1906:
1874:
1502:
1963:
1886:
175:
260:
The Quapaw language does not conform well to
English language phonetics, and a writing system for the language has not been formally adopted. All of the existing source material on the language utilizes different writing systems, making reading and understanding the language difficult for the novice
797:
speakers together to share best practices in language revitalization. A Quapaw Tribal Youth
Language and Cultural Preservation Camp teaches the language to children, and the Quapaw Tribal Museum offers classes for adults.
1106:
777:
An online audio lexicon of the Quapaw language is available on the tribal website to assist language learners. The lexicon incorporates audio of first language speakers who were born between 1870 and 1918.
261:
learner. To address this issue, an online dictionary of the Quapaw language is being compiled which incorporates all of the existing source material known to exist into one document using a version of the
837:
246:
The Quapaw language is well-documented in field notes and publications from many individuals including by George Izard in 1827, by Lewis F. Hadly in 1882, from 19th-century
1096:
1947:
2043:
845:
889:
1063:
2033:
859:
1227:
1041:
974:
302:. He also puts the velar plosives and postalveolar fricatives together in a palatal column. The following chart uses Rankin's analysis.
1940:
1540:
2028:
1878:
948:
2004:
278:
Siebert found 23 consonants in his limited research, while Rankin found 26. When compared with Rankin, Siebert does not include
1933:
1913:
183:
1011:
1220:
638:
557:
774:
taught Quapaw language classes through the tribe. As of 2012, Quapaw language lessons are available online or by DVD.
2038:
518:
673:
262:
1175:
1533:
1506:
1213:
1341:
591:
1163:
897:
1734:
1449:
689:
511:
161:
1070:
1997:
1456:
1194:
681:
550:
532:
1864:
1181:
1169:
867:
665:
373:
368:
361:
356:
1526:
687:
679:
671:
663:
584:
525:
295:
287:
279:
1696:
1557:
564:
235:
227:
95:
662:
In addition to the vowels Rankin found in the below chart, Siebert included four long oral vowels
2048:
480:
473:
389:
384:
289:
281:
1990:
1444:
1374:
1157:
1033:
986:
446:
328:
1252:
indicate extinct languages * indicates extinct language in
Oklahoma but still spoken elsewhere
1236:
618:
609:
1718:
1620:
1380:
8:
1978:
1921:
1905:
1487:
1386:
457:
428:
417:
410:
1816:
1806:
1675:
1295:
940:
323:
313:
219:
103:
153:
1665:
1351:
1324:
1312:
1290:
1285:
944:
338:
250:
1826:
1753:
1659:
1577:
1549:
1482:
1472:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1402:
1336:
1307:
1301:
1270:
1264:
932:
318:
90:
2023:
1890:
1833:
1780:
1760:
1642:
1635:
1630:
1596:
1477:
1397:
1367:
1361:
1280:
1133:
603:
333:
200:
82:
1200:
166:
1974:
1917:
1853:
1690:
1684:
1625:
1428:
1356:
1330:
1318:
1275:
1003:
794:
790:
782:
231:
223:
814:
2017:
1572:
1189:
710:
254:
204:
62:
37:
174:
1787:
1346:
1101:
786:
771:
396:
297:
137:
838:"The U.S. Has spent more money erasing Native languages than saving them"
722:
705:
632:
247:
1205:
819:
751:
715:
736:
496:
146:
130:
1970:
1962:
1885:
1518:
1240:
936:
212:
208:
180:
51:
47:
920:
345:
1190:
Quapaw Indian
Language (Alkansea, Arkansas, Ogahpah, Kwapa)
781:
The 2nd Annual
Dhegiha Gathering in 2012 brought Quapaw,
1862:
1097:"Quapaw Tribe working to pass on native language"
860:"Historical written works on the Quapaw Language"
2015:
1132:Dorsey, James Owen; La Flesche, Francis (1890).
1131:
1201:OLAC resources in and about the Quapaw language
257:, and, in the 1970s by linguist Robert Rankin.
1998:
1941:
1534:
1221:
925:International Journal of American Linguistics
265:which has been adapted for Siouan languages.
2044:Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs
2005:
1991:
1948:
1934:
1541:
1527:
1228:
1214:
968:
966:
207:, originally from a region in present-day
173:
1235:
1182:Frank Siebert Quapaw Dictionary from 1940
1176:George Izard Quapaw Dictionary from 1827
241:
2034:Native American language revitalization
1170:Historical works on the Quapaw Language
963:
918:
2016:
1109:from the original on November 14, 2021
1094:
1044:from the original on December 13, 2013
1014:from the original on December 13, 2013
972:
1522:
1209:
998:
996:
835:
1957:
1914:Indigenous languages of the Americas
1900:
1548:
979:Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics
1347:Mesquakie (Fox, Kickapoo, and Sauk)
836:Nagle, Rebecca (November 5, 2019).
13:
1879:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1125:
993:
14:
2060:
1151:
766:
637:
617:
608:
590:
583:
563:
556:
549:
531:
524:
517:
510:
479:
472:
456:
445:
427:
416:
409:
395:
388:
383:
372:
367:
360:
355:
2029:Indigenous languages of Oklahoma
1961:
1904:
1884:
1872:
1501:
1500:
1064:"Dhegiha Gathering Agenda, 2012"
951:from the original on May 2, 2024
179:Map showing the distribution of
16:Siouan language of North America
1095:Okeson, Sarah (July 22, 2015).
1088:
263:International Phonetic Alphabet
1056:
1026:
912:
882:
852:
829:
808:
1:
273:
1977:. You can help Knowledge by
1920:. You can help Knowledge by
1912:This article related to the
1450:Black American Sign Language
749:
734:
720:
268:
7:
1342:Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache
218:It is similar to the other
29:Arkansas, O-gah-pah, Okáxpa
10:
2065:
1956:
1899:
1184:, Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma
1178:, Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma
1172:, Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma
1166:, Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma
1160:, Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma
919:Siebert, Frank T. (1989).
1847:
1814:
1805:
1770:
1743:
1732:
1710:
1674:
1651:
1613:
1606:
1586:
1565:
1556:
1496:
1465:
1437:
1257:
1247:
1195:Quapaw Language Reference
985:: 125–152. Archived from
657:
631:
602:
495:
344:
310:
172:
160:
144:
128:
123:
79:
69:
57:
43:
33:
28:
23:
2039:Western Siouan languages
1008:Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma
801:
1302:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)
1138:. Govt. Printing Office
973:Rankin, Robert (1982).
825:(subscription required)
1973:-related article is a
1445:American Sign Language
1038:Quapaw Tribal Ancestry
894:Quapaw Tribal Ancestry
864:Quapaw Tribal Ancestry
211:. It is now spoken in
989:on December 26, 2016.
975:"A Quapaw Vocabulary"
242:Written documentation
848:on December 4, 2019.
255:Frank Thomas Siebert
1135:The Degiha language
900:on January 21, 2016
890:"Quapaw Dictionary"
870:on October 19, 2014
699:
307:
1772:Mississippi Siouan
1607:Mississippi Valley
921:"A Note on Quapaw"
697:
306:Quapaw Consonants
305:
220:Dhegihan languages
100:Mississippi Valley
1986:
1985:
1929:
1928:
1860:
1859:
1854:extinct languages
1843:
1842:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1728:
1727:
1652:Chiwere–Winnebago
1516:
1515:
1325:Hitchiti-Mikasuki
1164:Quapaw Dictionary
1034:"Quapaw Language"
1004:"Quapaw Language"
842:High Country News
823:(18th ed., 2015)
764:
763:
655:
654:
576:
542:
503:
469:
440:
406:
352:
251:James Owen Dorsey
190:
189:
2056:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1965:
1958:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1908:
1901:
1889:
1888:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1812:
1811:
1741:
1740:
1611:
1610:
1563:
1562:
1550:Siouan languages
1543:
1536:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1504:
1503:
1457:Plains Sign Talk
1230:
1223:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1069:. Archived from
1068:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1000:
991:
990:
970:
961:
960:
958:
956:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
896:. Archived from
886:
880:
879:
877:
875:
866:. Archived from
856:
850:
849:
844:. Archived from
833:
827:
826:
812:
700:
696:
693:
685:
677:
669:
641:
621:
612:
594:
587:
574:
567:
560:
553:
540:
535:
528:
521:
514:
501:
483:
476:
467:
460:
449:
438:
431:
420:
413:
404:
399:
392:
387:
376:
371:
364:
359:
350:
308:
304:
301:
293:
285:
184:Indian languages
177:
156:
140:
133:
85:
21:
20:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1955:
1954:
1897:
1895:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1839:
1793:
1766:
1745:Virginia Siouan
1724:
1706:
1670:
1647:
1602:
1582:
1552:
1547:
1517:
1512:
1492:
1461:
1433:
1253:
1243:
1234:
1154:
1141:
1139:
1128:
1126:Further reading
1123:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1076:on June 6, 2013
1073:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1002:
1001:
994:
971:
964:
954:
952:
917:
913:
903:
901:
888:
887:
883:
873:
871:
858:
857:
853:
834:
830:
824:
815:Quapaw language
813:
809:
804:
769:
660:
276:
271:
244:
201:Siouan language
186:
152:
136:
129:
119:
86:
83:Language family
81:
72:
71:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
2062:
2052:
2051:
2049:Oklahoma stubs
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1909:
1894:
1893:
1881:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1820:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1714:
1712:
1711:(unclassified)
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1680:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1566:Missouri River
1560:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1466:Non-Indigenous
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1441:
1439:
1438:Sign languages
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1158:Quapaw lexicon
1153:
1152:External links
1150:
1149:
1148:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1087:
1055:
1025:
992:
962:
937:10.1086/466132
931:(4): 471–476.
911:
881:
851:
828:
806:
805:
803:
800:
768:
767:Revitalization
765:
762:
761:
759:
756:
754:
748:
747:
744:
742:
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
725:
719:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:Quapaw Vowels
659:
656:
653:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
635:
629:
628:
626:
624:
622:
615:
613:
606:
600:
599:
597:
595:
588:
581:
579:
577:
571:
570:
568:
561:
554:
547:
545:
543:
537:
536:
529:
522:
515:
508:
506:
504:
499:
493:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
477:
470:
464:
463:
461:
454:
452:
450:
443:
441:
435:
434:
432:
425:
423:
421:
414:
407:
401:
400:
393:
381:
379:
377:
365:
353:
348:
342:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
275:
272:
270:
267:
243:
240:
188:
187:
178:
170:
169:
164:
158:
157:
150:
142:
141:
134:
126:
125:
124:Language codes
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:
96:Western Siouan
89:
87:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
59:
55:
54:
45:
41:
40:
35:
34:Native to
31:
30:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2061:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1761:Tutelo-Saponi
1758:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1509:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1375:Plains Apache
1372:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1080:September 22,
1072:
1065:
1059:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
988:
984:
980:
976:
969:
967:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
915:
899:
895:
891:
885:
869:
865:
861:
855:
847:
843:
839:
832:
822:
821:
816:
811:
807:
799:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
775:
773:
760:
757:
755:
753:
750:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
701:
695:
691:
683:
675:
667:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
640:
636:
634:
630:
627:
625:
623:
620:
616:
614:
611:
607:
605:
601:
598:
596:
593:
589:
586:
582:
580:
578:
573:
572:
569:
566:
562:
559:
555:
552:
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291:
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266:
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258:
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253:, in 1940 by
252:
249:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
205:Quapaw people
202:
198:
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185:
182:
176:
171:
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149:
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143:
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110:
107:
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101:
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98:
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93:
92:
88:
84:
78:
75:1 (2019)
74:
68:
65:(2000 census)
64:
60:
56:
53:
49:
46:
42:
39:
38:United States
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1979:expanding it
1968:
1922:expanding it
1911:
1896:
1849:
1832:
1825:
1815:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1759:
1752:
1744:
1733:
1717:
1701:
1689:
1683:
1658:
1595:
1587:
1505:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1392:
1385:
1373:
1366:
1329:
1317:
1300:
1249:
1197:(Google doc)
1140:. Retrieved
1134:
1111:. Retrieved
1102:Joplin Globe
1100:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1071:the original
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1037:
1028:
1016:. Retrieved
1007:
987:the original
982:
978:
953:. Retrieved
928:
924:
914:
902:. Retrieved
898:the original
893:
884:
872:. Retrieved
868:the original
863:
854:
846:the original
841:
831:
818:
810:
780:
776:
772:Ardina Moore
770:
661:
329:Postalveolar
277:
259:
245:
217:
196:
192:
191:
145:
108:
18:
1735:Ohio Valley
1719:Mitchigamea
1697:Omaha–Ponca
1621:Assiniboine
1018:December 9,
633:Approximant
541:glottalized
439:glottalized
2018:Categories
1488:Vietnamese
1387:Potawatomi
1258:Indigenous
1142:August 25,
1113:October 3,
820:Ethnologue
274:Consonants
1852:indicate
1296:Chickasaw
1237:Languages
945:143467538
904:March 14,
502:voiceless
497:Fricative
405:aspirated
351:voiceless
269:Phonology
147:Glottolog
131:ISO 639-3
58:Ethnicity
1971:Oklahoma
1891:Language
1817:Catawban
1676:Dhegihan
1666:Ho-Chunk
1507:Category
1352:Muscogee
1319:Delaware
1313:Comanche
1291:Cheyenne
1286:Cherokee
1241:Oklahoma
1107:Archived
1048:April 3,
1042:Archived
1012:Archived
949:Archived
874:April 3,
324:Alveolar
314:Bilabial
248:linguist
213:Oklahoma
209:Arkansas
197:Arkansas
181:Oklahoma
154:quap1242
52:Oklahoma
48:Arkansas
1865:Portals
1850:Italics
1827:Catawba
1807:Eastern
1754:Moneton
1660:Chiwere
1614:Dakotan
1578:Hidatsa
1558:Western
1483:Spanish
1473:English
1423:Wyandot
1416:Wichita
1409:Tonkawa
1403:Shawnee
1337:Koasati
1308:Choctaw
1271:Arapaho
1265:Alabama
1250:Italics
711:Central
346:Plosive
339:Glottal
203:of the
199:, is a
104:Dhegiha
2024:Quapaw
1834:Woccon
1781:Biloxi
1702:Quapaw
1643:Stoney
1636:Lakota
1631:Dakota
1597:Mandan
1588:Mandan
1478:German
1398:Seneca
1393:Quapaw
1368:Pawnee
1362:Ottawa
1281:Cayuga
955:May 2,
943:
793:, and
686:, and
658:Vowels
575:voiced
468:voiced
319:Dental
193:Quapaw
167:Quapaw
109:Quapaw
91:Siouan
63:Quapaw
44:Region
24:Quapaw
1969:This
1916:is a
1691:Osage
1685:Kansa
1626:Sioux
1429:Yuchi
1381:Ponca
1357:Osage
1331:Kansa
1276:Caddo
1074:(PDF)
1067:(PDF)
941:S2CID
802:Notes
795:Omaha
791:Ponca
783:Osage
723:Close
706:Front
604:Nasal
334:Velar
294:, or
236:Ponca
232:Osage
228:Omaha
224:Kansa
195:, or
1975:stub
1918:stub
1573:Crow
1144:2012
1115:2015
1082:2012
1050:2019
1020:2013
957:2024
906:2016
876:2019
758:a ã
752:Open
746:o õ
727:i ĩ
716:Back
234:and
61:160
1788:Ofo
1239:of
933:doi
817:at
787:Kaw
737:Mid
162:ELP
138:qua
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666:aː
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558:ʃʼ
551:sʼ
458:kʼ
447:tʼ
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418:tʰ
411:pʰ
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374:tː
362:pː
286:,
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230:,
226:,
222::
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2006:e
1999:t
1992:v
1981:.
1949:e
1942:t
1935:v
1924:.
1867::
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664:/
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619:n
610:m
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526:x
519:ʃ
512:s
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474:b
397:ʔ
385:k
369:t
357:p
300:/
298:ʔ
296:/
292:/
290:d
288:/
284:/
282:b
280:/
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