John of Gaunt - Knowledge

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Galician-Anglo-Portuguese troops, apart from time-wasting sieges of fortified towns, were reduced to foraging for food in the arid Spanish landscape. They were harried mainly by French mercenaries of the Castilian king. Many hundreds of English, including close friends and retainers of John of Gaunt, died of disease or exhaustion. Many deserted or abandoned the army to ride north under French safe conducts. Shortly after the army returned to Portugal, John of Gaunt concluded a secret treaty with John of Trastámara under which he and his wife renounced all claim to the Castilian throne in return for a large annual payment and the marriage of their daughter Catherine to John of Trastámara's son, Henry.

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dubious birth. At one point he was forced to take refuge across the Thames, while his Savoy Palace only just escaped looting. It was rumoured (and believed by many people in England and France) that he intended to seize the throne for himself and supplant the rightful heir, his nephew Richard, the son of the Black Prince, but there seems to have been no truth in this and on the death of Edward III and the accession of the child Richard II, John sought no position of regency for himself and withdrew to his estates.

1776: 673:, Gaunt's elder brother and heir-apparent to the ageing Edward III, became incapacitated owing to poor health, Gaunt assumed control of many government functions, and rose to become one of the most powerful political figures in England. He was faced with military difficulties abroad and political divisions at home, and disagreements as to how to deal with these crises led to tensions between Gaunt, the English Parliament, and the ruling class, making him an extremely unpopular figure for a time. 160: 1269:("except royal status")—was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. However as historian and author Nathen Amin points out there was no parliamentary ratification of this scribbled in amendment. Further testing and analysis on these three words is required to determine when exactly they were added. There is every possibility they were added as a later proviso during the height of the Wars of the Roses as a means to discredit any heirs of Margaret Beaufort. 5136: 5115: 4822: 4760: 4109: 4077: 4058: 3807: 2209: 7691: 8055: 1644:

called "Loncastel" and "Longcastell"), "walles white" is thought to likely be an oblique reference to Blanche, "Seynt Johan" was John of Gaunt's name-saint, and "ryche hil" is a reference to Richmond; these thinly veiled references reveal the identity of the grieving black knight of the poem as John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Earl of Richmond. "White" is the English translation of the French word "blanche", implying that the white lady was Blanche of Lancaster.

5882:"The xxv. day of October was the pluckynge downe of alle the alteres and chappelles in alle Powlles churche, with alle the toumes, at the commandment of the byshoppe then beynge Nicolas Rydley, and alle the goodly stoneworke that stode behynde the hye alter, and the place for the prest, dekyne, and subdekyne; and wolde a pullyd downe John a Gauntes tome but there was a commandment the contrary from the counsell, and soo yt was made alle playne as it aperes." 1362: 774: 43: 1963: 1661:, in turn, does not understand Chaucer's harsh words to her for she believes she has been kind to him, claims that he does not know what she has in store for him in the future, but most importantly, "And eek thou hast thy beste frend alyve" (32, 40, 48). Chaucer retorts that "My frend maystow nat reven, blind goddesse" (50) and orders her to take away those who merely pretend to be his friends. 1250:) John of Gaunt entered into an extra-marital love affair with Katherine Swynford (born de Roet), the daughter of an ordinary knight (Sir Paon de Roet), which would produce four children for the couple. All of them were born out of wedlock, but were legitimised upon their parents' eventual marriage. The adulterous relationship endured until 1381, when it was ended out of political necessity. 1182:, political opinion closely associated the Duke of Lancaster with the failing government of the 1370s. Furthermore, while King Edward and the Prince of Wales were popular heroes because of their successes on the battlefield, John of Gaunt had not won equivalent military renown that could have bolstered his reputation. Although he fought in the 1304:

The death of the Black Prince on 8 June 1376 and the onset of Edward III's last illness at the closing of Parliament on 10 July left John with all the reins of power. He immediately had the ailing king grant pardons to all the officials impeached by the Parliament; Alice Perrers too was reinstated at

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Partly as a result of these failures, and those of other English commanders at this period, John was one of the first important figures in England to conclude that the war with France was unwinnable because of France's greater resources of wealth and manpower. He began to advocate peace negotiations;

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at the ford of Blanchetaque against a French army led by Hugh de Châtillon, who was captured and sold to Edward III. By the middle of November, the survivors of the sickly army returned to Calais, where the Earl of Warwick died of the plague. Though it seemed an inglorious conclusion to the campaign,

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states three times in her response to the plaintiff, "And also, you still have your best friend alive" (32, 40, 48); she also references his "beste frend" in the envoy when appealing to his "noblesse" to help Chaucer to a higher estate. A fifth reference is made by "Chaucer as narrator" who rails at

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and received the submission of the Galician nobility and most of the towns of Galicia, though they made their homage to him conditional on his being recognised as king by the rest of Castile. While John of Gaunt had gambled on an early decisive battle, the Castilians were in no hurry to join battle,

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in English history—a viciously regressive measure that bore hardest on the poorest members of society. There was organised opposition to his measures and rioting in London; John of Gaunt's arms were reversed or defaced wherever they were displayed, and protestors pasted up lampoons on his supposedly

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of 1377. The first, called to grant massive war taxation to the Crown, turned into a parliamentary revolution, with the Commons (supported to some extent by the Lords) venting their grievances at decades of crippling taxation, misgovernment, and suspected endemic corruption among the ruling classes.

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and sailed for England, leaving John in charge. Though he attempted to defend the duchy against French encroachment for nearly a year, lack of resources and money meant he could do little but husband what small territory the English still controlled, and he resigned the command in September 1371 and

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For the remainder of his life, John of Gaunt occupied the role of valued counsellor of the king and loyal supporter of the Crown. He did not even protest, it seems, when his younger brother Thomas was murdered at Richard's behest. It may be that he felt he had to maintain this posture of loyalty to

1556:. Only four months after his return to England, in March 1390, Richard II formally invested Gaunt with the Duchy of Aquitaine, thus providing him with the overseas territory he had long desired. However, he did not immediately return to the province, but remained in England and mainly ruled through 1343:

of Scotland, but he was among those named by the rebels as a traitor to be beheaded as soon as he could be found. The Savoy Palace was systematically destroyed by the mob and burned to the ground. Nominally friendly lords and even his own fortresses closed their gates to him, and John was forced to

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as the narrator relates the tale of "A long castel with walles white/Be Seynt Johan, on a ryche hil" (1318–1319) who is mourning grievously after the death of his love, "And goode faire White she het/That was my lady name ryght" (948–949). The phrase "long castel" is a reference to Lancaster (also

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On his return from France in 1374, John took a more decisive and persistent role in the direction of English foreign policy. From then until 1377, he was effectively the head of the English government owing to the illness of his father and elder brother, who were unable to exercise authority. His

1478:, dated by the Castilian era and signed by himself with the Spanish formula "Yo El Rey" ("I, the King"). He hatched several schemes to make good his claim with an army, but for many years these were still-born owing to lack of finance or the conflicting claims of war in France or with Scotland. 1112:

that was raging in the city. Sick, demoralised and mutinous, the army was in no shape to defend Aquitaine, and soldiers began to desert. John had no funds with which to pay them, and despite his entreaties, none were sent from England, so in April 1374, he abandoned the enterprise and sailed for

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side of the shield (the left-hand side as viewed), and the differenced English royal arms on the sinister; but in 1388, when he surrendered his claim, he reversed this marshalling, placing his own arms on the dexter, and those of Castile and León on the sinister. He thus continued to signal his

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and other leaders of the reform movement, and secured their conviction on old or trumped-up charges. The parliament of 1377 was John's counter-coup: crucially, the Lords no longer supported the Commons and John was able to have most of the acts of 1376 annulled. He also succeeded in forcing the

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had entered into a full alliance with England, that he was actually able to land with an army in Spain and mount a campaign for the throne of Castile (that ultimately failed). John sailed from England on 9 July 1386 with a huge Anglo-Portuguese fleet carrying an army of about 5,000 men plus an

1674:, and a portion of line 76, "as three of you or tweyne," to refer to the ordinance of 1390 which specified that no royal gift could be authorised without the consent of at least two of the three dukes. Most conspicuous in this short poem is the number of references to Chaucer's "beste frend". 1091:

from north-eastern to south-western France on a 900-kilometre raid. This four-month ride through enemy territory, evading French armies on the way, was a bold stroke that impressed contemporaries but achieved virtually nothing. Beset on all sides by French ambushes and plagued by disease and

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John (1362–1365) was the first-born son of John and Blanche of Lancaster and lived possibly at least until after the birth of his brother Edward of Lancaster in 1365 and died before his second brother another short-lived boy called John in 1366. He was buried in the Collegiate Church of the

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as an absentee duke. His administration of the province was a disappointment, and his appointment as duke was much resented by the Gascons, since Aquitaine had previously always been held directly by the king of England or his heir; it was not felt to be a fief that a king could bestow on a

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in 1389. The fact that he became identified with the attempts to make peace added to his unpopularity at a period when the majority of Englishmen believed victory would be in their grasp if only the French could be defeated decisively as they had been in the 1350s. Another motive was John's

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John exercised great influence over the English throne during the minority of King Richard II (Edward the Black Prince's son) and the ensuing periods of political strife. He mediated between the king and a group of rebellious nobles, which included Gaunt's own son and heir-apparent, Henry

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comparable in scale and organisation to that of a monarch. He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between £8,000 and £10,000 a year, equivalent in 2023 to c.£170 – 213 million in income value, or £3.5 – 4.4 billion in relation to gdp.

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to the Portuguese king. A large part of John's army had succumbed to sickness, however, and when the invasion was mounted, they were far outnumbered by their Portuguese allies. The campaign of April–June 1387 was an ignominious failure. The Castilians refused to offer battle and the

5343:. Shortly before he dies, he makes a speech that includes the lines (in Act 2, scene i, around line 40) "This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars ... This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England". He is also referred to by 689:, and his son Bolingbroke, now disinherited, was branded a traitor and exiled. Henry returned from exile shortly after to reclaim his inheritance, and deposed Richard. He reigned as King Henry IV of England (1399–1413), the first of the descendants of John of Gaunt to hold the 998:

Because of his rank, John of Gaunt was one of England's principal military commanders in the 1370s and 1380s, though his enterprises were never rewarded with the kind of dazzling success that had made his elder brother Edward the Black Prince such a charismatic war leader.

1301:, another focus of popular resentment, was barred from any further association with him. But even after the government acceded to virtually all their demands, the Commons then refused to authorise any funds for the war, losing the sympathy of the Lords as a result. 1261:" after a former French possession of the duke. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne—the phrase 1564:

From 1394 through 1395, he was forced to spend nearly a year in Gascony to shore up his position in the face of threats of secession by the Gascon nobles. He was one of England's principal negotiators in the diplomatic exchanges with France that led to the

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After Blanche's death in 1368, shortly after the birth of her last child, John married, in 1371, Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile, giving him a claim to the Crown of Castile. They had one daughter. Constance died in 1394.

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turns her attention to three princes whom she implores to relieve Chaucer of his pain and "Preyeth his beste frend of his noblesse/That to som beter estat he may atteyne" (78–79). The three princes are believed to represent the dukes of Lancaster,

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John was married three times. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey. They had seven children; only three survived to adulthood.

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John left Portugal for Aquitaine, and he remained in that province until he returned to England in November 1389. This effectively kept him off the scene while England endured the major political crisis of the conflict between Richard II and the

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passed ownership to two local men in 1612 (which subsequently became Town & Manor of Hungerford Charity). The links are visible today in the Town & Manor-owned John O'Gaunt Inn on Bridge Street, and John O'Gaunt School on Priory Road.

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Blanche (1359–1388/1389), who married Sir Thomas Morieux (1355–1387) in 1381 and had no children. Morieux held several important posts, including Constable of the Tower the year he was married, and Master of Horse to King Richard II two years

1585:), who had also been one of the Lords Appellant, from Richard's wrath; but, in 1398, Richard had Bolingbroke exiled, and on John of Gaunt's death the next year he disinherited Bolingbroke completely, seizing John's vast estates for the Crown. 1318:

John's personal unpopularity persisted, however, and the failure of his expedition to Saint-Malo in 1378 did nothing for his reputation. By this time, too, some of his possessions were taken from him by the Crown. For example, his ship, the

1031:. Further reinforced by German mercenaries, they marched on Harfleur, but were delayed by French guerilla operations while the town prepared for a siege. John invested the town for four days in October, but he was losing so many men to 760:, and all subsequent monarchs are descendants of their marriage. Two of John's daughters married into continental royal houses (those of Portugal and Castile). Through them, many royal families of Europe can trace lineage to him. 6344:

The former title for "Clerk of the King's Ships" had been "Keeper and Governor of the King's Ships and Warden of the Sea and Maritime Parts". Crull had served Edward III in this capacity from 6 October 1359 to 22 September 1378.

1193:, John's influence strengthened. However, mistrust remained, and some suspected him of wanting to seize the throne himself. John took pains to ensure that he never became associated with the opposition to Richard's kingship. As 1100:. Unable to attack any strongly fortified forts and cities, the raiders plundered the countryside, which weakened the French infrastructure, but the military value of the damage was only temporary. Marching in winter across the 1174:, possibly to counteract the growing secular power of the church. However, John's ascendancy to political power coincided with widespread resentment of his influence. At a time when English forces encountered setbacks in the 1132:

occupied the surrounding countryside, harrying the edges of his force. In September, the siege was simply abandoned and the army returned ingloriously to England. John of Gaunt received most of the blame for the debâcle.

1941:, and Thomas, later Sir Thomas. John married Katherine in 1396, and their four children, the Beauforts, were legitimised by King Richard II and the Church, but barred from inheriting the throne. From the eldest son, 1124:. The English destroyed the shipping in St. Malo harbour and began to assault the town by land on 14 August, but John was soon hampered by the size of his army, which was unable to forage because French armies under 638:. Because of Gaunt's royal origin, advantageous marriages, and some generous land grants, he was one of the richest men of his era, and was an influential figure during the reigns of both his father and his nephew, 1297:

John was left isolated (even the Black Prince supported the need for reform) and the Commons refused to grant money for the war unless most of the great officers of state were dismissed and the king's mistress

1145:, to let the pope know he would be interested in a diplomatic conference under papal auspices. This approach led indirectly to the Anglo-French Congress of Bruges in 1374–77, which resulted in the short-lived 1019:, Duke of Burgundy. Exercising his first command, John dared not attack such a superior force and the two armies faced each other across a marsh for several weeks until the English were reinforced by the 1287:

on the Strand) and association with the failed peace process at Bruges combined to make him the most visible target of social resentments. His time at the head of government was marked by the so-called

1497: 5245:: claimed in January 1372 by his second marriage to the heiress to these thrones, unrecognised except for a brief period when he was able to capture Galicia from 1386 to 1387; claim surrendered 1388. 1087:

Probably John's most notable feat of arms occurred in August–December 1373, when he attempted to relieve Aquitaine by the landward route, leading an army of some 9,000 mounted men from Calais on a

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John received the title "Duke of Lancaster" from his father on 13 November 1362. By then well established, he owned at least thirty castles and estates across England and France and maintained a

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on 24 December 1373, severely weakened in numbers with the loss of at least one-third of their force in action and another third to disease. Upon arrival in Bordeaux, many more succumbed to the

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plateau, with stragglers being picked off by the French, huge numbers of the army, and even larger numbers of horses, died of cold, disease or starvation. The army reached English-occupied

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alliance with the Castilian royal house, while abandoning any claim to the throne. There is, however, evidence that he may occasionally have used this second marshalling at earlier dates.

1063:(September 1370). He took charge of the siege operations and at one point engaged in hand-to-hand fighting in the undermining tunnels. After this event, the Black Prince gave John the 1084:. The following year he took part with his father, Edward III, in an abortive attempt to invade France with a large army, which was frustrated by three months of unfavourable winds. 1222:, whom he had married in 1371. However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. John had to 1230:

and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. During the 1390s, John's reputation of devotion to the well-being of the kingdom was largely restored.

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and concluded an agreement with him to make a joint Anglo-Portuguese invasion of central Castile early in 1387. The treaty was sealed by the marriage of John's eldest daughter

920:. However, during John's lifetime, he was not referred to as this after the age of three. When he became unpopular later in life, a scurrilous rumour circulated, along with 1683:

that she shall not take his friend from him. While the envoy playfully hints to Lancaster that Chaucer would certainly appreciate a boost to his status or income, the poem

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and he began to experience difficulties keeping his army together and paying it. In November, he met King John I of Portugal at Ponte do Mouro on the south side of the

1803:. Both shared a common descent from King Henry III. The wealth she brought to the marriage was the foundation of John's fortune. Blanche died on 12 September 1368 at 1657:, proclaiming he has learned who his enemies are through her tyranny and deceit, and declares "my suffisaunce" (15) and that "over himself hath the maystrye" (14). 6009: 1283:

vast estates made him the richest man in England, and his great wealth, ostentatious display of it, autocratic manner and attitudes, enormous London mansion (the

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and take control of Brittany. Not enough ships could be found to transport the horses, and the expedition was tasked with the more limited objective of capturing

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his arms with those of the Spanish kingdom. From 1372, John gathered around himself a small court of refugee Castilian knights and ladies and set up a Castilian

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Plantagenet arms, while on the shield Castile and León is shown as an inescutcheon of pretence, representing his claim to that kingdom by right of marriage to

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was added between 1399 and 1403. During the reformation when other stonework in the cathedral was taken down in 1552, the tomb was spared by an command of

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Harris, Oliver D. (2010). "'Une tresriche sepulture': the tomb and chantry of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster in Old St Paul's Cathedral, London".

1521:, had expected John would land in Portugal and had concentrated his forces on the Portuguese border. He was wrong-footed by John's decision to invade 1486:

extensive "royal" household and his wife and daughters. Pausing on the journey to use his army to drive off the French forces who were then besieging

1205:. Unlike some of Richard's unpopular advisors, John was away from London at the time of the uprising and thus avoided the direct wrath of the rebels. 8168: 17: 9096: 2037:

Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester.

7971: 6704: 6274: 1747: 630:(6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399) was an English royal prince, military leader, and statesman. He was the fourth son (third surviving) of King 7489: 3414: 1525:, the most distant and disaffected of Castile's kingdoms. From August to October, John of Gaunt set up a rudimentary court and chancery at 1226:

on his ambitions in Spain and hurry back to England in 1389. Only John's intervention in the political crisis succeeded in persuading the

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John's final campaign in France took place in 1378. He planned a 'great expedition' of mounted men in a large armada of ships to land at

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conviction that it was only by making peace with France would it be possible to release sufficient manpower to enforce his claim to the

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as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. Upon the death of his father-in-law, the

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and a small English army with which he raided into northern France. On 23 August, he was confronted by a much larger French army under

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John of Gaunt: King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England

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that he decided to abandon the siege and return to Calais. During this retreat, the army had to fight its way across the

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it was severely damaged, and perhaps destroyed; anything that survived was lost (with the rest of the cathedral) in the

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starvation, John of Gaunt and his raiders battled their way through Champagne, east of Paris, into Burgundy, across the

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decrees, but this did not affect Henry IV's bar to their having a place in the line of succession. Through his daughter

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Walker, Simon (2008) . "John , duke of Aquitaine and duke of Lancaster, styled king of Castile and León (1340–1399)".

8690: 3826: 3149: 2055: 1445: 1405: 947:, in 1361, John received half his lands, the title "Earl of Lancaster", and distinction as the greatest landowner in 857: 817: 126: 86: 7755: 5268: 2016:

Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester (the church founded by his grandfather Henry, Duke of Lancaster).

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Death of John of Gaunt, Richard Cavendish explains the life and death of Henry IV's father, on February 3rd, 1399

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in Berkshire has ancient links to the Duchy, the manor becoming part of John of Gaunt's estate in 1362 before

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On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in

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between the two sides. John was himself a delegate to the various conferences that eventually resulted in the

9091: 9000: 8569: 8258: 8132: 8109: 8089: 7957: 7938: 3744: 1856: 1734:, adjacent to the high altar. Their magnificent tomb had been designed and executed between 1374 and 1380 by 7760: 6387: 1933:). Prior to her widowhood, Katherine had had at least two children with her husband, Sir Hugh Swynford from 9111: 8712: 7842: 7168: 3232: 708:. Gaunt is also generally believed to have fathered five children outside marriage: one early in life by a 5961: 5325:. The ostrich feather arms appeared in stained glass above Gaunt's chantry chapel in St Paul's Cathedral. 1394: 870: 806: 75: 9101: 9086: 9041: 8574: 7475: 7008: 6213: 5979: 5820: 5668: 4096: 1911: 1751: 1711:. The etching includes a number of inaccuracies, for example in not showing the couple with joined hands. 964: 623:

Illustration of descent of John of Gaunt and of his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, from King Henry III

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against France, and Edward III's rule was becoming unpopular owing to high taxation and his affair with

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All English monarchs from Henry IV onwards are descended from John of Gaunt. His direct male line, the

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Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1270 to Present, www.measuringworth.com

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John with his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, in a 15th-century family tree of his great-grandson,

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Several entries, as Duke of Aquitaine & Lancaster; and as King of Castile and Duke of Lancaster

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However, John of Gaunt literally stood by him in court, causing the trial to break up in confusion.

5762: 5318: 4898: 3405: 2044:; he was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. 1852: 1815:, who had seized the duchy of Lancaster upon John's death while Henry was in exile. Their daughter 1246:

During his second marriage, some time around 1373 (the approximate birth year of their eldest son,

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Fox, Paul A. (2009). "Fourteenth-century ordinaries of Arms. Part 2: William Jenyns' Ordinary".

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During his marriage to Constance, John of Gaunt fathered four children by a mistress, the widow

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This article is about the historical figure. For places and organisations named after him, see

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in 1371, John assumed (officially from 29 January 1372) the title of King of Castile and León

1170:(also known as the "Black Prince"), John of Gaunt contrived to protect the religious reformer 8637: 8545: 8503: 8450: 8234: 8207: 8124: 7907: 7827: 7699: 7371: 7354: 6657: 6347: 5484: 5298: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5252: 3112: 2764: 2267: 2005: 1899: 1816: 1603:. Near the end of their lives, Lancaster and Chaucer became brothers-in-law. Chaucer married 1535: 1467: 1345: 1328: 1190: 1175: 903: 887: 658: 639: 631: 555: 500: 427: 256: 7788: 7717: 5930:

John of Gaunt: Son of One King, Father of Another, Kathryn Warner, Amberley Publishing, 2022

9026: 9021: 8557: 8513: 8484: 8455: 8377: 8338: 8253: 8195: 8156: 8104: 8094: 8082: 7980: 7892: 7812: 7807: 7582: 7320: 7234: 6517: 6476: 6431: 5726: 5426: 5321:, "shield for peace" (on which the ostrich feathers were white), and may have been used in 5037: 4853: 4113: 2540: 2114: 2103: 2077: 2040:

John (1366–1367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future

1999: 1950: 1906:. Isabella I was also a descendant of Catherine's half-sister Philippa, through her mother 1887: 1864: 1860: 1796: 1755: 1727: 1723: 1700: 1636: 1599: 1419: 1129: 936: 932: 910:, was derived from an anglicised form of his birthplace, Ghent. Its use was popularised by 891: 875: 831: 753: 713: 510: 480: 320: 100: 7722: 1466:, and insisted his fellow English nobles henceforth address him as "my lord of Spain". He 8: 8983: 8834: 8784: 8765: 8758: 8722: 8673: 8396: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8350: 8281: 8268: 8175: 8070: 8040: 8022: 8012: 7920: 7902: 7882: 7665: 7521: 7420: 7337: 5520: 5400: 5334: 5306: 5263: 5092: 4767: 3845: 3811: 3687: 3197: 2799: 2047: 2041: 1891: 1780: 1582: 1577:, but withdrew because of ill-health and the political problems in Gascony and England. 1574: 1566: 1336: 1198: 1150: 1045: 960: 635: 590: 437: 169: 7712: 7172: 6891: 6801: 6129: 5919: 5267:

Coat of arms of John of Gaunt asserting his kingship over Castile and León, showing the

1651:, is also inferred to directly reference Lancaster. "Chaucer as narrator" openly defies 1344:

flee into Scotland with a handful of retainers and throw himself on the charity of King

1183: 600: 8975: 8746: 8717: 8697: 8654: 8496: 8408: 7897: 7860: 7574: 7527: 7256: 7035: 7030: 6698: 6681: 6554: 6549: 6436: 6268: 5546: 5458: 5360: 5227:: granted as a new creation on 13 November 1362 following the death of the prior Duke, 4081: 3209: 3120: 2572: 2142: 2089: 2009: 1990: 1967: 1922: 1903: 1820: 1608: 1502: 1482: 1323:, was seized and bundled with other royal ships to be sold to pay off the debts of Sir 1306: 1125: 899: 721: 701: 697: 643: 534: 486: 386: 284: 264: 7737: 6782: 1197:

ruler during Richard's minority, he made unwise decisions on taxation that led to the

619: 8881: 8841: 8796: 8612: 8518: 8445: 8372: 7930: 7916: 7887: 7498: 7452: 7403: 7393: 7386: 7361: 7304: 7300: 7293: 7283: 7269: 7073: 7054: 7016: 6994: 6968: 6661: 6529: 6488: 6447: 6355: 6333: 6098: 6042: 6015: 5971: 5578: 5339: 5251:(2 March 1390 – 3 February 1399): granted for life in March 1390 by his nephew, King 5248: 5224: 5204: 5200: 5084: 3675: 2193: 2184: 1986: 1975: 1934: 1915: 1895: 1808: 1800: 1708: 1619: 1518: 1340: 1258: 1254: 1137:

indeed, as early as 1373, during his great raid through France, he made contact with

1073: 981:, a massive fortress which John acquired through his marriage to Blanche of Lancaster 978: 916: 757: 717: 705: 690: 411: 198: 150: 530: 8215: 7832: 7327: 7206: 7094: 6423: 5291: 5194: 4891: 4846: 4207: 4200: 4174: 4167: 4138: 4131: 4062: 3838: 3772: 3729: 3421: 2199: 2099: 1930: 1879: 1875: 1840: 1836: 1716: 1594: 1475: 1209: 1155: 1060: 948: 682: 662: 565: 276: 185: 7797: 7106: 6987: 6386:

Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; National Archives; CP 40/541; year 1396.

724:, his long-term mistress and third wife. They were later legitimised by royal and 8886: 8649: 8594: 8286: 8005: 7441: 7345: 6651: 6092: 5987: 5349: 5238: 5234: 5140: 5119: 4826: 1981: 1832: 1549: 1522: 1324: 1289: 1227: 1142: 1055:

to reinforce his ailing elder brother, the Black Prince, and his younger brother

1016: 956: 952: 709: 7132: 6989:

The Last Knight: The Twilight of the Middle Ages and the Birth of the Modern Era

5242: 5197:: granted as an infant in September 1342, surrendered to the crown in June 1372. 1775: 8851: 7144: 7121: 7098: 5945: 2110: 1804: 1506: 1293: 1109: 1093: 1036: 452: 280: 9015: 8685: 8035: 7308: 7187:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 146–147. 7178: 7163:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 143–144. 7154: 7046: 6982: 5208: 5135: 5114: 4821: 4759: 4108: 4076: 4057: 3806: 2208: 2051: 1926: 1824: 1792: 1788: 1604: 1531: 1487: 1298: 1179: 1171: 1117: 1040: 940: 879: 733: 7125: 6853: 8960: 8846: 8430: 6513: 6472: 6427: 6325: 4861: 4723: 1735: 1687:

distinctively shows his deep appreciation and affection for John of Gaunt.

1284: 1202: 7148: 7013:

John of Gaunt: The Exercise of Princely Power in Fourteenth-Century Europe

6011:

John of Gaunt: The Exercise of Princely Power in Fourteenth-Century Europe

2092:(née de Roet/Roelt), mistress and later wife (children legitimised 1397): 963:. John inherited the rest of the Lancaster property when Blanche's sister 6720:

Blood royal: issue of the kings and queens of medieval England, 1066–1399

6653:

Katherine Swynford: The Story of John of Gaunt and his Scandalous Duchess

6647: 6261:

Katherine Swynford: the story of John of Gaunt and his scandalous duchess

6256: 5213: 1463: 1214: 1189:

When Edward III died in 1377 and John's ten-year-old nephew succeeded as

986: 935:, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King 911: 745: 646:, whose members would ascend the throne after his death. His birthplace, 165: 8054: 7690: 1491: 7949: 7645: 7635: 7212: 5983: 5356: 3186: 1812: 1742:

effigies were notable for having their right hands joined. An adjacent

1386: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1121: 798: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 577: 222: 7539: 1186:(1367), for example, his later military projects proved unsuccessful. 8822: 7770: 7630: 7620: 7467: 7411: 6867: 6214:"British History in depth: Black Death: Political and Social Changes" 4775: 1938: 1937:

in Lincolnshire. These were Blanche, for whom John of Gaunt stood as

1739: 1738:

with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, at a total cost of £592. The two

1639:, John of Gaunt's first wife. The poem refers to John and Blanche in 1557: 1052: 1032: 737: 686: 5286:

As a son of the sovereign, John bore the royal arms of the kingdom (

1361: 773: 42: 8918: 8856: 7640: 7590: 5344: 5322: 1640: 1311: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1077: 1068:

returned to England. Just before leaving Aquitaine, he married the

1024: 741: 1335:, and had advanced monies to pay for the king's ships. During the 657:

John's early career was spent in France and Spain fighting in the

7680: 7655: 7610: 7600: 7595: 6686: 5313:

In addition to his royal arms, Gaunt bore an alternative coat of

1962: 1743: 1652: 1647:

Believed to have been written in the 1390s, Chaucer's short poem

1570: 1526: 1339:

of 1381, John of Gaunt was far from the centre of events, on the

1081: 925: 472: 6965:

The Red Prince: The life of John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster

6305: 5970:. Parliament Rolls of Medieval England. Ass. ed. by Paul Brand, 1505:, to discuss a joint Anglo-Portuguese invasion of Castile (from 7675: 7670: 7625: 7615: 7605: 1008: 1007:

On the resumption of war with France in 1369, John was sent to

921: 301: 177: 7131: 6352:

The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain, 660–1649

2196:) and Princes of Wales are noted, as are the monarchs' reigns. 1474:

that prepared documents in his name according to the style of

677:

Bolingbroke. Following Gaunt's death in 1399, his estates and

159: 7037:

The Later Plantagenets: A Survey of English History 1307–1485

5305:) with his own. The arms of Castile and León appeared on the 5303:

Gules, a castle or, quartering Argent, a lion rampant purpure

1823:

in 1387. All subsequent kings of Portugal beginning from the

1607:

in 1366, and Lancaster took his mistress of nearly 30 years,

1028: 906:, in March 1340. The name by which he has become best known, 895: 725: 678: 647: 260: 5297:

As claimant to the throne of Castile and León from 1372, he

1827:

were thus descended from John of Gaunt. Philippa's daughter

6392: 6368: 6194: 6182: 6170: 1715:

John of Gaunt died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at

1201:

in 1381, when the rebels destroyed his home in London, the

6929:

Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants

6158: 5217:

in November 1362 following the death of his wife's father

1051:

In the summer of 1370, John was sent with a small army to

7051:

The Great Chevauchée: John of Gaunt's Raid on France 1373

6134: 669:, and for a time styled himself as King of Castile. When 7992: 1593:

John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet

1569:

in 1396, and he initially agreed to join the French-led

661:. He made an abortive attempt to enforce a claim to the 6762: 6404: 6293: 6281: 1481:

It was only in 1386, after Portugal under its new King

1059:, Earl of Cambridge. With them, he participated in the 642:. As Duke of Lancaster, he is the founder of the royal 6834: 6806:. Westminster: Archibald Constable & Co. pp. 6146: 2145:, a lady-in-waiting to John's mother, Queen Philippa: 1048:, to abandon his plans to invade England that autumn. 27:

English prince, regent and military leader (1340–1399)

6885: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6111: 1762:

lists Gaunt's as among the important lost monuments.

1588: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6726: 6568: 172:, Kent, probably modelled on Gaunt's tomb effigy in 7192:

Sir Jean Froissart: John of Gaunt in Portugal, 1385

5901: 3214:

Duke of Lancaster, Prince of Wales, King of England

1750:, but was stripped plain. During the period of the 924:, claiming that he was actually the son of a Ghent 67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 9117:Pretenders to the throne of the kingdom of Castile 7034: 6986: 6874: 6553: 6435: 1898:are descended from Catherine through their mother 1552:, who were led by John of Gaunt's younger brother 1305:the heart of the king's household. John impeached 6911: 6330:War, Politics and Culture in 14th Century England 5282:. Later in his life the two sides were reversed. 1839:, the only child of Philip's only legitimate son 9013: 8169:Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary 6947:Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy 6469:"Explanatory Notes on 'The Book of the Duchess'" 2026:(1372–1389), annulled 1383; married (2) in 1386 1811:became Henry IV of England, having deposed King 1310:Commons to agree to the imposition of the first 5317:. This was the counterpart to his brother, the 1910:, who was the daughter of Philippa's other son 7221:. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 6889: 6799: 6783:"Marks of cadency in the British royal family" 6634: 1581:protect his son Henry Bolingbroke (the future 7965: 7555: 7483: 7139:. Vol. 2. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co. 6685: 2169: 2032:John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Milbroke 1843:, married her 2nd cousin, Holy Roman Emperor 1758:of 1666. A wall memorial in the crypt of the 1719:, with his third wife Katherine by his side. 1166:After the death in 1376 of his older brother 7093:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 6758:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). p. 306. 6524:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 6442:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 5959: 1807:, while her husband was overseas. Their son 6949:. London: The Bodley Head. pp. 75, 92. 6940: 6938: 1263: 1161: 8947: 7972: 7958: 7562: 7548: 7490: 7476: 6703:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6466: 6273:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6097:. London: Faber & Faber. p. 274. 2176: 2162: 1819:became Queen of Portugal by marrying King 1707:, as represented in an etching of 1658 by 158: 8636: 8544: 8461:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk 8431:Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester 8274:Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester 8233: 7174:"Lancaster, John of Gaunt, duke of" 7167: 6560:. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 6323: 5933: 1446:Learn how and when to remove this message 1257:. Their children were given the surname " 882:in 1359: painting by Horace Wright (1914) 858:Learn how and when to remove this message 369: 340: 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 8483: 8337: 8194: 8155: 7979: 7201: 7143: 6935: 6768: 6608: 6548: 6410: 6398: 6374: 6311: 6299: 6287: 6200: 6188: 6176: 6164: 6152: 6140: 6117: 6087: 5262: 2131:Robert Ferrers, 5th Baron Boteler of Wem 1993:: both were descended from John of Gaunt 1980: 1961: 1774: 1694: 1496: 973: 971:), died without issue on 10 April 1362. 869: 618: 8783: 8672: 8605:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester 8441:Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant 8395: 8138:William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury 8069: 7569: 7090:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7045: 7007: 6926: 6744: 6680: 6585: 6583: 6426:(1984). "The Legend of Good Women". In 6422: 6332:. London: Hambledon Press. p. 32. 6094:The Hundred Years War 3: Divided Houses 6007: 1554:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester 1233: 399: 164:A portrait commissioned c. 1593 by Sir 14: 9097:Garter Knights appointed by Edward III 9014: 8897:Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle 8804:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales 8745: 7497: 7197:The Katherine Swynford Society website 7086: 7067: 7053:. Raid 20. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 6981: 6840: 6616:. London: Chapman & Hall. p. 6589: 6346: 5907: 5886:Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London 5742: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5500: 5390: 5386: 2135:Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland 1972:Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland 1953:, would nevertheless claim the throne. 1886:, became Queen of Castile by marrying 1027:, the base of the French fleet on the 955:of Lancaster. He also became the 14th 730:Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland 650:in Flanders, then known in English as 463:Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland 8946: 8916: 8820: 8782: 8744: 8703:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence 8671: 8635: 8543: 8482: 8466:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent 8394: 8336: 8232: 8193: 8154: 8100:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony 8068: 7991: 7953: 7543: 7471: 7120: 7029: 6732: 6717: 6574: 6507: 6483:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 6354:. London: HarperCollins. p. 99. 6034: 5818: 5808: 5804: 5792: 5786: 5776: 5760: 5750: 5746: 5730: 5724: 5714: 5698: 5688: 5684: 5672: 5666: 5656: 5640: 5630: 5626: 5602: 5592: 5576: 5566: 5562: 5550: 5544: 5534: 5518: 5508: 5504: 5488: 5482: 5472: 5456: 5446: 5442: 5430: 5424: 5414: 5398: 5394: 5288:Quarterly, France Ancient and England 5145: 5126: 5124: 5090: 5088: 5083: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 4993: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4867: 4860: 4833: 4831: 4804: 4802: 4773: 4766: 4764: 4742: 4735: 4722: 4720: 4711: 4700: 4616: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4516: 4510: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4356: 4350: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4181: 4179: 4152: 4150: 4145: 4143: 4120: 4118: 4095: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4069: 4067: 4044: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4028: 4022: 3970: 3964: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3922: 3888: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3825: 3818: 3816: 3795: 3793: 3786: 3784: 3761: 3754: 3752: 3743: 3741: 3716: 3714: 3685: 3674: 3659: 3589: 3577: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3420: 3413: 3411: 3404: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3328: 3306: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3231: 3229: 3207: 3196: 3185: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3128: 3119: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 2975: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2869: 2863: 2861: 2856: 2849: 2847: 2840: 2838: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2797: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2762: 2722: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2630: 2595: 2593: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2571: 2554: 2539: 2537: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2509: 2411: 2319: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 1851:, was the daughter of Philippa's son 1722:He was buried beside his first wife, 1327:, who during the latter part of King 1277: 993: 373: 8968:Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales 8585:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 8414:Margaret of France, Queen of England 8115:Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile 7994:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou 6962: 6944: 6646: 6580: 6255: 5315:Sable, three ostrich feathers ermine 5188: 2141:By mistress Marie de St. Hilaire of 1801:Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster 1542: 1384:adding citations to reliable sources 1355: 1021:Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick 796:adding citations to reliable sources 767: 65:adding citations to reliable sources 36: 8893:Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet 8877:George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford 8867:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York 8590:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 8580:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence 8426:Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar 7070:The Lancastrian Affinity, 1361–1399 6896:. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 6820: 6243:"Edward III | king of England" 5876: 5294:by a label of three points ermine. 4874:Duke of Gloucester, King of England 2096:John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset 2024:John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke 1622:—were Chaucer's nephews and niece. 1141:, brother and political adviser of 1013:Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford 756:, who married Edward IV's daughter 665:that came through his second wife, 443:John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset 336: 24: 9072:English people of Scottish descent 9052:Earls of Leicester (1265 creation) 8708:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford 8264:Joan of England, Queen of Scotland 8053: 8031:Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey 6956: 6063:"John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster" 5941:"John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster" 5367: 5183: 2804:Duke of Lancaster, King of England 1799:, younger of the two daughters of 1635:, was written in commemoration of 1589:Relationship with Geoffrey Chaucer 1351: 1208:In 1386 John left England to seek 748:. Through his great-granddaughter 572:John of Gaunt's chevauchée of 1373 25: 9148: 9077:English people of Spanish descent 9062:Children of Edward III of England 8691:Joan of Navarre, Queen of England 7332:29 September 1342 – 25 June 1372 7114: 6927:von Redlich, Marcellus Donald R. 6868:"John O'Gaunt School, Hungerford" 6780: 6656:. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 6510:"Introduction to the Short Poems" 5960:Given-Wilson, Chris, ed. (2005). 2022:(1364–1426), married (1) in 1380 1918:is also related to John of Gaunt. 1878:, thus giving him a claim to the 1867:, a male line grandson of Edward. 1833:Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy 1044:John had forced the French king, 9067:English people of French descent 8509:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall 8120:Joan of England, Queen of Sicily 7689: 7218:Dictionary of National Biography 7134:The New Student's Reference Work 6614:Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral 6324:Sherborne, James (1 July 1994). 5333:John of Gaunt is a character in 5134: 5113: 5097:Prince of Wales, King of England 4820: 4758: 4107: 4075: 4056: 3805: 2769:Prince of Wales, King of England 2207: 2028:John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter 1360: 1002: 772: 704:from 1399 until the time of the 628:John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster 529: 41: 18:John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster 8980:Katherine, Countess of Pembroke 6890:Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1905). 6860: 6846: 6814: 6800:Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1904). 6793: 6774: 6738: 6711: 6674: 6640: 6624: 6602: 6542: 6501: 6460: 6416: 6380: 6317: 6249: 6235: 6206: 6123: 5101: 5050: 4878: 4791: 4784: 3703: 3696: 3218: 2812: 2773: 2276: 2217:Family tree of English monarchs 2121:Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter 1371:needs additional citations for 1057:Edmund of Langley, Duke of York 783:needs additional citations for 654:, was the origin of his name. 458:Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter 395: 365: 332: 52:needs additional citations for 9037:Burials at St Paul's Cathedral 8600:Margaret, Countess of Pembroke 6854:"John O'Gaunt Inn, Hungerford" 6722:. Heritage Books. p. 219. 6081: 6055: 6028: 6001: 5953: 5924: 5913: 5269:royal arms of Castile and León 2183:English royal families in the 1902:, daughter of Catherine's son 1633:Deeth of Blaunche the Duchesse 1494:in northern Spain on 29 July. 182:royal arms of Castile and León 13: 1: 9107:Male Shakespearean characters 9032:14th-century English nobility 8821: 8729:Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde 8259:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall 8133:Geoffrey (archbishop of York) 8110:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany 8090:William IX, Count of Poitiers 7169:Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge 6014:. Routledge. pp. 28–29. 5895: 4780:Duke of York, King of England 3830:Duke of York, Prince of Wales 1945:, descended a granddaughter, 1612: 1573:that ended in the disastrous 1218:by right of his second wife, 874:Marriage of John of Gaunt to 763: 417: 242:29 January 1372 – 8 July 1388 8917: 8713:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester 7843:Portuguese House of Burgundy 7107:UK public library membership 6750:Richmond, Earls and Dukes of 5962:"Richard II: September 1397" 1872:Infanta Constance of Castile 1770: 1070:Infanta Constance of Castile 732:, he was an ancestor of the 433:Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter 7: 9122:Peers created by Edward III 9082:High sheriffs of Lancashire 7150:"Lancaster, House of" 7072:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 6718:Leese, Thelma Anna (1996). 5821:Margaret, Countess of Anjou 5669:William I, Count of Hainaut 2129:(1379–1440); married first 1957: 1348:until the crisis was over. 969:William V, Count of Hainaut 965:Maud, Countess of Leicester 752:he was also an ancestor of 448:Catherine, Queen of Castile 428:Philippa, Queen of Portugal 10: 9153: 8051: 6931:. Vol. I. p. 64. 6467:Wilcockson, Colin (1987). 6038:A New Companion to Chaucer 6008:Goodman, Anthony (2013) . 5736: 5620: 5494: 5388: 5376:Ancestors of John of Gaunt 5301:the arms of that kingdom ( 2076:(1373–1418), married King 1597:, best known for his work 939:. They married in 1359 at 29: 8996: 8955: 8942: 8925: 8912: 8872:Anne of York, Lady Howard 8829: 8816: 8791: 8778: 8753: 8740: 8680: 8667: 8644: 8631: 8552: 8539: 8491: 8478: 8436:Alphonso, Earl of Chester 8403: 8390: 8345: 8332: 8241: 8228: 8202: 8189: 8163: 8150: 8077: 8064: 8018:Geoffrey, Count of Nantes 8000: 7987: 7929: 7873: 7859: 7841: 7769: 7736: 7698: 7687: 7581: 7505: 7449: 7432: 7417: 7410: 7400: 7391: 7383: 7378: 7368: 7359: 7351: 7344: 7334: 7325: 7317: 7298: 7290: 7280: 7267: 7262: 7255: 7228: 5806: 5798: 5770: 5748: 5744: 5708: 5686: 5678: 5650: 5643:John II, Count of Holland 5628: 5624: 5586: 5564: 5556: 5528: 5506: 5502: 5466: 5444: 5436: 5408: 5392: 5328: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5011: 5009: 5007: 4999: 4997: 4991: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4973: 4937: 4933: 4919: 4917: 4911: 4909: 4865: 4858: 4771: 4740: 4733: 4709: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4564: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4534: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4352: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4308: 4292: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4264: 4256: 4254: 4242: 4240: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4042: 4040: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4024: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3940: 3932: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3886: 3884: 3876: 3874: 3870: 3868: 3823: 3759: 3683: 3672: 3670: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3595: 3593: 3587: 3583: 3575: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3519: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3485: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3431: 3418: 3402: 3400: 3388: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3334: 3322: 3304: 3302: 3294: 3292: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3252: 3250: 3205: 3194: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3142: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3126: 3124: 3117: 3105: 3103: 3087: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2973: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2867: 2865: 2854: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2720: 2718: 2702: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2652: 2650: 2634: 2632: 2626: 2624: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2606: 2604: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2409: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2206:=Killed in action; 2102:. His great-grandson was 2008:(1360–1415) married King 1966:1640 drawing of tombs of 1765: 1501:John of Gaunt dines with 1333:Clerk of the King's Ships 1272: 634:, and the father of King 613: 548: 540: 525: 520: 516: 506: 496: 471: 438:Henry IV, King of England 410: 309: 290: 274:3 February 1399 (aged 58) 270: 250: 246: 238: 228: 218: 207: 197: 157: 148: 143: 7041:. London: Edward Arnold. 6993:. New York: Free Press. 6314:, pp. 213, 283–284. 5869: 5763:Charles, Count of Valois 2050:(1367–1413) married (1) 1949:, whose son, later King 1690: 1265:excepta regali dignitate 1162:Succession to the throne 1096:, and finally down into 1065:lieutenancy of Aquitaine 8565:Edward the Black Prince 7851:Ferdinand I of Portugal 7184:Encyclopædia Britannica 7160:Encyclopædia Britannica 6755:Encyclopædia Britannica 6067:Encyclopædia Britannica 5274:his paternal arms (the 5258: 1752:Interregnum (1649–1660) 1628:The Book of the Duchess 716:; the others, surnamed 671:Edward the Black Prince 174:Old St Paul's Cathedral 8949:Richard III of England 8058: 7435:— DISPUTED — 7099:10.1093/ref:odnb/14843 7068:Walker, Simon (1990). 6041:. Wiley. p. 153. 5967:British History Online 5701:Philippa of Luxembourg 5353:(in Act 2, scene ii). 5283: 1994: 1978: 1947:Lady Margaret Beaufort 1884:Catherine of Lancaster 1870:In 1371, John married 1835:. Their lone heiress, 1783: 1712: 1699:The tomb of Gaunt and 1605:Philippa (Pan) de Roet 1514: 1511:Chronique d'Angleterre 1331:'s reign had been the 1264: 982: 883: 750:Lady Margaret Beaufort 624: 8638:Richard II of England 8546:Edward III of England 8504:Edward III of England 8451:Elizabeth of Rhuddlan 8247:Isabella of Angoulême 8235:John, King of England 8208:Berengaria of Navarre 8125:John, King of England 8057: 7700:Astur-Leonese dynasty 7208:"John of Gaunt" 7127:"John of Gaunt" 6945:Weir, Alison (1999). 6556:A New View of Chaucer 6522:The Riverside Chaucer 6508:Gross, Zaila (1987). 6481:The Riverside Chaucer 6438:The Riverside Chaucer 6035:Brown, Peter (2019). 5485:Edward III of England 5278:), with his heraldic 5276:royal arms of England 5266: 5253:Richard II of England 5128:Richard of Shrewsbury 4835:Edward of Westminster 3791:Duchess of Buckingham 3415:Richard of Conisburgh 2098:(1373–1410), married 2030:(1350–1400); (3) Sir 1984: 1965: 1817:Philippa of Lancaster 1778: 1698: 1500: 1458:Upon his marriage to 1346:Robert II of Scotland 1210:the throne of Castile 1191:Richard II of England 1072:in September 1371 at 977: 888:Edward III of England 873: 632:Edward III of England 622: 501:Edward III of England 9092:House of Plantagenet 8558:Philippa of Hainault 8514:Eleanor of Woodstock 8485:Edward II of England 8456:Edward II of England 8378:Katherine of England 8339:Henry III of England 8254:Henry III of England 8196:Richard I of England 8157:Henry the Young King 8105:Richard I of England 8095:Henry the Young King 8083:Eleanor of Aquitaine 7981:House of Plantagenet 7321:Robert III of Artois 7235:House of Plantagenet 6967:. London: Oneworld. 6963:Carr, Helen (2021). 6746:McNeill, Ronald John 6631:Dame Blanche Morieux 5727:Philippa of Hainault 5427:Edward II of England 2792:Philippa of Clarence 2541:Blanche of Lancaster 2115:Bishop of Winchester 2104:Henry VII of England 2078:Henry III of Castile 2068:Constance of Castile 2000:Blanche of Lancaster 1951:Henry VII of England 1888:Henry III of Castile 1865:Manuel I of Portugal 1797:Blanche of Lancaster 1756:Great Fire of London 1724:Blanche of Lancaster 1705:St. Paul's Cathedral 1701:Blanche of Lancaster 1637:Blanche of Lancaster 1631:, also known as the 1600:The Canterbury Tales 1517:The Castilian king, 1464:in right of his wife 1460:Constance of Castile 1380:improve this article 1234:Marriages and family 1220:Constance of Castile 1130:Bertrand du Guesclin 933:Blanche of Lancaster 892:Philippa of Hainault 886:John was the son of 876:Blanche of Lancaster 792:improve this article 667:Constance of Castile 511:Philippa of Hainault 372:; died 354:Constance of Castile 339:; died 321:Blanche of Lancaster 190:Constance of Castile 61:improve this article 9112:Nobility from Ghent 8984:Richard of Eastwell 8930:no consort or issue 8835:Elizabeth Woodville 8785:Henry VI of England 8766:Henry VI of England 8759:Catherine of Valois 8723:Philippa of England 8674:Henry IV of England 8397:Edward I of England 8368:Beatrice of England 8363:Margaret of England 8358:Edward I of England 8351:Eleanor of Provence 8309:Bartholomew FitzRoy 8282:Joan, Lady of Wales 8269:Isabella of England 8176:William Plantagenet 8071:Henry II of England 8041:Mary of Shaftesbury 8023:William FitzEmpress 8013:Henry II of England 7875:House of Trastámara 7338:John IV of Brittany 7015:. Harlow: Longman. 6831:(pp. 59, 61, pl. 2) 6781:Velde, Francois R. 6688:Mediaeval Leicester 6635:Armitage-Smith 1904 6401:, pp. 122–123. 6377:, pp. 425–426. 6245:. 29 February 2024. 6203:, pp. 212–213. 6191:, pp. 325–327. 6179:, pp. 187–202. 5521:Philip IV of France 5401:Edward I of England 5335:William Shakespeare 4768:Elizabeth Woodville 4737:Catherine Woodville 3198:Catherine of Valois 2597:Thomas of Woodstock 2511:Edward of Woodstock 2061:Isabel (1368–1368). 2048:Henry IV of England 2042:Henry IV of England 1892:Catherine of Aragon 1874:, daughter of King 1791:, John married his 1732:St Paul's Cathedral 1575:Battle of Nicopolis 1567:Truce of Leulinghem 1168:Edward of Woodstock 1151:Truce of Leulinghem 931:John's first wife, 591:Castilian Civil War 298:St Paul's Cathedral 170:Queenborough Castle 9102:Lord High Stewards 9087:House of Lancaster 9042:Dukes of Lancaster 8976:John of Gloucester 8747:Henry V of England 8718:Blanche of England 8698:Henry V of England 8655:Isabella of Valois 8497:Isabella of France 8409:Eleanor of Castile 8059: 7861:House of Lancaster 7499:Dukes of Lancaster 7412:Titles in pretence 7379:Political offices 7257:Peerage of England 7122:Beach, Chandler B. 6637:, pp. 460–461 6220:. 17 February 2011 6167:, pp. 69–108. 5547:Isabella of France 5459:Eleanor of Castile 5284: 4806:George Plantagenet 4747:Duke of Buckingham 3236:Duke of Gloucester 3121:Elizabeth Mortimer 2600:Duke of Gloucester 2573:Katherine Swynford 2515:"The Black Prince" 2090:Katherine Swynford 2010:John I of Portugal 1995: 1991:Philip II of Spain 1979: 1968:Katherine Swynford 1923:Katherine Swynford 1896:Joanna of Castille 1821:John I of Portugal 1787:On 19 May 1359 at 1784: 1713: 1609:Katherine Swynford 1519:John of Trastámara 1515: 1503:John I of Portugal 1307:William of Wykeham 1278:Head of government 1176:Hundred Years' War 1126:Olivier de Clisson 994:Military commander 983: 904:Saint Bavo's Abbey 894:, and was born in 884: 722:Katherine Swynford 698:House of Lancaster 659:Hundred Years' War 644:House of Lancaster 625: 556:Hundred Years' War 535:Kingdom of England 387:Katherine Swynford 304:, remains now lost 285:Kingdom of England 257:Saint Bavo's Abbey 9057:Earls of Richmond 9009: 9008: 8992: 8991: 8938: 8937: 8908: 8907: 8901:Grace Plantagenet 8882:Catherine of York 8842:Elizabeth of York 8812: 8811: 8797:Margaret of Anjou 8774: 8773: 8736: 8735: 8663: 8662: 8627: 8626: 8613:John de Southeray 8570:Isabella de Coucy 8535: 8534: 8519:Joan of the Tower 8474: 8473: 8446:Mary of Woodstock 8386: 8385: 8373:Edmund Crouchback 8328: 8327: 8224: 8223: 8185: 8184: 8178:(died in infancy) 8146: 8145: 8049: 8048: 7947: 7946: 7931:House of Habsburg 7771:House of Burgundy 7537: 7536: 7510:Henry of Grosmont 7466: 7465: 7462: 7459:as unopposed king 7450:Succeeded by 7437: 7430: 7427:as unopposed king 7404:Henry Bolingbroke 7401:Succeeded by 7394:Lord High Steward 7387:Henry of Grosmont 7369:Succeeded by 7362:Duke of Aquitaine 7335:Succeeded by 7305:Earl of Lancaster 7301:Earl of Leicester 7294:Henry of Grosmont 7284:Henry Bolingbroke 7281:Succeeded by 7270:Duke of Lancaster 7105:(Subscription or 7079:978-0-19-820174-8 7060:978-1-84908-247-1 7022:978-0-582-09813-8 7000:978-0-7432-2688-2 6983:Cantor, Norman F. 6974:978-0-86154-082-2 6787:www.heraldica.org 6667:978-0-224-06321-0 6610:Sinclair, William 6535:978-0-395-29031-6 6494:978-0-395-29031-6 6453:978-0-395-29031-6 6424:Chaucer, Geoffrey 6361:978-0-00-255128-1 6339:978-1-85285-086-9 6143:, pp. 38–69. 6104:978-0-571-13897-5 6091:(19 March 2009). 6048:978-1-118-90225-7 6021:978-0-582-50218-5 5972:J. R. S. Phillips 5866: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5579:Joan I of Navarre 5249:Duke of Aquitaine 5229:Henry of Grosmont 5225:Duke of Lancaster 5219:Henry of Grosmont 5205:Earl of Lancaster 5201:Earl of Leicester 5189:Titles and styles 5181: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5085:Elizabeth of York 4702:Margaret Beaufort 4147:Humphrey Stafford 4090:Margaret Beaufort 4071:Richard Woodville 3676:Margaret of Anjou 3406:Edward of Norwich 2588:Edmund of Langley 2559:Duke of Lancaster 2532:Lionel of Antwerp 2253:Duke of Lancaster 2250:Henry of Grosmont 2185:Wars of the Roses 2056:Joanna of Navarre 2054:(1369–1394); (2) 1989:and her husband, 1987:Mary I of England 1976:Lincoln Cathedral 1916:House of Hapsburg 1855:. Their grandson 1809:Henry Bolingbroke 1760:present cathedral 1709:Wenceslaus Hollar 1543:Duke of Aquitaine 1456: 1455: 1448: 1430: 1255:Lincoln Cathedral 1156:throne of Castile 979:Kenilworth Castle 945:Duke of Lancaster 902:, most likely at 868: 867: 860: 842: 758:Elizabeth of York 706:Wars of the Roses 617: 616: 199:Duke of Aquitaine 151:Duke of Lancaster 137: 136: 129: 111: 16:(Redirected from 9144: 9137:Barons Lancaster 9132:Barons of Halton 8944: 8943: 8914: 8913: 8862:Margaret of York 8818: 8817: 8780: 8779: 8742: 8741: 8669: 8668: 8633: 8632: 8541: 8540: 8480: 8479: 8392: 8391: 8334: 8333: 8294:Geoffrey FitzRoy 8230: 8229: 8216:Philip of Cognac 8191: 8190: 8152: 8151: 8066: 8065: 7989: 7988: 7974: 7967: 7960: 7951: 7950: 7738:House of Jiménez 7693: 7564: 7557: 7550: 7541: 7540: 7492: 7485: 7478: 7469: 7468: 7456: 7433: 7424: 7418:Preceded by 7384:Preceded by 7352:Preceded by 7328:Earl of Richmond 7318:Preceded by 7291:Preceded by 7251: 7244: 7226: 7225: 7222: 7210: 7188: 7176: 7164: 7152: 7140: 7138: 7129: 7110: 7102: 7083: 7064: 7042: 7040: 7026: 7009:Goodman, Anthony 7004: 6992: 6978: 6951: 6950: 6942: 6933: 6932: 6924: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6904: 6887: 6872: 6871: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6850: 6844: 6843:, pp. 22–3. 6838: 6832: 6830: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6778: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6702: 6694: 6692: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6644: 6638: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6592:Church Monuments 6587: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6559: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6505: 6499: 6498: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6441: 6420: 6414: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6343: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6272: 6264: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6225: 6210: 6204: 6198: 6192: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6132: 6127: 6121: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6032: 6026: 6025: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5949:. 21 March 1999. 5937: 5931: 5928: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5889: 5880: 5382: 5381: 5373: 5372: 5195:Earl of Richmond 5143: 5138: 5122: 5117: 5110: 5105: 5103: 5054: 5053: 1485–1509 5052: 5046: 4901: 4896: 4887: 4882: 4881: 1483–1485 4880: 4856: 4851: 4842: 4829: 4824: 4817: 4813: 4809:Duke of Clarence 4800: 4795: 4794: 1471–1483 4793: 4788: 4787: 1461–1470 4786: 4762: 4755: 4751: 4731: 4718: 4707: 4210: 4205: 4196: 4192: 4177: 4172: 4163: 4159: 4141: 4136: 4127: 4116: 4111: 4104: 4100:Duke of Somerset 4084: 4079: 4065: 4060: 4053: 4049:Duke of Somerset 3848: 3843: 3834: 3814: 3809: 3802: 3782: 3777: 3768: 3750: 3739: 3734: 3725: 3721:Duke of Somerset 3712: 3707: 3706: 1470–1471 3705: 3700: 3699: 1422–1461 3698: 3681: 3668: 3664:Duke of Somerset 3422:Anne de Mortimer 3227: 3222: 3221: 1413–1422 3220: 3203: 3192: 2836: 2816: 2815: 1399–1413 2814: 2808: 2777: 2776: 1377–1399 2775: 2535:Duke of Clarence 2280: 2279: 1327–1377 2278: 2222: 2221: 2211: 2204: 2178: 2171: 2164: 2155: 2154: 2100:Margaret Holland 2083:John (1374–1375) 1931:Geoffrey Chaucer 1880:Crown of Castile 1876:Peter of Castile 1841:Charles the Bold 1717:Leicester Castle 1617: 1614: 1595:Geoffrey Chaucer 1476:Peter of Castile 1451: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1431: 1429: 1388: 1364: 1356: 1337:Peasants' Revolt 1292:of 1376 and the 1267: 1199:Peasants' Revolt 1184:Battle of Nájera 1089:great chevauchée 1061:Siege of Limoges 949:Northern England 863: 856: 852: 849: 843: 841: 800: 776: 768: 663:Crown of Castile 601:Battle of Nájera 566:Siege of Limoges 533: 421: 403: 401: 397: 377: 375: 371: 367: 344: 342: 338: 334: 277:Leicester Castle 214: 162: 141: 140: 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 69: 45: 37: 21: 9152: 9151: 9147: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9142: 9141: 9012: 9011: 9010: 9005: 8988: 8951: 8934: 8921: 8904: 8887:Bridget of York 8825: 8808: 8787: 8770: 8749: 8732: 8676: 8659: 8650:Anne of Bohemia 8640: 8623: 8595:Mary of Waltham 8575:Joan of England 8548: 8531: 8487: 8470: 8399: 8382: 8341: 8324: 8321:William de Forz 8287:Richard FitzRoy 8237: 8220: 8198: 8181: 8159: 8142: 8073: 8060: 8045: 8006:Empress Matilda 7996: 7983: 7978: 7948: 7943: 7925: 7869: 7855: 7837: 7765: 7732: 7694: 7685: 7577: 7568: 7538: 7533: 7501: 7496: 7455: 7446: 7442:King of Castile 7438: 7423: 7406: 7397: 7389: 7374: 7365: 7357: 7346:French nobility 7340: 7331: 7323: 7312: 7307: 7303: 7296: 7286: 7277: 7273: 7250:3 February 1399 7245: 7239: 7238: 7231: 7145:Gairdner, James 7117: 7104: 7080: 7061: 7031:Green, V. H. H. 7023: 7001: 6975: 6959: 6957:Further reading 6954: 6943: 6936: 6925: 6912: 6902: 6900: 6888: 6875: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6839: 6835: 6819: 6815: 6798: 6794: 6779: 6775: 6767: 6763: 6743: 6739: 6731: 6727: 6716: 6712: 6696: 6695: 6679: 6675: 6668: 6645: 6641: 6629: 6625: 6607: 6603: 6588: 6581: 6573: 6569: 6550:Williams, G. G. 6547: 6543: 6536: 6518:Robinson, F. N. 6506: 6502: 6495: 6477:Robinson, F. N. 6465: 6461: 6454: 6432:Robinson, F. N. 6421: 6417: 6409: 6405: 6397: 6393: 6385: 6381: 6373: 6369: 6362: 6340: 6322: 6318: 6310: 6306: 6298: 6294: 6286: 6282: 6266: 6265: 6254: 6250: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6223: 6221: 6212: 6211: 6207: 6199: 6195: 6187: 6183: 6175: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6139: 6135: 6128: 6124: 6116: 6112: 6105: 6086: 6082: 6072: 6070: 6069:. 15 March 2024 6061: 6060: 6056: 6049: 6033: 6029: 6022: 6006: 6002: 5992: 5990: 5988:Rosemary Horrox 5980:Geoffrey Martin 5958: 5954: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5918: 5914: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5893: 5892: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5370: 5368:Family ancestry 5350:Henry IV Part I 5331: 5261: 5239:King of Castile 5235:King of Galicia 5191: 5186: 5184:Titles and arms 5139: 5132: 5130: 5118: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5042:King of England 5041: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4838:Prince of Wales 4837: 4825: 4818: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4798: 4797: 4790: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4756: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4729: 4728: 4727:Duke of Bedford 4726: 4716: 4715: 4705: 4704: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4183:Richard Neville 4168: 4165: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4156: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4112: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4097:Edmund Beaufort 4080: 4073: 4061: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4048: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827:Richard of York 3810: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3797:Richard Neville 3790: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3756:Eleanor Neville 3748: 3747: 3745:William Neville 3730: 3727: 3726: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718:Edmund Beaufort 3710: 3709: 3702: 3695: 3693: 3692:King of England 3691: 3679: 3678: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3408: 3235: 3225: 3224: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3201: 3200: 3190: 3189: 2844: 2842:Thomas Beaufort 2834: 2833: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2599: 2590: 2558: 2534: 2518:Prince of Wales 2517: 2513: 2275: 2273: 2272:King of England 2271: 2252: 2213: 2200: 2197: 2182: 1960: 1929:was married to 1847:, whose mother 1773: 1768: 1693: 1615: 1591: 1550:Lords Appellant 1545: 1490:, he landed at 1452: 1441: 1435: 1432: 1395:"John of Gaunt" 1389: 1387: 1377: 1365: 1354: 1352:King of Castile 1325:Robert de Crull 1290:Good Parliament 1280: 1275: 1236: 1228:Lords Appellant 1164: 1147:Truce of Bruges 1143:Pope Gregory XI 1139:Guillaume Roger 1017:Philip the Bold 1005: 996: 961:Lord of Bowland 957:Baron of Halton 951:as heir of the 864: 853: 847: 844: 807:"John of Gaunt" 801: 799: 789: 777: 766: 710:lady-in-waiting 609: 606: 594: 593: 586: 583: 559: 558: 521:Military career 492: 467: 415: 414: 406: 405: 393: 389: 379: 363: 359: 356: 346: 330: 326: 323: 305: 295: 275: 255: 234: 230:King of Castile 213:3 February 1399 212: 211:2 March 1390 – 203: 193: 133: 122: 116: 113: 76:"John of Gaunt" 70: 68: 58: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9150: 9140: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9047:Earls of Derby 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9003: 8997: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8986: 8981: 8978: 8974:Illegitimate: 8971: 8970: 8964: 8963: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8940: 8939: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8932: 8926: 8923: 8922: 8910: 8909: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8902: 8899: 8894: 8890: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8852:Cecily of York 8849: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8830: 8827: 8826: 8814: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8776: 8775: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8762: 8761: 8754: 8751: 8750: 8738: 8737: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8730: 8726: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8694: 8693: 8688: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8665: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8657: 8652: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8629: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8621: 8618: 8617:Jane Northland 8615: 8611:Illegitimate: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8561: 8560: 8553: 8550: 8549: 8537: 8536: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8529: 8525:Illegitimate: 8522: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8500: 8499: 8492: 8489: 8488: 8476: 8475: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8417: 8416: 8411: 8404: 8401: 8400: 8388: 8387: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8330: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8322: 8319: 8318:Philip FitzRoy 8316: 8315:Isabel FitzRoy 8313: 8310: 8307: 8304: 8303:Osbert Gifford 8301: 8298: 8295: 8292: 8291:Oliver FitzRoy 8289: 8284: 8280:Illegitimate: 8277: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8250: 8249: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8226: 8225: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8218: 8214:Illegitimate: 8211: 8210: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8187: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8179: 8172: 8171: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8148: 8147: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8140: 8135: 8131:Illegitimate: 8128: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8086: 8085: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8062: 8061: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8029:Illegitimate: 8026: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8009: 8008: 8001: 7998: 7997: 7985: 7984: 7977: 7976: 7969: 7962: 7954: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7941: 7935: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7923: 7914: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7879: 7877: 7871: 7870: 7865: 7863: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7853: 7847: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7775: 7773: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7742: 7740: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7587: 7585: 7579: 7578: 7567: 7566: 7559: 7552: 7544: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7513: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7495: 7494: 7487: 7480: 7472: 7464: 7463: 7451: 7448: 7431: 7419: 7415: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7402: 7399: 7390: 7385: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7375: 7370: 7367: 7358: 7353: 7349: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7336: 7333: 7324: 7319: 7315: 7314: 7297: 7292: 7288: 7287: 7282: 7279: 7266: 7260: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7232: 7229: 7224: 7223: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7179:Chisholm, Hugh 7165: 7155:Chisholm, Hugh 7141: 7124:, ed. (1914). 7116: 7115:External links 7113: 7112: 7111: 7084: 7078: 7065: 7059: 7047:Nicolle, David 7043: 7027: 7021: 7005: 6999: 6979: 6973: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6934: 6910: 6873: 6859: 6845: 6833: 6813: 6792: 6773: 6771:, p. 718. 6761: 6737: 6735:, p. 222. 6725: 6710: 6673: 6666: 6639: 6623: 6601: 6579: 6577:, p. 635. 6567: 6541: 6534: 6500: 6493: 6459: 6452: 6415: 6413:, p. 829. 6403: 6391: 6379: 6367: 6360: 6338: 6316: 6304: 6302:, p. 274. 6292: 6290:, p. 271. 6280: 6248: 6234: 6205: 6193: 6181: 6169: 6157: 6145: 6133: 6122: 6110: 6103: 6080: 6054: 6047: 6027: 6020: 6000: 5952: 5946:Britannica.com 5932: 5923: 5912: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789:Joan of Valois 5785: 5782: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5378: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5330: 5327: 5319:Black Prince's 5260: 5257: 5256: 5255: 5246: 5232: 5222: 5198: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5125: 5123: 5089: 5087: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4899:Bosworth Field 4866: 4864: 4859: 4857: 4832: 4830: 4803: 4801: 4772: 4770: 4765: 4763: 4744:Henry Stafford 4741: 4739: 4734: 4732: 4721: 4719: 4710: 4708: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4180: 4178: 4151: 4149: 4144: 4142: 4119: 4117: 4094: 4092: 4087: 4085: 4068: 4066: 4046:Henry Beaufort 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3824: 3822: 3820:Cecily Neville 3817: 3815: 3794: 3792: 3785: 3783: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3742: 3740: 3715: 3713: 3684: 3682: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3417: 3412: 3410: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3230: 3228: 3206: 3204: 3195: 3193: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3150:Roger Mortimer 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3118: 3116: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2848: 2846: 2845:Duke of Exeter 2839: 2837: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2796: 2794: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2594: 2592: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2192:Dukes (except 2188: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2173: 2166: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2124: 2118: 2111:Henry Beaufort 2107: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2045: 2038: 2035: 2017: 2013: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1925:(whose sister 1919: 1868: 1863:, daughter of 1805:Tutbury Castle 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1744:chantry chapel 1692: 1689: 1590: 1587: 1561:subordinate. 1544: 1541: 1507:Jean de Wavrin 1454: 1453: 1368: 1366: 1359: 1353: 1350: 1294:Bad Parliament 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1235: 1232: 1163: 1160: 1110:bubonic plague 1094:Massif Central 1037:bubonic plague 1004: 1001: 995: 992: 866: 865: 780: 778: 771: 765: 762: 691:English throne 681:were declared 615: 614: 611: 610: 608: 607: 605: 604: 597: 589: 588: 587: 585: 584: 582: 581: 574: 569: 562: 554: 553: 552: 550: 546: 545: 542: 538: 537: 527: 523: 522: 518: 517: 514: 513: 508: 504: 503: 498: 494: 493: 491: 490: 484: 477: 475: 469: 468: 466: 465: 460: 455: 453:Henry Beaufort 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 424: 422: 408: 407: 391: 385: 384: 383: 382: 361: 357: 352: 351: 350: 349: 328: 324: 319: 318: 317: 316: 313: 311: 307: 306: 296: 292: 288: 287: 281:Leicestershire 272: 268: 267: 252: 248: 247: 244: 243: 240: 236: 235: 232: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 209: 205: 204: 201: 195: 194: 163: 155: 154: 146: 145: 135: 134: 49: 47: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9149: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9127:Sons of kings 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9002: 8999: 8998: 8995: 8985: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8973: 8972: 8969: 8966: 8965: 8962: 8958: 8957: 8954: 8950: 8945: 8941: 8931: 8928: 8927: 8924: 8920: 8915: 8911: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8892: 8891: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8836: 8832: 8831: 8828: 8824: 8819: 8815: 8805: 8802: 8801: 8798: 8794: 8793: 8790: 8786: 8781: 8777: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8760: 8756: 8755: 8752: 8748: 8743: 8739: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8695: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8686:Mary de Bohun 8683: 8682: 8679: 8675: 8670: 8666: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8647: 8646: 8643: 8639: 8634: 8630: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8610: 8609: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8559: 8555: 8554: 8551: 8547: 8542: 8538: 8528: 8524: 8523: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8498: 8494: 8493: 8490: 8486: 8481: 8477: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8406: 8405: 8402: 8398: 8393: 8389: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8355: 8352: 8348: 8347: 8344: 8340: 8335: 8331: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8311: 8308: 8306:Eudes FitzRoy 8305: 8302: 8300:Henry FitzRoy 8299: 8296: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8279: 8278: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8251: 8248: 8244: 8243: 8240: 8236: 8231: 8227: 8217: 8213: 8212: 8209: 8205: 8204: 8201: 8197: 8192: 8188: 8177: 8174: 8173: 8170: 8166: 8165: 8162: 8158: 8153: 8149: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8130: 8129: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8076: 8072: 8067: 8063: 8056: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8036:Emma of Anjou 8034: 8032: 8028: 8027: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8010: 8007: 8003: 8002: 7999: 7995: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7975: 7970: 7968: 7963: 7961: 7956: 7955: 7952: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7928: 7922: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7867:John of Gaunt 7864: 7862: 7858: 7852: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7803:Ferdinand III 7801: 7799: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7735: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7697: 7692: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7583:Suebian kings 7580: 7576: 7572: 7565: 7560: 7558: 7553: 7551: 7546: 7545: 7542: 7529: 7526: 7523: 7520: 7517: 7516:John of Gaunt 7514: 7511: 7508: 7507: 7504: 7500: 7493: 7488: 7486: 7481: 7479: 7474: 7473: 7470: 7461: 7460: 7454: 7445: 7444: 7443: 7436: 7429: 7428: 7422: 7416: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7396: 7395: 7388: 7382: 7377: 7373: 7364: 7363: 7356: 7350: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7330: 7329: 7322: 7316: 7311: 7310: 7309:Earl of Derby 7306: 7302: 7295: 7289: 7285: 7276: 7272: 7271: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7254: 7249: 7242: 7237: 7236: 7230:John of Gaunt 7227: 7220: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7142: 7137: 7135: 7128: 7123: 7119: 7118: 7108: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7091: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7071: 7066: 7062: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7039: 7038: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6991: 6990: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6970: 6966: 6961: 6960: 6948: 6941: 6939: 6930: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6869: 6863: 6855: 6849: 6842: 6837: 6828: 6824: 6817: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6803:John of Gaunt 6796: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6769:Sumption 2009 6765: 6757: 6756: 6751: 6747: 6741: 6734: 6729: 6721: 6714: 6706: 6700: 6691: 6689: 6683: 6677: 6669: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6643: 6636: 6632: 6627: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6586: 6584: 6576: 6571: 6563: 6558: 6557: 6551: 6545: 6537: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6514:Benson, L. D. 6511: 6504: 6496: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6473:Benson, L. D. 6470: 6463: 6455: 6449: 6445: 6440: 6439: 6433: 6429: 6428:Benson, L. D. 6425: 6419: 6412: 6411:Sumption 2009 6407: 6400: 6399:Sumption 2009 6395: 6389: 6383: 6376: 6375:Sumption 2009 6371: 6363: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6341: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6313: 6312:Sumption 2009 6308: 6301: 6300:Sumption 2009 6296: 6289: 6288:Sumption 2009 6284: 6276: 6270: 6262: 6258: 6252: 6244: 6238: 6231: 6219: 6215: 6209: 6202: 6201:Sumption 2009 6197: 6190: 6189:Sumption 2009 6185: 6178: 6177:Sumption 2009 6173: 6166: 6165:Sumption 2009 6161: 6155:, p. 82. 6154: 6153:Sumption 2009 6149: 6142: 6141:Sumption 2009 6137: 6131: 6126: 6119: 6118:Sumption 2009 6114: 6106: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6084: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6050: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6031: 6023: 6017: 6013: 6012: 6004: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5956: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5936: 5927: 5921: 5916: 5910:, p. 16. 5909: 5904: 5900: 5888: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5858: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5795: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5758: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5616: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5605:John of Gaunt 5600: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5469: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5405: 5402: 5396: 5384: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5374: 5365: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5270: 5265: 5254: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5209:Earl of Derby 5206: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5148: 5142: 5137: 5129: 5121: 5116: 5106: 5095: 5094: 5086: 5055: 5040: 5039: 5026: 5023: 5015: 5013: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4996: 4989: 4977: 4975: 4971: 4969: 4935: 4931: 4929: 4922: 4915: 4913: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4883: 4872: 4871: 4863: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4836: 4828: 4823: 4807: 4796: 4778: 4777: 4769: 4761: 4745: 4738: 4725: 4714: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4688: 4686: 4678: 4676: 4668: 4666: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4646: 4644: 4636: 4634: 4626: 4624: 4619: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4600: 4592: 4590: 4574: 4572: 4562: 4554: 4552: 4544: 4532: 4520: 4518: 4509: 4506: 4474: 4472: 4464: 4462: 4449: 4426: 4394: 4392: 4384: 4382: 4370: 4368: 4349: 4346: 4322: 4321: 4290: 4266: 4221: 4219: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4155: 4148: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4123: 4115: 4110: 4098: 4091: 4083: 4078: 4072: 4064: 4059: 4047: 4021: 4018: 4010: 4008: 4002: 3994: 3992: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3960: 3952: 3930: 3926: 3924: 3918: 3902: 3900: 3892: 3890: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3828: 3821: 3813: 3808: 3798: 3789: 3781: 3780:1st St Albans 3778: 3776: 3764: 3757: 3746: 3738: 3737:1st St Albans 3735: 3733: 3719: 3708: 3690: 3689: 3677: 3662: 3661:John Beaufort 3658: 3655: 3649: 3641: 3639: 3631: 3629: 3621: 3619: 3611: 3609: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3592: 3585: 3581: 3579: 3573: 3561: 3559: 3547: 3545: 3529: 3527: 3507: 3503: 3501: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3459: 3457: 3445: 3443: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3416: 3407: 3376: 3348: 3346: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3309: 3266: 3262: 3260: 3234: 3223: 3212: 3211: 3199: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3157: 3155: 3154: 3151: 3140: 3132: 3130: 3122: 3114: 3085: 3077: 3075: 3056: 3053: 3045: 3043: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3023: 3007: 3005: 2989: 2987: 2978: 2971: 2963: 2961: 2949: 2947: 2927: 2925: 2909: 2907: 2899: 2897: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2872: 2859: 2858:Ralph Neville 2852: 2851:Joan Beaufort 2843: 2832: 2831:John Beaufort 2817: 2802: 2801: 2793: 2778: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2758: 2750: 2748: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2728: 2726: 2725: 2700: 2692: 2690: 2682: 2680: 2670: 2662: 2660: 2629: 2622: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2589: 2574: 2557: 2556:John of Gaunt 2542: 2533: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2505: 2497: 2495: 2463: 2461: 2445: 2443: 2435: 2433: 2417: 2415: 2414: 2407: 2367: 2365: 2349: 2347: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2281: 2270: 2269: 2251: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2210: 2205: 2203: 2195: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2133:, and second 2132: 2128: 2127:Joan Beaufort 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2052:Mary de Bohun 2049: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1977: 1973: 1970:and daughter 1969: 1964: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1927:Philippa Roet 1924: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1825:House of Aviz 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1789:Reading Abbey 1786: 1785: 1782: 1777: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1623: 1621: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1586: 1584: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1450: 1447: 1439: 1436:December 2022 1428: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1400: 1397: – 1396: 1392: 1391:Find sources: 1385: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1369:This section 1367: 1363: 1358: 1357: 1349: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1313: 1308: 1302: 1300: 1299:Alice Perrers 1295: 1291: 1286: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1248:John Beaufort 1244: 1240: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1212:, claimed in 1211: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1180:Alice Perrers 1177: 1173: 1172:John Wycliffe 1169: 1159: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1003:War in France 1000: 991: 988: 980: 976: 972: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 941:Reading Abbey 938: 934: 929: 927: 923: 919: 918: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 881: 880:Reading Abbey 877: 872: 862: 859: 851: 840: 837: 833: 830: 826: 823: 819: 816: 812: 809: – 808: 804: 803:Find sources: 797: 793: 787: 786: 781:This section 779: 775: 770: 769: 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 700:, would rule 699: 694: 692: 688: 684: 680: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 655: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 621: 612: 602: 599: 598: 596: 595: 592: 579: 575: 573: 570: 567: 564: 563: 561: 560: 557: 551: 547: 543: 539: 536: 532: 528: 524: 519: 515: 512: 509: 505: 502: 499: 495: 488: 485: 482: 479: 478: 476: 474: 470: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 425: 423: 420: 419: 413: 409: 388: 381: 380: 355: 348: 347: 322: 315: 314: 312: 308: 303: 299: 294:15 March 1399 293: 289: 286: 282: 278: 273: 269: 266: 262: 258: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 231: 227: 224: 221: 217: 210: 206: 202:(as John II) 200: 196: 191: 187: 184:impaling his 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 161: 156: 153: 152: 147: 144:John of Gaunt 142: 139: 131: 128: 120: 117:December 2022 109: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: – 77: 73: 72:Find sources: 66: 62: 56: 55: 50:This article 48: 44: 39: 38: 33: 19: 8961:Anne Neville 8929: 8847:Mary of York 8584: 8312:Maud FitzRoy 8297:John FitzRoy 7866: 7823:Ferdinand IV 7784:Ferdinand II 7515: 7458: 7457: 7440: 7439: 7434: 7426: 7425: 7392: 7360: 7326: 7299: 7275:2nd creation 7274: 7268: 7264:New creation 7263: 7247: 7243:6 March 1340 7240: 7233: 7216: 7203:Thompson, E. 7182: 7158: 7133: 7088: 7069: 7050: 7036: 7012: 6988: 6964: 6946: 6928: 6901:. Retrieved 6892: 6862: 6848: 6836: 6826: 6823:Coat of Arms 6822: 6816: 6802: 6795: 6786: 6776: 6764: 6753: 6740: 6728: 6719: 6713: 6693:. Leicester. 6687: 6676: 6652: 6642: 6626: 6613: 6604: 6595: 6591: 6570: 6555: 6544: 6521: 6503: 6480: 6462: 6437: 6418: 6406: 6394: 6382: 6370: 6351: 6329: 6326:Anthony Tuck 6319: 6307: 6295: 6283: 6260: 6257:Weir, Alison 6251: 6237: 6229: 6222:. Retrieved 6217: 6208: 6196: 6184: 6172: 6160: 6148: 6136: 6125: 6120:, p. 3. 6113: 6093: 6089:Sumption, J. 6083: 6071:. Retrieved 6066: 6057: 6037: 6030: 6010: 6003: 5991:. Retrieved 5965: 5955: 5944: 5935: 5926: 5915: 5903: 5883: 5878: 5604: 5355: 5348: 5338: 5332: 5314: 5312: 5302: 5296: 5287: 5285: 5243:King of León 5212: 5211:: inherited 5131:Duke of York 5099: 5091: 5048: 5036: 4893: 4876: 4868: 4862:Anne Neville 4848: 4782: 4774: 4724:Jasper Tudor 4713:Edmund Tudor 4202: 4186: 4169: 4154:John Neville 4133: 3840: 3788:Anne Neville 3774: 3731: 3694: 3686: 3409:Duke of York 3216: 3208: 2810: 2798: 2771: 2763: 2591:Duke of York 2555: 2514: 2274: 2266: 2214: 2201: 2191: 2012:(1357–1433). 1935:Kettlethorpe 1914:. 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