36:
1029:). Assimilation occurs when ㅣ is in front of (forward) or behind (backward) the syllable. In standard Korean, only a few words are allowed to assimilate, however, exceptions are often observed in some dialects and casual usage. I-forward-assimilation adds sound, but I-backward-assimilation causes vowel to umlaut.
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exists in many other languages but is often referred to by different names. However, in the
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20:
803:; by 900, its effects are consistently visible only in the spelling of Germanic
746:: it is particularly important in the history of the Germanic languages because
1287:
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took place separately in the various
Germanic languages from around 450 or 500
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1185:. Studien zu den Boǧazköy-Texten. Vol. 31. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
1157:
792:
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832:, meaning "process of changing sounds," which translates into German as
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1280:"Structured imbalances in the emergence of the Korean vowel system"
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is unstable and standard Korean allows to pronounce both and .
791:. It seems to have taken effect earliest and most completely in
758:
led to many vowel alternations that are still important in the
446:
401:
1183:
Untersuchung zur
Stammbildung des keilschrift-luwischen Nomens
1147:, in "Indogermanische Forschungen", 85, 1980, pp. 207-213.
1282:. In Salmons, Joseph C.; Dubenion-Smith, Shannon (eds.).
1415:
1009:, there are two types of I-mutation, or I-assimilation:
787:
area and affected all the early languages, except for
1208:"Genitive Case and Possessive Adjective in Anatolian"
624:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1215:Per Roberto Gusmani: Linguistica Storica e Teorica
1128:Early "Umlaut" Phenomena in the Germanic Languages
1444:
638:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
1363:The Korean Alphabet: Its History and Structure
1206:Melchert, Craig H. (2012). Orioles, V. (ed.).
19:For I-mutation in the Germanic languages, see
1278:Ahn, Sang-Cheol; Iverson, Gregory K. (2005).
592:
1158:"umlaut | Etymology of umlaut by etymonline"
1090:
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997:
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949:
944:. However, in early modern Korean, they are
843:
837:
742:The term is usually used by scholars of the
1391:Brown, Lucien; Yeon, Jaehoon, eds. (2015).
1322:
1247:"The Lydian nominal paradigm of i-mutation"
858:. A type of i-mutation is also observed in
1384:
1359:
1353:
1277:
1271:
1244:
599:
585:
1390:
1328:
1295:
1262:
1130:, in «Language», 56/1, 1980, pp. 126-136.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1205:
1427:Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
1445:
1329:Lee, Iksop; Ramsey, S. Robert (2000).
1180:
765:
628:. For the distinction between ,
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1360:Kim-Renaud, Young-Key, ed. (1997).
1059:Backward: (Western Korean dialect)
688:if the following syllable contains
13:
1394:The Handbook of Korean Linguistics
990:. However, in late modern Korean,
881:
810:
731:). It is a category of regressive
23:. For other uses of "umlaut", see
14:
1474:
34:
896:, I-backward-sequenced vowels (
620:International Phonetic Alphabet
181:Consonant voicing and devoicing
45:needs additional citations for
1238:
1221:
1199:
1174:
1150:
1133:
1116:
1:
1110:
822:, it is more commonly called
996:is diphthongized to . Also,
7:
1368:University of Hawaiʻi Press
1284:Historical Linguistics 2005
1098:
10:
1479:
1245:Sasseville, David (2017).
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
885:
769:
714:voiced palatal approximant
18:
1264:10.1163/22125892-00501002
1251:Indo-European Linguistics
1091:
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998:
992:
986:
984:with only one exception:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
799:. It took place later in
1227:Yakubovich, Ilya (2015)
1217:. Udine: Forum: 273–286.
902:) were diphthongs, i.e.
848:"sound"). Meanwhile, in
531:Compensatory lengthening
303:Compensatory lengthening
1233:Oxford Handbooks Online
1021:I-backward-assimilation
852:, it is referred to as
616:phonetic transcriptions
156:Quantitative metathesis
25:Umlaut (disambiguation)
1306:10.1075/cilt.284.21ahn
1181:Starke, Frank (1990).
1145:Alleged Gothic Umlauts
1011:I-forward-assimilation
844:
838:
613:This article contains
1229:"The Luwian Language"
1105:Old English phonology
748:inflectional suffixes
1370:. pp. 169–170.
1290:. pp. 275–293.
296:Transphonologization
54:improve this article
1397:. West Sussex, UK:
1332:The Korean Language
899:ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅒ, ㅖ, ㅚ, ㅟ, ㅢ
860:Anatolian languages
716:, sometimes called
176:Consonant gradation
1463:Germanic languages
1162:www.etymonline.com
766:Germanic languages
762:of the languages.
744:Germanic languages
561:Consonant mutation
536:Monophthongization
418:Consonant mutation
16:Vowel sound change
1141:Fausto Cercignani
1124:Fausto Cercignani
820:Romance languages
725:⟨y⟩
609:
608:
556:Shm-reduplication
546:Rhinoglottophilia
382:Consonant harmony
283:Cluster reduction
130:
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948:by umlaut, i.e.
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888:Korean phonology
850:Celtic languages
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1399:Wiley-Blackwell
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1297:10.1.1.557.3316
1286:. Madison, WI:
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1007:Korean language
946:monophthongized
890:
884:
882:Korean language
813:
811:Other languages
801:Old High German
774:
772:Germanic umlaut
768:
724:
720:, the sound of
668:) is a type of
648:(also known as
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605:
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468:
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387:
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363:Final devoicing
333:
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258:
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223:
206:
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201:Debuccalization
171:
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115:
109:
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63:
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39:
28:
21:Germanic umlaut
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1407:
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1376:
1352:
1346:978-0791448311
1345:
1339:. p. 66.
1335:. Albany, NY:
1321:
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1288:John Benjamins
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1057:
1039:(to bloom) →
886:Main article:
883:
880:
812:
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770:Main article:
767:
764:
654:front mutation
636:⟩, see
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348:Palatalization
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343:Coarticulation
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243:Vowel breaking
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1408:9781118370933
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1315:9789027247995
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1192:3-447-02879-3
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895:
894:Middle Korean
889:
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873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:
851:
846:
842:"about" with
840:
835:
831:
830:Ancient Greek
827:
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798:
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786:
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749:
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738:
737:vowel harmony
734:
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562:
559:
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551:Sulcalization
549:
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393:Dissimilation
391:
390:
383:
380:
377:
373:
372:vowel harmony
369:
366:
364:
361:
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358:Labialization
356:
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318:Floating tone
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110:December 2009
102:
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95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
1458:Vowel shifts
1431:. Retrieved
1429:. 2017-03-28
1417:
1393:
1386:
1366:. Honolulu:
1362:
1355:
1331:
1324:
1283:
1273:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1201:
1182:
1176:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:
1152:
1144:
1135:
1127:
1118:
1077:(mother) →
1020:
1010:
1004:
891:
862:, including
853:
833:
823:
815:
814:
776:
775:
741:
728:
717:
670:sound change
665:
662:i/j-mutation
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:
632:and ⟨
614:
428:Vowel hiatus
375:
353:Velarization
331:Assimilation
308:Nasalization
186:Assibilation
136:Sound change
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
69:"I-mutation"
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1423:"한국어 어문 규범"
1257:: 130–146.
793:Old English
682:front vowel
672:in which a
571:Chain shift
566:Vowel shift
486:Affrication
475:Other types
423:Tone sandhi
313:Tonogenesis
140:alternation
1453:Sound laws
1447:Categories
1433:2020-04-08
1337:SUNY Press
1167:2024-03-21
1111:References
1089:(meat) →
1065:(baby) →
1005:In modern
816:I-mutation
777:I-mutation
760:morphology
674:back vowel
666:i/j-umlaut
646:I-mutation
491:Gemination
452:Synaeresis
221:Epenthesis
149:Metathesis
80:newspapers
1292:CiteSeerX
1033:Forward:
855:affection
825:metaphony
797:Old Norse
785:North Sea
733:metaphony
541:Rhotacism
461:Synizesis
456:diaeresis
435:Synalepha
413:linking R
368:Metaphony
278:Haplology
263:Apheresis
238:Unpacking
228:Prothesis
212:Fortition
1099:See also
1051:(no) →
750:with an
658:i-umlaut
630:/ /
626:Help:IPA
516:Iotacism
511:Betacism
501:Fronting
496:Clipping
481:Apophony
233:Paragoge
169:Lenition
1026:ㅣ 역행 동화
1016:ㅣ 순행 동화
864:Hittite
783:in the
722:English
678:fronted
618:in the
506:Raising
442:Elision
409:Liaison
273:Apocope
268:Syncope
256:Elision
94:scholar
1405:
1374:
1343:
1312:
1294:
1189:
1019:) and
876:Lydian
872:Lycian
868:Luwian
834:umlaut
828:(from
789:Gothic
686:raised
650:umlaut
634:
526:Merger
521:Fusion
447:Crasis
402:Sandhi
376:umlaut
338:Fusion
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1211:(PDF)
735:, or
680:or a
622:(IPA)
101:JSTOR
87:books
1403:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1187:ISBN
1139:See
1122:See
874:and
845:laut
805:*/a/
795:and
454:and
138:and
73:news
1302:doi
1259:doi
1054:아니요
1048:아니오
892:In
756:/j/
754:or
752:/i/
729:yes
727:in
718:yod
712:(a
704:or
684:is
676:is
664:or
56:by
1449::
1425:.
1401:.
1308:.
1300:.
1253:.
1249:.
1231:.
1213:.
1160:.
1143:,
1126:,
1092:괴기
1086:고기
1083:,
1080:에미
1074:어미
1071:,
1068:애기
1062:아기
1045:,
1042:피여
1036:피어
978:,
972:,
966:,
960:,
954:,
938:,
932:,
926:,
920:,
914:,
908:,
878:.
870:,
866:,
839:um
836::
807:.
781:CE
739:.
700:iː
696:,
660:,
656:,
652:,
411:,
374:,
1436:.
1411:.
1380:.
1349:.
1318:.
1304::
1267:.
1261::
1255:5
1235:.
1195:.
1170:.
1023:(
1013:(
999:ㅚ
993:ㅟ
987:ㅢ
981:ㅟ
975:ㅚ
969:ㅖ
963:ㅒ
957:ㅔ
951:ㅐ
941:ㅢ
935:ㅟ
929:ㅚ
923:ㅖ
917:ㅒ
911:ㅔ
905:ㅐ
710:/
708:j
706:/
702:/
698:/
694:/
692:i
690:/
640:.
600:e
593:t
586:v
378:)
370:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
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