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Harding was very conscious of the need to establish a cadre of young
Jordanian archaeologists to succeed him, and over a long period pestered first the Mandate and then the independent Jordanian government to provide funds for Jordanian students to study abroad because, at that time, there were no
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who was also a superb archaeologist, Harding revitalised the
Department of Antiquities and set about exploring, photographing, and cataloguing the sites and antiquities of Jordan. His photographs and meticulous records still are held by the department and record much that has since disappeared. As
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One is of a Man named Gerald
Lankester Harding, whom I knew when I was stationed in Beirut. He was formerly Curator of Antiquities in Jerusalem at which time he was instrumental in bringing the Dead Sea Scrolls into view of the public: an old Bedouin led him to the cave containing the scrolls.
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from a report in an archaeological journal. As they were found in his jurisdiction, he immediately set out to rescue as many of them as possible and to discover their archaeological context in order to preserve the important information they might yield. In his capacity as acting curator of the
200:, North China in 1901, but spent his childhood from age two to 13 in Singapore. He returned to the UK with his parents in 1913, but his father was killed in World War I, and Harding earned his living in a number of jobs from the ages of 16 to 25. During this time, he became fascinated by
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Harding died in London, where he had been sent for medical treatment. However, as a mark of respect for the service he had given to the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, his ashes were returned to Jordan and by permission of the authorities were buried overlooking the archaeological site at
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In the late 1940s, Harding had become interested in the
Ancient North Arabian inscriptions of which there are many thousands in Jordan. After 1956, he devoted his considerable energies to publishing several thousands of them. In 1971, he produced
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319:, University of London, but the student, having finished his course, took a job in the UK, and after this the governments in Jordan were unwilling to pay for others to study archaeology abroad.
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In 1948, Harding and de Vaux finally learned the location of the cave from which the scrolls had come, and together they excavated it. Subsequently, they investigated the settlement site of
373:, an overview of the many and varied archaeological sites of Jordan, which includes a chapter on Qumran, and which remained the most popular guidebook to Jordan for several decades.
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in
Jerusalem, he negotiated access to the scrolls and their point of origin, and he organized funding to purchase them from the Bedouin who originally found them. With Père
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were discovered and brought to public awareness. Without his efforts many of the scrolls might have disappeared into private collections never to be seen again.
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Anyway, Gerald was the physical model in my mind when I created the character of Father Merrin , whose first name, please note, is
Lankester.
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331:(now the Rockefeller Museum) in Jerusalem, he used that institution to aid in the search for the origin of the scrolls. Working with the
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A full bibliography of
Harding's works, prepared by Michael Macdonald, is published as "A Bibliography of Gerald Lankester Harding" in
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in later years. He also taught himself written Arabic. Harding and the other 'pups' worked with Petrie at Tell Jemmeh,
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The same year, Harding was asked by the
British government to conduct the first major archaeological survey in the
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between 1926 and 1931, but in 1932 they began a major excavation of their own, under
Starkey's direction, at
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well as conducting a large number of excavations and surveys, he drew up a set of archaeological maps of
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Sparks, Rachael Thyrza. 2019. Digging with Petrie: Gerald Lankester Harding at Tell Jemmeh, 1926–1927.
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Drower, Margaret S. 1985. "Flinders Petrie: A Life in Archaeology" (London: Victor Gollancz, 1985)
366:(Glubb Pasha) and all the remaining British officials were dismissed by the Jordanian government.
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592:"Dead Sea Scrolls | Cast of Characters | the Dead Sea Scrolls and Why They Mattter"
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Bennet, C.M. "G. Lankester Harding: An Appreciation", The Jordan Times 15 February 1979, p. 3
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universities in Jordan. He managed to achieve funding for one student to go to the
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and eventually joined the evening classes run by the distinguished Egyptologist Dr
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Archaeologist, Chief Inspector of Antiquities (British Mandate of Palestine)
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An Index to the Concordance of Pre-Islamic Names and Inscriptions
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An Index and Concordance of Pre-Islamic Names and Inscriptions
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and spoke their dialect throughout his life despite living in
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from 1936 to 1956. His tenure spanned the period in which the
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The War of the Messiah/The Pierced Messiah Text (4Q285/11Q14)
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War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness (1QM)
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Macdonald, Michael "In Memoriam Gerald Lankester Harding"
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Winnett, Fred V. "Gerald Lankester Harding: 1901–1979"
510:(University of Toronto, Near and Middle East Series 9)
499:(University of Toronto, Near and Middle East Series 8)
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384:). This he did and published his results in his book
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The Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan
429:; Blatty had met Harding while stationed in Beirut.
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172:(8 December 1901 – 11 February 1979) was a British
711:Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan
515:Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan
475:Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan
396:collection of ancient South Arabian antiquities.
322:In 1948, Harding learned of the existence of the
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275:on pot sherds were found. With Olga Tufnell and
898:4QInstruction (4Q415–418, 4Q418a, 4Q423, 1Q26)
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415:Harding reportedly inspired the character of
286:as chief inspector of Antiquities to succeed
983:Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever
392:and to secure for it and catalog the famous
388:. He also helped to set up and organise the
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212:and apply to go on one of his excavations.
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953:The Book of Mysteries (1Q27 and 4Q299–301)
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93:
648:"'The Exorcist' source material, Undated"
454:1952 "Khirbet Qumran and Wady Muraba'at"
337:École biblique et archéologique française
290:. With the help of his Bedouin assistant
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
652:Georgetown University Archival Resources
32:This article includes a list of general
438:1949 "Recent work on the Jerash forum"
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718:Bulletin of the History of Archaeology
695:, "La Grotte des Manuscrits HĂ©breux",
282:In 1936, Harding was appointed by the
958:Community Rule (1QS, 4QS, 5Q11, 5Q13)
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731:VanderKam, James & Flint, Peter,
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481:1958 "Recent discoveries in Jordan"
386:Archaeology in the Aden Protectorate
333:American School of Oriental Research
18:
1589:20th-century British archaeologists
733:The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls
13:
706:(London: Lutterworth Press, 1959).
215:In 1926, Petrie was excavating at
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1476:Discoveries in the Judaean Desert
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307:, and in 1951 set up the journal
16:British archaeologist (1901–1979)
1599:British people in British Malaya
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433:Selected publications by Harding
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1045:The Seekers After Smooth Things
1035:Rule of the Congregation (1QSa)
1001:Nahum Commentary (4QpNah/4Q169)
973:Genesis Apocryphon (1QapGen ar)
686:(Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1956).
563:Allegro 1956, pp. 20–22, 32–34.
483:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
456:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
449:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
441:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
329:Palestine Archaeological Museum
311:, which still is in existence.
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350:and examined two tombs in the
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1055:Songs of the Sage (4Q510–511)
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451:81 (July–Oct. 1949): 112–116.
1594:British expatriates in China
988:Habakkuk Commentary (1QpHab)
923:11Q5 The Great Psalms Scroll
523:
492:(London: Lutterworth Press).
463:Four Tomb Groups from Jordan
458:84 (May–Oct. 1952): 104–109.
447:1949 "The Dead Sea Scrolls"
444:81 (Jan.–April 1949): 12–20.
176:who was the director of the
7:
1030:Rule of the Blessing (1QSb)
735:(HarperSanFrancisco, 2002)
720:, 29(1): 3, pp. 1–16.
702:Harding, Gerald Lankester,
369:In 1959, Harding published
362:occurred, he together with
10:
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1315:Florentino GarcĂa MartĂnez
485:90 (Jan.–Jun. 1958): 7–18.
472:1953 "The Cairn of Hani'"
467:Palestine Exploration Fund
284:British Mandate government
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1430:JosĂ© O'Callaghan MartĂnez
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943:Barkhi Nafshi (4Q434–438)
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704:The Antiquities of Jordan
622:TheNinthConfiguration.com
490:The Antiquities of Jordan
371:The Antiquities of Jordan
178:Department of Antiquities
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1325:Gerald Lankester Harding
1224:Teacher of Righteousness
1065:Thanksgiving Hymns (1QH)
504:Inscriptions from Fifty
317:Institute of Archaeology
167:Gerald Lankester Harding
87:Gerald Lankester Harding
1579:Scientists from Tianjin
502:1978 with F.V. Winnett
417:Father Lankester Merrin
380:Protectorate (southern
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53:more precise citations.
968:Damascus Document (CD)
747:Biblical Archaeologist
572:VanderKam 2002, p. 12.
421:William Peter Blatty's
202:Egyptian hieroglyphics
1310:Jean-Baptiste Humbert
1270:Sidnie White Crawford
1060:Temple Scroll (11Q19)
656:Georgetown University
301:Archaeological Museum
267:), where the famous "
1584:Writers from Tianjin
1455:Aramaic Enoch Scroll
1395:Carsten Peter Thiede
1260:Joseph M. Baumgarten
1006:New Jerusalem Scroll
993:Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa
963:Copper Scroll (3Q15)
893:4QDeuteronomy (4Q41)
684:The Dead Sea Scrolls
581:Allegro 1956, p. 35.
273:Palaeo-Hebrew script
229:James Leslie Starkey
196:Harding was born in
1375:Solomon H. Steckoll
1305:David Noel Freedman
1280:André Dupont-Sommer
938:11Q18 New Jerusalem
713:23 (1979): 198–200.
699:56 (1949), 586–609.
419:in American author
210:Sir Flinders Petrie
1460:Shrine of the Book
1360:Lawrence Schiffman
1255:John Marco Allegro
1020:Horoscopes (4Q186)
978:Genesis Commentary
948:The Book of Giants
554:Harding 1959, xiii
303:on the citadel in
271:", written in the
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1487:Muhammed edh-Dhib
1380:Hartmut Stegemann
1370:Patrick W. Skehan
1330:Yizhar Hirschfeld
1275:Frank Moore Cross
1234:Calendrical texts
933:11Q13 Melchizedek
903:4QMMT (4Q394–399)
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517:24 (1980): 8–12.
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324:Dead Sea Scrolls
288:George Horsfield
186:Dead Sea Scrolls
130:, United Kingdom
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120:11 February 1979
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1320:Norman Golb
1290:Hanan Eshel
1163:Ein Feshkha
928:11QpaleoLev
390:Aden Museum
360:Suez Crisis
217:Tell Jemmeh
147:Citizenship
59:August 2022
51:introducing
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674:References
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263:(Biblical
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1519:Biography
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628:30 August
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465:(London:
253:Tell Fara
225:Palestine
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996:,1QIsa)
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109:Tianjin
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36:, but
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