2123:
2430:, right on the outskirts of Batavia. Thousands of acres of land were cleared and planted with coconut trees, and around twenty thousand people were transmigrated to the new settlement. The development also included lands along the north coast between Banten and Batavia. An irrigation project was conducted in Tanara between 1663 and 1664; a canal was dug as far as the Pasilyan River and connected to Cisadane. The second phase of the project in 1670-1672 was the development between Tanara and Pontang, including the construction of two canals and dams to irrigate new paddy fields being worked by ten thousand new settlers. The last phase, between 1675 and 1677, was the clearing and irrigation of lands between Banten and Anyer. The scale of the project was quite enormous, spanning from outskirts of Batavia to Anyer on the west coast of Java; 40 kilometres of canals were dug, at least 3 dams were built, more than 40,000 hectares of lands were transformed into
2485:(port master) of Banten. Acquiring the sultan's confidence, he was a man of exceptional talent and vision to boost the Banten economy by creating Banten's own fleet of trading ships. Previously, Banten just took the role as trading port, while the active commerce role was played by entrepreneur merchants and trading companies. Having English traders as consultants, the syahbandar built ships and recruited crew, both locals and of foreign origin, to create a trading fleet modelled after the European model. The new European ships were ordered from an English-owned shipwright in Rembang near the teak wood producing area in northern Java, while some secondhand ships were acquired from Moorish, Japanese and European traders. By the 1660s Banten was able to compete with European companies for trade in the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. In 1666 Banten
2915:
442:
2655:
2114:— both by naval fleet and by land army marching through Southern Sumatra. At that time, Palembang was still a Hindu-Buddhist polity, a remnant of Majapahit overseas vassal, which was regarded by Muslim Banten as a pagan state. Inspired by his illustrious grandfather Hasanuddin and his valiant father Maulana Yusuf, that conquered the pagan kingdom of Sunda, Muhammad was eager to find fame of his own by expanding his realm. By 1596 the siege of Palembang was set in place, and when victory seemed within his grasp, a sudden tragedy happened as a cannonball struck and killed the king on his ship when he was sailing on the Musi River by the city. With the sudden death of the young monarch, Banten's expansionist policy was shattered, as the troops retreated and sailed home.
2722:
924:
2452:
2253:
882:
2186:
2375:. The Great Council was held and the response was the Sultan of Banten only paid homage to one sovereign only; the Grand Shareef of Mecca. As a response for this refusal, Mataram swiftly sent a fleet of 60 ships armed troops from Cirebon to invade Banten. A naval battle took place off the coast of Tanara, midway between Banten and Batavia. The Bantenese navy took an upper hand and managed to defeat Cirebonese fleet. This naval campaign ended in disastrous defeat of Cirebon. This war is known as Pagarage war or Pacirebonan war that took place in 1650. Banten was victorious, while Cirebon-Mataram forces were vanquished.
100:
73:
2943:
85:
1026:
495:
2528:
Kasepuhan and Prince
Kertawijaya as Sultan Kanoman. By doing so the Sultan of Banten disintegrated and weakened the Sultanate of Cirebon into several petty states. On the other hand, Prince Wangsakerta, who had fought for 10 years, was only given a small title and estate. The cunning divide strategy was meant to weaken Cirebon and to prevent Cirebon from being Mataram's ally and becoming a menace to Banten in the future, as it had done in Pagarage War. In the 1670s he practically acquired the
509:
481:
870:, formed by the two arms of the river. Two main streets running north–south and east–west divided the city into quarters. The royal palace was surrounded by residences of the principal minister of state, and was built on the south side of the royal square while the great mosque on the west side. Foreigners, for the most part merchants, had to live outside the royal city, that is on either side of the delta. The international trade was accommodated in the larger western harbour where
2778:
2747:(Sunda) – which probably refer to the port of Banten, was famous as the producer of excellent pepper. It was one of the main commodities of its predecessor, the ancient Kingdom of Sunda; and the Muslim Banten simply took over the established pepper trade of its Hindu predecessor. Indeed, it was pepper that attracted foreign traders to Banten; from Chinese, Moors, to Portuguese, Dutch, English and Danish merchants has established their export-import business in the port city.
2520:. On the other hand, Cirebon relations with their suzerain, Mataram, were strained. The tension culminated with the execution of Cirebon King Panembahan Girilaya in Plered, while the Cirebon princes were taken as the hostage in Mataram. Prince Wangsakerta of Cirebon went to Banten to seek Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa's help in freeing his brothers. Tirtayasa agreed to assist Cirebon and saw it as an opportunity to raise Banten's influence upon Cirebon. Using the opportunity of the
2553:
3146:
2016:
2478:. The Dutch invaded Makassar and demanded the expulsion of the Portuguese from the city. Soon Banten learned about this Spanish trade and picked up what Makassar had left. Starting in 1663, Banten trading ships laden with pepper and other commodities sailed to Manila every year and acquired Spanish cash. Ageng established trade with Spanish Manila for silver and built canals for coconut palm and sugar plantations, among other developments.
2391:
2419:. Dutch Batavia once again imposed a blockade upon Banten, since the port was the center of British trading interest in the archipelago. This time however, Banten was quite powerful enough to resist Batavian coercion, albeit not on equal footing. Banten adopted rather indirect guerilla warfare, attacking Dutch ships on the high seas by sending fireships, also launching raids and harassing farmlands around Batavia.
2236:). This new foreign-controlled town soon will become the nemesis for Banten and bears a great repercussion, not only for Banten, but upon the whole archipelago. Coen soon moved on to his next objective; to control the trade in the area by implementing a monopoly on all trading activities. In order to do this, he put into effect a blockade of the Banten harbour, which went uninterrupted for some 15 years.
2628:
901:. At that time, Banten was still under the suzerainty of Demak, and thus were obliged to fulfill the duty as a vassal state to participate in Demak's endeavour. During this venture, the Demak Sultan lost his life, and it is likely that Hasanuddin took advantage of his suzerain's death and the troubles which ensued to free his kingdom from any further obligations to this royal house.
2244:
pepper plants in the region in a desperate effort to restore peace of the kingdom. This suicidal policy proved immensely disastrous for commerce as merchants suffered the biggest losses, so much so that merchants put pressure to the court that led to the resignation of Prince
Ranamenggala in 1624 in favour of the heir to the throne, now coming of age, the 28 year old Abulmufakhir.
874:(Chinatown), European trading post and the foreigner quarters were located, while the eastern port accommodated domestic trade with smaller vessels, and where the retail market was also located. A ship-wright to repair ships was located on the eastern side of the city. Hasanuddin tried to invade multiple times during the reign of
2209:(now Jakarta) on the ruins of this Javanese town, which became the centre of VOC operation and a serious rival for Banten, later contributing to its decline. During the middle of 17th century several conflicts between Banten and the Dutch in Batavia, just 60 miles separated along the northern coast of Java, occurred.
2600:
Sultan Haji to sign some detrimental agreements; the expulsion of all foreigners from Banten, the Dutch monopoly on pepper trade, and the right to establish a Dutch garrison in Banten. Subsequently, the Dutch had the Banten fortification torn down, and they built Fort
Speelwijk right on the entrance of the port.
2368:. At that time Cirebon was a vassal state as well as the westernmost province of Mataram. Historically Banten and Cirebon are linked through their common ancestral founding father Sunan Gunung Jati, and Banten saw the currently weakened Cirebon as rightfully belongs within Banten's sphere of influence.
2508:
The closure of regional free trading ports and the free trade policy made Banten attractive for trading nations. During the early years of Sultan Ageng's reign only the
English and the Dutch had a permanent trading post in Banten. Towards 1670 they were joined by Danish, French, Portuguese Macao, and
2336:
The 1640s was the time of peace for Banten, much appreciated by the merchants. Streams of Banten small boats sailing to
Batavia supplying the Dutch city with agricultural products, from coconut oil, rattan, eggs to sugar. The English were followed by the Danish to trade in Banten; both opened trading
2312:
In 1635 King Abu al-Mafakhir named his son Prince Pekik (Abu al-Ma'ali Ahmad) as his co-reign. In the next year a peace treaty with
Batavia was signed and ratified later in 1639. In 1636, the sovereign sent envoy to Mecca for the first time, and two years later the diplomatic delegation returned with
858:
province), which had traditionally belonged to the kingdom of Sunda, and from which the bulk of the pepper sold in the
Sundanese region came. He was keen to assure himself of the loyalty of these agriculturally wealthy areas as soon as possible and to guarantee supplies of pepper for his ports, since
2160:
With the infant king and the absence of a decisive central figure, the government was taken over by the regency council. The expulsion of the
Portuguese had led to both Dutch and English vying for control of the city. The court itself was divided into two competing factions, and civil war erupted in
2073:
Yusuf chose his young son Prince
Muhammad as heir. However, not long after, Yusuf fell ill and died in 1580. The chosen successor, Prince Muhammad was only a child of 9 years old at that time and was not come of age. Thus, this provoked the first crisis of succession, as his uncle — Pangeran Japara,
2938:
at whose conclusion the protagonist's problems are neatly solved when he is suddenly informed that he is "The Prince of Bantam", and that as the old "King of Bantam" has died he is to inherit the throne. Fielding and his London audience clearly conceived of "Bantam" as a prosperous country of which
2618:
In the following years, despite occasional uprisings, Banten was forced to follow
Batavia's order and was reduced to become a protectorate or a client state. Banten's influence overseas also waned, substantially. In 1752, the Dutch annexed territories on western Borneo and southern Sumatra formerly
2591:
The young Sultan retreated and took refuge in a fortress which two years earlier he had built within Banten Palace according to the plan drew by Hendrik Lucasz Cardeel, a renegade Dutchman that become Sultan Haji's advisor. Trapped inside his fortress, Sultan Haji's fate seems sealed when, however,
2243:
Facing this profound crisis, Prince Ranamenggala called up a great council meeting. The conclusion of this meeting is; the European were to be blame for the troubles, and to get rid of them, Banten should forfeit the commodity they coveted the most; pepper. Ranamenggala decided to pull off all the
2149:
or VOC) with the aim to bypass the spice trade. Unlike the Portuguese in Malacca which at that time quite harmoniously integrated into the Asian trade system involving various states in the region including Banten; the Dutch as a newcomer had a different approach, they planned on seizing control of
2954:
Around 1676 thousands of Chinese people sought asylum and worked in Banten. This wave of migration was due to the outbreak of war in Fujian and other areas of South China. These communities generally build settlements around the coasts and rivers and have a significant proportion of the Indian and
2595:
The Dutch were only too happy to learn about the crisis within their rival's palace. They saw an opportunity to gain control upon Banten politics, and acted swiftly by dispatching the Dutch fleet to rescue the trapped young Sultan. Sultan Haji was freed by the Dutch, while his father and his loyal
2106:
Prince Muhammad ascended to the throne in 1580 when he was 9 years of age. During the reign of the young king, Banten continued to flourish as merchants enjoyed relative freedom in trade. Pepper remained Banten's top export commodity. However, the wealth was generated by large numbers of merchants
2599:
With Sultan Haji allied with the VOC, a war broke out between Batavia and Banten in the 1680s. After a year, the old Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa was forced to surrender. He was held as a prisoner first in Banten, later in Batavia when he died there in 1692. In return for their help, the Dutch demanded
2527:
In 1677 Tirtayasa succeeded in having the princes of Cirebon, previously being held as hostage in Mataram, brought to Banten. However, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa saw an opportunity to impose Banten's influence upon Cirebon. He crowned both princes he saved as the sultans, Prince Mertawijaya as Sultan
2583:
Unlike his valiant father however, Sultan Haji were reluctant to continue the fight and sought to make peace with Batavia. Sultan Haji, angered by criticism of his new political policy from court officials loyal to his father, demanded the removal of Prime Minister Mangunjaya from the court. Old
2539:
Batavia, however, could not afford to see Banten emerge and become too powerful. Allying themselves with Mataram, the Dutch waged two years of war and forced Banten to give up their control of Cirebon. Defeated and disappointed, Sultan Ageng retreated to his estate in Tirtayasa and withdrew from
2328:
Sultan Abu al-Mafakhir implemented the decentralisation policy that allowed merchants to acquire commodities directly from Sumatran ports colony of Banten; such as Bengkulu, Silebar, Semangka, and Lampung. Having tasted a benefit of trade has encouraged these ports to be independent from Banten;
2324:
The ratification of peace treaty in 1639 forced Banten to recognize the state of Batavia, forego all trade with the Moluccas, and its ships should obtain pass permit issued by Batavia. In exchange, Batavia lifted the blockade upon Banten, increased trade with Batavia, and neutrality if not Dutch
2081:
of Banten, an important religious figure and the head of the regency council that insisted on the protection of the inheritance and rights of the child prince Muhammad. The tension increased and almost broke into a war of succession, yet being undone in the last minute due to the reversal of the
2406:
were involved in rivalry to dominate the region, while Cirebon stuck in the middle. Although Cirebon had never been attacked by Mataram, since 1619 Cirebon had been practically held under Mataram influences and behaved as the latter's vassal. The Sultan of Mataram tried once again to impose his
2288:
to Mataram. Thus in just a decade, Banten had lost two of its important settlements previously acquired from the former Kingdom of Sunda; Jayakarta to the Dutch, and Pajajaran to Mataram. Fearing the common enemy has led for both Banten and Batavia to repair their relations. Batavia feared that
2422:
Starting in 1656, the Chinese merchants of both Banten and Batavia brokered peace talks between two cities that led to the agreements three years later with the kingdom of Jambi acting as intermediary. Banten demanded the right to re-establish trade with Moluccas and the Malay Peninsula, while
2239:
In retaliation, the Banten government placed an embargo on all pepper exports to Batavia. However, as the Dutch blockade was in place, they patrolled the Bay of Banten, harassing and marauding trading ships, preventing traditional Asian traders, especially Chinese from coming to Banten. As the
2650:
After the reign of Sultan Haji in the late 17th century, Banten had lost most of its power to the Dutch in Batavia. True that the sultanate still survives well throughout the 18th century with the reign of successive line of sultans of Banten, but it was only a shadow of its former glory of a
2512:
As the economy prospered, so did the political influence. Official letters were exchanged with the rulers of England, Denmark, France, Portuguese Goa and Macao, Arabia, China, Japan, Siam and Cambodia. Diplomatic missions were sent to England and Arabia, the sultan's son was sent to Mecca on
915:
Rapid economic development led to an increase of the urban population. Major agricultural developments to ensure food production was launched, by constructing irrigation canals, dams and the expansion of ricefields. The royal city itself had undertaken a major project; 1.80 metres thick brick
2834:
to convert to Islam, thus allowing these former Sundanese subjects to retain their ancient faith and way of life up until today. The sovereign of Banten was known to keep a regiment of bodyguard consisting of these non-Muslim "highlanders" mercenaries. The kings of Banten also allowed the
2176:
in the east, stripping the merchants' power altogether. This strong new policy showed disregard for the principles of free trade did not sit well with the Dutch and the English. A few years later the Dutch and English followed suit, they went to Jayakarta to establish a new trade post.
2750:
Traders coming from China, India, Turkey, Portugal, England, Denmark and the Netherlands were frequent visitors to the Banten harbour. Spices, silk, Chinese ceramics, gold, jewellery and other Asian goods attracted European merchants. Banten was a pioneer in international trade.
2061:
ascended the throne when he was about 40. He was already an experienced ruler as co-sovereign with his late father. During Yusuf's reign, his younger brother Pangeran Japara returned from Jepara in Central Java. The name of this prince describes that he had spent his life in
2690:. The Sultan refused Daendels' command, and in response Daendels ordered the invasion of Banten and destruction of Surosowan palace. The Sultan, together with his family, was arrested in Puri Intan and held as a prisoner in Fort Speelwijk, and later sent into exile in
2587:
In 1682, angered by the death of his loyal friend Prime Minister Mangunjaya, the king rode out from his retirement estate in Tirtayasa back to the royal city of Banten, determined to take over reins of power from his son, he and his loyal officials stormed the palace.
866:, he chose to construct it on the coast at the mouth of the Cibanten River. A settlement had already existed at this place as evidenced by its harbour activities, however the settlement's seat of political power was in Banten Girang. The royal city was founded on the
973:) that was serving as the sovereign's throne of the Sunda Kingdom was taken away and placed at the street intersection in the royal square of Banten, thus marking the end of the Sundanese dynasty. Henceforth, this stone was to serve as the Banten sovereign's throne.
2855:
religious school were established in the kingdom, with the pesantren of Kasunyatan was among the most prestigious one, established south of the city in the 16th century under the patronage of king Maulana Muhammad and was led by the king's own religious teacher.
2150:
the spice trade from the Far East up to Europe. The Portuguese and the Dutch fought fiercely for influence in Banten in the early 17th century, which erupted into a full-scale naval battle on Bay of Banten in 1601, in which the Portuguese fleet was crushed.
2122:
2337:
office in Banten, established their trading ports in coastal India, and revived the once thriving trade of Indian colourful clothes. The lucrative trade with China, that once was very strong however, was not recovered since it was taken over by Batavia.
2829:
of Sunda Kingdom was achieved by military means. It was said that the Sundanese prisoners were spared only if they converted to Islam. Nevertheless, the kings of Banten demonstrated their tolerance by not interfering and forcing the native inlanders
2950:
Religious tolerance in Banten is well developed. Although dominated by Muslims, certain communities were allowed to build their facilities of worship, where around 1673 several temples had been established in the area around the port of Banten.
2332:
The Dutch grew mightier in the region that in 1641 manage to capture Malacca, which led to the disperse of Portuguese merchants elsewhere. Some of them find refuge in Makassar which employed by its king to generate trade in eastern Indonesia.
821:, the king of Sunda at that time was powerless to prevent this takeover and signed a peace treaty with Demak and Cirebon in 1531. Gunungjati crowned Hasanudin as the temenggong of Banten with authority bestowed by the Sultan of Demak
2579:
with all European powers, but his son wanted close relations with the Dutch in Batavia. Ageng's independence is shown in the letter to the Danish king mentioned above, offering to trade pepper from Banten for firearms and gunpowder.
2584:
Sultan Tirtayasa to demonstrate his support for his son, and in an effort to avoid any conflict, agreed for the exile of his political mentor, only to learn that several weeks later his loyal long standing friend has been murdered.
2264:
is marked with an intense and vigorous relations with both Batavia and Mataram. In 1628, the English returned to Banten, which helped the commerce in Banten against their common rival, the Dutch in Batavia. Towards the end of 1620s
2509:
Chinese from Amoy and Taiwan. Moreover, the English, Danish and Portuguese trading ships from India revived the archipelagic trade with Coromandel coast, as large numbers of Indian traders returned to Banten to sell their fabrics.
2436:, about 30,000 people were resettled and large numbers of villages created, and two new towns were planned. In 1678 Sultan Ageng created a new palace right in the heart of the newly improved lands in Tirtayasa village. The term
2513:
Banten's own ship. The shining prestige of the Banten court throughout the archipelago led regional rulers to ask Banten for help and intervention in particular matters, such as Banten involvement in Cirebon's political affair.
3096:
3074:
681:
in 1479, succeeding his uncle and father-in-law Prince Cakrabuana who had also founded Cirebon town in 1445. In 1482 Gunungjati sent a letter to his grandfather, proclaiming independence of Cirebon from Sunda. According to the
669:(Sharif Hidayatullah). He was part of the educated class of Muslim legal scholars who was educated in the Middle East. In the early 16th century, Gunungjati arrived in the town of Banten Girang with the intention of spreading
2097:
nobilities who favoured strong government control. The rise of the child prince as the successor was a victory for the liberals which saw more years of economic liberty without too much interference from the royal household.
2340:
Nevertheless, the state of Banten has regained its prestige as an important trading emporium in the archipelago. As its wealth restored, Banten has established diplomatic relations with neighboring kingdoms; from Palembang,
3102:
2240:
result, bulks of unwanted pepper sacks stockpiled and accumulated in Banten warehouses. This blockade struck a severe blow to commerce, thus pushing some Chinese merchants to move out from Banten and resettling in Batavia.
3063:
2813:
around the 15th century. At that time, Islam also benefited as being the predominant faith of the Asian merchant class, that established their trading network from the coasts of Arabia, India, all the way to Indonesia.
2402:, inherited the kingdom from his grandfather in a rather favourable condition; united, prosperous and well respected. He chose his close friend Kyai Mangunjaya to be his prime minister. During his reign the Banten and
3057:
2407:
suzerainty, albeit this time indirectly: he proposed his son the heir apparent be betrothed to Ageng's daughter, while actually intending her as a royal hostage. The proposal was declined by the Sultan of Banten.
2838:
Banten was also known as an educational centre for Islamic studies. Indeed, Islam was the main component of Bantenese civilization. Islamic religious ceremonies, festivals and also Islamic customs – the prince's
2493:, reestablishing the ancient trade link with mainland China. Banten was able to trade directly with Mecca, Gujarat, the Coromandel coast, Bengal, Siam, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Taiwan and Japan, and also set up
2414:
erupted in Europe, which subsequently affected Batavian relations with English trading interests in Banten. The war reflected with the fierce trading competition and clashes between Dutch East India Company and
2293:
to unite Java. Ultimately Mataram failed to capture Batavia. Later Mataram was gradually weakened through struggle of successions of Javanese princes and Dutch involvements in internal Mataram court affair.
2231:
stormed and burnt Jayakarta to the ground and ousted Banten authority from the city. From its ashes they established the first Dutch foothold in the archipelago, the fortified port town of Batavia (now
2382:, was chosen to be his successor. A year later in 1651, old Sultan Abu al-Mufakhir died, thus at the age of 25, Sultan Ageng replacing his grandfather and rose to become the sole sovereign of Banten.
2906:. This religious prestige has made Banten – together with Aceh, a sense of belonging within the larger Islamic ummah, and made the kingdom as one of the prominent Islamic polity in the archipelago.
3084:
908:, a former enemy that despite their political rivalry, saw Portuguese fleets trading in Banten for pepper. According to tradition, the development of this kingdom was managed by Hasanuddin's son,
2955:
Arab communities . Meanwhile in Banten several European community groups such as Britain, the Netherlands, France, Denmark and Portugal have also built lodgings and warehouses around Ci Banten.
3130:
391:
272:
378:
2317:" bestowed by the Grand Shareef of Mecca upon the king of Banten. This was the first sultan title officially bestowed by Mecca upon the king of Java, which much to the dismay of the powerful
958:). The already-weakened kingdom put up little resistance and henceforth Banten ruled over the territory of the former Kingdom of Sunda west of the Citarum River. Geusan Ulun, the ruler of
3051:
3025:
862:
Having established control over the ports and the pepper trade, Hasanuddin decided to build a new capital, to symbolise the new era which was beginning. On the advice of his father,
737:(Chi Manuk or Cimanuk), this is Sunda, because the river of Chi Manuk is the limit of both kingdoms. Now comes Java and we must speak of the kings within the hinterland. The land of
3771:
2592:
he managed to send a message to Batavia urging the Dutch to intervene immediately. Indeed, Cardeel's influence was crucial in Sultan Haji decision to appeal for Dutch intervention.
2378:
Also in 1650, the heir apparent and also the co-reign Abu al-Ma'ali, died without ascending the throne of his father Abu al-Mafakhir. Ma'ali's son, Prince Surya, the future Sultan
962:, refused to acknowledge Banten's authority over the former territory of Sunda and proclaimed his kingdom as the successor of Sunda. Sumedang Larang would later become part of the
4376:
2364:, improving city fortifications and buying cannons. In 1644 the ambassador of Mataram arrived and proposed an alliance, which was declined by Banten that now set their eyes on
2301:. The English was the primary buyer, while the Chinese merchants and settlers concentrated in Kelapadua village has established possibly the first sugar plantation in Java.
2444:", which properly describes the sultan's pride project. This new idyllic farmland abode has led to the nickname of the sultan, who was thenceforth famously known as Sultan
2134:
was still a few months old, when a few months after the king's death, a new faction of European merchant fleets arrived in Banten. On 27 June 1596 Dutch trade ships led by
3005:
2153:
Other Europeans were soon to follow. The English, who started to sail to the East Indies from around 1600, established a permanent trading post in Banten in 1602 under
889:
After 20 years the new dynasty was so firmly established that Hasanuddin had no hesitation in leaving the kingdom in 1546 to take part in a military expedition against
3591:
456:
428:
99:
2110:
Feeling confident of the wealth and the power of his kingdom, the youthful 25 year-old King Muhammad in 1596 launched a military campaign against the principality of
692:, a Portuguese explorer, it was reported that the port of Banten still belonged to the Hindu Kingdom of Sunda, while Cirebon had been established as an Islamic state.
2077:
This created two factions in Banten's court; one led by the Prime Minister of the late Yusuf that supported Pangeran Japara, while the other faction was led by the
3116:
3090:
1726:
3877:
Milton, Giles (1999). Nathaniel's Nutmeg or, The True and Incredible Adventures of the Spice Trader Who Changed the Course of History. New York: Penguin Books.
2651:
cosmopolitan port city. By that time Banten was overshadowed by the neighboring port city of Batavia, and was treated as a client state or protectorate of VOC.
814:
to capture these towns. Subsequently, the Portuguese fleet that intended to establish a coastal fortress was defeated by the combined Cirebon and Demak forces.
4459:
799:
2662:
By 1800, a major change occurred; the Dutch East India Company went bankrupt, and its possessions were nationalized by the Netherlands as their colony, the
4442:
3912:
2710:
2107:
from the ports of the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea that was flocking to Banten. The influx of traders filled the tax income of Banten's treasury.
2891:
2297:
Between 1629 and 1631, a major agricultural project were underway; digging canals, building dams etc. to produce rice as well as a new export commodity;
3312:
2801:
with a new Islamic kingdom. Although, a more pragmatic reason was more possible; a geopolitical move to prevent Muslim's rival; the Catholic Christian
2596:
men retreated to the interior of the land to reorganize their struggle against Sultan Haji and the Dutch. Civil war ensued for several years to come.
2138:, the first Dutch fleet to arrive in East Indies, landed in Banten. On its return to the Netherlands, the voyage (1595–97) generated a modest profit.
636:
Prior to 1526, a settlement called Banten was situated about ten kilometres inland from the coast on the Cibanten River, in what is today a suburb of
4338:
1706:
2289:
possible Muslim alliance would put Banten into Mataram camp, while Banten feared that their kingdom would become the next target for the ambitious
1686:
2679:
2044:
2168:
Ranamanggala restored the state's authority on commercial affairs; levying taxes, imposing prices and the volume of trade. He also exiled the
4464:
875:
4481:
3735:
1775:
951:
818:
3779:
904:
From the 1550s onwards the kingdom enjoyed a period of great prosperity. Trade saw a significant growth due to the flourishing trade with
644:, meaning "Upper Banten" owing to its location. This town previously was a native Hindu Sundanese principality that was held under the
2524:
against Mataram, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa secretly supported the revolt and managed to weaken Mataram and save the two Cirebon princes.
825:
who, in turn, offered Hasanudin his sister's hand in marriage. This resulted in the establishment of a new dynasty and a new kingdom.
4572:
4447:
2615:) and reduced Banten's power substantially, making it a protectorate of the VOC. Although nominally independent, its power was gone.
2085:
Claude Guillot, a historian on Banten, argues that in the Banten court there was two competing factions; the liberals represented by
4552:
3905:
284:
2890:
By the 19th century, the majority of Indonesian scholars that study and even teach in Mecca were of Banten origin; such as Sheikh
2914:
2654:
2847:
or religious judge of Banten, also holds authoritative power and enjoyed important position within Banten's court. Numbers of
3667:
3551:
3429:
1820:
3599:
3419:
3368:
2371:
In 1650, two diplomatic missions from Mataram arrived at Banten, they demanded Banten sovereign to submit to Mataram king's
829:(currently part of Serang town) was the capital of this kingdom, and was held as a province under the Sultanate of Cirebon.
4557:
1961:
923:
601:, the kingdom reached its apogee in the late 16th and mid-17th centuries. By the late 17th century, it was overshadowed by
2817:
However, to suggest that Islam spread within Western Java as an entirely peaceful process is inaccurate as the capture of
916:
ramparts were built encircling the entire city which spanned 8 kilometres. Maulana Yusuf also led the construction of the
3898:
3404:
Kasepuhan yang tumbuh di atas yang luruh: pengelolaan lingkungan secara tradisional di kawasan Gunung Halimun, Jawa Barat
1921:
17:
3189:
4567:
2037:
1983:
2321:
of Mataram that subsequently also sent envoys to Mecca to acquire this much coveted honorific title of Islamic world.
3882:
3851:
3830:
3510:
3352:
3296:
3270:
1941:
2733:, thus its international trade mainly consists of this product. At least since the 13th century, the Chinese record
2721:
1976:
1966:
1956:
1951:
1931:
4218:
2898:. He was a native of Tanara that wrote several works in Arabic and taught as a professor in Mecca and became the
2883:
pilgrim. These actions demonstrate a symbolic gesture that Banten holds an important prestige within the larger
2423:
Batavia demanded the extradition of fugitives that found refuge in Banten. The peace treaty was signed in 1659.
859:
it was on this spice that all international trade was based and, hence, in which the wealth of his kingdom lay.
3841:
3164:
2843:
for example, were observed faithfully and held in such great importance and festivities. After the sultan, the
2329:
Bengkulu rebelled in 1640 while Lampung rebelled in 1641 and 1644, all of them were crushed by Banten's force.
2252:
1993:
1785:
1033:
817:
Gunungjati and his son settled in Banten Girang, and took control of both the port of Banten and Kelapa, while
84:
3402:
3286:
2451:
4577:
3385:
2305:
has been a familiar plant in Java since ancient times, as image of sugarcane can be found in the 9th century
2030:
1998:
1988:
1971:
1936:
1860:
1830:
1765:
1595:
1298:
1121:
1005:
3316:
2462:
By the 1660s both Batavia and Banten embarked on expansionist policy. Batavia invaded Palembang in 1659 and
2426:
Beginning in 1653 Sultan Ageng launched agricultural reform, including developing new settlements along the
3862:
Sumber-sumber asli sejarah Jakarta, Jilid I: Dokumen-dokumen sejarah Jakarta sampai dengan akhir abad ke-16
3500:
2985:
1614:
1307:
248:
1840:
72:
2851:
hailed from India and Arabia were invited to Banten to spread their knowledge in religious matters. The
2470:. Previously Makassar, with the help of Portuguese merchants, had established trade with the Spanish in
4582:
4562:
4063:
3621:
Gallop, Annabel (November 2003). "Seventeenth-century Indonesian letters in the public record office".
2416:
2218:
2206:
1795:
959:
881:
602:
502:
3820:
3260:
954:, the Sundanese ruler at that time, decided to move the center of government to Pulasari (present-day
3709:
3031:
3015:
2964:
2481:
Sultan Ageng appointed a Chinese man named Kaytsu as the minister of foreign trade, who was also the
2261:
2142:
2131:
1946:
912:, who had become co-sovereign with his father, following a custom long practised in the archipelago.
260:
229:
4476:
4208:
3871:
The Sunda Kingdom of West Java From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with the Royal Center of Bogor
3546:. Penerbit Buku Kompas, PT Kompas Media Nusantara, Jakarta Indonesia. November 2008. pp. 1–2.
3169:
2895:
2766:
2270:
2224:
2194:
1926:
1347:
628:
is an important destination for tourists and for pilgrims from across Indonesia and from overseas.
365:
324:
2309:
bas relief. However, this was the first time that the sugar reached this large plantation scale.
822:
791:
2995:
2809:
that targeted the ruling class was also an instrumental action that contributed to the spread of
2706:
2675:
2360:
The trade with English and Danish had enabled Banten to buy arms and developed troops of trained
2318:
2185:
2058:
1093:
2474:, acquiring Spanish coins and silver from South America brought to the Philippines by the famed
4486:
2782:
2667:
2494:
928:
917:
625:
613:
3342:
4250:
4203:
3291:(in Indonesian). Pemerintah Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, Dinas Museum dan Pemugaran. 1997.
3041:
2934:
2903:
2572:
1850:
1577:
1042:
976:
When Hasanuddin died in 1570, the royal kingdom of Banten comprised all of Sunda, except for
934:
Also during this period, Hasanuddin decided to launch the final blow to what remained of the
2560:
4503:
4493:
4366:
4348:
4285:
4213:
4183:
4073:
4048:
4038:
3159:
2978:
2713:
to give up his throne. This was the final blow that marked the end of Sultanate of Banten.
2670:, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies in 1808–1810, commissioned the construction of
2533:
2365:
2198:
1878:
1641:
1604:
1557:
1487:
1457:
1427:
1397:
1014:
678:
2603:
The result of civil war and Batavia involvement was disastrous for Banten: the VOC gained
2157:. In 1603, the first permanent Dutch trading post in Indonesia was established in Banten.
950:, the kingdom, already deprived of its trading revenues, was of symbolic importance only.
8:
4498:
4452:
4290:
4280:
4275:
4240:
4193:
3753:
2521:
2135:
1696:
1661:
1527:
1447:
1317:
652:
192:
4526:
4518:
4508:
4333:
4318:
4198:
4068:
3997:
3942:
3638:
2942:
2810:
2802:
1901:
1886:
1547:
1517:
1437:
1357:
1190:
955:
905:
898:
878:, however his efforts failed due to the strong defense employed by the Sundanese army.
670:
540:
197:
180:
2761:, in search of pepper. The trade relation is evident in two letters written by Sultan
1025:
4371:
4308:
4188:
4168:
4127:
4058:
4053:
3878:
3847:
3826:
3663:
3642:
3547:
3506:
3425:
3348:
3292:
3266:
2702:
2663:
2635:
2517:
2455:
2403:
2266:
1736:
1716:
1497:
1387:
1377:
1337:
1072:
963:
606:
488:
447:
342:
130:
4531:
4260:
4163:
3967:
3630:
3151:
2970:
2411:
2354:
2274:
2020:
1896:
1651:
1477:
1160:
939:
935:
863:
843:
666:
645:
583:
560:
474:
309:
202:
2879:, thus made Sultan Haji as the first sovereign in the archipelago to ever go on a
2466:
in 1661, while in 1661 Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa extended Banten's rule to Landak in
4245:
4178:
4173:
4043:
3992:
3982:
3657:
2868:
2794:
2762:
2671:
2658:
The ruins of Kaibon palace, the former residence of Banten Sultan's queen mother.
2568:
2467:
2445:
2399:
2379:
2346:
2154:
2067:
1891:
1632:
1507:
1407:
1367:
1200:
795:
774:
461:
137:
3634:
2785:, the remnant of Banten Sultanate, a popular destination for Indonesian Muslims.
4469:
4437:
4429:
4361:
4153:
4112:
3987:
3972:
3952:
2929:
2475:
2427:
2342:
2269:
grew to become a dominant power in Java and was involved in power contest with
1567:
1537:
1417:
1240:
1170:
656:
594:
186:
3344:
The Suma Oriental of Tome Pires: An Account of the East, from Red Sea to China
4546:
4012:
3947:
3890:
2818:
2798:
2691:
1220:
909:
850:, especially pepper. One of his earliest decisions was to travel to southern
684:
641:
571:
433:
329:
3338:
2729:
The sultanate's economy was built mainly upon its most important commodity;
689:
4356:
4017:
2860:
2840:
2835:
construction of Chinese folk temples and Christian churches for merchants.
2831:
2822:
2806:
2777:
2740:
2730:
2350:
2290:
2202:
2066:, the late king Hasanuddin had entrusted his younger son under the care of
1210:
1140:
1103:
947:
811:
790:
Although at first well received by the Sunda authorities, once news of the
730:
598:
150:
146:
109:
3683:
3069:
Sultan Syarifuddin Ratu Wakil, in effect Ratu Syarifah Fatimah 1750 – 1752
4270:
4265:
4158:
4102:
2735:
2701:
that the Sultanate of Banten had been absorbed into the territory of the
2687:
2541:
2486:
2390:
1327:
1250:
1052:
867:
847:
2871:. Sultan Ageng also sent Banten's first ocean-going ship to the port of
2552:
4386:
4313:
4232:
4002:
2758:
2576:
2441:
2432:
2372:
1270:
826:
674:
621:
164:
2212:
992:. Trade was expanding to become one of the largest in Southeast Asia.
4137:
4007:
3977:
3962:
3347:(1990 ed.). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 166.
2852:
2826:
2612:
2361:
2325:
assistance in the event of possible attack by Mataram in the future.
2306:
2302:
2281:
2228:
2173:
2111:
1280:
1230:
1180:
1083:
894:
803:
722:
567:
527:
105:
4404:
4399:
4300:
4132:
3957:
3813:
The Sultanate of Banten AD 1750-1808: A Social and Cultural History
2864:
2797:
decision to capture Banten in 1527, and supplant the ancient Hindu
2608:
2463:
2285:
1062:
989:
890:
807:
766:
126:
3373:(in Indonesian). Kantor Sensus dan Statistik D.K.I. Jakarta. 1980.
842:
Sultan Hasanuddin planned on reviving the fortunes of the ancient
4409:
4107:
4087:
3662:(in Indonesian). Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. pp. 300–301.
2754:
2686:
and to provide labour to build a new port planned to be built at
2639:
2529:
2233:
2193:
After conflict with the Dutch over the pepper trade in 1619, the
2126:
The reception of Cornelis de Houtman in Java in 1596 by Paulides.
2074:
was eager to replace his late brother as the new king of Banten.
1150:
985:
981:
977:
855:
851:
742:
587:
123:
2697:
On 22 November 1808, Daendels declared from his headquarters in
4419:
4414:
4122:
3447:
The Globe Encompassed: The Age of European Discovery, 1500–1700
2872:
2698:
2631:
2502:
2490:
2471:
2314:
2247:
2165:
nobles, Prince Ranamanggala ascended to power as a new regent.
2063:
1260:
637:
617:
168:
2627:
4394:
4328:
4255:
4117:
3502:
International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania
2884:
2876:
2848:
2790:
2683:
2643:
2604:
2498:
2298:
2082:
Prime Minister who withdrew his support for Pangeran Japara.
1130:
943:
758:
661:
563:
214:
2385:
4323:
3927:
3533:(1947:280) notes that Valentijn had been in Banten in 1694.
2899:
2880:
2844:
2805:
to ever established their base in Java. The role of Muslim
2078:
995:
575:
2516:
By that time, Banten enjoyed a favourable relation with
2161:
1602. Peace was not restored until 1609 when one of the
2057:
After the death of Hasanuddin in 1570 at 70 years old,
806:
commanded this military operation in 1527, just as the
554:
3684:"Syekh Nawawi al-Bantani, Alimnya Ulama di Tanah Suci"
3544:
Ekspedisi Anjer-Panaroekan, Laporan Jurnalistik Kompas
2540:
government affairs, leaving his son, the co-sovereign
2101:
3370:
Jakarta Dalam Angka: Statistical Year Book of Jakarta
920:, perhaps built upon an older and simpler structure.
3141:
3131:
Sultan Muhammad ibn Muhammad Muhyiddin Zainussalihin
2705:. In 1813 the Banten Sultanate ceased to exist when
3097:
Sultan Abu al-Fath Muhammad Muhyiddin Zainussalihin
2213:
The loss of Jayakarta and the rise of Dutch Batavia
3736:"Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin, Sultan Banten Pertama"
837:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3103:Sultan Abu al-Nashar Muhammad Ishaq Zainulmutaqin
4544:
3315:(in Indonesian). Cirebon Regency. Archived from
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3075:Sultan Abu al-Ma'ali Muhammad Wasi Zainal Alimin
3064:Sultan Abu al-Fathi Muhammad Syifa Zainul Arifin
2725:Market trade in Bantam, circa 17th-18th century.
897:, at the request of Sultan Trenggana, the third
3846:(in Indonesian). Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
53:
47:
39:
27:Kingdom based on the island of Java (1527–1813)
3920:
3710:"Sejarah Kesultanan Banten dan peninggalannya"
3527:Beschrijving van Groot Djava, ofte Java Major,
3444:
2939:it was a great fortune to become the monarch.
2575:. Sultan Ageng wished to maintain a policy of
2547:
2117:
2089:civil servants and merchants, and the elitist
3906:
3843:Banten, Sejarah dan Peradaban (Abad X - XVII)
3199:
2038:
3586:
3584:
3123:Caretaker Sultan Wakil Pangeran Suramenggala
3117:Sultan Abu al-Mafakhir Muhammad Aliyuddin II
3058:Sultan Abu al-Mahasin Muhammad Zainul Abidin
2958:
2248:Abu al-Mafakhir's reign, Batavia and Mataram
885:Bird's-eye view of the city of Bantam, 1599.
578:; the contemporary English name of both was
3592:"Banten abounds in archeological treasures"
3400:
2793:was possibly one of the main reason behind
2280:During this Javanese campaign, Banten lost
794:in 1522 became known, Gunungjati asked the
570:founded in the 16th century and centred in
3913:
3899:
3487:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300
3474:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300
3461:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300
3109:Caretaker Sultan Wakil Pangeran Natawijaya
2928:Attesting to Bantam's renown in Europe is
2353:, and Makassar as far as sending envoy to
2045:
2031:
98:
3815:(Ph.D. thesis). Hull: University of Hull.
3659:Banten: sejarah dan peradaban abad X-XVII
3598:. Jakarta. 7 October 1999. Archived from
3581:
2386:Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, the last blooming
980:and Sumedang Larang, and all of southern
3305:
3091:Sultan Abu al-Mafakhir Muhammad Aliuddin
3016:Sultan Abu al-Mafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir
2941:
2913:
2776:
2720:
2653:
2626:
2551:
2532:area as vassal following a civil war in
2450:
2398:The youthful Prince Surya, who ruled as
2389:
2256:The golden crown of the Sultan of Banten
2251:
2184:
2121:
996:Maulana Yusuf and a crisis of succession
922:
880:
574:, a port city on the northwest coast of
544:
48:
3868:
3839:
3818:
3655:
3417:
3383:
3258:
2567:Palace disputes erupted between Sultan
946:. After losing its most important port
798:to send troops to Banten, starting the
104:Rough extent of Banten at the death of
14:
4545:
3620:
3489:, 2nd edition. London: MacMillan, p.35
3476:, 2nd edition. London: MacMillan, p.31
3463:, 2nd edition. London: MacMillan, p.29
3190:Historic Grand Mosque to get new look'
671:Islam in the then Hindu-dominated area
3894:
3873:. Jakarta: Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka.
3825:. Gramedia Book Publishing Division.
3505:. Braun-Brunfield. pp. 101–104.
3337:
3265:. Gramedia Book Publishing Division.
2875:to take his son in his pilgrimage to
2859:Among Islamic scholars in Banten was
2739:mentioned that area of both sides of
2622:
2130:The successor, the infant and future
984:, as far as Tulangbawang (modern-day
942:, its capital city located in modern
582:. It is said to have been founded by
285:Sultan Syarif Muhammad ash-Shafiuddin
3569:Memimpikan Takhta Kesultanan Banten.
3498:
3085:Sultan Arif Zainul Asyiqin al-Qadiri
2440:itself means "water management" or "
2394:The statue of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
3529:Amsterdam, 1796. Ludwig Bachhofer,
3418:Spiller, Henry J. (15 April 2010).
3331:
2102:Muhammad and the Palembang campaign
810:fleet was arriving of the coast at
673:. Gunungjati eventually became the
24:
2789:The desire to spread the faith of
938:. Maulana Yusuf led the attack on
273:Sultan Maulana Muhammad Shafiuddin
25:
4594:
3421:Focus: Gamelan Music of Indonesia
3341:(1944) . Armando Cortesão (ed.).
2682:of Banten to move the capital to
2638:, with neighbouring Batavia (now
2262:Abu al-Mufakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir
2147:Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie
705:, the town and lands and port of
651:A grandson of the King of Sunda,
612:Its core territory now forms the
4573:1527 establishments in Indonesia
3144:
2014:
1024:
507:
493:
479:
454:
440:
426:
83:
71:
4553:Precolonial states of Indonesia
3869:Zahorka, Herwig (20 May 2007).
3764:
3746:
3728:
3702:
3676:
3649:
3614:
3560:
3536:
3519:
3492:
3479:
3466:
3453:
3438:
3411:
3052:Sultan Abu Fadhl Muhammad Yahya
3032:Sultan Abu al-Fath Abdul Fattah
2811:Islam in Indonesian archipelago
838:Initial expansion of Hasanuddin
701:(Sunda) with his great city of
605:and was finally annexed to the
593:Once a great trading centre in
3792:
3716:(in Indonesian). 24 April 2021
3690:(in Indonesian). 27 March 2020
3394:
3377:
3361:
3279:
3182:
3165:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
2634:Residency after annexation to
1727:French and British interregnum
13:
1:
3805:
3623:Indonesia and the Malay World
3401:Adimihardja, Kusnaka (1992).
3042:Sultan Abu Nashar Abdul Qahar
2919:
2571:and his son and co-sovereign
2141:In 1600 the Dutch set up the
802:. It was likely that his son
586:, who had previously founded
143:Independent state (1547-1682)
3175:
2757:merchants also arrived from
1615:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
631:
136:Under the suzerainty of the
108:, controlling both sides of
7:
4558:Islamic states in Indonesia
3758:kesultananbanten.weebly.com
3754:"Sejarah Kesultanan Banten"
3635:10.1080/1363981042000188673
3313:"Sejarah Kabupaten Cirebon"
3137:
2918:Nobleman in Banten, de Bry
2772:
2548:Civil war of father and son
2118:Western contacts and crisis
1122:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
555:
10:
4599:
3921:Former states in Indonesia
3026:Sultan Abu al-Ma'ali Ahmad
2962:
2909:
2716:
2678:. Daendels ordered Sultan
2458:at the Banten court, 1711.
2417:British East India Company
2313:the prestigious title of "
2219:Batavia, Dutch East Indies
2216:
2180:
1796:United States of Indonesia
1633:Chinese Kongsi federations
688:, written in 1512–1515 by
4568:17th century in Indonesia
4517:
4428:
4385:
4347:
4299:
4231:
4146:
4095:
4086:
4026:
3935:
3926:
3811:Dinar Boontharm. (2003).
3575:, Senin, 22 December 2003
3407:(in Indonesian). Tarsito.
3390:(in Indonesian). Saudara.
3384:Michrob, Halwany (1993).
2986:Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin
2965:List of Sultans of Banten
2959:List of sultans of Banten
2946:Wedding in Banten, de Bry
2676:incoming British invasion
2189:Warriors of Banten, 1596.
2143:Dutch East Indies Company
1947:Javanese historical texts
832:
792:Portuguese-Sunda alliance
546:
523:
405:
401:
388:
375:
362:
354:• Fall of Jayakarta
352:
341:• Independence from
339:
320:
306:
302:
294:
290:
278:
266:
254:
249:Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin
242:
238:
228:
220:
210:
174:
160:
116:
97:
67:
62:
41:
40:
34:
3840:Guillot, Claude (2008).
3819:Guillot, Claude (1990).
3259:Guillot, Claude (1990).
3170:List of monarchs of Java
3079:Pangeran Arya Adisantika
2896:Arsyad Thawil al-Bantani
2867:who worked under Sultan
2863:. He was a scholar from
2767:Frederick III of Denmark
2277:twice in 1628 and 1629.
2271:Dutch East India Company
2205:from Banten. He founded
2195:Dutch East India Company
1707:Dutch East India Company
1348:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
3822:The Sultanate of Banten
3772:"Ratu Syarifah Fatimah"
3485:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991).
3472:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991).
3459:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991).
3445:Ames, Glenn J. (2008).
3387:Catatan masalalu Banten
3262:The Sultanate of Banten
3006:Sultan Maulana Muhammad
2707:Thomas Stamford Raffles
2223:In 1619, the mercurial
927:Colonial era sketch of
713:(Pontang), the port of
364:• Client state of
3036:Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
2947:
2925:
2887:or Islamic community.
2786:
2783:Great Mosque of Banten
2743:with its main port of
2726:
2668:Herman Willem Daendels
2659:
2647:
2642:) and Buitenzorg (now
2564:
2459:
2395:
2349:, Indragiri, Mataram,
2257:
2190:
2172:elites to the port of
2127:
1758:Emergence of Indonesia
931:
929:Grand Mosque of Banten
918:Great Mosque of Banten
886:
779:
753:(Losari), the land of
717:(Cigede), the port of
709:(Banten), the port of
640:town. It was known as
626:Great Mosque of Banten
390:• Annexed by the
377:• Annexed by the
261:Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
189:(trade and diplomatic)
54:
2945:
2917:
2904:Great Mosque of Mecca
2803:Portuguese in Malacca
2780:
2724:
2657:
2630:
2555:
2454:
2393:
2255:
2188:
2125:
1813:Republic of Indonesia
1679:European colonization
1578:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
926:
884:
695:
175:Common languages
4578:History of West Java
4349:Lesser Sunda Islands
3656:Guillot, C. (2011).
3499:Ring, Trudy (1996).
3160:History of Indonesia
2996:Sultan Maulana Yusuf
2979:Sultanate of Cirebon
2674:to defend Java from
2476:galleons of Acapulco
2273:(VOC), and launched
2199:Jan Pieterszoon Coen
2021:Indonesia portal
1642:Heshun Confederation
1558:Yogyakarta Sultanate
1488:Kalinyamat Sultanate
1458:Sultanate of Jailolo
1428:Sultanate of Ternate
1141:Tarumanagara Kingdom
679:Sultanate of Cirebon
3782:on 16 January 2017.
2971:Syarif Hidayatullah
2522:Trunojoyo rebellion
2319:King Hanyokrokusumo
2136:Cornelis de Houtman
2132:Sultan Abulmafakhir
1786:National Revolution
1776:Japanese occupation
1662:Santiaogou Republic
1528:Palembang Sultanate
1448:Sultanate of Tidore
1318:Peureulak Sultanate
1251:Dharmasraya Kingdom
800:Demak-Sundanese war
733:), and the port of
697:"First the king of
653:Sri Baduga Maharaja
614:Indonesian province
310:Syarif Hidayatullah
36:Sultanate of Banten
18:Sultanate of Banten
3319:on 24 October 2019
3288:Jakarta kota joang
2990:Prince Sabakinking
2948:
2935:The Author's Farce
2926:
2787:
2727:
2711:Muhamad Syafiuddin
2660:
2648:
2623:The fall of Banten
2565:
2561:François Valentijn
2460:
2404:Mataram Sultanates
2396:
2258:
2191:
2128:
1865:1998–present
1766:National Awakening
1596:Christian kingdoms
1562:1755–present
1552:1745–present
1548:Surakarta Sunanate
1518:Kingdom of Kaimana
1472:1526–present
1438:Sultanate of Bacan
1358:Pagaruyung Kingdom
1299:Islamic sultanates
1191:Shailendra Dynasty
969:The sacred stone (
956:Pandeglang Regency
932:
906:Portuguese Malacca
887:
4583:History of Banten
4563:Former sultanates
4540:
4539:
4227:
4226:
4082:
4081:
3669:978-2-85539-486-2
3553:978-979-709-391-4
3449:. pp. 97–99.
3431:978-1-135-90189-9
3010:Prince Sedangrana
2975:Sunan Gunung Jati
2894:, the teacher of
2892:Nawawi al-Bantani
2703:Dutch East Indies
2664:Dutch East Indies
2636:Dutch East Indies
2563:, Amsterdam, 1726
2456:Cornelis de Bruyn
2275:sieges on Batavia
2267:Mataram Sultanate
2227:Governor General
2201:took the port of
2197:Governor-General
2055:
2054:
1869:
1868:
1821:Liberal democracy
1804:
1803:
1749:
1748:
1737:Dutch East Indies
1670:
1669:
1623:
1622:
1605:Larantuka Kingdom
1586:
1585:
1498:Mataram Sultanate
1398:Cirebon Sultanate
1378:Malacca Sultanate
1338:Ternate Sultanate
1289:
1288:
1271:Singhasari Empire
1265:1000s–1300s
1231:Kahuripan Kingdom
1112:
1111:
964:Mataram Sultanate
607:Dutch East Indies
556:Kasultanan Banten
553:
547:ᮊᮞᮥᮜ᮪ᮒᮔᮔ᮪ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪
533:
532:
519:
518:
515:
514:
489:Bantam Presidency
467:
466:
448:Cirebon Sultanate
392:Dutch East Indies
343:Cirebon Sultanate
312:conquered Banten
268:• 1809–1813
256:• 1651–1683
244:• 1552–1570
131:Cirebon Sultanate
55:Kasultanan Banten
42:ᮊᮞᮥᮜ᮪ᮒᮔᮔ᮪ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪
16:(Redirected from
4590:
4490:
4473:
4456:
4377:Solor Watan Lema
4261:Lanfang Republic
4093:
4092:
3933:
3932:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3892:
3891:
3874:
3865:
3857:
3836:
3799:
3796:
3784:
3783:
3778:. Archived from
3768:
3762:
3761:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3688:Republika Online
3680:
3674:
3673:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3596:The Jakarta Post
3588:
3579:
3578:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3540:
3534:
3525:From Valentijn,
3523:
3517:
3516:
3496:
3490:
3483:
3477:
3470:
3464:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3256:
3197:
3196:, 20 April 2013.
3194:The Jakarta Post
3186:
3154:
3152:Indonesia portal
3149:
3148:
3147:
3000:Prince Pasareyan
2924:
2921:
2619:held by Banten.
2412:Anglo-Dutch Wars
2068:Queen Kalinyamat
2047:
2040:
2033:
2019:
2018:
2017:
1831:Guided Democracy
1817:
1816:
1762:
1761:
1683:
1682:
1652:Lanfang Republic
1638:
1637:
1601:
1600:
1522:1600s–1926
1512:1528s–1877
1478:Banjar Sultanate
1468:Banten Sultanate
1452:1500s–1967
1368:Brunei Sultanate
1304:
1303:
1281:Majapahit Empire
1181:Srivijaya Empire
1161:Kalingga Kingdom
1127:
1126:
1094:Toba catastrophe
1077:94,000–12,000 BP
1048:
1047:
1028:
1018:
1000:
999:
936:Kingdom of Sunda
864:Sunan Gunungjati
844:kingdom of Sunda
786:
667:Sunan Gunungjati
646:Kingdom of Sunda
597:, especially of
584:Sunan Gunungjati
558:
552:romanized:
551:
549:
548:
537:Banten Sultanate
511:
510:
497:
496:
483:
482:
475:Bantam Residency
471:
470:
458:
457:
444:
443:
430:
429:
423:
422:
407:
406:
280:• 2016–now
203:Cikoneng Lampung
102:
87:
75:
57:
51:
50:
45:
44:
43:
32:
31:
21:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4513:
4484:
4467:
4450:
4424:
4381:
4343:
4295:
4223:
4142:
4078:
4064:Sumedang Larang
4022:
3922:
3919:
3860:
3854:
3833:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3654:
3650:
3629:(91): 412–439.
3619:
3615:
3605:
3603:
3602:on 14 July 2009
3590:
3589:
3582:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3497:
3493:
3484:
3480:
3471:
3467:
3458:
3454:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3416:
3412:
3399:
3395:
3382:
3378:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3257:
3200:
3188:Multa Fidrus, '
3187:
3183:
3178:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3140:
2967:
2961:
2922:
2912:
2869:Ageng Tirtayasa
2775:
2763:Ageng Tirtayasa
2719:
2672:Great Post Road
2625:
2611:Highlands (now
2569:Ageng Tirtayasa
2559:, engraving by
2550:
2446:Ageng Tirtayasa
2388:
2380:Ageng Tirtayasa
2250:
2221:
2215:
2183:
2155:James Lancaster
2120:
2104:
2051:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1881:
1871:
1870:
1855:1967–1998
1845:1966–1967
1835:1959–1966
1825:1950–1959
1814:
1806:
1805:
1800:1949–1950
1790:1945–1949
1780:1942–1945
1770:1908–1942
1759:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1744:1945–1949
1743:
1742:1800–1942
1731:1806–1816
1721:1685–1824
1711:1602–1799
1701:1521–1677
1691:1512–1850
1680:
1672:
1671:
1666:1777–1853
1656:1777–1884
1646:1776–1854
1635:
1625:
1624:
1598:
1588:
1587:
1582:1824–1911
1572:1814–1946
1542:1725–1946
1532:1659–1823
1508:Johor Sultanate
1502:1586–1755
1492:1527–1599
1482:1526–1863
1462:1496–1903
1442:1515–1946
1432:1486–1914
1422:1496–1903
1412:1475–1554
1408:Demak Sultanate
1402:1445–1677
1392:1405–1851
1382:1400–1511
1372:1368–1888
1362:1347–1833
1352:1267–1521
1342:1257–1914
1332:1225–1613
1308:Spread of Islam
1301:
1291:
1290:
1285:1293–1527
1275:1222–1292
1255:1183–1347
1245:1045–1221
1235:1019–1045
1201:Mataram Kingdom
1124:
1114:
1113:
1045:
1016:
1009:
998:
960:Sumedang Larang
899:sultan of Demak
846:— the rice and
840:
835:
796:Demak Sultanate
788:
781:
769:), the land of
761:), the land of
745:), the land of
725:), the port of
657:Prabu Siliwangi
655:(also known as
634:
508:
494:
480:
462:Demak Sultanate
455:
441:
427:
394:
381:
368:
355:
345:
332:
313:
281:
269:
257:
245:
183:(predominantly)
156:
138:Demak Sultanate
112:
93:
92:
91:
88:
80:
79:
76:
58:
52:
46:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4596:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4479:
4474:
4462:
4457:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4209:Samudera Pasai
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4096:Hindu/Buddhist
4090:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3936:Hindu/Buddhist
3930:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3895:
3887:
3886:
3875:
3866:
3858:
3852:
3837:
3831:
3816:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3776:timikasatu.com
3763:
3745:
3727:
3701:
3675:
3668:
3648:
3613:
3580:
3559:
3552:
3535:
3518:
3511:
3491:
3478:
3465:
3452:
3437:
3430:
3410:
3393:
3376:
3360:
3353:
3330:
3304:
3297:
3278:
3271:
3198:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3039:
3029:
3023:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2982:
2981:
2963:Main article:
2960:
2957:
2930:Henry Fielding
2911:
2908:
2774:
2771:
2718:
2715:
2709:forced Sultan
2624:
2621:
2557:De Stad Bantam
2549:
2546:
2468:Western Borneo
2428:Cisadane River
2387:
2384:
2249:
2246:
2214:
2211:
2182:
2179:
2119:
2116:
2103:
2100:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2010:
2009:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1568:Deli Sultanate
1564:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:Siak Sultanate
1534:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1418:Aceh Sultanate
1414:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1388:Sulu Sultanate
1384:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1322:840–1292
1320:
1314:
1313:
1312:800–1600
1310:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1261:Pannai Kingdom
1257:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1241:Kediri Kingdom
1237:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1225:932–1579
1223:
1217:
1216:
1215:914–1908
1213:
1207:
1206:
1205:716–1016
1203:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1171:Melayu Kingdom
1167:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1003:
997:
994:
839:
836:
834:
831:
749:, the land of
694:
633:
630:
595:Southeast Asia
545:كسلطانن بنتن ,
531:
530:
525:
521:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
505:
499:
498:
491:
485:
484:
477:
468:
465:
464:
459:
451:
450:
445:
437:
436:
431:
419:
418:
413:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
389:
386:
385:
382:
376:
373:
372:
369:
363:
360:
359:
356:
353:
350:
349:
346:
340:
337:
336:
333:
321:
318:
317:
314:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
292:
291:
288:
287:
282:
279:
276:
275:
270:
267:
264:
263:
258:
255:
252:
251:
246:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
206:
205:
200:
195:
190:
184:
176:
172:
171:
162:
158:
157:
155:
154:
144:
141:
134:
120:
118:
114:
113:
103:
95:
94:
89:
82:
81:
77:
70:
69:
68:
65:
64:
60:
59:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4595:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4516:
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4507:
4505:
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4497:
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4458:
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4433:
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4427:
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4413:
4411:
4408:
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4401:
4398:
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4392:
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4384:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
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4350:
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4340:
4337:
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4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
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4047:
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4042:
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4032:
4031:
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4025:
4019:
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4011:
4009:
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3883:0-374-21936-2
3880:
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3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3853:9789799101440
3849:
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3832:9789794039229
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3587:
3585:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3532:
3531:India Antiqua
3528:
3522:
3514:
3512:1-884964-04-4
3508:
3504:
3503:
3495:
3488:
3482:
3475:
3469:
3462:
3456:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3427:
3424:. Routledge.
3423:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3356:
3354:81-206-0535-7
3350:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3300:
3298:9789799530608
3294:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3272:9789794039229
3268:
3264:
3263:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3142:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
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3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3020:Pangeran Ratu
3017:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2916:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2819:Banten Girang
2815:
2812:
2808:
2807:proselytizers
2804:
2800:
2799:Sunda Kingdom
2796:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2545:
2544:, in charge.
2543:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
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2479:
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2469:
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2457:
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2418:
2413:
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2352:
2348:
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2338:
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2330:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2260:The reign of
2254:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2059:Maulana Yusuf
2048:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
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1718:
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1714:
1710:
1708:
1705:
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1700:
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1640:
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1634:
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1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1581:
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1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
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1545:
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1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
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1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1496:
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1489:
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1485:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1456:
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1451:
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1441:
1439:
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1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1221:Sunda Kingdom
1219:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1131:Kutai Kingdom
1129:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1001:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
971:watu gigilang
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
940:Dayeuh Pakuan
937:
930:
925:
921:
919:
913:
911:
910:Maulana Yusuf
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
883:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
857:
853:
849:
845:
830:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
787:
784:
783:Suma Oriental
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
693:
691:
687:
686:
685:Suma Oriental
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
642:Banten Girang
639:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
562:
557:
542:
538:
529:
526:
524:Today part of
522:
506:
504:
501:
500:
492:
490:
487:
486:
478:
476:
473:
472:
469:
463:
460:
453:
452:
449:
446:
439:
438:
435:
434:Sunda Kingdom
432:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
387:
383:
380:
379:French Empire
374:
370:
367:
361:
357:
351:
347:
344:
338:
334:
331:
330:Sunda Kingdom
327:
326:
319:
315:
311:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:
283:
277:
274:
271:
265:
262:
259:
253:
250:
247:
241:
237:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
213:
209:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163:
159:
152:
148:
145:
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
122:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
101:
96:
86:
74:
66:
61:
56:
33:
30:
19:
4477:South Maluku
4033:
4018:Tarumanagara
3888:
3870:
3861:
3842:
3821:
3812:
3794:
3780:the original
3775:
3766:
3757:
3748:
3740:www.geni.com
3739:
3730:
3718:. Retrieved
3714:ilmusaku.com
3713:
3704:
3692:. Retrieved
3687:
3678:
3658:
3651:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3604:. Retrieved
3600:the original
3595:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3543:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3501:
3494:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3468:
3460:
3455:
3446:
3440:
3420:
3413:
3403:
3396:
3386:
3379:
3369:
3363:
3343:
3333:
3321:. Retrieved
3317:the original
3307:
3287:
3281:
3261:
3193:
3184:
3122:
3119:1803 – 1808
3108:
3105:1801 – 1802
3078:
3066:1733 – 1750
3045:
3035:
3019:
3009:
2999:
2989:
2974:
2953:
2949:
2933:
2927:
2889:
2861:Sheikh Yusuf
2858:
2841:circumcision
2837:
2832:Baduy people
2825:, and later
2816:
2788:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2741:Sunda Strait
2734:
2728:
2696:
2680:Aliyuddin II
2661:
2649:
2617:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2566:
2556:
2538:
2526:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2482:
2480:
2461:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2421:
2410:By 1651 the
2409:
2400:Sultan Ageng
2397:
2377:
2370:
2359:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2311:
2296:
2291:Sultan Agung
2279:
2259:
2242:
2238:
2222:
2192:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2129:
2109:
2105:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2056:
2003:
1962:Christianity
1467:
1211:Bali Kingdom
1104:Buni culture
1082:
1067:1,000,000 BP
1051:
975:
970:
968:
948:Sunda Kelapa
933:
914:
903:
895:eastern Java
888:
871:
861:
841:
816:
812:Sunda Kelapa
789:
782:
780:
770:
762:
754:
750:
746:
738:
734:
726:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
696:
683:
660:
650:
635:
620:. Today, in
611:
592:
579:
536:
534:
416:Succeeded by
415:
410:
323:
151:Dutch Empire
147:Client state
110:Sunda Strait
90:Coat of arms
49:كسلطانن بنتن
29:
4485: [
4468: [
4465:Negeri Soya
4451: [
4291:Tanjungpura
4271:Negara Daha
4266:Negara Dipa
4204:Riau-Lingga
4103:Dharmasraya
3339:Pires, Tomé
3133:1809 – 1813
3125:1808 – 1809
3111:1802 – 1803
3099:1799 – 1801
3093:1773 – 1799
3087:1753 – 1773
3081:1752 – 1753
3060:1690 – 1733
3054:1687 – 1690
3048:1683 – 1687
3046:Sultan Haji
3038:1651 – 1683
3028:1647 – 1651
3022:1596 – 1647
3012:1585 – 1596
3002:1570 – 1585
2992:1552 – 1570
2923: 1599
2736:Zhu Fan Zhi
2688:Ujung Kulon
2573:Sultan Haji
2542:Sultan Haji
2489:sailed for
2070:of Jepara.
1927:Archaeology
1922:Agriculture
1328:Aru Kingdom
1053:Paleolithic
1015:History of
876:Ratu Dewata
848:spice trade
411:Preceded by
153:(1683–1813)
140:(1527–1546)
133:(1526–1552)
4547:Categories
4482:Tanah Hitu
4387:West Timor
4233:Kalimantan
4199:Pagaruyung
4074:Yogyakarta
4049:Kalinyamat
4003:Singhasari
3998:Shailendra
3943:Blambangan
3806:References
3323:16 January
2759:Tranquebar
2666:. In 1808
2577:free-trade
2483:syahbandar
2442:hydraulics
2373:suzerainty
2362:musketeers
2355:Coromandel
2217:See also:
1984:Mass media
1861:Reform era
1841:Transition
1687:Portuguese
1073:Flores Man
1043:Prehistory
952:Nilakendra
827:Old Banten
819:Surawisesa
808:Portuguese
690:Tomé Pires
675:tumenggong
622:Old Banten
221:Government
193:Cirebonese
165:Old Banten
4367:Larantuka
4276:Pontianak
4194:Palembang
4138:Srivijaya
4128:Samaskuta
4069:Surakarta
4008:Srivijaya
3978:Majapahit
3963:Kahuripan
3798:pretender
3643:162010030
3606:3 January
3176:Footnotes
2853:pesantren
2827:Pajajaran
2613:West Java
2501:and even
2495:factories
2438:Tirtayasa
2307:Borobudur
2303:Sugarcane
2282:Pajajaran
2229:J.P. Coen
2203:Jayakarta
2174:Jayakarta
2112:Palembang
1942:Education
1851:New Order
1619:1670–1950
1609:1515–1904
1195:600s–900s
1185:600s–1025
1175:600s–1347
1165:500s–600s
1155:400s-500s
1145:400s–500s
1098:75,000 BP
1084:Neolithic
1017:Indonesia
823:Trenggana
804:Hasanudin
755:Tateguall
739:Cheroboam
723:Tangerang
659:) was an
632:Formation
609:in 1813.
561:Bantenese
541:Sundanese
528:Indonesia
224:Sultanate
211:Religion
198:Sundanese
181:Bantenese
106:Hasanudin
63:1526–1813
4532:Salawati
4405:Amanuban
4400:Amanatun
4301:Sulawesi
4251:Bulungan
4133:Sanfotsi
3968:Kalingga
3958:Janggala
3720:25 April
3138:See also
2932:'s play
2865:Makassar
2773:Religion
2609:Priangan
2464:Makassar
2286:Priangan
2170:ponggawa
2145:(Dutch:
2087:Ponggawa
1989:Military
1967:Hinduism
1957:Buddhism
1952:Religion
1932:Currency
1915:By topic
1135:350–1605
1063:Java Man
1034:Timeline
1006:a series
1004:Part of
990:Bengkulu
891:Pasuruan
767:Semarang
719:Tamgaram
715:Cheguide
566:trading
559:) was a
325:Conquest
127:province
4527:Kaimana
4504:Jailolo
4494:Ternate
4448:Huamual
4443:Honimoa
4410:Amarasi
4334:Banggai
4286:Sarawak
4214:Serdang
4189:Malacca
4184:Langkat
4147:Islamic
4108:Kantoli
4088:Sumatra
4054:Mataram
4039:Cirebon
4027:Islamic
3993:Sanjaya
3983:Mataram
3571:Harian
2910:Culture
2902:of the
2795:Demak's
2745:Sin-t'o
2717:Economy
2640:Jakarta
2534:Mataram
2530:Cirebon
2518:Cirebon
2366:Cirebon
2357:coast.
2234:Jakarta
2207:Batavia
2181:Decline
2095:Santana
1977:Judaism
1937:Economy
1902:Bandung
1887:Jakarta
1879:Regions
1717:British
1697:Spanish
1151:Kantoli
1108:400 BCE
986:Lampung
982:Sumatra
978:Cirebon
872:Pecinan
856:Lampung
854:(today
852:Sumatra
763:Camaram
743:Cirebon
735:Chemano
677:of the
603:Batavia
588:Cirebon
568:kingdom
564:Islamic
503:Batavia
328:of the
322:•
308:•
295:History
161:Capital
149:of the
129:of the
124:De jure
4499:Tidore
4460:Loloda
4430:Maluku
4420:Wehali
4415:Sonbai
4372:Mengwi
4281:Sambas
4246:Brunei
4241:Banjar
4164:Asahan
4123:Pannai
4113:Malayu
4059:Pajang
4034:Banten
3988:Rajasa
3973:Kediri
3953:Ishana
3881:
3850:
3829:
3694:31 May
3666:
3641:
3573:Kompas
3550:
3509:
3428:
3351:
3295:
3269:
2873:Jeddah
2849:ulamas
2823:Kalapa
2755:Danish
2731:pepper
2699:Serang
2632:Banten
2503:London
2491:Tonkin
2472:Manila
2315:sultan
2163:nayaka
2091:Nayaka
2064:Jepara
1008:on the
988:) and
833:Growth
751:Locarj
747:Japura
731:Kelapa
727:Calapa
711:Pomdam
707:Bantam
665:named
638:Serang
624:, the
618:Banten
599:pepper
580:Bantam
572:Banten
298:
234:
230:Sultan
169:Serang
117:Status
4519:Papua
4509:Bacan
4489:]
4472:]
4455:]
4395:Amabi
4319:Buton
4256:Kutai
4179:Johor
4174:Jambi
4118:Mauli
4044:Demak
4013:Sunda
3948:Galuh
3639:S2CID
2977:from
2885:ummah
2877:Mecca
2791:Islam
2692:Ambon
2684:Anyer
2644:Bogor
2605:Bogor
2499:Surat
2487:junks
2433:sawah
2347:Johor
2299:sugar
1999:Women
1994:Sport
1972:Islam
1897:Bogor
944:Bogor
868:delta
775:Demak
771:Demaa
759:Tegal
699:Çumda
662:ulama
215:Islam
187:Malay
4362:Bima
4357:Bali
4339:Suai
4329:Wajo
4324:Luwu
4314:Bone
4309:Gowa
4219:Siak
4169:Deli
4154:Aceh
3928:Java
3879:ISBN
3848:ISBN
3827:ISBN
3722:2021
3696:2020
3664:ISBN
3608:2010
3548:ISBN
3507:ISBN
3426:ISBN
3349:ISBN
3325:2013
3293:ISBN
3267:ISBN
2900:imam
2881:hajj
2845:qadi
2781:The
2607:and
2351:Bali
2343:Aceh
2284:and
2093:and
2079:qadi
1892:Bali
777:)."
703:Dayo
576:Java
535:The
397:1813
384:1808
371:1683
358:1619
348:1552
335:1527
316:1526
78:Flag
4438:Iha
4159:Aru
3631:doi
3077:or
3044:or
3034:or
3018:or
3008:or
2998:or
2988:or
2973:or
2765:to
2497:in
2225:VOC
893:in
616:of
366:VOC
4549::
4487:id
4470:id
4453:id
3774:.
3756:.
3738:.
3712:.
3686:.
3637:.
3627:31
3625:.
3594:.
3583:^
3201:^
3192:,
2920:c.
2821:,
2769:.
2694:.
2536:.
2505:.
2448:.
2345:,
966:.
648:.
590:.
550:,
543::
167:,
3914:e
3907:t
3900:v
3885:.
3864:.
3856:.
3835:.
3760:.
3742:.
3724:.
3698:.
3672:.
3645:.
3633::
3610:.
3577:.
3556:.
3515:.
3434:.
3357:.
3327:.
3301:.
3275:.
2646:)
2046:e
2039:t
2032:v
785:.
773:(
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757:(
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