: 20255: 20253: 20250: 20248: 20245: 20243: 20240: 20238: 20235: 20233: 20230: 20228: 20225: 20223: 20220: 20218: 20215: 20213: 20210: 20208: 20205: 20203: 20200: 20198: 20195: 20193: 20190: 20188: 20185: 20183: 20180: 20178: 20175: 20173: 20170: 20168: 20165: 20163: 20160: 20158: 20155: 20153: 20150: 20149: 20146: 20142: 20138: 20137:Member states 20131: 20126: 20124: 20119: 20117: 20112: 20111: 20108: 20096: 20093: 20091: 20088: 20086: 20083: 20081: 20078: 20076: 20073: 20071: 20068: 20066: 20063: 20061: 20060:Levantine Sea 20058: 20056: 20053: 20051: 20048: 20046: 20043: 20041: 20038: 20036: 20033: 20032: 20030: 20028: 20027:Marginal seas 20024: 20015: 20011: 20008: 20003: 20000: 19996: 19991: 19988: 19987: 19985: 19982: 19978: 19972: 19969: 19967: 19964: 19963: 19961: 19959: 19955: 19949: 19946: 19944: 19941: 19939: 19936: 19934: 19931: 19929: 19926: 19924: 19921: 19919: 19916: 19914: 19911: 19909: 19906: 19904: 19901: 19899: 19896: 19894: 19891: 19889: 19886: 19884: 19881: 19879: 19876: 19874: 19871: 19869: 19866: 19864: 19861: 19859: 19856: 19854: 19851: 19849: 19846: 19845: 19843: 19841: 19837: 19833: 19825: 19820: 19818: 19813: 19811: 19806: 19805: 19802: 19790: 19789: 19788:Europe portal 19784: 19780: 19778: 19777: 19768: 19767: 19762: 19758: 19755: 19752: 19749: 19746: 19745: 19741: 19730: 19726: 19722: 19719: 19717: 19714: 19712: 19709: 19707: 19704: 19703: 19701: 19697: 19690: 19686: 19682: 19679: 19678: 19676: 19672: 19665: 19661: 19657: 19654: 19653: 19651: 19647: 19644: 19637:Special areas 19634: 19620: 19617: 19615: 19612: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19598: 19595: 19594: 19593: 19590: 19589: 19587: 19585: 19581: 19574: 19570: 19567: 19564: 19561: 19560: 19557: 19554: 19550: 19542: 19539: 19538: 19537: 19536:Faroe Islands 19534: 19533: 19531: 19527: 19524: 19521: 19514: 19508: 19505: 19503: 19502:South Ossetia 19500: 19498: 19495: 19493: 19490: 19488: 19485: 19484: 19482: 19479: 19472: 19467: 19457: 19454: 19452: 19449: 19447: 19444: 19442: 19439: 19437: 19434: 19432: 19429: 19427: 19424: 19422: 19419: 19417: 19414: 19412: 19409: 19407: 19404: 19402: 19399: 19397: 19394: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19382: 19379: 19377: 19374: 19372: 19369: 19367: 19364: 19362: 19359: 19357: 19354: 19352: 19349: 19347: 19344: 19342: 19339: 19337: 19336:Liechtenstein 19334: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19317: 19314: 19312: 19309: 19307: 19304: 19302: 19299: 19297: 19294: 19292: 19289: 19287: 19284: 19282: 19279: 19277: 19274: 19272: 19269: 19267: 19264: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19244: 19242: 19239: 19237: 19234: 19232: 19229: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19212: 19209: 19208: 19206: 19204: 19200: 19196: 19192: 19185: 19180: 19178: 19173: 19171: 19166: 19165: 19162: 19150: 19147: 19145: 19142: 19141: 19136: 19132: 19129: 19125: 19124: 19120: 19110: 19109: 19105: 19103: 19100: 19097: 19095: 19092: 19090: 19087: 19086: 19084: 19082: 19078: 19072: 19069: 19067: 19064: 19062: 19059: 19057: 19054: 19052: 19049: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19039: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19027: 19024: 19022: 19019: 19015: 19012: 19010: 19007: 19006: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18987: 18984: 18982: 18979: 18978: 18976: 18974: 18970: 18964: 18961: 18959: 18956: 18954: 18951: 18949: 18946: 18944: 18941: 18939: 18936: 18934: 18931: 18929: 18926: 18924: 18921: 18919: 18916: 18914: 18911: 18909: 18906: 18904: 18901: 18899: 18896: 18894: 18891: 18889: 18886: 18884: 18881: 18879: 18876: 18874: 18871: 18870: 18867: 18864: 18862: 18858: 18848: 18845: 18843: 18840: 18838: 18835: 18833: 18830: 18828: 18825: 18823: 18820: 18818: 18815: 18813: 18810: 18808: 18805: 18803: 18800: 18798: 18795: 18793: 18790: 18788: 18785: 18781: 18780:median income 18778: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18767: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18753: 18751: 18748: 18747: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18735: 18725: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18703: 18700: 18698: 18695: 18694: 18693: 18690: 18688: 18685: 18683: 18680: 18676: 18673: 18672: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18650:Head of State 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18632: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18620: 18610: 18607: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18599: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18571: 18568: 18567: 18566: 18563: 18561: 18558: 18556: 18553: 18551: 18548: 18546: 18545: 18541: 18539: 18536: 18534: 18531: 18529: 18526: 18523: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18510: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18498: 18488: 18485: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18450: 18449: 18447: 18443: 18435: 18432: 18431: 18430: 18427: 18425: 18422: 18420: 18417: 18415: 18412: 18410: 18407: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18394:Enlightenment 18392: 18390: 18387: 18385: 18382: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18356: 18354: 18352: 18348: 18345: 18343: 18339: 18335: 18331: 18324: 18319: 18317: 18312: 18310: 18305: 18304: 18301: 18295: 18288: 18282: 18279: 18278: 18274: 18273: 18270: 18269:OpenStreetMap 18266: 18257: 18255: 18247: 18246: 18242: 18241: 18238: 18235: 18234: 18230: 18229: 18226: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18195: 18192: 18189: 18185: 18184: 18179: 18176: 18175: 18166: 18165: 18161: 18158: 18155: 18151: 18148: 18144: 18143:Carr, Raymond 18141: 18140: 18130: 18128:9781407315195 18124: 18120: 18119: 18113: 18109: 18107:9788496606289 18103: 18099: 18098: 18092: 18077: 18073: 18069: 18063: 18059: 18054: 18053: 18032: 18028: 18024: 18018: 18009: 18002: 17996: 17980: 17976: 17970: 17954: 17950: 17944: 17928: 17924: 17920: 17916: 17912: 17905: 17889: 17885: 17881: 17877: 17873: 17866: 17850: 17846: 17842: 17835: 17819: 17815: 17811: 17804: 17802: 17785: 17781: 17775: 17759: 17755: 17749: 17742: 17737: 17729: 17723: 17719: 17715: 17708: 17700: 17694: 17690: 17686: 17679: 17663: 17659: 17655: 17649: 17641: 17629: 17625: 17624: 17619: 17612: 17603: 17602: 17596: 17589: 17582: 17577: 17558: 17554: 17550: 17546: 17542: 17535: 17528: 17521: 17516: 17509: 17504: 17488: 17484: 17477: 17470: 17465: 17459:, p. 67. 17458: 17453: 17434: 17427: 17426: 17418: 17399: 17395: 17391: 17387: 17380: 17373: 17366: 17361: 17345: 17341: 17339:9783039110414 17335: 17331: 17327: 17326: 17318: 17312:, p. 61. 17311: 17306: 17298: 17294: 17290: 17286: 17279: 17260: 17256: 17249: 17242: 17226: 17222: 17218: 17214: 17213:Editorial UCA 17210: 17206: 17199: 17184: 17180: 17176: 17172: 17168: 17164: 17160: 17157:(30): 26–28, 17156: 17152: 17148: 17141: 17135:, p. 21. 17134: 17129: 17123:, p. 24. 17122: 17117: 17109: 17103: 17099: 17095: 17088: 17072: 17068: 17064: 17060: 17056: 17052: 17048: 17041: 17033: 17031:0-521-80618-6 17027: 17023: 17019: 17012: 16996: 16992: 16986: 16970: 16966: 16960: 16952: 16950:9780230592643 16946: 16942: 16935: 16919: 16915: 16909: 16893: 16889: 16885: 16879: 16863: 16859: 16853: 16837: 16833: 16827: 16816: 16812: 16805: 16799: 16791: 16787: 16783: 16777: 16770: 16755: 16751: 16744: 16742: 16734: 16730: 16727: 16721: 16714: 16710: 16707: 16702: 16695: 16691: 16688: 16683: 16676: 16672: 16669: 16664: 16657: 16653: 16648: 16632: 16628: 16622: 16616: 16615:92-4-156198-X 16612: 16605: 16586: 16579: 16573: 16557: 16553: 16549: 16543: 16527: 16523: 16517: 16501: 16497: 16491: 16475: 16471: 16465: 16449: 16445: 16439: 16432: 16428: 16425: 16424: 16418: 16411: 16407: 16404: 16403: 16397: 16390: 16386: 16383: 16382: 16376: 16357: 16353: 16351:9788416533015 16347: 16343: 16339: 16335: 16328: 16321: 16305: 16301: 16295: 16288: 16283: 16275: 16271: 16267: 16265:9783110365955 16261: 16257: 16253: 16249: 16245: 16241: 16234: 16227: 16222: 16206: 16202: 16196: 16192: 16189:. Frankfurt: 16188: 16184: 16177: 16158: 16154: 16147: 16140: 16133: 16129: 16126: 16121: 16119: 16111: 16107: 16104: 16099: 16092: 16088: 16085: 16080: 16064: 16060: 16054: 16038: 16034: 16030: 16024: 16008: 16004: 16000: 15993: 15986: 15982: 15979: 15974: 15955: 15948: 15942: 15926: 15922: 15918: 15903: 15899: 15884: 15880: 15879:Business Week 15876: 15858: 15851: 15845: 15838: 15832: 15825: 15821: 15818: 15813: 15798: 15794: 15790: 15784: 15769: 15765: 15761: 15755: 15739: 15735: 15729: 15722: 15718: 15714: 15711: 15705: 15689: 15685: 15679: 15664: 15660: 15659: 15654: 15648: 15633: 15629: 15628: 15624: 15619: 15612: 15596: 15590: 15583: 15582:0-7546-0145-5 15579: 15575: 15569: 15553: 15547: 15531: 15527: 15521: 15505: 15501: 15497: 15491: 15472: 15468: 15464: 15460: 15453: 15446: 15430: 15426: 15424: 15416: 15414: 15397: 15393: 15387: 15371: 15367: 15361: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15331: 15327: 15323: 15316: 15308: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15280: 15276: 15272: 15265: 15249: 15245: 15239: 15235: 15231: 15227: 15226: 15218: 15202: 15198: 15192: 15186: 15182: 15178: 15173: 15157: 15153: 15147: 15131: 15127: 15123: 15117: 15101: 15097: 15091: 15075: 15071: 15067: 15060: 15044: 15040: 15034: 15018: 15014: 15008: 14992: 14988: 14987: 14982: 14978: 14972: 14956: 14952: 14951: 14946: 14939: 14923: 14919: 14913: 14897: 14893: 14889: 14883: 14864: 14860: 14859:Bank of Spain 14853: 14847: 14831: 14827: 14821: 14806: 14802: 14796: 14788: 14784: 14778: 14776: 14759: 14755: 14754:The Economist 14751: 14745: 14737: 14733: 14729: 14723: 14707: 14703: 14702:The Economist 14699: 14698:"A good bet?" 14693: 14674: 14667: 14661: 14654: 14648: 14641: 14637: 14633: 14630: 14624: 14617:. SUNY Press. 14616: 14609: 14601: 14595: 14580: 14576: 14570: 14551: 14544: 14538: 14522: 14518: 14512: 14496: 14492: 14486: 14478: 14474: 14470: 14464: 14448: 14444: 14440: 14433: 14417: 14413: 14407: 14400: 14396: 14393: 14388: 14381: 14376: 14365: 14359: 14343: 14339: 14338: 14333: 14326: 14310: 14306: 14302: 14296: 14280: 14276: 14275: 14274:La Vanguardia 14270: 14264: 14258:, Article 62. 14257: 14252: 14245: 14240: 14229: 14225: 14221: 14217: 14210: 14203: 14196: 14195: 14191: 14187: 14184: 14179: 14168: 14161: 14160: 14153: 14137: 14133: 14127: 14112:on 3 May 2011 14108: 14101: 14095: 14080:on 3 May 2011 14076: 14069: 14063: 14056: 14050: 14043: 14038: 14022: 14018: 14012: 13996: 13990: 13974: 13970: 13964: 13945: 13938: 13937:"BOCAe32.QXD" 13932: 13916: 13912: 13906: 13887: 13880: 13874: 13855: 13848: 13833: 13829: 13828:The Economist 13825: 13810: 13806: 13791: 13787: 13781: 13774: 13769: 13762: 13757: 13741: 13735: 13719: 13713: 13697: 13691: 13675: 13669: 13653: 13647: 13631: 13625: 13609: 13603: 13587: 13581: 13565: 13559: 13543: 13537: 13521: 13515: 13499: 13493: 13477: 13471: 13455: 13449: 13433: 13427: 13411: 13405: 13389: 13383: 13367: 13361: 13345: 13339: 13323: 13317: 13301: 13295: 13279: 13273: 13257: 13251: 13235: 13229: 13213: 13207: 13191: 13185: 13169: 13163: 13147: 13141: 13125: 13119: 13103: 13097: 13081: 13075: 13059: 13053: 13037: 13031: 13015: 13009: 12993: 12987: 12971: 12965: 12949: 12943: 12927: 12921: 12905: 12899: 12883: 12877: 12861: 12855: 12839: 12833: 12817: 12811: 12795: 12788: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12768: 12764: 12760: 12756: 12749: 12747: 12738: 12731: 12715: 12714: 12706: 12695: 12688: 12687: 12679: 12671: 12664: 12656: 12650: 12643: 12642: 12634: 12626: 12619: 12603: 12599: 12595: 12591: 12587: 12583: 12579: 12575: 12568: 12552: 12546: 12530: 12524: 12508: 12502: 12486: 12480: 12464: 12458: 12442: 12438: 12432: 12428: 12427: 12419: 12403: 12397: 12381: 12375: 12373: 12371: 12354: 12348: 12346: 12329: 12323: 12315: 12309: 12302: 12297: 12290: 12286: 12283: 12278: 12272: 12268: 12265:John Hooper, 12262: 12246: 12242: 12238: 12231: 12215: 12211: 12207: 12201: 12193: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12175: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12157: 12153: 12149: 12145: 12141: 12134: 12118: 12114: 12110: 12104: 12088: 12084: 12080: 12074: 12058: 12054: 12050: 12043: 12024: 12020: 12019: 12011: 12005: 11986: 11979: 11973: 11966: 11962: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11947: 11941: 11935: 11930: 11924: 11919: 11913: 11908: 11892: 11888: 11884: 11880: 11876: 11869: 11853: 11849: 11845: 11838: 11830: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11812: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11779: 11763: 11759: 11755: 11749: 11733: 11729: 11725: 11718: 11702: 11698: 11694: 11687: 11671: 11667: 11663: 11657: 11641: 11637: 11631: 11615: 11611: 11605: 11597: 11593: 11592: 11587: 11580: 11572: 11568: 11567: 11562: 11555: 11539: 11535: 11531: 11525: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11494: 11478: 11474: 11473:The Economist 11470: 11464: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11434: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11403: 11387: 11383: 11379: 11373: 11357: 11353: 11349: 11342: 11326: 11322: 11321:The Economist 11318: 11312: 11296: 11292: 11285: 11269: 11265: 11250: 11246: 11240: 11224: 11220: 11219:The Economist 11216: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11186: 11170: 11166: 11162: 11156: 11148: 11144: 11138: 11122: 11118: 11117:La Vanguardia 11114: 11108: 11100: 11096: 11090: 11082: 11078: 11074: 11067: 11059: 11055: 11051: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11033: 11029: 11025: 11021: 11014: 10998: 10994: 10990: 10984: 10977: 10972: 10964: 10962:0-8047-0845-2 10958: 10954: 10950: 10946: 10939: 10931: 10927: 10921: 10905: 10901: 10899:84-370-5672-1 10895: 10891: 10887: 10883: 10876: 10869: 10857: 10853: 10852: 10844: 10835: 10829: 10825: 10821: 10820: 10812: 10803: 10794: 10787: 10781: 10774: 10769: 10750: 10746: 10740: 10736: 10729: 10725: 10719: 10711: 10709:9780415138130 10705: 10701: 10697: 10690: 10674: 10670: 10663: 10655: 10653:9780521845137 10649: 10645: 10641: 10634: 10626: 10622: 10618: 10614: 10610: 10606: 10599: 10583: 10579: 10572: 10556: 10552: 10545: 10529: 10525: 10519: 10511: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10491: 10475: 10471: 10464: 10448: 10444: 10442:90-04-09760-0 10438: 10434: 10433: 10426: 10410: 10406: 10400: 10384: 10380: 10373: 10357: 10353: 10347: 10331: 10327: 10326:New Scientist 10323: 10317: 10301: 10297: 10293: 10289: 10287:9789004443594 10283: 10279: 10275: 10271: 10267: 10263: 10256: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10228: 10224: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10204: 10197: 10181: 10177: 10175:9783110267303 10171: 10167: 10166: 10158: 10142: 10138: 10134: 10127: 10111: 10107: 10100: 10093: 10089: 10086: 10081: 10065: 10061: 10054: 10035: 10031: 10024: 10017: 10001: 9997: 9990: 9988: 9971: 9967: 9960: 9958: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9918: 9911: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9851: 9844: 9840: 9834: 9818: 9814: 9808: 9800: 9795: 9794: 9785: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9755: 9747: 9746: 9740: 9739:"Spain" 9732: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9709: 9703: 9699: 9693: 9685: 9681: 9674: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9651: 9644: 9639: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9617: 9611: 9607: 9604: 9597: 9589: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9570: 9555: 9551: 9545: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9515: 9499: 9492: 9486: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9457: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9405: 9401: 9395: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9365: 9346: 9342: 9335: 9329: 9322: 9318: 9313: 9305: 9299: 9283: 9279: 9273: 9262: 9258: 9256: 9248: 9244: 9238: 9234: 9218: 9215: 9211: 9208:Exercise the 9207: 9204: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9178: 9175: 9172: 9169: 9165: 9162: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9135:civil service 9132: 9128: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9103: 9099: 9096: 9095:Supreme Court 9092: 9089: 9085: 9082: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9063: 9060: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9000: 8994:respectively. 8992: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8950: 8943: 8939: 8938:Juan Carlos I 8933: 8926: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8910: 8909:queen regnant 8906: 8900: 8891: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8870: 8863: 8859: 8858: 8851: 8844: 8838: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8799: 8790: 8784: 8779: 8773: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8738: 8732: 8725: 8719: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8670: 8663: 8657: 8648: 8640: 8636: 8633: 8630: 8622: 8618: 8615: 8612: 8604: 8600: 8597: 8594: 8586: 8582: 8579: 8576: 8568: 8564: 8561: 8558: 8550: 8546: 8543: 8540: 8532: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8521: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8499: 8497: 8492: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8458:Europe portal 8448: 8445: 8434: 8425: 8420: 8416: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8402: 8398: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8381: 8379: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8362: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8324: 8322: 8318: 8317:Basque pelota 8314: 8310: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8287:and, lately, 8286: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8195: 8177: 8176:Jamón ibérico 8171: 8162: 8158: 8152: 8143: 8141: 8140: 8139:polbo á feira 8135: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8122: 8117: 8116: 8111: 8110: 8109:caldo gallego 8105: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8083: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8059: 8058: 8053: 8051: 8050: 8045: 8044: 8039: 8038: 8033: 8029: 8028: 8027:Mediterranean 8023: 8021: 8020:Mediterranean 8014: 8004: 8002: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7976: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7925:Ricardo Viñes 7922: 7918: 7917:Alfredo Kraus 7914: 7910: 7906: 7905:José Carreras 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7889:Isaac Albéniz 7885: 7883: 7879: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7858: 7848: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7801: 7799: 7798:Mudéjar style 7795: 7791: 7787: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7751: 7747: 7740: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7710: 7709:San Sebastián 7705: 7701: 7696: 7695: 7690: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7676: 7674: 7673: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7638: 7637:Penélope Cruz 7634: 7630: 7625: 7615: 7613: 7612:Pablo Serrano 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7580:Pedro de Mena 7576: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7524: 7523:San Sebastián 7520: 7516: 7512: 7503: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7492:Salvador Dalí 7489: 7488:Pablo Picasso 7485: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7460: 7459: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7432: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7396: 7391: 7390: 7384: 7379: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7314: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7287: 7282: 7281: 7276: 7272: 7267: 7265: 7260: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7245:Enlightenment 7243:. During the 7242: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7221: 7217:. The famous 7216: 7215: 7210: 7209: 7204: 7198: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7187: 7182: 7181: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7169: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7120: 7116: 7114: 7113: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7031:Monte Perdido 7028: 7025:Spain has 49 7022: 7018: 7012: 7004: 7000: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6973: 6969: 6964: 6954: 6951: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6915: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6885: 6869: 6847: 6839: 6837: 6828: 6818: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6802: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6753: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6735: 6731: 6726: 6716: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6634:Astur-Leonese 6631: 6627: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6597: 6593: 6588: 6578: 6574: 6572: 6566: 6564: 6559: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6529: 6520: 6515: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6068: 6051: 6046: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6020: 6018: 6013: 6009: 6004: 6002: 5997: 5981: 5980: 5970: 5965: 5959: 5946: 5945:Golden Banana 5942: 5935: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5913:AVE Class 103 5907: 5902: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5823:electric cars 5820: 5816: 5812: 5811:Mediterranean 5808: 5807:San Sebastián 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5760: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5692:hydroelectric 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5641: 5639: 5638:rural tourism 5635: 5631: 5627: 5625: 5621: 5613: 5609: 5604: 5594: 5591: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5499: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5458:mixed economy 5452: 5448: 5444: 5443:Torre Glòries 5440: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5402:) House. The 5401: 5397: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5366: 5363:According to 5361: 5359: 5353: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5330: 5327: 5322: 5320: 5316: 5315:Defence Staff 5313:(JEMAD). The 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5291: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5277: 5275: 5269: 5267: 5261: 5254: 5253: 5252:Juan Carlos I 5249: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5167: 5165: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5146: 5143: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5022: 5021:Policía Foral 5017: 5016: 5011: 5010: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4974:nationalities 4971: 4967: 4962: 4960: 4959:nationalities 4955: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4936:decentralised 4933: 4932:unitary state 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4915: 4914:nationalities 4906: 4905: 4897: 4896: 4888: 4887: 4877: 4876: 4868: 4867: 4857: 4856: 4848: 4841: 4834: 4833: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4779: 4778: 4770: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4696: 4692: 4682: 4680: 4675: 4671: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4659:civil service 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4615: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4553: 4552: 4547:vests in the 4546: 4540: 4535: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4486: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4460:Juan Carlos I 4457: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4443:, which is a 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4409:inviolability 4405: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4374:public policy 4371: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4316:head of state 4313: 4309: 4308:king or queen 4305: 4301: 4297: 4294:between five 4293: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4274: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4232:convened the 4231: 4227: 4226:Adolfo Suárez 4223: 4219: 4209: 4204: 4203:Pedro Sánchez 4198: 4190: 4189:King of Spain 4185: 4179: 4169: 4163: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4082: 4078: 4076: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024:Sierra Nevada 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3905: 3902:and northern 3901: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3832:map of Spain. 3831: 3827: 3822: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3734:Sierra Nevada 3732:, located in 3731: 3727: 3723: 3722:Sierra Morena 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3639:Fuerteventura 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3602:in the River 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3405: 3400: 3390: 3388: 3387:Salvador Illa 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3347:Pedro Sánchez 3344: 3340: 3332: 3328: 3327:Salvador Illa 3324: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3288:Mariano Rajoy 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3256: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3200:In 2002, the 3198: 3196: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3120: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3068:head of state 3065: 3064:King of Spain 3061: 3056: 3054: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2905: 2900: 2896: 2895:also ensued. 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2881:Fascist Italy 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2765: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2742: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2697:, as well as 2696: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2641: 2637: 2636:(1875–1931). 2635: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2570:and demanded 2569: 2565: 2564: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2442: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2392: 2390: 2389:Enlightenment 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2352:. During the 2351: 2347: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2217:Franche-Comté 2214: 2213:Low Countries 2210: 2201: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2136:were expelled 2135: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2098: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1885: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1854: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1756: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1730: 1726: 1725:Roman Theatre 1721: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1699:Carthaginians 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1648:Altamira cave 1644: 1642: 1638: 1629: 1624: 1613: 1603: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1510:) comes from 1509: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1444:head of state 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1413:Hispanophones 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1352: 1351:economic boom 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1135:Bay of Biscay 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1050:ISO 3166 code 1047: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1010: 1006: 1002: 996: 992: 988: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 959: 955: 951: 935: 929: 925: 910: 904: 900: 896: 887: 881: 877: 868: 862: 858: 852: 848: 844: 835: 829: 825: 816: 810: 806: 802: 796: 792: 788: 784: 778: 774: 765: 759: 756: 752: 748: 742: 738: 734: 728: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 702: 699:19 March 1812 698: 695: 689: 685: 682: 676: 673:14 March 1516 672: 669: 663: 659: 656: 650: 646: 643: 639: 636: 633: 630: 624: 621: 618: 615: 609: 604: 599: 595: 591: 588: 585: 582: 576: 573: 570: 567: 561: 558: 557:Pedro Sánchez 555: 552: 546: 543: 540: 537: 531: 527: 524: 521:Unitary 520: 518: 514: 507: 504: 503: 501: 499: 495: 488: 486: 482: 480: 476: 474: 470: 468: 464: 457: 453: 451: 447: 446: 445: 444: 442: 438: 437: 435: 428: 424: 418: 414: 412: 408: 407: 405: 398: 395: 392: 388: 383: 354: 351: 344: 339: 338: (green) 337: 331: 317: 307: 300: 264: 257: 256: 250: 246: 240: 235: 234: 229: 225: 219: 213: 205: 199: 191: 178: 174: 171: 167: 163: 159: 156: 152: 148: 144: 141: 137: 133: 129: 126: 122: 118: 114: 111: 107: 103: 99: 96: 92: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 73: 69:7 other names 60: 53: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 21116:OECD members 21018: 20971:EU relations 20899: 20630:Institutions 20555: 20395:EU relations 20383:EU relations 20371:EU relations 20276: 20090:Thracian Sea 20075:Sea of Crete 20070:Ligurian Sea 20050:Balearic Sea 20035:Adriatic Sea 19981:Dependencies 19932: 19786: 19774: 19507:Transnistria 19456:Vatican City 19425: 19107: 19094:Coat of arms 18991:Bullfighting 18981:Architecture 18948:Prostitution 18908:Homelessness 18883:Demographics 18837:Trade unions 18775:unemployment 18760:Car industry 18692:Human rights 18640:Constitution 18596: 18542: 18522:ranked lists 18434:1975–present 18329: 18197: 18181: 18162: 18153: 18146: 18117: 18096: 18083:. 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OECD. 14632:Archived 14521:Archived 14495:Archived 14477:Archived 14447:Archived 14416:Archived 14395:Archived 14342:Archived 14309:Archived 14279:Archived 14228:Archived 14186:Archived 14167:archived 14021:Archived 14001:16 April 13921:30 April 13854:Archived 13838:9 August 13832:Archived 13809:Archived 13790:Archived 13746:11 April 13724:11 April 13702:11 April 13680:15 April 13658:11 April 13636:11 April 13614:11 April 13592:11 April 13570:11 April 13548:11 April 13526:11 April 13504:11 April 13482:15 April 13460:15 April 13438:15 April 13416:15 April 13394:15 April 13372:15 April 13350:15 April 13328:15 April 13306:15 April 13284:15 April 13262:15 April 13240:15 April 13218:15 April 13196:15 April 13174:15 April 13152:15 April 13130:15 April 13108:15 April 13086:15 April 13064:15 April 13042:15 April 13020:15 April 12998:15 April 12976:15 April 12954:15 April 12932:15 April 12910:15 April 12888:15 April 12866:15 April 12844:15 April 12822:15 April 12720:15 April 12602:Archived 12557:15 April 12535:15 April 12513:15 April 12491:15 April 12469:15 April 12441:Archived 12408:15 April 12386:15 April 12359:15 April 12334:11 April 12285:Archived 12269:, 2001, 12214:Archived 12192:33293507 12117:Archived 12087:Archived 12057:Archived 12053:Euronews 12023:Archived 11994:30 April 11985:Archived 11949:Archived 11891:Archived 11858:19 March 11852:Archived 11829:34162598 11768:4 August 11762:Archived 11732:Archived 11701:Archived 11697:euronews 11670:Archived 11666:BBC News 11640:Archived 11614:Archived 11596:Archived 11571:Archived 11544:19 March 11538:Archived 11534:BBC News 11514:19 March 11508:Archived 11483:19 March 11477:Archived 11453:19 March 11447:Archived 11443:BBC News 11423:19 March 11417:Archived 11392:19 March 11386:Archived 11356:Archived 11331:19 March 11325:Archived 11295:Archived 11268:Archived 11249:Archived 11229:9 August 11223:Archived 11206:9 August 11200:Archived 11175:19 March 11169:Archived 11147:Archived 11121:Archived 11081:Archived 10997:Archived 10904:Archived 10856:Archived 10758:13 April 10749:Archived 10726:(2016). 10679:9 August 10673:Archived 10588:9 August 10582:Archived 10561:9 August 10555:Archived 10528:Archived 10498:(2003). 10480:9 August 10474:Archived 10447:Archived 10389:9 August 10383:Archived 10356:Archived 10330:Archived 10306:13 April 10300:Archived 10239:Archived 10180:Archived 10147:13 April 10141:Archived 10116:9 August 10110:Archived 10088:Archived 10070:9 August 10064:Archived 10034:Archived 10006:9 August 10000:Archived 9976:9 August 9970:Archived 9940:Archived 9894:22700921 9837:Typical 9823:9 August 9817:Archived 9768:Archived 9684:Archived 9665:Archived 9606:Archived 9588:20078638 9534:17 March 9528:Archived 9504:13 March 9470:Eurostat 9446:16 April 9378:Archived 9376:(OECD). 9354:14 April 9345:Archived 9288:26 April 9261:Archived 9257:núm. 244 9177:treaties 9081:election 9077:proclaim 9073:dissolve 9047:Sanction 8860:(sing., 8707:Asturian 8687:Galician 8673:In some 8599:Galician 8545:Asturian 8430:See also 8405:Valencia 8393:Valencia 8374:encierro 8370:Pamplona 8277:handball 8237:won the 8223:football 8215:Football 8130:albacore 8092:Asturian 8087:Atlantic 8037:gazpacho 8000:gaiteros 7971:and the 7955:. 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