382:. Although nominally isolated from the sewage in the wet well, dry wells are underground, confined spaces and require appropriate precautions for entry. Further, any failure or leakage of the pumps or pipework can discharge sewage directly into the dry well with complete flooding not an uncommon occurrence. As a result, the electric motors are normally mounted above the overflow, top water level of the wet well, usually above ground level, and drive the sewage pumps through an extended vertical shaft. To protect the above ground motors from weather, small pump houses are normally built, which also incorporate the electrical switchgear and control electronics. These are the visible parts of a traditional sewage pumping station although they are typically smaller than the underground wet and dry wells.
101:
designs that ensure reliability and safety, minimizing environmental impacts from overflows. Innovations in pump technology and station design have led to the development of submersible pump stations, which are more compact and safer, effectively reducing the footprint and visibility of sewage management infrastructure. Electronic controllers have enhanced the efficiency and monitoring capabilities of pumping stations, essential for modern systems. Pumped-storage schemes represent a critical use of pumping stations, providing a method for energy storage and generation by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations, highlighting the versatility and importance of pumping stations across sectors.
386:
vertical guide rails and seal onto a permanently fixed "duckfoot", which forms both a mount and also a vertical bend for the discharge pipe. For maintenance or replacement, submersible pumps are raised by a chain off of the duckfoot and up the two guide rails to the maintenance (normally ground) level. Reinstalling the pumps simply reverses this process with the pump being remounted on the guide rails and lowered onto the duckfoot where the weight of the pump reseals it. As the motors are sealed and weather is not a concern, no above ground structures are required, excepting a small kiosk to contain the electrical switchgear and control systems.
219:
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43:
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261:. The unit is supplied with internal pipework fitted, pre-assembled ready for installation into the ground, after which the submersible pumps and control equipment are fitted. Features may include controls for fully automatic operation; a high-level alarm indication, in the event of pump failure; and possibly a guide-rail/auto-coupling/pedestal system, to permit easy removal of pumps for maintenance.
358:
and are specially designed with a large open passage so as to avoid clogging with debris or winding stringy debris onto the impeller. A four pole or six pole AC induction motor normally drives the pump. Rather than provide large open passages, some pumps, typically smaller sewage pumps, also macerate
297:
Water pumping stations are constructed in areas in which the demand or projected demand is reasonably defined, and is dependent on a combination of customer needs and fire flow requirements. Average annual per-capita water consumption, peak hour, and maximum daily can vary greatly due to factors such
331:
if the pump merely discharges into a nearby gravity manhole. From here the cycle starts all over again until the sewage reaches its point of destination—usually a treatment plant. By this method, pumping stations are used to move waste to higher elevations. In the case of high sewage flows into the
265:
between components. The development of a packaged pump station system combined all components into a single housing which not only eliminates uneven settling issues, but pre-plumbing and outfitting each unit prior to installation can reduce the cost and time involved with civil work and site labor.
128:
work, water is lost from the upper part of a canal each time a vessel passes through. Also, most lock gates are not watertight, so some water leaks from the higher levels of the canal to those lower down. The water has to be replaced or eventually the upper levels of the canal would not hold enough
427:
Typically, water is channeled from a high-level reservoir to a low-level reservoir, through turbine generators that generate electricity. This is done when the station is required to generate power. During low-demand periods, such as overnight, the generators are reversed to become pumps that move
385:
More modern pumping stations do not require a dry well or pump house and usually consist only of a wet well. In this configuration, submersible sewage pumps with closely coupled electric motor are mounted within the wet well itself, submerged within the sewage. Submersible pumps are mounted on two
88:
canal levels, supplying water, and managing sewage and floodwaters. In canal systems, pumping stations help replenish water lost through lock usage and leakage, ensuring navigability. Similarly, in land drainage, stations pump water to prevent flooding in areas below sea level, a concept pioneered
342:
stations are typically designed so that one pump or one set of pumps will handle normal peak flow conditions. Redundancy is built into the system so that in the event that any one pump is out of service, the remaining pump or pumps will handle the designed flow. The storage volume of the wet well
389:
Due to the much reduced health and safety concerns, and smaller footprint and visibility, submersible pump sewage pumping stations have almost completely superseded traditional sewage pumping stations. Further, a refit of a traditional pumping station usually involves converting it into a modern
377:
Traditional sewage pumping stations incorporate both a wet well and a "dry well". Often these are the same structure separated by an internal divide. In this configuration pumps are installed below ground level on the base of the dry well so that their inlets are below water level on pump start,
264:
Traditional site constructed systems have the valve vault components installed in a separate structure. Having two structural components can lead to potentially serious site problems such as uneven settling between components which results in stress on, and failure of the pipes and connections
100:
Water pumping stations are differentiated by their applications, such as sourcing from wells, raw water pumping, and high service pumping, each designed to meet specific demand projections and customer needs. Wastewater pumping stations, on the other hand, are engineered to handle sewage, with
112:, are preserved as museum attractions. Examples such as land drainage in the Netherlands water supply in Hong Kong and agricultural drainage in Iraq, underscore the vital role these facilities play in supporting modern infrastructure, environmental management, and energy storage.
318:
Pumping stations in sewage collection systems are normally designed to handle raw sewage that is fed from underground gravity pipelines (pipes that are sloped so that a liquid can flow in one direction under gravity). Sewage is fed into and stored in a pit, commonly known as a
148:
Where no external water supply is available, back pumping systems may be employed. Water is extracted from the canal below the lowest lock of a flight and is pumped back to the top of the flight, ready for the next boat to pass through. Such installations are usually small.
406:(RTU) for such work, but the experience needed to solve certain particular problems, makes an easy choice to look for a specific pump controller. RTUs are very helpful in remote monitoring of each pumping station from a centralized control room with
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Canals are usually fed by diverting water from streams and rivers into the upper parts of the canal, but if no suitable source is available, a pumping station can be used to maintain the water level. An example of a canal pumping station is the
323:. The well is equipped with electrical instrumentation to detect the level of sewage present. When the sewage level rises to a predetermined point, a pump will be started to lift the sewage upward through a pressurized pipe system called a
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well (for example during peak flow periods and wet weather) additional pumps will be used. If this is insufficient, or in the case of failure of the pumping station, a backup in the sewer system can occur, leading to a
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pumping station by installing submersibles in the wet well, demolishing the pump house and retiring the dry well by either stripping it, or knocking down the internal partition and merging it with the wet well.
314:
in London. The concrete platforms used to house large motor / pump assemblies that brought sewage up from a deep main drain into several outfall sewers, taking it away from the city centre.
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system. They are suitable for mechanical building services collection and pumping of liquids like surface water, wastewater or sewage from areas where drainage by gravity is not possible.
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entry method for a hazardous environment. To minimize the need for entry, the facility is normally designed to allow pumps and other equipment to be removed from outside the wet well.
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Water pumping stations are differentiated from wastewater pumping stations in that they do not have to be sized to account for high peak flow rates. They have five general categories:
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in the UK. The introduction of "package pumping stations" has modernized drainage systems, allowing a compact, efficient solution for areas where gravity drainage is impractical.
424:
A pumped-storage scheme is a type of power station for storing and producing electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations.
410:(Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) systems. This setup can be helpful in monitoring pump faults, levels, and other alarms and parameters, making it more efficient.
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between the "pump on" and "pump off" settings is designed to minimize pump starts and stops, but is not so long a retention time as to allow the sewage in the wet well to go
370:, can accumulate in the wet well; an ill-equipped person entering the well would be overcome by fumes very quickly. Any entry into the wet well requires the correct
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Pump manufacturers have always designed and manufactured electronic devices to control and supervise pumping stations. Today it is also very common to use a
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Pumping stations are designed to move water or sewage from one location to another, overcoming gravitational challenges, and are essential for maintaining
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164:, Louisiana: Metairie Pumping Station, also known as Pumping Station 6, building, constructed in 1899, near Metairie Road and the head of the
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There are countless thousands of pumping stations throughout the world. The following is a list of those described in this encyclopedia.
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Elsewhere, pumping stations are used to remove water that has found its way into low-lying areas as a result of leakage or flooding (in
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A package pumping station is an integrated system, built in a housing manufactured from strong, impact-resistant materials such as
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any solids within the sewage breaking them down into smaller parts which can more easily pass through the impeller.
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Hamilton Museum of Steam and
Technology, Hamilton, Ontario's first Water Works, powered by two 1859 steam engines
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as climate, income levels, population, and the proportions of residential, commercial, and industrial users.
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In more recent times, a "package pumping station" provides an efficient and economic way of installing a
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Some pumping stations have been recognized for their architectural and historical significance, e.g. the
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then it is necessary to pump the water upwards into water channels that finally drain into the sea.
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and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another. They are critical in a variety of
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1111:. Jones, Garr M. (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. 2006. p. 18.2.
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if the sewage is transported some significant distance. The pumping station may be called a
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The interior of a sewage pump station is a very dangerous place. Poisonous gases, such as
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to accomplish this task. In
Lincolnshire, large areas of wetland at sea level, called
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Facilities including pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another
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understood this concept, and in the United
Kingdom they built pumping stations with
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List of narrow gauge railways at water treatment and sewage works in Great
Britain
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Pumping
Station No. 2 San Francisco Fire Department Auxiliary Water Supply System
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to the canal using pumps driven by a waterwheel which is powered by the river.
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systems, pumping stations are also frequent. Because of the way the system of
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and preserved. The majority were originally steam-powered, and where the
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Used to pump drinking water from a reservoir into a water supply system.
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When low-lying areas of land are drained, the general method is to dig
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Distributed system booster without a storage tank in the piping system
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in southern
England, United Kingdom. This pumps water from the nearby
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1169:"Barcelona City History Museum water pumping station Casa de l'Aigua"
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with the largest cylinder (144 in (3.5m) diameter) in the world.
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1157:. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers. 1970. p. 288.
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Stations for public water supply in
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470:, many of the sites have since re-opened as museum attractions.
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to processing sites. A pumping station is an integral part of a
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Source (such as a well) pump discharging into an elevated tank
616:(converted to electricity, now an arts centre and restaurant)
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How To Choose The Right Pump To Suit Your
Pumping Station
1200:
Packaged pumping stations - definitions and applications
290:
High service pumping of finished water at high pressure
454:, there was a fashion for public buildings to feature
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1000: – some gatehouses incorporate pumping stations
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433:
List of pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations
378:priming the pump and also maximising the available
336:—the discharge of raw sewage into the environment.
594:(building converted to an electricity substation)
585:(pumped from a 200 ft (61 m) deep well)
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648:(formerly steam beam engines, no longer present)
936:(world's largest steam-powered pumping station)
863:Engineer's Office of the Former Pumping Station
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1082:. Imray Laurie Norie and Wilson. p. 26.
1210:How to look after your packaged pumpstation
1080:Inland Waterways of Great Britain (8th Ed.)
914:(Operational, but no longer steam-powered.)
533:New Smethwick Pumping Station (now part of
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350:Sewage pumps are almost always end-suction
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1220:How Much Do Sewage Pumping Stations Cost
428:the water back up to the top reservoir.
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1035:Greater Winnipeg Water District Railway
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1576:History of water supply and sanitation
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280:Raw water pumping from a river or lake
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505:, on the Kennet and Avon Canal, near
215:mud that created the land initially.
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660:(now the Museum of Fenland Drainage)
527:, now removed from original site to
207:by this method. The land is full of
783:Dock Road Edwardian Pumping Station
535:Galton Valley Canal Heritage Centre
222:A land drainage pumping station in
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1028:, Eastbury Pumping Station, near
748:(steam engines no longer present)
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1045:Metropolitan Water Board Railway
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180:. However, if the area is below
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1275:Decentralized wastewater system
1026:Colne Valley Waterworks railway
883:Nasiriyah Drainage Pump Station
612:Wapping Hydraulic Power Station
496:, ruin near southern portal of
420:Pumped-storage hydroelectricity
211:because of the accumulation of
79:pumped-storage hydroelectricity
69:systems, such as water supply,
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970:Chicago Avenue Pumping Station
955:. Another is a museum itself:
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949:Barcelona City History Museum
753:Cheddars Lane Pumping Station
671:Westonzoyland Pumping Station
400:programmable logic controller
310:The now flooded C Station at
34:Pumping station Van Sasse in
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725:Tees Cottage Pumping Station
701:Kempton Park Pumping Station
7:
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833:; engine no longer present)
798:, Walthamstow, North London
744:Abbey Mills Pumping Station
632:(preserved beam engine and
302:Wastewater pumping stations
10:
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1484:Biogenic sulfide corrosion
1453:Stormwater detention vault
838:Shore Road Pumping Station
715:("Museum of Power"), Essex
707:Kew Bridge Pumping Station
667:, Stretham, Cambridgeshire
581:Papplewick Pumping Station
575:Mill Meece Pumping Station
547:Used to pump water from a
456:highly ornate architecture
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71:drainage of low-lying land
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1448:Sewer gas destructor lamp
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1078:Jane Cumberlidge (2009).
957:Museu Agbar de les AigĂĽes
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808:Old Brook Pumping Station
791:(Gas engines. Built 1913)
777:Crossness Pumping Station
759:Claymills Pumping Station
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590:Selly Oak Pumping Station
480:Claverton Pumping Station
135:Claverton Pumping Station
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911:Cruquius pumping station
796:Low Hall Pumping Station
713:Langford Pumping Station
653:Prickwillow Engine House
563:Boughton Pumping Station
557:Bestwood Pumping Station
438:List of pumping stations
259:glass-reinforced plastic
203:, were turned into rich
110:Crofton Pumping Stations
73:, canals and removal of
59:public utility buildings
1509:Sanitary sewer overflow
1408:Combined sewer overflow
1280:Drain-waste-vent system
993:Edmonston Pumping Plant
953:(MUHBA Casa de l'aigua)
934:Wouda pumping station)
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768:Coleham Pumping Station
691:, Chew Valley, Somerset
689:Blagdon Pumping Station
606:Hydraulic power station
599:Twyford Pumping Station
503:Crofton Pumping Station
334:sanitary sewer overflow
238:Package pumping station
129:water to be navigable.
1334:Construction materials
1139:: CS1 maint: others (
1108:Pumping Station Design
1064:In situations such as
1047:, Kempton Park, London
998:Gatehouse (waterworks)
829:(extracted water from
645:Spalding, Lincolnshire
643:pumping station, near
569:Bratch Pumping Station
450:In the UK, during the
414:Pumped-storage schemes
394:Electronic controllers
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269:Water pumping stations
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1550:Industrial wastewater
959:(Agbar water museum).
876:Agricultural drainage
840:, Birkenhead, Wirral
823:(now Brunel Museum),
802:Markfield Beam Engine
738:Abbey Pumping Station
719:Ryhope Engines Museum
484:Kennet and Avon Canal
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287:into an elevated tank
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139:Kennet and Avon Canal
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1183:"Agbar water museum"
709:, Kew Bridge, London
695:Edgbaston Waterworks
529:Birmingham Thinktank
404:Remote Terminal Unit
1602:Scottish inventions
1533:Liquids transported
1504:Infiltration/Inflow
1387:Vitrified clay pipe
1377:Reinforced concrete
1315:Simplified sewerage
1020:Waterworks railways
928:ir.D.F. Woudagemaal
857:Public water supply
821:Brunel Engine House
815:Underground railway
804:, Tottenham, London
746:, in North London.
678:Public water supply
665:Stretham Old Engine
657:Ely, Cambridgeshire
494:Cobb's Engine House
1540:Blackwater (waste)
1215:Prickwillow Museum
1068:and drinking water
918:– an 8-beam
885:, Dhi Qar Province
583:, Nottinghamshire
577:, in Staffordshire
542:Groundwater supply
512:Leawood Pump House
474:Canal water supply
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120:In countries with
116:Canal water supply
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36:Grave, Netherlands
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1443:Sewer dosing unit
1396:Related equipment
1367:Interceptor ditch
1118:978-0-08-094106-6
1089:978-1-84623-010-3
779:, in South London
763:Burton upon Trent
565:, Nottinghamshire
559:, Nottinghamshire
352:centrifugal pumps
168:. Now housing 15
166:17th Street Canal
16:(Redirected from
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628:Pinchbeck Engine
551:into a reservoir
525:Smethwick Engine
498:Netherton Tunnel
368:hydrogen sulfide
325:sewer force main
251:precast concrete
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178:drainage ditches
170:Wood Screw Pumps
51:Pumping stations
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278:
270:
267:
239:
236:
154:
151:
117:
114:
81:installation.
67:infrastructure
53:, also called
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1614:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1577:
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1567:
1561:
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1531:
1525:
1522:
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1512:
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1507:
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1500:
1497:
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1492:
1490:
1489:Blocked Sewer
1487:
1485:
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1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
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1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Chopper pumps
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Concrete pipe
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:Gravity sewer
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1184:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1156:
1150:
1142:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1066:drilled wells
1061:
1057:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Water pumping
1007:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
981:
978:
975:
971:
968:
967:
964:United States
958:
954:
950:
946:
945:
937:
933:
929:
926:
921:
917:
916:
915:
912:
909:
908:
905:Land drainage
904:
903:
894:
893:
884:
881:
880:
877:
874:
873:
864:
861:
860:
856:
855:
847:
845:
839:
836:
834:
832:
831:Thames Tunnel
826:
822:
819:
818:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
792:
788:
784:
781:
778:
775:
773:
769:
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764:
760:
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751:
749:
745:
742:
739:
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726:
723:
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714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
686:
685:
684:
672:
669:
666:
663:
661:
658:
654:
651:
649:
646:
642:
639:
637:
635:
629:
626:
625:
622:Land drainage
617:
613:
610:
609:
600:
597:
595:
592:, Birmingham
591:
588:
586:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
554:
553:
552:
550:
536:
532:
530:
526:
523:
521:
517:
513:
510:
508:
504:
501:
499:
495:
492:
489:
485:
481:
478:
477:
471:
469:
465:
464:steam engines
461:
457:
453:
452:Victorian Era
443:
434:
429:
425:
421:
411:
409:
405:
401:
391:
387:
383:
381:
375:
373:
369:
365:
360:
357:
353:
348:
346:
341:
337:
335:
330:
326:
322:
313:
308:
299:
292:
289:
286:
282:
279:
276:
275:
274:
266:
262:
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256:
252:
247:
245:
235:
233:
225:
220:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:steam engines
195:, powered by
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
171:
167:
163:
159:
153:Land drainage
150:
146:
144:
140:
136:
130:
127:
123:
113:
111:
107:
102:
98:
96:
92:
91:Victorian era
87:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
44:
37:
32:
19:
1428:Lift station
1418:Grinder pump
1372:Plastic pipe
1325:Vacuum sewer
1177:
1163:
1154:
1149:
1107:
1079:
1073:
1060:
956:
952:
935:
913:
844:River Mersey
841:
828:
790:
747:
727:, Darlington
721:, Sunderland
697:, Birmingham
682:
681:
659:
647:
631:
615:
593:
584:
546:
545:
507:Great Bedwyn
467:
449:
441:
426:
423:
397:
388:
384:
376:
361:
349:
338:
329:lift station
328:
324:
320:
317:
296:
272:
263:
255:polyethylene
248:
241:
229:
186:
175:
147:
131:
119:
103:
99:
83:
54:
50:
49:
18:Lift station
1499:First flush
1413:Grease trap
1320:Storm drain
900:Netherlands
865:, Hong Kong
825:Rotherhithe
789:, Cheshire
755:, Cambridge
740:, Leicester
634:scoop wheel
601:, Hampshire
312:Abbey Mills
232:New Orleans
213:sedimentary
193:water pumps
162:New Orleans
126:canal locks
89:during the
61:containing
1591:Categories
1569:Background
1560:Stormwater
1423:Maceration
1382:Steel pipe
1290:Force main
1052:References
772:Shrewsbury
673:, Somerset
520:Derbyshire
466:are still
431:See also:
354:with open
189:Victorians
143:River Avon
55:pumphouses
1545:Greywater
1524:Sewer rat
1519:Sewer gas
1514:Sewer fly
1463:Sump pump
1347:Brickwork
1135:cite book
1127:144609617
852:Hong Kong
787:Northwich
641:Pode Hole
614:, London
514:, on the
482:, on the
402:(PLC) or
356:impellers
226:, France.
209:nutrients
182:sea level
106:Claverton
86:navigable
1477:Problems
1256:Sewerage
1014:Windpump
987:See also
703:, London
321:wet well
283:In-line
244:drainage
201:The Fens
95:The Fens
1494:Fatberg
1362:Culvert
1300:Outfall
1030:Watford
974:Chicago
761:, near
655:, near
486:, near
468:in situ
364:methane
137:on the
1555:Sewage
1125:
1115:
1086:
890:Canada
732:Sewage
460:listed
345:septic
75:sewage
57:, are
1263:Types
942:Spain
785:, in
408:SCADA
257:, or
122:canal
63:pumps
1468:Trap
1343:pipe
1141:link
1123:OCLC
1113:ISBN
1084:ISBN
870:Iraq
549:well
488:Bath
380:NPSH
366:and
224:Sète
187:The
108:and
972:in
932:ir.
930:, (
518:in
1593::
1137:}}
1133:{{
1121:.
1098:^
347:.
253:,
1248:e
1241:t
1234:v
1185:.
1171:.
1143:)
1129:.
1092:.
846:)
636:)
537:)
38:.
20:)
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