679:
572:
219:
97:
947:, in which a jack followed a single wrasse while it foraged for food. These associations were initiated by both jacks and wrasse, with apparently little pilfering of uncovered items, suggesting a beneficial relationship to both parties. While foraging with the wrasse, the jack increases its prey detection levels, which is useful for a species which is more adept at pelagic hunting, allowing it to be more efficient at this less common mode of food gathering.
2223:
998:
72:
826:
837:
53:
2247:
2235:
564:
1081:. The IGFA All Tackle World Record for the species stands at 7 lb 5oz (3.32 kg) jigged up off Martim Vaz Island, Brazil by Fernando de Almeida in May 2012. The previous world record was caught off of Key West, Florida. Identification of large Bar Jack is complicated by their close resemblance to Yellow Jack which grows to a much larger size, up to 30 lbs. The bar jack has a significant risk of carrying the
579:
The bar jack is a moderately large species, growing to a recorded maximum length of 69 cm (27 in), and a weight of 6.8 kg (15 lb), but is commonly encountered at lengths of less than 40 cm (16 in). The bar jack displays the typical body shape of most of the jacks, having
930:
during cyclical shifts in the climate. Young fish tend to feed intensively throughout the year, but show a peak in the spring and autumn months, while adults intensify their feeding during the dry and rainy seasons, with feeding declining during intermediate periods (winter and early summer). Daily
346:
stripe immediately below it. Other more detailed differences include dentition and soft ray counts. The bar jack is a moderately large species, growing to a recorded maximum of 65 cm (26 in) and a weight of 6.8 kg (15 lb). The species inhabits clear shallow waters, often over
1085:
toxin in its flesh, and numerous reports of people contracting the poisoning after consuming the fish. A comprehensive study of the toxin in the West Indies listed the bar jack as a species of intermediate risk of carrying the toxin, although most cases in
963:
of hundreds to spawn, with pairs of fish breaking away to spawn. Studies have found between 67,000 and 231,000 eggs are released by each female, with fertilisation occurring externally. The eggs are pelagic and around 0.75 mm to 0.85 mm in
1194:
651:
The bar jack has a gray to grayish blue upper body with a silvery tint, which fades ventrally to a white belly. As indicated by their common name, adult bar jack have a horizontal stripe running along their back and through the lower lobe of the
1357:
Reed, David L.; Carpenter, Kent E.; deGravelle, Martin J. (2002). "Molecular systematics of the Jacks (Perciformes: Carangidae) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences using parsimony, likelihood, and
Bayesian approaches".
1029:. Modern fisheries take considerable quantities of the fish, but it rarely makes up the bulk of the catch. Catch statistics are not available for most countries. The United States reports only a small catch of between 0 and 15
1076:
to the surface, where they can be targeted with surface poppers or various fly patterns. As mentioned previously, they rarely take baited hooks. The species is often used as bait for larger game fish such as marlin and
664:. Juveniles have up to 6 dark bands on their body and a darker lower caudal lobe than the upper lobe, foreshadowing the bar that develops at a later stage. At these early stages, they are difficult to distinguish from
761:. Unlike most fish live on both the lagoon and reef, there is no particular age partitioning, with both juveniles and adults entering the lagoon to forage. Records of bar jack taken from Saint Helena came from
1923: : scientific report of the ODA/UWI Fisheries Ecology Research Project, 1969-1973, University of the West Indies, Jamaica.). Manila: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management. pp.
1198:
988:
rings, no studies on the growth of the bar jack have been published. Males and females reach sexual maturity at different lengths; males at 25 cm (9.8 in) and females at 31 cm (12 in).
980:, and often form associations with floating pelagic Sargassum mats which provide the young fish with protection. Young fish often inhabit the shallow reef waters, but move offshore once they reach
745:
studies demonstrate the species is highly mobile, not lingering over one particular reef patch for very long, often moving between reefs over large expanses of sand. Bar jack often venture into
955:
The bar jack spawns twice each year, with this timing related to seasonal changes as described previously. During the peak feeding periods, the fish accumulate body fat in preparation for
640:
containing narrow bands of villiform teeth, with the bands becoming wider anteriorly. The upper jaw also contains an outer row of enlarged recurved teeth. There are 10 to 14 upper limb
801:. The movements of the species between patches has also been studied and is presented above. The bar jack is commonly taken as prey by a number of other large carangids as well as
2144:
Morris, J.G.; P. Lewin; C.W. Smith; P.A. Blake; R. Schneider (1982). "Ciguatera Fish
Poisoning - Epidemiology of the Disease on St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands".
1336:. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. Rome: FAO. p. 1438.
670:, with the best identifier being gill raker counts. The entire body has been observed to change colour to a blackish colour when the fish is feeding near the bottom.
1708:
Gratwicke, Brian; Clive
Petrovic; Martin R. Speight (2006). "Fish distribution and ontogenetic habitat preferences in non-estuarine lagoons and adjacent reefs".
883:
and small fish, while mature fish feed almost exclusively on small fish. The fish species preferred by bar jack appear to be mostly small sand dwellers such as
972:
occurs at 4–5 mm. The larval stage of the bar jack has been extensively described by
Richards (2006). Larvae appear between April and October in the
1330:
The living marine resources of the
Western Central Atlantic. Volume 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals
765:
in waters deeper than 100 m (330 ft), indicating they live in more offshore pelagic waters also. Juveniles are often found under floating
2599:
935:, and during the periods of decline to 0.5–2%, with the annual intake being 1000–1500% of the body weight. In a 1993 paper, Troy Baird reported a
2543:
2388:
1297:
628:
posteriorly; also having bilateral paired caudal keels present. The chest is completely scaled, which easily distinguishes it from the similar
2584:
2619:
507:
since 1801, with the status of the species still somewhat ambiguous. A recent study of the molecular systematics of the
Carangidae using
1025:
of the region often taking the bar jack for consumption, although it was of lesser importance than reef fishes such as parrotfishes and
612:
detached spines followed by 1 spine and 23 to 26 soft rays, with both the anal and soft dorsal fin lobes being slightly elongated. The
2530:
2362:
2401:
555:
for this fish include blue-striped cavalla, red jack, neverbite, passing jack, and pointnose, as well as many non-English names.
338:. The bar jack is most simply distinguished from similar jacks by its dark horizontal bar which runs along the back and down the
959:, which occurs through the period from March to August in Cuba, with peaks during March–April and June–July. Fish congregate in
976:
current, and grow the fastest during their first three years of life. During this early stage of life they are very similar to
1472:
Fishes of the
Atlantic Coast: Canada to Brazil, Including the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean
749:
from seaward reefs, preferring to move over the sandy substrate while in these shallow waters, often forming shoals alongside
2604:
2440:
2067:
1957:
1611:
1485:
1452:
1167:
722:
and
Caribbean, but in the Gulf of Mexico is limited to offshore waters. There have been reliable reports of the species from
2406:
1414:
678:
1259:
769:
mats, using the algae for protection. They also inhabit areas around docks and pilings. Juveniles can be caught using a
1665:
Chapman, Matthew R.; Donald L. Kramer (2000). "Movements of fishes within and among fringing coral reefs in
Barbados".
1022:
409:, a group of fishes commonly known as jacks and trevallies, which is part of the larger jack and horse mackerel family
2614:
1932:
1341:
1087:
1072:, with the species considered to be an excellent fighter on light tackle. The species is often sighted working small
392:
1157:
2556:
2476:
1630:
Edwards, A.J. (1993). "New records of fishes from the
Bonaparte Seamount and Saint-Helena Island, South Atlantic".
496:
1233:
2624:
2194:
1973:
Leak, J.C. (1981). "Distribution and abundance of carangid fish larvaein the eastern Gulf of Mexico 1971-1974".
867:
taken in minor volumes. There is significant change in diet with age in fish studied off Cuba, which may reduce
1328:
2323:
2301:
2083:
923:
2328:
2213:
734:
in the south central Atlantic, which would extend the species southern limit significantly if correct.
1289:
1134:
2561:
2481:
868:
442:
1219:
1021:
in the Bahamas demonstrates this species has long been targeted by humans for food, with the native
666:
453:, in 1793 based on a specimen taken from the east coast of America, which was designated to be the
96:
17:
1792:
Baird, Troy A. (1993). "A new heterospecific foraging association between the puddingwife wrasse,
383:
with a variety of lures and baits. It is considered to be a good food fish, however many recorded
1760:(Carangidae) on the Cuban Shelf in Batabano Bay 1. Seasonal and age related fattening dynamics".
2609:
2548:
2393:
2263:
1950:
Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes: An Identification Guide for the Western Central North Atlantic
1924:
1912:
694:, and is a common species throughout most of its range. The northernmost limit of its range is
352:
2419:
1477:
1470:
2239:
2189:
2031:
Wing, Elizabeth S. (1969). "Vertebrate Remains Excavated from San Salvador Island, Bahamas".
657:
343:
191:
2468:
785:
of the bar jack are relatively well documented, with most studies centered on the waters of
2589:
2458:
2310:
1809:
1717:
1674:
1639:
1367:
922:
Feeding intensity varies throughout the year, and is strongly correlated to changes in the
782:
450:
208:
2315:
8:
1109:
1018:
856:. The diet consists mostly of fish, up to 90% of the fishes intake in some studies, with
61:
31:
1813:
1721:
1678:
1643:
1371:
1111:
2594:
2251:
1825:
1733:
1690:
1581:
1530:
1042:
940:
742:
231:
91:
1379:
737:
The bar jack generally live in clear shallow water environments, predominantly around
2517:
2453:
2336:
2169:
2161:
2126:
2118:
2063:
2040:
2013:
1982:
1953:
1928:
1890:
1859:
1769:
1607:
1573:
1522:
1481:
1448:
1383:
1337:
1163:
462:
1829:
1737:
1694:
2522:
2153:
1850:, in the Gulf of Batabano on the Cuban shelf 2. Digestion rate and daily rations".
1817:
1725:
1682:
1647:
1565:
1514:
1375:
1129:
1110:
Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Williams, J.T.; Pina Amargos, F.; Curtis, M.; Brown, J. (2015).
790:
571:
303:
2341:
2508:
2427:
2286:
2000:
Garcia-Artega, H.P.; Y.S. Reshetnikov (1985). "Age and growth of the black jack,
1877:
Bustamante, G. (1989). "Ecophysiological aspects of reproduction of the bar jack
981:
956:
841:
660:
bar running parallel immediately underneath it. All other fins are pale dusky to
625:
621:
414:
372:
368:
218:
35:
1091:
1014:
723:
715:
691:
380:
331:
311:
296:
138:
2157:
1729:
1686:
1651:
589:
2578:
2414:
2205:
2165:
2122:
2044:
2017:
1986:
1894:
1863:
1773:
1577:
1526:
1410:
1120:
960:
896:
699:
629:
417:
148:
81:
76:
2060:
Redfish, Bluefish, Sheefish, Snook: Far-Flung Tales of Fly-Fishing Adventure
616:
are falcate and longer than the head, consisting of 19 to 21 soft rays. The
1921:
The biology, ecology, exploitation, and management of Caribbean reef fishes
1387:
1356:
1257:
1065:
903:, with the diet of the latter leading to the accumulation of coral derived
731:
617:
613:
508:
2432:
2173:
2130:
1234:"Bar Jack (Caranx ruber) - Information on Bar Jack - Encyclopedia of Life"
2375:
2295:
2227:
1173:
1069:
1054:
973:
932:
830:
802:
738:
719:
711:
552:
524:
422:
335:
1707:
931:
intakes during the period of intensive feeding reach 3–7% of the fishes
2535:
2367:
2354:
1821:
1585:
1534:
1237:
1220:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Caranx ruber (Bloch, 1793)"
1155:
1037:, larger catches are made here. The bar jack is somewhat shy of baited
997:
876:
864:
860:
695:
653:
641:
593:
434:, WoRMS and the Encyclopedia of Life which all list it as belonging in
410:
360:
356:
348:
339:
315:
307:
158:
871:
in the species. Young fish prefer planktonic organisms, predominantly
706:. It inhabits a number of offshore islands and archipelagos including
2380:
1082:
1061:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1006:
908:
904:
844:
on a coral reef. Note the slight colour change on the dorsal surface.
766:
750:
703:
645:
601:
597:
470:
387:
cases are attributed to the species, with most cases reported on the
384:
323:
108:
2257:
2199:
1569:
1518:
836:
825:
789:
during the 1980s, with nearly all of this research published in the
485:
for red. Bloch attributed the species to the mackerels of the genus
52:
2502:
2349:
2280:
1423:
1078:
1073:
1050:
965:
936:
912:
900:
872:
857:
853:
806:
762:
754:
687:
609:
605:
454:
431:
128:
2143:
2109:
Bourdeau, P. (1992). "Ciguatoxic fish in the French West Indies".
563:
1026:
1010:
985:
969:
907:
toxin in the jack's flesh. Other lesser taken prey items include
849:
814:
707:
661:
656:. This bar is a golden brownish to blackish color, often with an
585:
487:
376:
319:
292:
2445:
702:, with its range extending south along the continental coast to
495:
and subsequent family Carangidae were not created until 1801 by
430:
and the Catalogue of Fishes but the major taxonomic authorities
968:, hatching when the larvae are around 2 mm in length, and
892:
884:
880:
810:
770:
746:
727:
405:
388:
327:
168:
118:
1999:
1913:"The Biology, Ecology and Bionomics of the Jacks, Carangidae"
1030:
916:
758:
581:
482:
1467:
551:
Aside from the most commonly used name of "bar jack", other
2057:
1442:
1103:
927:
888:
786:
427:
364:
299:
1846:
Popova, O.A.; L.M. Sierra (1985). "Feeding of black jack,
1258:
California Academy of Sciences: Ichthyology (April 2008).
1881:(Pisces:Carangidae) in the southwestern region of Cuba".
852:
predator, taking its prey both in midwater and along the
637:
620:
is moderately arched anteriorly, and possesses 17 to 104
596:
is divided into two sections, the first consisting of 8
1664:
1033:
per year, but with the abundance of the species in the
1005:
The bar jack is of minor to intermediate importance to
580:
an elongate, moderately deep and compressed form, with
1756:
Popova, O.A.; L. Sierra (1983). "Diet of the bar jack
2211:
2146:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
544:, and only distantly related to any other species of
540:
were strongly related to other well known members of
30:"Red jack" redirects here. For the playing card, see
1156:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
514:
sequences strongly supported placement in the genus
491:, a common practice during this period as the genus
682:
Bar jack over sand off San Salvador Island, Bahamas
2058:Thomas Jr., E. Donnall; E. Donnall Thomas (2007).
1469:
686:The bar jack is widely distributed throughout the
600:while the second has 1 spine followed by 26 to 30
420:. The fish is still often classified in the genus
375:reached at 26 cm. It is a relatively popular
310:. The bar jack is distributed through the western
1845:
1195:"CAS - Catalog of Fishes | Academy Research"
1135:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16431737A16509637.en
636:. The snout is moderately pointed, with both the
499:. The species has been variably placed in either
330:in the south, with the largest population in the
2576:
1755:
1443:McEachran, John D.; Janice D. Fechhelm (2005).
2111:Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique
351:where it lives either solitarily or in large
1800:: evaluation of the foraging consequences".
1468:Goodson, Gar; Phillip J. Weisgerber (1985).
1009:through its range; both commercially and to
741:to depths of around 60 ft (18 m).
403:The bar jack is classified within the genus
1604:Ken Schultz's Field Guide to Saltwater Fish
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
673:
1876:
1447:. University of Texas Press. p. 280.
950:
217:
70:
51:
34:. For pseudonym of the serial killer, see
1906:
1904:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1625:
1623:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1326:
1162:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 380–387.
1133:
992:
567:A school of bar jacks over a shallow reef
2108:
2062:. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. p. 256.
1947:
1841:
1839:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1394:
1041:and is therefore taken predominantly by
996:
879:; fish reaching sexual maturity prey on
835:
824:
677:
644:, and 31 to 38 on the lower limb and 24
570:
562:
2600:Fauna of the Southeastern United States
1629:
1601:
1547:
1500:
1409:
1287:
1060:The bar jack is a popular light tackle
714:. The bar jack is most abundant in the
14:
2577:
2195:Florida Museum of Natural History page
1917:Caribbean Coral Reef Fishery Resources
1901:
1780:
1620:
1597:
1595:
1476:. Stanford University Press. pp.
1445:Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico: Volume 2
1431:
1149:
690:and subtropical waters of the western
528:, itself still often classified under
398:
371:occurs between March and August, with
2262:
2261:
2090:. International Game Fish Association
1910:
1836:
1791:
1744:
1360:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1296:. Florida Museum of Natural History.
2030:
1972:
1606:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 288.
1300:from the original on 23 October 2008
1094:can be traced back to the bar jack.
2585:IUCN Red List least concern species
1592:
1121:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1001:A school of bar jacks in open water
919:as well as a range of crustaceans.
820:
24:
2620:Taxa named by Marcus Elieser Bloch
1311:
939:association between bar jacks and
226:Approximate range of the bar jack
25:
2636:
2183:
891:or small reef dwellers including
2245:
2233:
2221:
1501:Nichols, John T. (1937). "Young
840:A bar jack foraging alongside a
588:profiles of approximately equal
95:
2137:
2102:
2076:
2051:
2024:
1993:
1966:
1952:. CRC Press. pp. 2640 pp.
1941:
1870:
1802:Environmental Biology of Fishes
1710:Environmental Biology of Fishes
1701:
1667:Environmental Biology of Fishes
1658:
1541:
1494:
1461:
1064:, taken predominantly on small
984:. Due to a lack of discernible
477:(sometimes incorrectly spelled
413:, which in turn is part of the
395:traced to this single species.
1350:
1281:
1251:
1226:
1212:
1187:
1049:. It is marketed fresh in the
829:Bar jacks herding a school of
797:, reprinted in English as the
558:
522:being most closely related to
438:, which this article follows.
13:
1:
1948:Richards, William J. (2006).
1380:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00036-2
1327:Carpenter, K.E., ed. (2002).
1097:
2605:Fish of the Western Atlantic
2033:Caribbean Journal of Science
7:
497:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
426:by some authors, including
379:and can be caught on light
10:
2641:
1632:Journal of Natural History
1548:Nichols, John T. (1920). "
776:
342:, often accompanied by an
29:
2492:
2270:
2158:10.4269/ajtmh.1982.31.574
1730:10.1007/s10641-006-9021-8
1652:10.1080/00222939300770241
1057:rated fair to very good.
869:intraspecific competition
509:mitochondrial cytochrome
355:, taking various fishes,
237:
230:
225:
216:
197:
190:
92:Scientific classification
90:
68:
59:
50:
45:
2615:Marine fish of Nicaragua
2190:The bar jack at Fishbase
1427:. February 2013 version.
1413:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1128:: e.T16431737A16509637.
978:Carangoides bartholomaei
674:Distribution and habitat
667:Carangoides bartholomaei
443:scientifically described
1975:Biological Oceanography
1687:10.1023/A:1004545724503
951:Reproduction and growth
441:The bar jack was first
302:classified in the jack
2625:Fish described in 1793
2200:Bar jack at Reef Guide
1911:Munro, J. L. (1983) .
1288:Perrota, Tina (2004).
1053:and Bahamas, with its
1011:recreational fishermen
1002:
993:Relationship to humans
845:
833:
799:Journal of Ichthyology
683:
576:
568:
2208:on Sealife Collection
1919:(A second edition of
1602:Schultz, Ken (2004).
1000:
839:
828:
681:
574:
566:
469:, or a fish from the
271:), also known as the
2004:near Cuban coasts".
1796:, and the bar jack,
1794:Halichoeres radiatus
945:Halichoeres radiatus
783:reproductive biology
730:and far offshore at
575:Caranx ruber closeup
538:C. bartholomaei
461:is derived from the
363:as prey. Studies in
285:blue-striped cavalla
2006:Voprosy Ikhtiologii
1852:Voprosy Ikhtiologii
1814:1993EnvBF..38..393B
1762:Voprosy Ikhtiologii
1722:2006EnvBF..76..191G
1679:2000EnvBF..57...11C
1644:1993JNatH..27..493E
1550:Caranx bartholomaei
1372:2002MolPE..23..513R
1159:Fishes of the World
1019:San Salvador Island
795:Voprosy Ikhtiologii
624:including 23 to 29
525:Caranx bartholomaei
399:Taxonomy and naming
62:Conservation status
32:Jack (playing card)
1822:10.1007/BF00007535
1003:
941:puddingwife wrasse
848:The bar jack is a
846:
834:
684:
577:
569:
2572:
2571:
2454:Open Tree of Life
2316:Carangoides_ruber
2302:Carangoides ruber
2264:Taxon identifiers
2069:978-1-60239-119-2
1959:978-0-8493-1916-7
1613:978-0-471-44995-9
1487:978-0-8047-1268-2
1454:978-0-292-70634-7
1268:Catalog of Fishes
1169:978-1-118-34233-6
710:, as well as the
608:is composed of 2
259:
258:
253:
249:Carangoides ruber
245:
85:
16:(Redirected from
2632:
2565:
2564:
2552:
2551:
2539:
2538:
2526:
2525:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2485:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2448:
2436:
2435:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2396:
2384:
2383:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2344:
2332:
2331:
2319:
2318:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2178:
2177:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2117:(5/2): 415–418.
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2028:
2022:
2021:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1883:Tropical Ecology
1874:
1868:
1867:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1789:
1778:
1777:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1716:(2–4): 191–210.
1705:
1699:
1698:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1475:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1440:
1429:
1428:
1407:
1392:
1391:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1335:
1324:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1236:. Archived from
1230:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1197:. Archived from
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1172:. Archived from
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1107:
821:Diet and feeding
698:in the northern
322:in the north to
251:
243:
221:
203:
100:
99:
79:
74:
73:
55:
43:
42:
21:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2560:
2555:
2547:
2542:
2534:
2529:
2521:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2467:
2465:
2457:
2452:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2428:Observation.org
2426:
2418:
2413:
2405:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2335:
2327:
2322:
2314:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2266:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2186:
2181:
2142:
2138:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2056:
2052:
2029:
2025:
1998:
1994:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1909:
1902:
1875:
1871:
1844:
1837:
1790:
1781:
1754:
1745:
1706:
1702:
1663:
1659:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1600:
1593:
1570:10.2307/1435929
1546:
1542:
1519:10.2307/1436277
1499:
1495:
1488:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1441:
1432:
1408:
1395:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1333:
1325:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1170:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1108:
1104:
1100:
995:
982:sexual maturity
953:
842:Spanish hogfish
823:
779:
676:
561:
445:under the name
401:
373:sexual maturity
212:
205:
199:
186:
94:
86:
75:
71:
64:
39:
36:Jack the Ripper
28:
27:Species of fish
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2638:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2553:
2540:
2527:
2514:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2473:
2463:
2450:
2437:
2424:
2411:
2398:
2385:
2372:
2359:
2346:
2333:
2320:
2307:
2292:
2276:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2255:
2254:
2242:
2240:Marine biology
2230:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2184:External links
2182:
2180:
2179:
2152:(3): 574–578.
2136:
2101:
2075:
2068:
2050:
2039:(1–2): 25–29.
2023:
2012:(5): 844–854.
1992:
1965:
1958:
1940:
1933:
1900:
1889:(2): 205–217.
1869:
1858:(5): 808–820.
1835:
1808:(4): 393–397.
1779:
1768:(3): 460–468.
1743:
1700:
1657:
1638:(2): 493–503.
1619:
1612:
1591:
1540:
1513:(4): 236–237.
1493:
1486:
1460:
1453:
1430:
1411:Froese, Rainer
1393:
1366:(3): 513–524.
1349:
1342:
1310:
1280:
1250:
1225:
1211:
1186:
1168:
1148:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1092:Virgin Islands
1017:evidence from
1015:Archaeological
994:
991:
952:
949:
822:
819:
778:
775:
724:Rio de Janeiro
716:Gulf of Mexico
692:Atlantic Ocean
675:
672:
560:
557:
400:
397:
332:Gulf of Mexico
312:Atlantic Ocean
291:, is a common
257:
256:
255:
254:
246:
235:
234:
228:
227:
223:
222:
214:
213:
206:
195:
194:
188:
187:
180:
178:
174:
173:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
139:Actinopterygii
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
88:
87:
69:
66:
65:
60:
57:
56:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2637:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Fish of Aruba
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2494:Scomber ruber
2491:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1934:971-10-2201-X
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1464:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1345:
1343:92-5-104827-4
1339:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:Scomber ruber
1254:
1240:on 2015-03-02
1239:
1235:
1229:
1221:
1215:
1201:on 2012-08-25
1200:
1196:
1190:
1176:on 2019-04-08
1175:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
999:
990:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
925:
924:precipitation
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:butterflyfish
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
850:benthopelagic
843:
838:
832:
827:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
781:The diet and
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:United States
697:
693:
689:
680:
671:
669:
668:
663:
659:
658:electric blue
655:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:Caranx hippos
631:
630:crevalle jack
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:pectoral fins
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
573:
565:
556:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:C. ruber
531:
527:
526:
521:
520:C. ruber
517:
513:
512:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:
419:
418:Carangiformes
416:
412:
408:
407:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
344:electric blue
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:and possibly
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
264:
252:(Bloch, 1793)
250:
247:
242:
239:
238:
236:
233:
229:
224:
220:
215:
210:
204:
202:
196:
193:
192:Binomial name
189:
185:
184:
183:C. ruber
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:Carangiformes
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
89:
83:
78:
77:Least Concern
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2493:
2272:Caranx ruber
2271:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2087:
2078:
2059:
2053:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2009:
2005:
2002:Caranx ruber
2001:
1995:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1949:
1943:
1920:
1916:
1886:
1882:
1879:Caranx ruber
1878:
1872:
1855:
1851:
1848:Caranx ruber
1847:
1805:
1801:
1798:Caranx ruber
1797:
1793:
1765:
1761:
1758:Caranx ruber
1757:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1673:(1): 11–24.
1670:
1666:
1660:
1635:
1631:
1603:
1564:(1): 28–29.
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1510:
1506:
1503:Caranx ruber
1502:
1496:
1471:
1463:
1444:
1422:
1417:Caranx ruber
1416:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1329:
1302:. Retrieved
1293:
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1267:
1261:
1253:
1242:. Retrieved
1238:the original
1228:
1214:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:the original
1189:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:the original
1158:
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1125:
1119:
1114:Caranx ruber
1113:
1105:
1059:
1004:
977:
954:
944:
921:
915:and benthic
847:
813:and various
798:
794:
793:publication
780:
736:
732:Saint Helena
685:
665:
650:
633:
618:lateral line
578:
553:common names
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
523:
519:
515:
510:
504:
500:
492:
486:
478:
474:
466:
458:
451:Marcus Bloch
447:Somber ruber
446:
440:
435:
421:
404:
402:
289:passing jack
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:Caranx ruber
267:
266:
262:
260:
248:
241:Somber ruber
240:
201:Caranx ruber
200:
198:
182:
181:
169:
40:
2590:Carangoides
2376:iNaturalist
2296:Wikispecies
2252:Marine life
2084:"jack, bar"
1981:(1): 1–28.
1556:compared".
1294:Ichthyology
1141:19 November
974:Gulf Stream
933:body weight
877:fish larvae
865:cephalopods
861:crustaceans
831:forage fish
803:dolphinfish
739:coral reefs
720:West Indies
712:West Indies
642:gill rakers
559:Description
546:Carangoides
530:Carangoides
501:Carangoides
423:Carangoides
361:cephalopods
357:crustaceans
349:coral reefs
336:West Indies
295:of inshore
244:Bloch, 1793
2579:Categories
2204:Photos of
1505:(Bloch)".
1304:2008-11-19
1290:"Bar Jack"
1274:2008-11-19
1244:2013-03-17
1205:2022-06-25
1180:2019-11-26
1098:References
1088:St. Thomas
909:gastropods
863:and small
858:planktonic
751:barracudas
696:New Jersey
654:caudal fin
610:anteriorly
594:dorsal fin
411:Carangidae
393:St. Thomas
377:sport fish
340:caudal fin
316:New Jersey
308:Carangidae
159:Carangidae
2595:Game fish
2509:Q28658216
2287:Q28658208
2166:0002-9637
2123:0037-9085
2045:0799-0901
2018:0032-9452
1987:0196-5581
1895:0564-3295
1864:0032-9452
1774:0032-9452
1578:0045-8511
1527:0045-8511
1083:ciguatera
1062:game fish
1055:edibility
1035:Caribbean
1007:fisheries
913:nematodes
905:ciguatera
807:mackerels
767:sargassum
763:seamounts
755:stingrays
704:Venezuela
646:vertebrae
602:soft rays
590:convexity
471:Caribbean
385:ciguatera
367:indicate
324:Venezuela
273:carbonero
177:Species:
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
46:Bar jack
2549:10144958
2503:Wikidata
2420:16431737
2394:10717010
2350:FishBase
2281:Wikidata
2206:Bar jack
2088:igfa.com
1830:11595226
1738:40160874
1695:44418199
1424:FishBase
1388:12099802
1298:Archived
1079:sailfish
1074:baitfish
1051:Antilles
1027:groupers
966:diameter
957:spawning
937:foraging
901:filefish
885:blennies
854:seafloor
815:seabirds
688:tropical
606:anal fin
473:, while
467:carangue
455:holotype
432:Fishbase
369:spawning
281:red jack
263:bar jack
232:Synonyms
155:Family:
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
82:IUCN 3.1
18:Red jack
2536:2390988
2368:2390989
2214:Portals
2174:7200733
2131:1364103
2094:26 June
1810:Bibcode
1718:Bibcode
1675:Bibcode
1640:Bibcode
1586:1435929
1535:1436277
1368:Bibcode
1090:of the
1023:Indians
986:otolith
970:flexion
961:schools
893:wrasses
873:decapod
811:marlins
791:Russian
777:Biology
747:lagoons
743:Tagging
708:Bermuda
662:hyaline
586:ventral
532:. Both
518:, with
488:Scomber
353:schools
320:Bermuda
293:species
277:cojinúa
211:, 1793)
165:Genus:
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
2562:304549
2482:302432
2469:122864
2466:uBio:
2446:302432
2433:643518
2407:168614
2172:
2164:
2129:
2121:
2066:
2043:
2016:
1985:
1956:
1931:
1893:
1862:
1828:
1772:
1736:
1693:
1610:
1584:
1576:
1558:Copeia
1533:
1525:
1507:Copeia
1484:
1451:
1386:
1340:
1166:
1047:seines
1043:trawls
1031:tonnes
889:gobies
881:shrimp
771:sabiki
759:sharks
728:Brazil
718:, the
626:scutes
622:scales
604:. The
598:spines
592:. The
582:dorsal
542:Caranx
516:Caranx
505:Caranx
493:Caranx
479:rubber
465:word,
463:French
459:Caranx
436:Caranx
406:Caranx
389:island
381:tackle
328:Brazil
304:family
297:marine
170:Caranx
2557:WoRMS
2544:IRMNG
2523:6XXKG
2477:WoRMS
2459:78195
2389:IRMNG
2381:82330
2329:90363
1925:82–94
1826:S2CID
1734:S2CID
1691:S2CID
1582:JSTOR
1554:ruber
1531:JSTOR
1334:(PDF)
1270:. CAS
1070:flies
1066:lures
1039:hooks
917:algae
773:rig.
483:Latin
481:) is
475:ruber
415:order
314:from
209:Bloch
2531:GBIF
2441:OBIS
2415:IUCN
2402:ITIS
2363:GBIF
2355:1918
2342:R2SV
2324:BOLD
2228:Fish
2170:PMID
2162:ISSN
2127:PMID
2119:ISSN
2096:2018
2064:ISBN
2041:ISSN
2014:ISSN
1983:ISSN
1954:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1891:ISSN
1860:ISSN
1770:ISSN
1608:ISBN
1574:ISSN
1552:and
1523:ISSN
1511:1937
1482:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1384:PMID
1338:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1143:2021
1126:2015
1068:and
1045:and
928:wind
926:and
899:and
887:and
875:and
787:Cuba
757:and
638:jaws
584:and
536:and
428:ITIS
365:Cuba
359:and
334:and
318:and
300:fish
261:The
2518:CoL
2337:CoL
2311:ADW
2154:doi
1818:doi
1726:doi
1683:doi
1648:doi
1566:doi
1515:doi
1478:204
1376:doi
1130:doi
726:in
503:or
449:by
391:of
287:or
2581::
2559::
2546::
2533::
2520::
2505::
2479::
2456::
2443::
2430::
2417::
2404::
2391::
2378::
2365::
2352::
2339::
2326::
2313::
2298::
2283::
2168:.
2160:.
2150:31
2148:.
2125:.
2115:85
2113:.
2086:.
2035:.
2010:25
2008:.
1977:.
1927:.
1915:.
1903:^
1887:30
1885:.
1856:25
1854:.
1838:^
1824:.
1816:.
1806:38
1804:.
1782:^
1766:23
1764:.
1746:^
1732:.
1724:.
1714:76
1712:.
1689:.
1681:.
1671:57
1669:.
1646:.
1636:27
1634:.
1622:^
1594:^
1580:.
1572:.
1562:81
1560:.
1529:.
1521:.
1509:.
1480:.
1433:^
1421:.
1396:^
1382:.
1374:.
1364:23
1362:.
1313:^
1292:.
1266:.
1124:.
1118:.
1013:.
943:,
911:,
895:,
817:.
809:,
805:,
753:,
648:.
632:,
548:.
457:.
306:,
283:,
279:,
275:,
2216::
2176:.
2156::
2133:.
2098:.
2072:.
2047:.
2037:9
2020:.
1989:.
1979:1
1962:.
1937:.
1897:.
1866:.
1832:.
1820::
1812::
1776:.
1740:.
1728::
1720::
1697:.
1685::
1677::
1654:.
1650::
1642::
1616:.
1588:.
1568::
1537:.
1517::
1490:.
1457:.
1419:"
1415:"
1390:.
1378::
1370::
1346:.
1307:.
1277:.
1264:"
1260:"
1247:.
1222:.
1208:.
1183:.
1145:.
1132::
1116:"
1112:"
511:b
265:(
207:(
84:)
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
