325:
294:
228:
275:
112:
519:
212:
244:
370:
260:
548:
196:
38:
2115:
355:
313:
341:
146:). Subsequently, they became larger still, coloured, and penetrated farther and farther into the rest of the text, until the whole page might be taken over. The decoration of insular initials, especially large ones, was generally abstract and geometrical, or featured animals in patterns. Historiated initials were an
604:
Both the size and the ostentatiousness of a manuscript reflect both on the status of the manuscript and on its owner. Manuscripts meant for everyday use, typically by friars or university students, often had little illumination, and hardly any elaborate historiated initials or flourishes. Manuscripts
559:
500:
orem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
464:
orem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
444:
orem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
600:
The size and decoration of the initial further gives clues to both its importance and location. Letters that began a new section of a text or a particularly noteworthy section might receive more flourishes and space. They would also provide a visual point of reference, "marking the division of the
450:
Alternatively, the initial may be in the left margin, with the text indented, as shown here. In word processors and HTML, this may be implemented using a table with two cells, one for the initial and one for the rest of the text. The difference between this and a true drop cap may be seen when the
538:
at the beginning of a paragraph or other section of text that contains an illustration of human or animal figures within the letter. It is similar to a historiated initial (see below); however, the figures in historiated initials show an identifiable scene or story, while the figures in inhabited
580:
at the beginning of a paragraph or other section of text, that contains a picture. Strictly speaking, a historiated initial depicts an identifiable figure or a specific scene, while an inhabited initial (see above) contains figures (human or animal) that are decorative only, without forming a
601:
text into books, chapters, paragraphs and sometimes even verses" since, due to the cost of parchment, the modern convention that a new section will begin on a new page had not emerged. In luxury manuscripts an entire page might be devoted to a historiated initial.
134:–6th century) both came into common use in Italy, the initials usually were set in the left margin (as in the second example below), as though to cut them off from the rest of the text, and about twice as tall as the other letters. The radical innovation of
324:
243:
477:, the initial sits within the margins and runs several lines deep into the paragraph, indenting some normal-sized text in these lines. This keeps the left and top margins of the paragraph flush.
227:
506:
In some older manuscripts, the first letter of normal sized text after a drop cap also would be capitalized, as may be seen in the Mainz
Psalter above, and in the original 1609 printing of
195:
293:
1056:
Ornamento contains close to a quarter of a million ornate letters, ornaments, borders, musical notation, diagrams, and illustrations drawn from
Iberian print before 1701.
539:
initials do not show a narrative. Figures in inhabited initials may be related to the contents of the text, but do not have to be. They may be purely decorative instead.
138:
manuscripts was to make initials much larger, not indented, and for the letters immediately following the initial also to be larger, but diminishing in size (called the "
274:
510:. This evoked the handwritten "diminuendo" style of gradually reducing the text size over the course of the first line. This style now is rare, except in newspapers.
123:
was slow to use capital letters for initials at all; in surviving Roman texts it often is difficult even to separate the words as spacing was not used either. In
1086:
1700:
166:
large paintings of scenes tended to go in rectangular framed spaces, and the initial, although often still historiated, tended to become smaller again.
259:
211:
906:
2149:
501:
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
465:
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
445:
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
2074:
834:
369:
812:
1104:
605:
commissioned by wealthy patrons or for a wealthy monastery were often illuminated, and in gold or silver rather than pen and ink.
985:
962:
783:
354:
1144:
428:
as the first line of text, at the same margin, as it does here. This is the easiest to typeset on a computer, including in
17:
657:
551:
The letter P as a historiated initial (depicting Peter) in an illuminated Latin bible, 1407 AD. Colored with paint and
178:
1019:
877:
1083:
2069:
312:
68:. An initial is often several lines in height, and, in older books or manuscripts, may take the form of an
1954:
1916:
1075:
2100:
1169:
1680:
1049:
1326:
761:
640:
2084:
1901:
1572:
1509:
1214:
1137:
977:
507:
31:
2154:
1110:
842:
177:
would leave blank the necessary space, so that the initials could be added later by a scribe or
2164:
1529:
1252:
582:
481:
250:
88:
865:
384:
Inline Layout Module Level 3, which standardized the output of initial letters for web pages.
2004:
1504:
1499:
1412:
1399:
1232:
590:
425:
408:
2159:
2144:
1796:
1437:
1291:
626:
518:
8:
2139:
2118:
2079:
1992:
1886:
1741:
1719:
1709:
1577:
1184:
1174:
1130:
1040:
417:
143:
120:
2042:
1969:
1949:
1939:
1911:
1881:
1841:
1468:
1331:
1316:
1257:
1247:
1094:
645:
564:
360:
218:
96:
1964:
1987:
1906:
1861:
1791:
1262:
1015:
981:
958:
873:
629: – style of manuscript illumination originating in the British Isles and Ireland
594:
577:
535:
111:
1873:
1826:
1665:
1612:
1473:
1283:
635:
346:
1099:
907:"Lighting the Way: How Illuminated Initials Guided Medieval Readers through Books"
57:
that is larger than the rest of the text. The word is ultimately derived from the
2009:
1896:
1891:
1811:
1779:
1670:
1407:
1209:
1090:
1053:
954:
480:
In modern computer browsers, this may be achieved with a combination of HTML and
300:
234:
155:
50:
1069:
547:
393:
2014:
1959:
1836:
1639:
1463:
1417:
1351:
1321:
1189:
1116:
1063:
1059:
1011:
651:
620:
284:
159:
135:
124:
2133:
1806:
1774:
1764:
1644:
421:
initial, that gives spatial support to scenes of a narrative character; etc.
331:
304:
266:
2064:
1944:
1831:
1816:
1786:
1746:
1729:
1483:
1453:
1427:
1336:
1179:
1161:
526:, 1153 AD, Los Angeles, Getty Museum, Ms. Ludwig IX 1 (83.ML.97), fol. 331v
205:, of c. 200, with no initials, punctuation, and barely spaces between words
151:
150:
invention, but did not come into their own until the later developments of
340:
2059:
2054:
2047:
2037:
1851:
1801:
1756:
1696:
1660:
1631:
1619:
1599:
1422:
1374:
1242:
675:
614:
586:
433:
399:
147:
37:
2032:
1846:
1736:
1589:
1582:
1559:
1514:
1478:
1432:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1364:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1153:
669:
202:
174:
163:
139:
78:
753:
751:
492:
pseudo-element. An example of this format is the following paragraph:
1524:
1519:
1296:
1224:
911:
791:
558:
552:
249:"Diminuendo" effect in the first letters after this initial from the
54:
76:. Certain important initials, such as the Beatus initial, or B, of
1997:
1856:
1675:
1548:
1534:
1359:
1311:
663:
523:
237:
manuscript, 6th-14th century, Metropolitan museum of Art, New-York
186:
170:
41:
A historiated initial (the letter O) from an illuminated manuscript
1821:
1607:
1458:
1301:
1237:
1007:
182:
84:
660: – Picture in an ancient or medieval illuminated manuscript
1724:
1341:
589:
of the early 8th century. The earliest known example is in the
581:
subject. Both sorts became very common and elaborate in luxury
334:, printed in 1457, with small printed and large drawn initials.
181:
painter. Later initials were printed using separate blocks in
380:
Since 2003, the W3C is working for initial letter modules for
1567:
1306:
1274:
1122:
623: – Medieval writing system common to Ireland and England
58:
1046:
752:
Dave Cramer; Elika J. Etemad; Steve Zilles (8 August 2018).
1923:
1769:
1714:
454:
429:
926:
381:
1035:
265:
One of thousands of smaller decorated initials from the
488:
setting. A CSS-only solution alternatively can use the
872:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 358.
666: – Motif made by overlapping two or more letters
631:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
585:. These illustrated initials were first seen in the
375:Two row-wide P initial, followed by small capitals
1113:from Manuscript Studies: Medieval and Early Modern
886:
2131:
1043:in the Glossary of Medieval Art and Architecture
2075:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
1138:
1076:Make the letter bigger: A history of initials
1001:
971:
932:
451:text extends below the initial. For example:
1617:
1107:from the Encyclopedia of Irish and World Art
1100:Historiated Initial from the "Song of Songs"
162:style in particular. After this period, in
83:at the opening of Psalm 1 at the start of a
1002:Stiebner, Erhardt D; Urban, Dieter (1985),
857:
775:
593:, an Insular manuscript of 731–46, and the
115:A set of sixteenth-century initial capitals
1145:
1131:
972:Clemens, Raymond; Graham, Timothy (2007).
562:The oldest historiated initial known, the
49:is a letter at the beginning of a word, a
2101:Punctuation and other typographic symbols
904:
827:
648: – Type of decorative capital letter
905:MacDonald, Elizabeth (10 January 2019).
863:
781:
557:
546:
517:
110:
36:
318:Large initial L from a Romanesque Bible
14:
2150:Iconography of illuminated manuscripts
2132:
805:
678: – Italian illuminated manuscript
542:
27:Oversized first letter in a text block
1126:
948:
892:
841:. The British Library. Archived from
617: – Visual art related to writing
415:initial (usually in miniatures); the
87:Latin. These specific initials in an
1117:100,000 printed initials (1470–1700)
951:Manuscripts from the Anglo-Saxon Age
839:Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts
522:Inhabited initial E from an Italian
513:
1105:"Making of Illuminated Manuscripts"
654: – Abbreviation of middle name
387:
45:In a written or published work, an
24:
995:
974:Introduction to Manuscript Studies
754:"CSS Inline Layout Module Level 3"
658:Miniature (illuminated manuscript)
25:
2176:
1029:
1004:Initials and Decorative Alphabets
2114:
2113:
784:"Drop caps & design systems"
782:Marcotte, Ethan (17 June 2019).
424:The initial may sit on the same
368:
353:
339:
323:
311:
292:
273:
258:
242:
226:
210:
194:
1152:
898:
745:
689:
13:
1:
2070:History of Western typography
1111:"Decoration and Illumination"
1041:Types of illuminated initials
738:
672: – Art of arranging type
221:with initials in left margin
169:In the very early history of
128:
1917:traditional point-size names
870:The Oxford Dictionary of Art
432:. An example follows (using
7:
1170:Canons of page construction
949:Brown, Michelle P. (2007).
864:Chilvers, Ian, ed. (2004).
608:
576:is an initial, an enlarged
534:is an initial, an enlarged
10:
2181:
942:
456:
407:letter, imitating ancient
106:
29:
2109:
2093:
2025:
1978:
1932:
1872:
1755:
1695:
1653:
1630:
1598:
1558:
1547:
1492:
1446:
1398:
1350:
1327:Subscript and superscript
1282:
1273:
1223:
1160:
933:Clemens & Graham 2007
762:World Wide Web Consortium
641:List of Irish manuscripts
363:'s score: "Fortem virili"
201:Greek biblical text from
2085:Vox-ATypI classification
1215:Intentionally blank page
978:Cornell University Press
682:
32:Initial (disambiguation)
1084:35 historiated initials
1070:Alphabets & Letters
583:illuminated manuscripts
1618:
1078:at ilovetypography.com
1060:Initials and Ornaments
695:Also referred to as a
569:
555:
527:
504:
471:
448:
283:from the start of the
251:Cathach of St. Columba
116:
89:illuminated manuscript
42:
813:"Inhabited Initial E"
591:Saint Petersburg Bede
561:
550:
521:
508:Shakespeare's sonnets
494:
453:
438:
114:
40:
1955:Typographic features
627:Insular illumination
253:(Irish, 7th century)
142:" effect, after the
30:For other uses, see
2080:Technical lettering
1979:Typography in other
1720:Hanging punctuation
866:"Inhabited initial"
845:on 26 November 2017
574:historiated initial
543:Historiated initial
121:classical tradition
74:historiated initial
18:Historiated initial
2043:Handwriting script
1970:Desktop publishing
1940:Character encoding
1933:Digital typography
1447:Horizontal aspects
1400:Visual distinction
1258:Widows and orphans
1095:Huntington Library
1089:2016-03-04 at the
1072:at Reusableart.com
1052:2020-11-25 at the
646:Lombardic capitals
570:
565:St Petersburg Bede
556:
528:
403:letter (red); the
361:Alexander Agricola
219:Codex Alexandrinus
117:
43:
2127:
2126:
1874:Typographic units
1792:For position only
1691:
1690:
1543:
1542:
987:978-0-8014-3863-9
964:978-0-7123-0680-5
758:W3C Working Draft
595:Vespasian Psalter
532:inhabited initial
514:Inhabited initial
470:
469:
392:The initials are
330:Opening from the
91:were also called
16:(Redirected from
2172:
2117:
2116:
2094:Related template
2026:Related articles
1827:Phototypesetting
1681:reverse-contrast
1666:Display typeface
1623:
1600:Blackletter type
1556:
1555:
1493:Vertical aspects
1474:Sentence spacing
1284:Typeface anatomy
1280:
1279:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1024:
991:
968:
936:
930:
924:
923:
921:
919:
902:
896:
890:
884:
883:
861:
855:
854:
852:
850:
831:
825:
824:
822:
820:
809:
803:
802:
800:
798:
788:Vox Product Blog
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
749:
732:
693:
636:Letras y figuras
632:
502:
466:
460:
455:
446:
442:
436:nonsense text):
409:Roman majuscules
388:Types of initial
372:
357:
343:
327:
315:
296:
277:
262:
246:
230:
214:
198:
133:
130:
66:of the beginning
21:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2105:
2089:
2021:
1981:writing systems
1980:
1974:
1928:
1868:
1812:Microtypography
1751:
1687:
1649:
1626:
1594:
1551:classifications
1550:
1539:
1488:
1442:
1408:Blackboard bold
1394:
1346:
1269:
1219:
1210:Recto and verso
1156:
1151:
1091:Wayback Machine
1054:Wayback Machine
1032:
1022:
998:
996:Further reading
988:
965:
955:British Library
945:
940:
939:
931:
927:
917:
915:
903:
899:
891:
887:
880:
862:
858:
848:
846:
835:"Glossaries: I"
833:
832:
828:
818:
816:
811:
810:
806:
796:
794:
780:
776:
766:
764:
750:
746:
741:
736:
735:
729:titling capital
709:initial capital
694:
690:
685:
630:
611:
545:
516:
499:
497:
463:
458:
443:
440:
394:morphologically
390:
376:
373:
364:
358:
349:
344:
335:
328:
319:
316:
307:
301:Georgian letter
297:
288:
278:
269:
263:
254:
247:
238:
231:
222:
215:
206:
199:
156:Anglo-Saxon art
131:
109:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2155:Capitalization
2152:
2147:
2142:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2015:National Fonts
2007:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:Web typography
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1837:Reversing type
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1564:
1562:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1464:Letter-spacing
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1418:Color printing
1415:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1352:Capitalization
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1190:Page numbering
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1064:Book Historian
1057:
1044:
1038:
1031:
1030:External links
1028:
1027:
1026:
1020:
997:
994:
993:
992:
986:
969:
963:
944:
941:
938:
937:
925:
912:Europeana Blog
897:
885:
878:
856:
826:
815:. Getty Museum
804:
774:
743:
742:
740:
737:
734:
733:
687:
686:
684:
681:
680:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
652:Middle initial
649:
643:
638:
633:
624:
621:Insular script
618:
610:
607:
544:
541:
515:
512:
495:
468:
467:
461:
389:
386:
378:
377:
374:
367:
365:
359:
352:
350:
345:
338:
336:
329:
322:
320:
317:
310:
308:
298:
291:
289:
285:Gospel of John
279:
272:
270:
264:
257:
255:
248:
241:
239:
232:
225:
223:
216:
209:
207:
200:
193:
125:late antiquity
108:
105:
64:, which means
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2177:
2166:
2165:Visual motifs
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:Bézier curves
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Rasterization
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Microprinting
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Etaoin shrdlu
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1119:at Flickr.com
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:on Flickr.com
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1021:0-7137-1640-1
1017:
1014:: Blandford,
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
999:
989:
983:
979:
975:
970:
966:
960:
956:
952:
947:
946:
935:, p. 29.
934:
929:
914:
913:
908:
901:
895:, p. 10.
894:
889:
881:
879:0-19-860476-9
875:
871:
867:
860:
844:
840:
836:
830:
814:
808:
793:
789:
785:
778:
763:
759:
755:
748:
744:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
692:
688:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
612:
606:
602:
598:
597:has another.
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
575:
568:, 8th century
567:
566:
560:
554:
549:
540:
537:
533:
525:
520:
511:
509:
503:
493:
491:
490::first-letter
487:
484:by using the
483:
478:
476:
462:
457:
452:
447:
437:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
419:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:
395:
385:
383:
371:
366:
362:
356:
351:
348:
342:
337:
333:
332:Mainz Psalter
326:
321:
314:
309:
306:
305:Mokvi Gospels
303:"D" from the
302:
295:
290:
287:, 9th century
286:
282:
276:
271:
268:
267:Book of Kells
261:
256:
252:
245:
240:
236:
229:
224:
220:
213:
208:
204:
197:
192:
191:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
126:
122:
113:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
80:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
2065:Type foundry
1902:Metric units
1832:Punchcutting
1817:Movable type
1787:Font catalog
1747:Vertical bar
1484:Word spacing
1454:Figure space
1369:
1337:Text figures
1180:Even working
1003:
973:
950:
928:
916:. Retrieved
910:
900:
888:
869:
859:
847:. Retrieved
843:the original
838:
829:
817:. Retrieved
807:
795:. Retrieved
787:
777:
765:. Retrieved
757:
747:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
697:drop capital
696:
691:
603:
599:
573:
571:
563:
531:
529:
505:
498:
489:
486:float: left;
485:
479:
474:
472:
449:
439:
423:
416:
412:
404:
397:
396:classified:
391:
379:
299:Illuminated
281:In principio
280:
233:Leaf from a
217:5th century
189:techniques.
168:
152:Ottonian art
144:musical term
118:
100:
92:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
46:
44:
2160:Iconography
2145:Book design
2060:Type design
2055:Style guide
2048:Calligraphy
2038:Handwriting
1852:Type design
1802:Lorem ipsum
1797:Letterpress
1757:Typesetting
1697:Punctuation
1661:Record type
1632:Gaelic type
1620:Schwabacher
1510:Body height
1375:Letter case
1243:Line length
849:27 November
717:initcapital
713:initial cap
676:Abbey Bible
615:Calligraphy
587:Insular art
434:Lorem ipsum
418:historiated
175:typesetters
2140:Typography
2134:Categories
2033:Penmanship
2005:East Asian
1847:Type color
1780:monospaced
1737:Interpunct
1730:minus sign
1654:Specialist
1590:Sans-serif
1583:slab serif
1560:Roman type
1515:Cap height
1479:Thin space
1438:Whitespace
1390:Title case
1385:Snake case
1380:Small caps
1365:Camel case
1297:Diacritics
1205:Pull quote
1200:Pagination
1195:Paper size
1154:Typography
1036:Typolis.de
976:. Ithaca:
953:. London:
918:14 January
893:Brown 2007
819:29 January
767:29 January
739:References
670:Typography
405:epigraphic
400:rubricated
203:Papyrus 46
164:Gothic art
160:Romanesque
158:, and the
140:diminuendo
132: 4th
79:Beatus vir
1530:Overshoot
1525:Mean line
1520:Descender
1433:Underline
1275:Character
1253:Runaround
1233:Alignment
1225:Paragraph
1093:from the
1047:Ornamento
1006:, Poole,
792:Vox Media
553:gold leaf
413:figurated
179:miniature
70:inhabited
62:initiālis
55:paragraph
2119:Category
1998:PT Fonts
1993:Cyrillic
1857:Typeface
1775:computer
1676:fat face
1549:Typeface
1535:x-height
1505:Baseline
1500:Ascender
1360:All caps
1322:Rotation
1317:Ligature
1312:Ink trap
1087:Archived
1050:Archived
701:drop cap
664:Monogram
609:See also
524:breviary
475:drop cap
426:baseline
187:metalcut
171:printing
97:singular
1945:Hinting
1822:Pangram
1640:Insular
1613:Rotunda
1608:Fraktur
1573:Antiqua
1459:Kerning
1428:Oblique
1423:Italics
1370:Initial
1302:Dingbat
1292:Counter
1238:Leading
943:Sources
797:25 June
721:initcap
473:With a
347:Fraktur
183:woodcut
148:Insular
136:insular
107:History
101:initium
85:vulgate
53:, or a
51:chapter
47:initial
1988:Arabic
1887:Cicero
1725:Hyphen
1710:Bullet
1671:script
1645:Uncial
1578:Didone
1342:Tittle
1185:Margin
1175:Column
1018:
984:
961:
876:
727:), or
578:letter
536:letter
411:; the
235:Coptic
173:, the
93:initia
1912:Point
1882:Agate
1742:Space
1568:Serif
1469:Pitch
1332:Swash
1307:Glyph
1248:River
683:Notes
59:Latin
2010:Thai
1924:Twip
1907:Pica
1862:list
1842:Sort
1770:Font
1715:Dash
1701:List
1413:Bold
1263:runt
1162:Page
1016:ISBN
982:ISBN
959:ISBN
920:2019
874:ISBN
851:2017
821:2022
799:2019
769:2019
725:init
711:(or
705:drop
699:(or
430:HTML
398:the
119:The
1062:by
1008:ENG
723:or
707:),
703:or
530:An
482:CSS
382:CSS
185:or
103:).
81:...
72:or
2136::
1897:En
1892:Em
1012:UK
1010:,
980:.
957:.
909:.
868:.
837:.
790:.
786:.
760:.
756:.
719:,
715:,
572:A
154:,
129:c.
99::
1703:)
1699:(
1146:e
1139:t
1132:v
1025:.
990:.
967:.
922:.
882:.
853:.
823:.
801:.
771:.
731:.
496:L
459:L
441:L
127:(
95:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
