125:
144:
135:
482:. After consulting with his friends, Simko along with Khorshid Agha Harki went to Oshnaviyeh and were invited to the house of local army commander, Colonel Norouzi and were told to wait for the Iranian general. Colonel Norouzi convinced Simko to go to the outskirts of the town to welcome the general's arrival. However, this was a trap and Simko was ambushed and killed on the evening of June 30, 1930.
44:
493:
were present in this movement, historians agree these were hardly articulate enough to justify a claim that recognition of
Kurdish identity was a major issue in Simko's movement. It lacked any kind of administrative organization and Simko was primary interested in
474:. Kurdish insurgency and seasonal migrations in late 1920s, along with long-running tensions between Tehran and Ankara, resulted in border clashes and even military penetrations in both Iranian and Turkish territory. In 1930, the commander of Iranian Army General
960:
210:
1119:
955:
333:
987:
203:
1710:
485:
Simko's revolts are considered as attempt by a powerful tribal chief to establish his personal authority vis-à-vis the central government throughout the
1666:
475:
1756:
1480:
864:
196:
406:. After three years of revolt he was defeated, but in 1924 Reza Khan pardoned him and he returned to Iran from exile. When Reza Khan had become
1783:
Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.
982:
338:
1020:
1399:
1684:
873:
532:
506:
was also robbed and assaulted. Simko's men do not appear to have felt any sense of unity or solidarity with fellow Kurds. On other hand,
415:
163:
1513:
1271:
1429:
323:
1503:
551:
1091:
753:
1692:
899:
1317:
1815:
1723:
1446:
938:
857:
328:
240:
1387:
1597:
967:
785:
725:
686:
625:
1697:
1333:
1240:
1081:
1653:
363:
303:
606:"Chapter 5: A Kurdish warlord on the Turkish-Persian frontier in the early Twentieth century: Isma'il Aqa Simko"
478:
sent a letter to Simko, who was residing in the village of Barzan, and invited him for a meeting in the town of
1614:
850:
308:
298:
1469:
1220:
1493:
1134:
926:
527:
1356:
1312:
1568:
1474:
1288:
1030:
245:
1820:
1800:
1703:
1283:
1071:
949:
933:
286:
1810:
1608:
1573:
1409:
1404:
1382:
1277:
1157:
1129:
1076:
221:
35:
1556:
1177:
1171:
19:
This article is about 1926 Simko Shikak revolt in Iran. For 1918-1922 uprising by Simko Shikak, see
1627:
1215:
972:
943:
1551:
1546:
1124:
994:
806:
355:
1805:
1648:
1632:
1498:
313:
842:
1488:
1301:
1040:
904:
601:
1749:
1563:
1536:
1441:
1419:
1377:
1061:
8:
1743:
1603:
1508:
1436:
1255:
1245:
1163:
1151:
1141:
1035:
833:
490:
399:
279:
274:
257:
147:
20:
1541:
1424:
1393:
1339:
1307:
1250:
1086:
977:
503:
471:
262:
1463:
1010:
916:
887:
810:
781:
731:
721:
692:
682:
631:
621:
562:
486:
438:(a.k.a. Dilman or Shahpur) where rebels started encircling the city. Shortly after,
1676:
1659:
1620:
1295:
1230:
1225:
1197:
1096:
1056:
717:
706:
439:
143:
1372:
1349:
1066:
1025:
775:
678:
580:
515:
499:
367:
129:
1763:
1344:
1327:
1322:
1192:
1146:
609:
511:
459:
375:
177:
88:
1794:
1716:
1414:
814:
696:
403:
318:
188:
735:
635:
1113:
1015:
447:
395:
379:
159:
502:
forces and non-Kurds were not the only ones to suffer in the attacks, the
1777:
1235:
1187:
1182:
911:
893:
617:
458:
troops defected to the tribe’s previous leader and Simko himself fled to
173:
138:
479:
181:
454:, engaged rebels and defeated them. During engagement half of Simko's
713:
507:
407:
169:
134:
1590:
1530:
754:"Land and Rebellion: Kurdish Separatism in Comparative Perspective"
605:
495:
423:
116:
1780:
and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each
872:
616:. Library of modern Middle East studies, 43. London; New York:
455:
435:
383:
106:
67:
614:
Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers
43:
921:
470:
In 1926, another unrelated
Kurdish tribal revolt occurred in
443:
426:, regained control of his tribe and begun another rebellion.
419:
111:
434:
Short military confrontation has started in
October 1926 in
581:"Assyrians and Two World Wars: Assyrians from 1914 to 1945"
451:
411:
371:
71:
514:
tribal leaders initiated with repressive era toward non-
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
705:
410:in 1925, Simko pledged eternal loyalty to him and
1558:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present)
334:September–October 2022 attacks on Iraqi Kurdistan
1792:
703:
642:
1711:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
414:. However, next year Simko allied himself with
704:Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan (1992).
218:
1021:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
858:
204:
803:The Kurds: An Historical and Political Study
596:
594:
592:
590:
874:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
533:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
865:
851:
600:
211:
197:
42:
747:
745:
587:
398:has started his first and foreign-backed
1757:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
773:
672:
1430:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
1793:
742:
544:
846:
827:
751:
192:
800:
359:
675:Kurdish Politics in the Middle East
510:'s military victory over Simko and
329:2018 Democrat Castle missile strike
13:
1667:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)
1092:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
708:The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview
578:
14:
1832:
1504:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt
552:"آغا بطرس: سنحاريب القرن العشرين"
1542:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s)
142:
133:
123:
1724:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
1693:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon
1447:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
821:
794:
774:McDowall, David (2004-05-14).
767:
572:
324:2016–present West Iran clashes
309:February 1999 Kurdish protests
1:
1494:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot
1135:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
777:A Modern History of the Kurds
538:
528:Timeline of Kurdish uprisings
389:
1698:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
1685:Turkish involvement in Syria
1569:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
1400:Political violence in Turkey
1334:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
1241:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence
1120:Italian bombing of Palestine
1082:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts
1031:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
465:
7:
950:Turkish War of Independence
934:Unification of Saudi Arabia
780:. I.B.Tauris. p. 221.
521:
10:
1837:
1816:Kurdish rebellions in Iran
1615:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
1609:Houthi insurgency in Yemen
1598:Balochi insurgency in Iran
1574:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
1410:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
1405:Islamist uprising in Syria
1383:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
1272:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
1158:Kurdish separatism in Iran
1077:Goharshad Mosque rebellion
362:) refers to a short-timed
223:Kurdish separatism in Iran
36:Kurdish separatism in Iran
18:
1773:
1736:
1641:
1582:
1522:
1455:
1373:Black September in Jordan
1365:
1264:
1208:
1105:
1049:
1003:
880:
830:Boundaries v. With Turkey
429:
232:
153:
100:
50:
41:
33:
28:
1475:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
1470:1980 Turkish coup d'état
1289:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
1221:1953 Iranian coup d'état
1216:1952 Egyptian revolution
944:1919 Egyptian revolution
927:Mount Lebanon starvation
752:Smith, Benjamin (2009).
673:Entessar, Nader (2010).
352:1926 Simko Shikak revolt
16:Kurdish uprising in Iran
1704:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
1552:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
1547:Yemeni Civil War (1994)
1357:1966 Syrian coup d'état
1284:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
1125:Allied invasion of Iraq
1072:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934)
995:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
807:Oxford University Press
579:Ismael, Yaqou D'Malik.
489:. Although elements of
29:2nd Simko Shikak Revolt
1649:2011 Bahraini uprising
1633:South Yemen insurgency
1514:Abu Nidal's executions
1499:1986 Damascus bombings
1278:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
1130:Syria–Lebanon campaign
900:Middle Eastern theatre
828:Schofield, Richard N.
154:Commanders and leaders
1489:South Yemen civil war
1388:Shatt al-Arab clashes
1313:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup
1302:North Yemen civil war
1251:1958 Iraqi revolution
1178:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1172:Arab–Israeli conflict
1041:Sheikh Said rebellion
905:Battle of Robat Karim
801:Arfa, Hassan (1966).
442:were dispatched from
422:and tribal chiefs of
87:Simko Shikak fled to
1628:Fatah–Hamas conflict
1564:Operation Desert Fox
1537:1991 Iraqi uprisings
1531:Gulf War (1990–1991)
1442:Grand Mosque seizure
1420:Yemenite War of 1979
1378:Yemenite War of 1972
1318:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup
1308:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup
1062:Ahmed Barzani revolt
973:Turkish–Armenian War
712:. London; New York:
1776:This list includes
1744:2021 Beirut clashes
1604:2004 Qamishli riots
1481:Turkey–PKK conflict
1437:1979 Qatif Uprising
1256:1959 Mosul uprising
1246:1958 Lebanon crisis
1193:1973 Yom Kippur War
1164:Iran crisis of 1946
1152:Al-Wathbah uprising
1142:1943 Barzani revolt
1036:Great Syrian Revolt
1016:Iraqi Revolt (1920)
939:Simko Shikak revolt
834:Columbia University
491:Kurdish nationalism
275:Republic of Mahabad
148:Assyrian volunteers
21:Simko Shikak revolt
1821:Kurdish rebellions
1801:Rebellions in Iran
1425:Iranian Revolution
1394:Lebanese Civil War
1340:1948 Palestine war
1087:1935 Yazidi revolt
978:Franco-Turkish War
602:Bruinessen, Martin
504:Kurdish population
472:Kurdistan Province
404:Iranian government
1811:Conflicts in 1926
1788:
1787:
1011:Franco-Syrian War
968:Greco-Turkish War
956:Anglo-Turkish War
922:Assyrian genocide
917:Armenian genocide
888:Italo-Turkish War
348:
347:
339:2024 Erbil attack
314:PJAK insurrection
187:
186:
96:
95:
1828:
1750:Israel–Hamas war
1677:Syrian civil war
1660:Sinai insurgency
1621:2006 Lebanon War
1296:Dhofar Rebellion
1231:Cyprus Emergency
1226:Jebel Akhdar War
1198:1982 Lebanon War
1188:1967 Six-Day War
1097:Dersim rebellion
1057:Ararat rebellion
961:Al-Jazeera Front
867:
860:
853:
844:
843:
838:
837:
825:
819:
818:
798:
792:
791:
771:
765:
764:
758:
749:
740:
739:
711:
700:
667:
640:
639:
598:
585:
584:
576:
570:
569:
567:
561:. Archived from
556:
548:
374:in 1926, led by
364:Kurdish uprising
361:
360:شۆڕشی سمکۆی شکاک
227:
226:
224:
213:
206:
199:
190:
189:
146:
137:
128:
127:
126:
83:Iranian victory
70:, North western
52:
51:
46:
26:
25:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1769:
1732:
1654:Egyptian Crisis
1637:
1578:
1518:
1451:
1361:
1350:Second Intifada
1260:
1204:
1101:
1067:Simele massacre
1045:
1026:Adwan Rebellion
999:
876:
871:
841:
826:
822:
799:
795:
788:
772:
768:
756:
750:
743:
728:
701:
689:
679:Lexington Books
670:
668:
643:
628:
610:Atabaki, Touraj
599:
588:
577:
573:
565:
554:
550:
549:
545:
541:
524:
476:Hassan Muqaddam
468:
432:
392:
368:Pahlavi dynasty
349:
344:
343:
304:KDPI insurgency
228:
222:
220:
219:
217:
180:
176:
162:
141:
139:Assyrian levies
132:
124:
122:
115:
110:
74:
68:Dilman (Salmas)
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1834:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1786:
1785:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1764:Red Sea crisis
1760:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
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1729:
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1714:
1707:
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1509:Mecca massacre
1506:
1501:
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1354:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1345:First Intifada
1342:
1330:
1328:1964 Hama riot
1325:
1323:Aden Emergency
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
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1147:Al-Waziri coup
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809:. p. 64.
793:
786:
766:
741:
726:
687:
681:. p. 17.
641:
626:
620:. p. 21.
586:
571:
568:on 2018-08-12.
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467:
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460:Mandatory Iraq
440:Iranian forces
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356:Sorani Kurdish
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299:1979 rebellion
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89:Mandatory Iraq
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1806:1920s in Iran
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1717:Yemeni crisis
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1464:Iran–Iraq War
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1415:NDF Rebellion
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988:United States
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559:نينوس نيراري
558:
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518:minorities.
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396:Simko Shikak
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380:Simko Shikak
366:against the
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293:1979–present
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258:Jafar Sultan
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168:
160:Simko Shikak
130:Pahlavi Iran
101:Belligerents
82:
58:October 1926
1778:World War I
1236:Suez Crisis
1183:Suez Crisis
912:Arab Revolt
894:World War I
716:. pp.
618:I.B. Tauris
287:1967 revolt
280:1946 crisis
263:Hama Rashid
174:Agha Petros
1795:Categories
805:. London:
677:. Lanham:
539:References
500:Government
480:Oshnaviyeh
390:Background
378:chieftain
182:Malik Yaqo
815:463216238
714:Routledge
697:430736528
508:Reza Shah
466:Aftermath
416:Haji Agha
408:Reza Shah
269:1945–1979
253:2nd Simko
241:1st Simko
236:1918–1945
170:Reza Shah
164:Haji Agha
119:tribesmen
114:tribesmen
109:tribesmen
1591:Iraq War
736:24247652
636:56455579
604:(2006).
522:See also
424:Begzadeh
402:against
394:In 1919
117:Begzadeh
63:Location
34:Part of
983:Revolts
718:138–139
612:(ed.).
516:Iranian
496:plunder
386:tribe.
376:Kurdish
246:Mahabad
813:
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512:Turkic
487:region
456:Shikak
436:Salmas
430:Revolt
400:revolt
384:Shikak
107:Shikak
79:Result
1737:2020s
1642:2010s
1583:2000s
1523:1990s
1456:1980s
1366:1970s
1265:1960s
1209:1950s
1106:1940s
1050:1930s
1004:1920s
881:1910s
763:: 11.
757:(PDF)
608:. In
566:(PDF)
555:(PDF)
444:Urmia
420:Herki
382:from
112:Herki
811:OCLC
782:ISBN
732:OCLC
722:ISBN
693:OCLC
683:ISBN
669:See:
632:OCLC
622:ISBN
452:Khoy
450:and
372:Iran
72:Iran
55:Date
418:of
370:of
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