2008 Tibetan unrest

985: 31: 1053: 1510: 75: 1524: 782:, James Miles, when asked in an interview if the Dalai Lama was responsible for the riots, responded that he "didn't see any evidence of any organized activity", opining that "it's more likely that what we saw was inspired by a general desire of Tibetans both inside Tibet and among the Dalai Lama's followers, to take advantage of this Olympic year, but also inspired simply by all these festering grievances on the ground in Lhasa." He noted in another report that the rioting "seemed to be primarily an eruption of ethnic hatred". 1337: 347:"In the past China has not hesitated to crush major protests in Tibet or to jail disobedient monks. President Hu Jintao, who also the general secretary of the Communist Party, served as party boss in Tibet during a violent crackdown in 1989. His support for the bloody suppression of unrest that year earned him the good will of Deng Xiaoping, then the paramount leader, and led directly to his elevation to the Politburo Standing Committee and eventually to China’s top leadership posts." 277: 501:

group of 20 armed men firing guns, and that he was unsure if they were police officers or armed rioters. Chinese state media reported non-Tibetan-owned businesses and banks were robbed and houses were attacked and burned down, including government buildings and schools. Police used tear gas and cattle prods. According to Chinese state media, 18 civilians were killed by rioters.

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People's Daily reported on 21 March that, according to the Tibet regional government, 18 civilians and 1 police officer had been confirmed dead in the unrest by the night of Friday, 14 March. It also reported the number of injured civilians rose to 382 from 325, 58 of whom were critically wounded. 241 police officers were injured, 23 of whom were critically wounded.

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firearms from the police, during which the police fired warning shots to no avail. The government stated that the police acted in self-defense. According to the Chinese government, four protesters were wounded, and 18 civilians, along with a police officer, were killed. The Tibetan government-in-exile claimed there were at least 99 deaths across the region.

367:(CCP), and is viewed by the Chinese government as a crime of separatism and a threat to China's national security and expansionism. Kelsang Dolma wrote, "when the 2008 Tibet protests erupted, fomented by discontent with decades-long repression, the CCP ruthlessly responded by killing and arbitrarily arresting protesters". 1377:, the protests were loosely coordinated by a group of full-time organizers hired by two umbrella groups that were loyal to the Tibetan government in exile. Documents were sent to more than 150 Tibet support groups around the world giving them detailed notes on how to behave when organizing similar disruptions as the 1294:, the vice-chairman of the Tibetan Autonomous Region, stated that they were locked down pending police interviews in relation to the riots, and that they were released once interviewed. He also promised that the monks involved in the protest would be "dealt with" according to law. The Tibetan activist group 398:, Tibetans in Lhasa were angered by inflation that caused the prices of food and consumer goods to increase. Prices also continued to rise in other parts of the country, while Tibetan youth stated that equal access to jobs and education is another economic issue related to the mass settling of Han Chinese. 793:, prime minister of the Tibetan government-in-exile, denied these allegations, stating "Tibetan exiles are one-hundred-percent committed to nonviolence. There is no question of suicide attacks. But we fear that Chinese might masquerade as Tibetans and plan such attacks to give bad publicity to Tibetans". 1010:

area from Radio Free Asia in May 2008 states at least 200 people were detained after 24 March, while 7 nuns were sentenced to prison and 107 nuns were detained. The Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy reported that three nuns from Dragkar Nunnery detained in Kardze were tortured, reportedly

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China's state media Xinhua News Agency reported on early Saturday, 15 March, that 10 people had been burned to death by Tibetans, including two hotel employees and two shop owners. It also reported that the victims were all innocent civilians and that most of them were business people. The state-run

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claimed, "they were grabbing monks, kicking and beating them." In Ngawa, police fired at the crowd after protestors reportedly burned down government buildings including the local police station, destroyed vehicles including police vehicles, stabbed police officers with swords, and attempted to take

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Throughout Lhasa, raids, security sweeps and arrests by Chinese security forces reportedly continued for several days. Tsondru, a monk, is reported to have died after being thrown off a roof while under arrest by Chinese security forces. An early official statement by Tibet Autonomous Region Chairman

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Police cars, fire engines and other official vehicles were reportedly set on fire. Reports state Tibetans attacked Han and Hui passerby using stones, and an eyewitness stated from their hotel window, "It seems like it's ethnic—like they want to kill anyone not Tibetan." The witness also said he saw a

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On 7 November, the state-run Lhasa Evening News reported a retired doctor was sentenced in Lhasa to 15 years imprisonment on espionage charges for passing information to the Central Tibetan Administration. The sentencing corresponds to the PRC's concealment of hospital records, as Human Rights Watch

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The BBC, sourcing information from a Human Rights Watch report, reported that "witnesses recounted that monks who initially tried to go through the police lines were thrown to the ground, kicked, and taken away." The arrest of 15 monks from Sera Monastery was confirmed by state-run China Tibet News,

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weapons against the Tibetan protesters, additional reports from BBC, Central Tibetan Administration, Tibetan Review, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International contradict Puncog's claim and state "indiscriminate shootings" by Chinese forces occurred, and that leaked evidence of machine gun use has

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reported that at least seven people were shot. There are other reports that police shot between 13 and 30 protesters after a police station was set on fire, reports of at least one policeman being killed, and the burning three or four police vans. Reports on the exact number of deaths were difficult

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and blamed the Dalai Lama for orchestrating it. The Dalai Lama denied the accusation and said that the situation was caused by "deep seated disillusionment and despair" in Tibet, and invited Chinese officials to come to India with its evidence. Representatives of the Chinese government and the Dalai

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and following the Dalai Lama's opposition to Tibetan national independence. Protesters were to advocate a more autonomous Tibet within China. However, many of the protestors did not follow this advice. Doug Saunders further stated that the torch-relay protests had no relationship with the unrest in

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reported the accounts of various Canadian witnesses who were caught up in the violence. One Canadian witnessed an attack by a mob on a motorcyclist, others recounted how the violence of the riots forced them to escape with help from taxi drivers and guides, and another described how they intervened

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said the Chinese government's accusations were "absolutely baseless". The Dalai Lama has also stated that Tibetans are treated by China as second-class citizens in their own land, which has caused simmering resentment, and has repeatedly denied any involvement in organizing or inciting the unrest,

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lawyers and intellectuals, issued a paper in May 2009 challenging the official narrative and suggesting that the protests were a response to economic inequities, Han Chinese migration, and religious sentiments. The OCI recommended that Chinese authorities better respect and protect the rights and

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reported in June 2008 that over 1,000 Tibetan protesters detained by Chinese authorities were "unaccounted for", while more than 1,000 monks, nuns, students and citizens had disappeared by 2008. Another report from Amnesty International stated 5,600 Tibetans were arrested through to January 2009.

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and Tibetan violence grounds. Nonetheless, by the end of July 2008, the leaders of more than 80 countries had decided to attend the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics, more than in any of the preceding Olympics. All but one leader of the countries that did not attend the opening ceremonies

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announced that 16 had been confirmed dead over the weekend's violence and dozens injured. Other sources published after the same press conference indicate that China put the death toll in Lhasa at 13. The Associated Press later reported that the Chinese government's official death toll from the

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said that China "insisted however that when my permit did expire on the 19th that I had to leave. I asked for an extension and they said decisively no." Domestic Chinese media initially downplayed the riots, but this changed relatively quickly as they began to focus on the violence against Han

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reported by 16 March to have confirmed at least 80 deaths of Tibetans, then increased the death count by Chinese forces to more than 140 people, as reported on 5 April. The Central Tibetan Administration's number of Tibetans killed since increased to 220, including subsequent deaths through to

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and set fire to the front gate. Shops and restaurants in the Muslim quarter were destroyed. A Chinese businessman reported that many Hui Muslim stores were burnt. Also burnt were stationery shops, banks, and a wholesale market at Tsomtsikhang, where many shops are owned by Han Chinese and Hui

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reported that phone calls into the region from Zurich were intercepted, and exiled Tibetans were harassed during the calls. The arrested nuns were not heard from afterwards. During a telephone call, a nun stated she and the other nuns had no regrets, and that "the road of liberty is long and

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in the center of Lhasa to demand the release of monks from Drepung and Sera were barred from leaving by police. They began throwing stones at the police, some of which were hard enough to break their shields. As the police withdrew, the enraged crowd began targeting ethnic Chinese passersby.

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According to the Central Tibetan Administration, environmental concerns also motivated the protests. Some of Asia's most important rivers flow from the Tibetan plateau, and "are being polluted and diminished by careless industrialisation and unplanned irrigation" as stated by the Dalai Lama.

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reports that Tibetans are discriminated against at spiritual sites, and residents were relocated to rural areas, as urban areas were redeveloped for Han residents and businesses. Nomadic Tibetans are forced to build homes and borrow money for construction costs, while their grazing lands are

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This was the first high-level dialogue between the Dalai Lama's representatives and the PRC government since the March unrest, and was the continuation of a series of talks between the Chinese government and the Dalai Lama's representatives, including his immediate family and close aides.

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Passports belonging to Tibetans were confiscated to prevent returns to India and the delivery of reports on events to Tibetan exiles. Tourists and foreign residents were surveilled and informed about their possible expulsion in case they got involved in Tibetan protests.

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on 23 April, and on 11–12 May when 14 of the nuns demanding the release of two arrested in April were beaten and detained. The report states nuns were from nearby nunneries, and armed Chinese forces continued to patrol the area. Other protests were held in Chori.

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moved onto the street and were kicked and beat by 10 to 15 plainclothes Chinese police officers in what he described as "gratuitous violence". Outside the monastery, the monks began a sitting protest and were surrounded by riot police and armed military units.

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The TCHRD also reported that a 38-year-old Tibetan woman, who was involved in protests on 16 and 17 March in Ngaba County, died after reportedly being tortured in a Chinese prison. Following her release, the government hospital allegedly refused to admit her.

4904: 1129:, who reported this story, responded to the criticism saying, "technically it was impossible to include the crashed car on the left". The CNN image was later replaced with one that was cropped differently. On 24 March, the German TV news channel 941:

been documented. Puncog also states Tibetans wounded 61 police officers, including six seriously, and reported that 13 civilians had been killed. According to reporter James Miles, the police fatalities included both Tibetans and Han officers.

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By 5 April, the Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy reported that the Chinese authorities had arrested over 2,300 Tibetans from various parts of Tibet, and claimed that "Tibetans are sometimes secretly killed in detention".

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after monks held a protest at the traditional Tibetan grounds of Kham and Amdo. A witness told the BBC that approximately 17 Tibetans were killed, including a school girl. By 18 March, the town was "teeming with police and soldiers".

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reported 1,000 Tibetan protestors remained "unaccounted for" by June 2008, while the Central Tibetan Administration reported 5,600 arrests of Tibetans between March 2008 and January 2009, with 1,294 injuries within the same period.

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journalists also invited on the tour stated that the Jokhang monks told them that they had been locked down in the temple even though they had not participated in the riots, and implored the journalists to report the information.

373:"nder the guise of the economic and social development, Beijing encourages its population to migrate to Tibet with the clear aim to marginalize Tibetans from the economic, educational, political and social life of the region." 1278:. The journalists were kept under close control while in Lhasa. Chinese authorities said the limited number of journalists permitted to attend and the restrictions on their movements were based on logistical considerations. 839:"the rioters' acts not only harmed the interests of the nation and the people, but also violated the aim of Buddhism We strongly condemn the crime of a tiny number of people to hurt the lives and properties of the people." 944:

A blockade by China of monasteries was reported by an Indian newspaper and Phayul, a news source affiliated with Central Tibetan Administration. The police had blocked off water, electricity, food and health facilities in

717:, after days of protests by 3,000 monks and 300 nuns, 27 of the nuns at the Kirti monasteries and nunneries were arrested by Chinese police forces on 20 March. Photographs of killed protestors near Kirti were circulated. 864:, and if he "recognizes Tibet and Taiwan as inalienable parts of the Chinese territory". The Dalai Lama has repeatedly stated he seeks autonomy, not independence, citing the need for Tibet to develop as a modern nation. 4930: 769:

The Dalai Lama called for both sides to avoid using violence and called on Chinese leaders to "address the long simmering resentment of the Tibetan people through dialogue with the Tibetan people." A spokesman for the

4777:, Citation: Selon lui, depuis le début des manifestations au Tibet, il y a un mois, au moins 400 people ont été tuées et des milliers d'autres arrêtées. Il déplore que les armes l'emportent maintenant sur la raison. 467:

and Mani Nunnery also began marching into Lhasa on 11 March. According to the report, participants claimed that they were stopped by police and returned to their monastic centers, which were promptly cordoned off.

439:'s center on 10 March in midday demanding religious freedom, and their route was blocked by police. According to the report, monks were kicked and beaten with batons and 60 monks were arrested that day. Journalist 1088:

citizens. There was speculation that the violence would affect attendance at the 2008 Olympic Games, particularly amid pressure for leaders to boycott the games, but the calls for boycott went largely unheeded.

5394: 812:. The BBC reported seeing over 400 troop carriers mobilizing into Tibet, which would represent a deployment of up to 4,000 troops. The Chinese authorities ordered all Hong Kong and foreign journalists to leave 8273: 370:

As a policy begun by Chairman Mao in 1950, Beijing promotes settlements of Han Chinese within Tibet, which dilute Tibetan culture and identity, as the Dalai Lama and others have stated. The CTA also states,

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accused Western media of deliberately misrepresenting the situation. Among these accusations involved CNN's use of a cropped picture that shows only a military truck but not rioters who were attacking it.

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Protesters in Tibet that were arrested and detained claimed they were tortured and told to admit they were paid to protest by the 14th Dalai Lama. The Chinese government stated the unrest was motivated by

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Foreign tourists and Chinese eyewitnesses in Lhasa said "they saw and heard repeated gunfire there on Friday", 14 March. Although Phuntsok claimed that Chinese police did not fire their guns or use

312:'s location remains unknown. Photographs of the Dalai Lama remain outlawed, as are Tibetan flags. Efforts at brokering agreements on behalf of Tibetans by the Dalai Lama with China had stalled. The 933:

A month after the unrest began on 10 March, the Dalai Lama stated that since the beginning of the demonstrations in Tibet at least 400 people had been killed, and thousands of others arrested.

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by some. Tibetan students at the Medical University of Xining held demonstrations to express their solidarity with the protestors, as well as a vigil for killed protestors in Lhasa.

6307: 984: 789:, stating that searches of monasteries had turned up 176 guns, 13,013 bullets, 19,000 sticks of dynamite, 7,725 pounds of unspecified explosives, two hand grenades, and 350 knives. 2377: 157:, by monks and nuns on 10 March have been viewed as the start of the demonstrations. Numerous protests and demonstrations were held to commemorate the 49th anniversary of the 1959 6105: 970:

reported 5 female retail workers had been burned alive when Tibetan rioters set fire to the Yishion clothing store where they worked. The article noted one of them was Tibetan.

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to address the government of China's policies in Tibet. Specific agreements offered to China include the Five Point Peace Plan in 1987, the Strasbourg proposal in 1988, and the

8238: 8233: 5827: 4934: 8888: 5791: 165:. The protests and demonstrations spread spontaneously to a number of monasteries and throughout the Tibetan plateau, including into counties located outside the designated 4311: 3761: 4341: 8263: 7140: 5561: 3335: 4589: 5386: 3468: 3081:"Sie haben sich am heftigsten beklagt, dass sie nicht die gleichen Stellen oder die gleiche Schulbildung bekommen wie die Chinesen, dass die Chinesen mehr Geld haben." 207:

estimated that 150 protests occurred between 10 March and 25 March. The Chinese government reported that 23 people were killed during the riots themselves, while the

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reported on the decision by the Chinese government, which allowed a small group of reporters to tour Tibet. The journalists allowed to tour Tibet included those from

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published "most wanted" posters across its homepage to assist Chinese police in apprehending protestors; 24 Tibetans are believed to have been arrested as a result.

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During special classes for students in the region, videos of Tibetan demonstrators demolishing stores and attacking police were shown. The sessions have been deemed

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due to the expulsion of journalists. The Chinese government stated that it opened fire on protestors in self defense on 20 March, reporting that four were wounded.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Materials on the March 14 Incident in Tibet (I), Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2008, p. 32.

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and at other monasteries active in the demonstrations. As a consequence, monks were suffering starvation, and on 25 March, one monk died from starvation at

737:-based Free Tibet Campaign reported that troops had been sent to the county after protesters used explosives to destroy a bridge near the village of Gudu. 356: 5524: 1236:

After expelling foreign journalists, the Chinese government selected a group of foreign journalists which were given restricted access to the region. The

30: 7311: 5696: 3026: 4493: 4055: 7181: 6678: 6017: 5661: 5364: 1742: 876: 300:, which Tibetans assert began after China's annexation in 1951. Unresolved situations remained regarding Tibet's three highest spiritual leaders - the 3932: 3133: 1394: 1003:, Free Tibet reported on 21 March that dozens of nuns from Mani Nunnery were arrested, while many more Tibetans in the area were reported as missing. 8588: 7745: 7107: 5954: 4850: 2801: 2243: 1298:

stated on 28 March that it feared for the welfare and whereabouts of the monks which spoke out during the media tour, specifically those monks from

8494: 7135: 6155: 6039: 5977: 3985: 6255: 4371: 2120: 1472:, stating that "Americans' conversations and telephones could be monitored and their rooms could be searched without their knowledge or consent". 7321: 6751: 4788: 4712: 4215: 4185: 3839: 3634: 6501: 5913: 5213: 5113: 3906: 2064: 1764: 7557: 5463: 2500: 1331: 1040:, at least 670 Tibetans had been imprisoned in 2009 for activities that included peaceful protest or leaking information to the outside world. 766:

blamed the Dalai Lama's supporters for the recent violence in Tibet, and asserted that security forces exercised restraint in their response.

6069: 4682: 4611: 4393: 4271: 4241: 4211: 3563: 2970: 1360:, attacks on between ten and twenty Chinese embassies and consulates occurred around the same time as attacks on non-Tibetan interests in the 8205: 7533: 7059: 5881: 4960: 3787: 797: 706: 698: 6127: 5583: 4547: 4457: 2464: 1949: 1118:

The Chinese media accused Western media of reporting with inaccuracy and little independent cross-checking. The Chinese state-run newspaper

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reported the Chinese government blocked foreign broadcasters and websites, and denied journalists access to protest areas. Websites such as

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which added 13 of the monks were prosecuted. The Human Rights Watch report stated that "up to 60 monks were arrested" on 10 March in Lhasa.

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reported that an eyewitness saw tear gas being fired into the crowd. The Human Rights Watch report stated hundreds of monks and nuns from

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China's policies which the Dalai Lama describes as "cultural genocide" marginalize Tibetans and create simmering socio-economic issues in

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on 21 March, where police shot and killed a protestor. Chinese army troops blocked roads in Sertar, and many Tibetans were arrested. The

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When Chinese police and military units reentered Lhasa on 14 March, reports state tear gas canisters were launched and shootings began.

9015: 8621: 8185: 6868: 6563: 5038: 4882: 4088: 1577: 313: 255:. At Chinese embassies, protests ranged from pelting the embassies with eggs and rocks to protestors entering the premises and raising 5729: 5615: 2345: 1645: 1486:, normalcy returned on 24 March to some affected areas in Sichuan Province, as schools, shops and restaurants reopened to the public. 8469: 8053: 7656: 7551: 7386: 7339: 3697: 3172: 2032: 8170: 7854: 7196: 7167: 6883: 4986: 965: 7911: 6187: 5781: 5231:"China Expels Last Foreign Journalists From Tibet | Germany| News and in-depth reporting from Berlin and beyond | DW | 20.03.2008" 5063: 3722: 482:, businesses that had Chinese markings were targeted to be burned, smashed or looted. Fires were spread to buildings, and Han and 7018: 6333: 5982: 5949: 5501: 4301: 4181: 4150: 4023: 3541: 886:

Plans for the meeting had been announced by the Xinhua News Agency on April 25, and was confirmed by the Dalai Lama's spokesman.

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On 15 March, 4,000 Tibetans gathered near the Labrang Monastery and clashed with Chinese forces. The clashes centered around the

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alleged 400 Tibetans were killed in total. Foreign journalists were expelled or forced to leave during the uprising anniversary.

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residents, resulting in Han and Hui stores and buildings being destroyed and numerous Chinese civilians being injured or killed.

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Pema Trinley reported, "Only three law-breakers died during the pacification of the Lhasa unrest, no participation from the

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condemned the Dalai Lama's alleged role in the riot, but said the possibility for a dialogue remained open if he renounced

664:. A call received by a Tibetan professor was reported as having said "Take good care of yourself" in a threatening manner. 5008: 4763: 2521:"Tibet Was China's First Laboratory of Repression, Xi Jinping is bringing methods honed in Xinjiang back to the Himalayas" 1828: 9040: 8043: 7258: 7236: 7191: 7145: 6797: 4337: 3953: 3478: 3051: 2852: 1552: 575:

In Hezou on 19 March, footage emerged showing protestors tearing Chinese flags and raising Tibetan flags in their place.

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On April 30, state press acknowledged that a pro-independence gunman and a police officer were killed in a gun battle.

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On 1 April, rhetoric increased when the Chinese Public Security Ministry alleged that Tibet's supporters were planning

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The use of force by Chinese police and military forces during the unrest has been controversial, with some, including

8175: 7306: 7287: 7063: 6965: 6771: 6720: 6619: 6419: 5424: 4462: 2520: 1465: 554:'s Labrang monastery, one of the largest Buddhist monasteries in Tibet. Demonstrators marched through the streets of 162: 6303: 7093: 6776: 6215: 5812: 3869: 1295: 1133:

disclosed that a photograph depicting rioters had been erroneously captioned. Separately, another German station,

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https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/1997/01/Tibet-human-rights-and-the-rule-of-law-thematic-report-1997-eng.pdf

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previous week's rioting in Lhasa had risen to 22. Accordingly, the death toll reported by Xinhua had risen to 19.

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Chinese authorities were also reportedly concerned that the Tibetan protests could "embolden activists in restive

8965: 8846: 8680: 8128: 8088: 7821: 7765: 7381: 7226: 7006: 5318:"China's Forbidden Zones: Shutting the Media Out of Tibet and Other "Sensitive" Stories: V. The Closure of Tibet" 3438: 3084: 1419: 1411: 203:

estimates a total of 235 protests occurred from 10 March until the end of October 2009. The Chinese government's

883:. The two sides exchanged views and agreed that a further round of talks should be held at an appropriate time. 9055: 8523: 8489: 8298: 7901: 7626: 7359: 7246: 7241: 6730: 6664: 5688: 5532: 2493: 1210: 926: 661: 558:. There were reports of government offices being damaged by the protesters, as well as reports of police using 486:

people were beaten, while a building's fire killed four Han women and a Tibetan woman hiding in same building.

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to collect evidence of "one-sided and untrue" foreign reporting. Media accused of falsified reporting include

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On May 4, two representatives of the PRC government, Zhu Weiqun and Sitar met with two representatives of the

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On 14 April, Chinese forces claimed that they had found semi-automatic firearms hidden throughout a temple in

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as closed to protestors by Chinese authorities, and reports of wounded and killed Tibetans were suppressed.

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also reportedly spoke to the journalists on tour, and likewise implored them to report their detainment.

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in Strategic Insights, Volume VII, Issue April 2, 2008. Monterey: Center for Contemporary Conflict (CCC).

5292: 1602: 1423: 1314:. The group did not explain why it identified four monasteries when the protest involved only monks from 817: 514: 80: 6527:

in ISAS Background Briefs, Issue: 61, Mar 24, 2008. Singapore: Institute of South Asian Studies (ISAS).

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Orange refers to Tibet's original land boundaries, subdivided into provinces by China and designated as

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has been routinely used in German media and by German police to describe robust measures in the past:

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Agence France Presse, "Defiant China rejects dialogue, vows to smash Tibetan protests," March 22, 2008

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In Machu on 16 March, rioters set a government building on fire, while clashes continued on 18 March.

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In October 2009, four Tibetans were executed in connection with their involvement with the unrest.

809: 321: 84: 6070:"温总促达赖停止西藏暴力 (Premier: ample facts prove Dalai's role in Lhasa riot, door of dialogue still open)" 2454: 1999: 1052: 9005: 8922: 8481: 8334: 8329: 7849: 7477: 7431: 7253: 7085: 7054: 7044: 6904: 6391: 4557: 3391: 1572: 1361: 1246: 910: 894: 421: 364: 166: 6953: 5978:"大昭寺抗議事件新華社和親中媒體口徑一致 (Jokhang protest incident: Xinhua and pro-China media say the same thing)" 5886: 3756: 3629: 3089: 1137:, admitted that it had mistakenly aired footage from Nepal during a story on Chinese riots. The 721: 656: 8995: 8253: 8212: 7700: 7515: 7364: 6937: 6756: 6607: 5849: 4425: 3280:"Leaked internal document shows China used machine guns to kill Tibetans in March 2008 protest" 3241: 2429: 800:. Chinese police officers told Chinese reporters, "they were modified semi-automatic weapons." 6449: 5317: 5030: 4789:"Leaked documents: Chinese security forces used machine guns to kill Tibetans in 2008 protest" 4110: 2615: 609:

Chinese authorities arrested twelve Tibetan monks after an incident in the historic region of

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A railway link opened in 2006 delivers three thousand Han a day to the region. Within Lhasa,

317: 216: 192: 6469:"Schools in SW China ethnic Tibetan area resume classes after riots - People's Daily Online" 4872: 4333: 3689: 3656: 2775: 450:

departed in a line to demand the release of the arrested Sera monks. An eyewitness told the

8516: 8248: 8153: 7926: 7462: 7421: 7345:

Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

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was watched by the media, because some groups called for a boycott of the ceremony on both

1407: 1237: 1138: 861: 547:

reported witness accounts of security vehicles being set on fire and Tibetan mob violence.

305: 248: 158: 5089:"More than a thousand monks and many civilians have disappeared since the March crackdown" 3169: 2024: 1696: 1281:

On 27 March, the media tour through Lhasa was disrupted by a group of detained monks from

593:

The Tibetan government-in-exile stated that 19 Tibetans were shot and killed on 18 March.

8: 9000: 8727: 8560: 8258: 7969: 7621: 6922: 6888: 6852: 6842: 6837: 6817: 1547: 668: 412: 142: 4982: 2701:"The 17-point Agreement - What China promised, what it really delivered and the future?" 996:

The first non-monastic Tibetans were reportedly arrested in Barkhor Square on 11 March.

8903: 8868: 8685: 8655: 8501: 8370: 8313: 8113: 8108: 8093: 7705: 7563: 7349: 6792: 6684: 6669: 6132: 6100: 4275: 4245: 4083: 3726: 2904: 2754: 2059: 1900: 1737: 1458: 1373: 1061: 897:, the two sides agreed to postpone the meeting. The second meeting was held on July 1. 684: 579: 505: 494: 428: 204: 188: 6329: 5489: 4189: 4142: 4015: 3531: 3509: 3147: 1968:"People's Republic of China: The Olympics countdown – crackdown on Tibetan protesters" 1803: 176:

increased the tension of the situation. Clashes occurred between Tibetans and Chinese

8878: 8665: 8660: 8243: 8133: 8118: 7299: 7069: 6807: 6705: 6659: 6631: 6476: 6160: 5755: 5584:"Earth Times: show/194241,german-tv-channel-admits-film-error-in-tibet-coverage.html" 5455: 5356: 5160: 4646: 4520: 4115: 3593: 3399: 3249: 3128: 2776:"Tibet could be 'swamped' by mass Chinese settlement after Olympics, says Dalai Lama" 2746: 2674: 2564: 2183: 1863: 1704: 1482: 1319: 1315: 1303: 1282: 1271: 1263: 1197: 1076: 1015: 950: 790: 534: 432: 329: 309: 297: 173: 5668: 4182:"Premier: ample facts prove Dalai's role in Lhasa riot, door of dialogue still open" 3191: 2635: 1950:""I Saw It with My Own Eyes": Abuses by Chinese Security Forces in Tibet, 2008-2010" 988:

Tibetans arrested by Chinese authorities. The signs list their crime and their name.

8958: 8858: 8809: 8792: 8675: 8609: 8449: 8278: 8180: 8158: 7829: 7760: 7527: 7160: 7039: 6710: 6654: 6613: 5917: 4656: 4489: 3723:"川阿壩警開槍自衛四暴徒受傷 (Sichuan, Ngawa police fire in self defence; four rioters wounded)" 2992: 2738: 2620: 2404: 1494: 1336: 1307: 1275: 1060:

During the protests and demonstrations, Chinese authorities prohibited foreign and

954: 644: 626: 517:" was revised to add that another person "jumped from a building" to avoid arrest. 464: 333: 196: 6386: 5211:

Congressional Executive Commission On China, Annual Report 2009 (October 10, 2009)

1318:. Choling later told reporters the monks would not be punished. Detained monks at 443:'s account of the demonstrations did not mention any violence occurring that day. 8873: 8863: 8760: 8399: 8394: 8380: 8143: 8006: 7994: 7888: 7875: 7155: 6878: 6505: 6456: 6277: 6188:"China vows to protect its territory, blames Dalai Lama for attacks on embassies" 5831: 5674: 5665: 5656: 5619: 5217: 5139: 5120: 4905:"Ramoche monk dies from starvation as tight restrictions continue in Monasteries" 4774: 4770: 4742: 3473: 3339: 3176: 2808: 2504: 1582: 1523: 1431: 1258: 922: 832: 771: 460: 301: 6356: 5633:"Chinesisches Sicherheitspersonal im Steinhagel. Das Militär reagiert mit Härte" 4242:"China's central gov't officials meet with Dalai Lama's private representatives" 2825:"Beijing sends a new flood of Han migrants to Lhasa: Tibetans risk disappearing" 1188:

riots in Lhasa and the aftermath which was broadcast for several hours. China's

537:

monks led a crowd of 300 people in demonstrations outside of their monastery in

268:

Lama held talks on China's Tibet policies on 4 May and 1 July of the same year.

8974: 8929: 8909: 8835: 8777: 7893: 7750: 7725: 7509: 7411: 7218: 6959: 6873: 6832: 6250: 5835: 5132: 4368: 3119: 2525: 1415: 1311: 1299: 1241: 1130: 1014:

During a Chinese state sponsored tour for journalists on 7 April, two monks at

958: 946: 937: 914: 844: 786: 472: 455: 447: 440: 376: 325: 281: 146: 5189: 1381:

made its six-month trip around the world. This included advice on maintaining

8989: 8883: 8351: 7569: 5459: 5360: 5164: 4651: 4272:"China's decision to meet Dalai's representative receives positive responses" 3403: 3253: 2750: 2678: 2568: 2187: 1867: 1708: 1447: 1378: 1368: 1341: 1291: 1082: 779: 256: 224: 4548:"Tibet governor promises leniency, says death toll is 16 as protests spread" 1064:

from entering Tibet and expelled those already there. Two German reporters,

8841: 8797: 8787: 8739: 8734: 8717: 8365: 8036: 7641: 7545: 6601: 5945:"拉薩大昭寺僧侶要求向世人傳達真象 (Lhasa Jokhang monks request truth be told to the world)" 5724: 4983:"For victims of Tibet riots, a complex fate – International Herald Tribune" 4815:"Internal report shows China used lethal force during '08 Lhasa repression" 3196: 2424: 1515: 1442: 1382: 1221: 1214: 1185: 1093: 625:). Chinese security forces surrounded the Ditsa monastery in Bayan County. 551: 543: 478: 363:

in 2008. Tibetan loyalty to the Dalai Lama is considered disloyalty to the

6540: 5416: 775:

and proposed to resign as the political leader if the violence continued.

748:

The BBC reported that around 16 March, 600 monks from Lhasa were flown to

8822: 8817: 7611: 6192: 5854: 4552: 4430: 3873: 3661: 1529: 1454: 1120: 1065: 483: 340: 177: 90: 8575: 2758: 2726: 827:

province" to organise street protests as well. The Chinese government's

8934: 8722: 8528: 8019: 7883: 7606: 7521: 4931:"China tightens monastery blockade, monk dies of starvation (1st Lead)" 3306:"Eyewitness account of violence between protesters and police in Tibet" 2742: 2340: 1640: 1403: 1353: 1345: 1206: 1126: 1000: 872: 868: 857: 763: 714: 264: 212: 181: 141:

in Tibetan media, was a series of protests and demonstrations over the

94: 8444: 6578: 2853:""Lhasa's Tibetans will soon be nothing but decorations for tourists"" 816:. According to General Yang Deping, regular military troops from the 697:

On 16 March, Tibetan monks and local residents clashed with police in

493:

reports that machine guns were used. State hospitals were reported by

247:. Many of the international protests also called for a boycott of the 8690: 8404: 8239:

29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)

8234:

13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)

7984: 7755: 5752:"Crush "Tibet independence" forces' conspiracy, People's Daily urges" 3469:"Q&A: The showdown in Tibet. Why would Tibet boil over right now" 1252: 1192: 1155: 1111: 236: 1461:

to boycott the opening ceremonies because of the violence in Tibet.

8360: 7939: 5786: 5349:"Nationalism at core of China's angry reaction to Tibetan protests" 4877: 3536: 1160: 1150: 1142: 1070: 880: 824: 755: 660:

reported that residents were receiving intimidating calls from the

583: 559: 8264:

Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)

7115: 6072:(in Chinese). Hong Kong: Wen Wei Po. 31 March 2008. Archived from 4843:"China's premier blames Dalai Lama 'clique' for violence in Tibet" 8828: 8782: 8697: 7989: 7786: 7340:

Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR

6533:

Tibetans Rise Up, as Hope Overtakes Fear on China’s Western Front

5497: 4584: 4398: 2498:

https://tibet.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tibetprotest2008.pdf

2459: 2248: 2147: 1098: 749: 640: 633: 618: 610: 566: 259:, which was outlawed in Tibet by the Chinese government in 1959. 232: 6278:"Brazilian president will not attend Olympic ceremony: official" 3840:"Report: Over 100 surrender, admit involvement in Tibet clashes" 2933: 893:

A second meeting was scheduled for June 11. However, due to the

689: 601: 8707: 8356: 7999: 7710: 5720:"State TV switches to non-stop footage of Chinese under attack" 5631:

The caption under the Spiegel Online picture in question reads

5622:

Spiegel Online: Schlachtfeld der tausend Wahrheiten (in German)

5188:. Tibetan Center for Human Rights and Democracy. Archived from 4686: 4615: 2372: 1567: 1446:

emphasized that it was not to boycott the Olympics; one German

1286: 1181:, CNN apologized on May 18 over some comments made on April 9. 1106: 1007: 741: 734: 730: 651: 228: 6010:"Activists fear for Tibetan monks who protested at media tour" 4365:"China's Tibet Talks May Skirt Autonomy Demands of Dalai Lama" 3625:""Take Care": Control like in Mao's Days in Tibetan Territory" 3564:"Questions, answers about casualties, damages of recent riots" 3333:

As long as there are separists, there will be 3-14 event again

2727:"Identity Insecurity and the Tibetan Resistance Against China" 1498:

interests of the Tibetan people, including religious freedom.

525: 417: 292:

The protests erupted amidst growing frustrations with China's

276: 8893: 8712: 8702: 7817: 2400:"China Accuses Tibetan Protesters of Killing Innocent People" 1141:

reported that Chinese students abroad had set up the website

925:

said China was causing a cultural genocide in Tibet, and the

813: 569:

on 16 March, 100 students participated in a sitting protest.

555: 538: 436: 384: 244: 240: 154: 150: 45: 5387:"China says storm of bad publicity may hurt Olympic turnout" 8439: 8434: 7934: 6450:

https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=4492008&page=1

6304:"Harper says Olympics boycott would be ineffective: report" 1134: 1011:

leading to the death and disappearance of one of the nuns.

622: 587: 5153:"Group Says China Has Executed 4 for Roles in Tibet Riots" 5031:"Group Says China Has Executed 4 for Roles in Tibet Riots" 2368:"Tibetans activists try to storm Chinese embassy in Delhi" 56:

Alleged mistreatment of Tibetans by the Chinese government

8670: 6423: 6043: 6013: 5641: 4846: 4716: 3901: 3843: 1769: 1177:

has rejected the accusations in an article. According to

1170: 1146: 843:

In addition to sealing off monasteries, an eyewitness at

451: 5813:

Foreign press taken to Tibet, China says 660 surrendered

5613:

http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/0,1518,542545,00.html

4516:"18 civilians, 1 police officer killed by Lhasa rioters" 2616:"URGENT Chinese Block Roads, Arrest Monks After Protest" 632:

On 19 March, Chinese forces cordoned off the village of

211:

claimed 203 were killed in the aftermath alone, and the

6246:"Olympic Torch Draws Buenos Aires Protests for Boycott" 5635:. anti-cnn.com translates only the second sentence, to 4683:"Arrest warrants issued for 29 suspects in Lhasa riots" 4612:"13 civilians burned or stabbed to death in Lhasa riot" 4394:"Tibet, China talks postponed after quake – Dalai aide" 3725:. Hong Kong: Da Kung Pao. 21 March 2008. Archived from 3170:

http://www.rfa.org/english/news/2008/03/12/tibet_march/

471:

On 14 March, a group of monks preparing to depart from

8289:

Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)

8274:

Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)

6545:

in The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, August 2008.

6448:

ABC News: Headed for Olympics? Beware of Big Brother:

6128:"Beijing has become the guardian of the Chinese brand" 5293:"Transcript: James Miles interview on Tibet - CNN.com" 4933:. Monsters and Critics. March 26, 2008. Archived from 1765:"Transcript: James Miles interview on Tibet – CNN.com" 1402:

There were rumors that some athletes were considering

5558:"China bars foreign journalists, tourists from Tibet" 5490:"World leaders to attend Olympics opening in Beijing" 3342:(Trad Chinese) China Review News Agency, 22 June 2008 1538:

Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China

1389: 582:

reported the cost of damage in Gansu at an estimated

6156:"Olympic official: athletes mulling Beijing boycott" 5064:"Tibetan nun disappeared since 2008 died of torture" 3392:"Chinese Forces Say They've Secured Tibet's Capital" 2276:"Tibetan protesters attack London's Chinese embassy" 1901:"China accused of excessive force over Tibet unrest" 1505: 1340:

A Free Tibet rally outside the Chinese consulate in

1018:

that spoke out to reporters have since disappeared.

339:

Of the 1989 bloody suppression in Lhasa, journalist

223:

Protests supporting Tibetans were held in cities in

5782:"Yahoo and MSN helping to root out Tibetan rioters" 4079:"Tibetans Clash With Chinese Police in Second City" 3566:. Xinhua News Agency. 25 March 2008. Archived from 2420:"Dalai Lama calls for end to anti-Olympic protests" 504:A crowd of 70-80 Tibetan youths tried to storm the 6387:"Polish government to boycott opening of Olympics" 3688:Watts, Jonathan; Branigan, Tania (18 March 2008). 2667:"Violence in Tibet as Monks Clash With the Police" 2244:"Eggs, flags and tempers fly at Chinese consulate" 2087:"Tibet protesters missing, Amnesty says - CNN.com" 1856:"Violence in Tibet as Monks Clash With the Police" 1036:According to a 10 October 2009 report by the U.S. 7746:Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location 5488:Cutler, David; Murdoch, Gillian (6 August 2008). 5024: 5022: 4580:"China and Dalai Lama face off over Tibet unrest" 4334:"China says door 'wide open' on Dalai Lama talks" 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 2878:Tibet, International Campaign for (20 May 2013). 2113:"Tibet protesters disrupt Olympic flame ceremony" 1434:also reiterated that he was against any boycott. 1213:of orchestrating the protests in its commentary. 8987: 7136:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party 4959:. Thaindian News. March 26, 2008. Archived from 4212:"Premier: Door of dialogue still opens to Dalai" 2960: 2214:"Nepal police break up Tibet protests, 284 held" 2110: 1468:issued a warning to U.S. citizens attending the 756:Responses from Chinese government and Dalai Lama 4713:"Dalai Lama: China causing 'cultural genocide'" 3889: 3690:"Tension rises as armed police mass in capital" 2143:"TIMELINE: Day-by-day record of Tibet protests" 1829:"'I can't just let this guy die on the ground'" 851: 446:The next day on 11 March as 300–400 monks from 7581:Information operations and information warfare 7558:Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism 5483: 5481: 5019: 4786: 3453: 3303: 3216: 3118: 2698: 2306:"Tibetans protest near China embassy in Nepal" 1332:International reactions to 2008 Tibetan unrest 8206:Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China 7802: 7101: 7060:Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China 6564: 6420:"Tibet Activists Plan Olympic-Relay Protests" 5487: 4812: 3986:"China says firearms found in Tibetan temple" 3834: 3832: 3687: 3242:"Putting Faces on 5 Victims of Tibetan Riots" 2905:"Is development killing Tibet's way of life?" 2880:"Destruction of Lhasa revealed in new images" 2176:"Tibetans Protest in Delhi, but March Is Off" 2111:Stratton, Allegra; agencies (24 March 2008). 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1669: 979: 707:Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy 6524:The Third Tibetan Uprising: India's Response 4957:"Monk in Lhasa monastery died of starvation" 4216:Government of the People's Republic of China 4186:Government of the People's Republic of China 3897:"Transcript: James Miles interview on Tibet" 3431:"Tibet riots continue after day of violence" 3424: 3422: 3420: 2557:"China's Money and Migrants Pour Into Tibet" 1636:"Dalai Lama Calls Again For Crackdown Probe" 1437:The attendance of government leaders at the 900: 35:Tibetan monks in Chinese custody, April 2008 7498:Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries 5882:"Mönche stören Journalistenbesuch in Lhasa" 5689:"China: CNN Apologizes Over Tibet Comments" 5478: 4837: 4835: 4675: 2800:International Commission of Jurists, 1997, 2770: 2768: 2449: 2447: 1410:over the unrest. The vice-president of the 1038:Congressional-Executive Commission on China 740:Radio Free Asia reported demonstrations in 431:, a group of 300–400 protesting monks from 316:include earlier mass protests in Lhasa—the 7809: 7795: 7108: 7094: 6571: 6557: 4907:. Tibet.net. 25 March 2008. Archived from 4234: 3829: 3784:"China blankets Tibetan areas with troops" 3657:"Tibet protests spread to other provinces" 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3274: 3272: 3270: 2660: 2658: 2656: 1789: 1578:Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950 678: 380:redistributed, as reported by Free Tibet. 314:protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950 29: 7657:List of Hong Kong national security cases 7355:Independent Commission Against Corruption 6180: 5914:"Tibet Monks Disrupt Tour by Journalists" 5806: 5552: 5550: 5525:"China blocks YouTube, Yahoo! over Tibet" 5133:China arrests over 2300 Tibetans in Tibet 5082: 5080: 5058: 5056: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4046:"Tibet media ban damages Beijing's cause" 3417: 3200:, March 17, 2008. Accessed 2009-07-17. 3046: 3044: 2956: 2954: 2928: 2926: 2847: 2845: 2455:"China, Dalai Lama's envoys resume talks" 2336:"Tibetans storm Chinese Embassy in Paris" 1358:Premier of the People's Republic of China 1325: 1231: 7197:National Defense Mobilization Commission 6354: 5841: 5717: 5522: 5228: 4832: 4647:"China official paper: crush protesters" 4458:"The victims are all innocent civilians" 4386: 4362: 3954:"China finds firearms in Tibetan temple" 3746: 3744: 3359: 3357: 2765: 2514: 2512: 2444: 1944: 1942: 1450:said that there was "no link to Tibet". 1430:, who condemned politicizing sport. The 1393: 1364:and several other ethnic Tibetan areas. 1335: 1051: 983: 688: 600: 524: 416: 275: 7288:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police 7019:2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests 5847: 5686: 5346: 5086: 5001: 4111:"11th Panchen Lama condemns Lhasa riot" 4076: 3532:"Key places and events in Tibet unrest" 3510:"Key places and events in Tibet unrest" 3493: 3466: 3428: 3389: 3267: 3239: 2822: 2818: 2816: 2724: 2664: 2653: 2590:"Protests in Tibet erupt into violence" 2047: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1853: 1727: 1725: 1630: 1628: 8988: 7963:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs 7736:Picking quarrels and provoking trouble 7534:1983 "Strike Hard" Anti-crime Campaign 7242:provincial Public Security Departments 6417: 6258:from the original on 26 September 2020 6096:"How three Canadians upstaged Beijing" 5850:"Foreign journalists allowed in Tibet" 5547: 5504:from the original on 26 September 2020 5150: 5114:Tibet protesters missing, Amnesty says 5077: 5053: 5041:from the original on 27 September 2011 5028: 4663:from the original on 26 September 2020 4634: 4374:from the original on 26 September 2020 4344:from the original on 26 September 2020 3948: 3946: 3933:"China Alleges Tibet 'Suicide Squads'" 3930: 3806: 3804: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3192:"Canadians caught in Tibet's violence" 3041: 2963:"Protests expose rifts among Tibetans" 2951: 2923: 2842: 2550: 2548: 2533:from the original on 26 September 2020 2486: 2484: 2482: 1994: 1992: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1228:to save a Han Chinese man from a mob. 636:, where the 14th Dalai Lama was born. 615:Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 324:which were likewise led by monks from 8044:People's Republic of China (PRC) rule 7790: 7089: 6552: 6226:from the original on 6 September 2018 6040:"Police shut Muslim quarter in Lhasa" 5942: 5186:"A Tibetan woman succumbs to torture" 4426:"Chinese security forces swarm Tibet" 4058:from the original on 14 December 2018 3926: 3924: 3741: 3717: 3715: 3354: 3328: 3326: 3212: 3210: 3186: 3184: 3136:from the original on 9 November 2020. 3114: 3112: 2997:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus 2877: 2518: 2509: 2173: 1745:from the original on 25 February 2020 1733:"Tibetan riots spread outside region" 1603:Persecution of Buddhists § Tibet 1439:2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony 1184:Chinese TV channels aired footage of 835:, which condemned the unrest, stating 629:borders the Tibet Autonomous Region. 8171:1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet 7074:East Turkestan independence movement 6497:Congressional Executive Commission. 6216:"Dalai Lama against Olympic boycott" 6062: 5986:(in Chinese). Taipei. Archived from 5953:(in Chinese). Taipei. Archived from 5825:China escorts foreign press to Tibet 5523:Richards, Jonathan (17 March 2008). 5445: 5397:from the original on 13 October 2018 5261:"HK journalists thrown out of Tibet" 4143:"Eyewitness: Monk 'kicked to floor'" 3996:from the original on 19 October 2017 3966:from the original on 19 October 2017 3931:Bodeen, Christopher (1 April 2008). 3590:"Dalai Lama calls for calm in Tibet" 3544:from the original on 19 October 2020 3219:"Tibetan-Muslim tensions roil China" 3148:"Eyewitness: Monk 'kicked to floor'" 3029:from the original on 15 January 2021 2973:from the original on 19 October 2017 2813: 2554: 2392: 1919: 1823: 1821: 1722: 1672:"The 2008 uprising and the Olympics" 1665: 1663: 1625: 401: 9051:Racially motivated violence in Asia 9046:Violence against indigenous peoples 7247:city/county Public Security Bureaus 6357:"Call for Olympic boycott rejected" 6020:from the original on March 29, 2008 5862:from the original on March 28, 2008 5848:Hutlzer, Charles (March 26, 2008). 5594:from the original on 29 August 2012 4743:"Burning debate over relay boycott" 4438:from the original on March 18, 2008 4338:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3943: 3801: 3752:"Beijing deploys army against nuns" 3669:from the original on March 18, 2008 3612: 3467:Spencer, Richard (March 15, 2008). 2545: 2479: 1989: 1886: 1608:Anti-Chinese sentiment § Tibet 13: 8149:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910) 8104:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720) 7816: 7691:Inciting subversion of state power 7504:Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns 7035:Anti-incinerator movement in China 7001:2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest 6848:Zhejiang solar panel plant protest 6596:2002–2003 Chinese protest movement 6515: 6367:from the original on 29 March 2008 6310:from the original on 10 April 2008 5975: 5794:from the original on 24 March 2008 5762:from the original on 26 March 2008 5732:from the original on 20 March 2008 5564:from the original on 25 March 2008 5466:from the original on 13 March 2018 5427:from the original on 26 March 2018 5367:from the original on 26 March 2018 5241:from the original on 26 March 2018 5151:Jacobs, Andrew (24 October 2009). 5029:Jacobs, Andrew (23 October 2009). 4885:from the original on 21 March 2008 4853:from the original on 19 March 2008 4496:from the original on 18 March 2008 4486:"Ten people killed in Tibet riots" 4363:Zacharia, Janine (26 April 2008). 4314:from the original on 29 April 2008 4153:from the original on 18 March 2008 4123:from the original on 21 March 2008 4091:from the original on 11 April 2009 4026:from the original on 25 March 2008 4016:"China steps up Tibetan crackdown" 3921: 3909:from the original on 11 April 2008 3790:from the original on 24 March 2008 3712: 3700:from the original on 18 March 2008 3637:from the original on 31 March 2008 3600:from the original on 19 March 2008 3429:Spencer, Richard (15 March 2008). 3365:"Tibet gripped by violent clashes" 3323: 3229:from the original on 22 June 2010. 3207: 3181: 3168:Radio Free Asia, (12 March 2008), 3109: 3097:from the original on 27 March 2008 2961:Gavin Rabinowitz (18 March 2008). 2467:from the original on 13 March 2009 2428:. 2 September 2013. Archived from 2380:from the original on 26 March 2018 2348:from the original on 27 March 2018 2316:from the original on 26 March 2018 2256:from the original on 27 March 2018 2224:from the original on 26 March 2018 2194:from the original on 26 March 2018 2155:from the original on 26 March 2018 2123:from the original on 27 March 2018 2035:from the original on 26 March 2018 1874:from the original on 26 March 2018 1648:from the original on 26 March 2018 1390:Impact on the 2008 Summer Olympics 879:, in the southern Chinese city of 163:14th Dalai Lama escaped from Tibet 14: 9067: 9016:Riots and civil disorder in China 8186:Protests and uprisings since 1950 8176:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet 7064:Phuntsog self-immolation incident 6721:Tonghua Iron and Steel Group riot 6430:from the original on 8 April 2008 6399:from the original on 5 April 2008 6336:from the original on 16 July 2011 6330:"Greens call for Olympic boycott" 6284:from the original on 5 April 2008 6108:from the original on 1 April 2008 5894:from the original on 8 April 2008 5718:Branigan, Tania (18 March 2008). 5699:from the original on 23 July 2016 5448:"Why Nobody's Boycotting Beijing" 5328:from the original on 30 July 2019 4873:"UN calls for restraint in Tibet" 4787:Staff Reporter (22 August 2014). 4764:Le dalaï-lama, la Chine et Hitler 4592:from the original on 3 April 2008 3870:"An Appeal to the Chinese People" 3764:from the original on 26 June 2008 2993:"Rethinking China's Tibet Policy" 2519:Dolma, Kelsang (31 August 2020). 2067:from the original on 2 March 2010 1818: 1660: 1414:discouraged this, as well as the 1047: 808:China responded by deploying the 643:, demonstrations occurred at the 308:both escaped to India, while the 8294:70,000 Character Petition (1962) 8284:Seventeen Point Agreement (1951) 6491: 6461: 6442: 6418:Berkes, Howard (23 March 2008). 6411: 6379: 6355:Lungescu, Oana (28 March 2008). 6348: 6322: 6296: 6270: 6238: 6208: 6148: 6120: 6088: 6046:. March 28, 2008. Archived from 6032: 6002: 5969: 5943:Huang, Jikuan (March 27, 2008). 5936: 5920:. March 27, 2008. Archived from 5906: 5874: 5818: 5774: 5744: 5711: 5680: 5625: 5606: 5576: 5516: 5439: 5409: 5379: 5340: 5310: 5285: 5269:. March 18, 2008. Archived from 5253: 5222: 5204: 5178: 5144: 5126: 5106: 4989:from the original on 29 May 2008 4975: 4949: 4923: 4897: 4865: 4813:tibetanreview (24 August 2014). 4806: 4780: 4757: 4735: 4719:. March 17, 2008. Archived from 4705: 4604: 4556:. March 17, 2008. Archived from 4528:from the original on 6 July 2008 4302:"China to meet Dalai Lama aides" 3846:. March 19, 2008. Archived from 3304:Guardian Staff (15 March 2008). 3240:Barboza, David (28 March 2008). 3062:from the original on 26 May 2009 3019:"REASONS FOR UNREST ARE ANCIENT" 2884:International Campaign for Tibet 2004:International Campaign for Tibet 1804:"Accounts from Lhasa and beyond" 1522: 1508: 1296:International Campaign for Tibet 201:International Campaign for Tibet 145:'s treatment and persecution of 127:203-400 (per CTA and Dalai Lama) 73: 8269:Anglo-Russian Convention (1907) 7766:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 7652:Hong Kong national security law 7283:People's Courts Judicial Police 7007:2022 COVID-19 protests in China 6542:Rethinking China's Tibet Policy 6164:. 17 March 2008. Archived from 5637:"army responded with cruel act" 5446:Walt, Vivienne (16 July 2008). 5009:"China kills Tibetan insurgent" 4689:. 25 March 2008. Archived from 4618:. 17 March 2008. Archived from 4572: 4540: 4508: 4478: 4450: 4418: 4356: 4326: 4294: 4278:. 26 April 2008. Archived from 4264: 4218:. 18 March 2008. Archived from 4204: 4188:. 18 March 2008. Archived from 4174: 4165: 4135: 4103: 4070: 4038: 4008: 3978: 3886:An Appeal to the Chinese People 3862: 3812:"Tibetan Nuns Jailed, Detained" 3776: 3681: 3649: 3582: 3556: 3524: 3383: 3345: 3297: 3233: 3217:Barbara Demick (23 June 2008). 3162: 3140: 3074: 3052:"Fire on the roof of the world" 3011: 2985: 2897: 2871: 2794: 2718: 2692: 2628: 2608: 2582: 2412: 2360: 2328: 2298: 2268: 2236: 2206: 2167: 2135: 2104: 2079: 2017: 1960: 1773:. 11 April 2008. Archived from 1553:History of Tibet (1950–present) 1412:International Olympic Committee 1398:Sign from 2008 Olympic protests 803: 596: 8524:Patron and priest relationship 8490:Central Tibetan Administration 8299:Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy 7627:Central Case Examination Group 7360:Hong Kong Disciplined Services 6798:Chinese pro-democracy protests 6716:Self-immolation of Tang Fuzhen 6332:. NZCity News. 11 April 2008. 6280:. turkishpress. 2 April 2008. 5976:Wu, Ningkang (27 March 2008). 5687:Barboza, David (16 May 2008). 5347:Yardley, Jim (30 March 2008). 5229:(www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. 4793:Central Tibetan Administration 4077:Yardley, Jim (16 March 2008). 3390:Yardley, Jim (15 March 2008). 2705:Central Tibetan Administration 2699:Staff Reporter (23 May 2019). 2665:Yardley, Jim (15 March 2008). 2494:Central Tibetan Administration 2025:"达赖和"西藏人民大起义运动"脱不了干系_新闻中心_新浪网" 1854:Yardley, Jim (15 March 2008). 1847: 1757: 1689: 1670:tibetanreview (21 June 2018). 1211:Central Tibetan Administration 927:Central Tibetan Administration 729:A wave of arrests occurred in 361:Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy 353:Central Tibetan Administration 284:(and other ethnic minorities) 209:Central Tibetan Administration 105:Central Tibetan Administration 1: 9021:Tibetan independence movement 8889:Historical and cultural sites 8254:Convention of Calcutta (1890) 7417:Commission Against Corruption 4402:. 6 June 2008. Archived from 3786:. Yahoo News. 20 March 2008. 2555:Wong, Edward (24 July 2010). 1618: 1593:Tibetan independence movement 1115:website had been restricted. 520: 427:According to a report by the 396:Tibetan Independence Movement 271: 8229:Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684) 7647:Grid-style social management 7637:Death sentence with reprieve 7632:Civil Servant-Family Pair Up 7468:Correctional Services Bureau 7370:National Security Department 7202:Ministry of National Defense 7175:United Front Work Department 7141:National Security Commission 6966:Minjiang University protests 6869:Anti-Japanese demonstrations 6772:Xinfa aluminum plant protest 6620:Anti-Japanese demonstrations 5890:(in German). 27 March 2008. 4248:. 4 May 2008. Archived from 3633:(in German). 28 March 2008. 3124:"Tales of horror from Tibet" 3093:(in German). 23 March 2008. 2174:Kumar, Hari (1 April 2008). 1491:Open Constitution Initiative 1475: 967:International Herald Tribune 852:PRC and Dalai Lama dialogues 752:by Chinese security forces. 562:and shooting at protesters. 7: 8249:Treaty of Thapathali (1856) 8139:British expedition to Tibet 8129:Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856) 8099:Battle of the Salween River 7192:Ministry of Public Security 7146:Central Military Commission 6933:Golf factory workers strike 6884:Tibetan protests in Sichuan 6752:Guangzhou language protests 2503:September 27, 2020, at the 1501: 1493:(OCI), operated by several 1367:According to an article by 454:that around 300 monks from 16:Political violence in Tibet 10: 9072: 9041:Indigenous rights protests 8622:Postage and postal history 8074:Tibetan attack on Songzhou 7741:Re-education through labor 7278:Judicial Administrative PP 7187:Ministry of State Security 7012:Zhengzhou Foxconn Protests 6777:Self-immolation in Yihuang 6455:February 25, 2019, at the 3992:. Reuters. 14 April 2008. 1613:List of massacres in China 1598:Tibetan sovereignty debate 1329: 1268:Korean Broadcasting System 980:Arrests and disappearances 682: 613:, which is located in the 410: 137:, also referred to as the 8952: 8808: 8651: 8644: 8617: 8608: 8574: 8477: 8468: 8427: 8325: 8321: 8312: 8221: 8084:Mongol invasions of Tibet 8064: 7868: 7837: 7828: 7776:Holistic security concept 7771:Xinjiang internment camps 7594: 7540:Persecution of Falun Gong 7490: 7402: 7330: 7217: 7128: 7027: 6987: 6972:Delivery Knights Alliance 6946: 6897: 6861: 6785: 6739: 6698: 6665:Shenzhen anti-police riot 6647: 6588: 6504:November 3, 2009, at the 6395:. Warsaw. 27 March 2008. 5216:November 3, 2009, at the 5119:January 26, 2012, at the 3959:The Sydney Morning Herald 2857:The Observers - France 24 2725:Topgyal, Tsering (2013). 2055:"China's Forbidden Zones" 1105:website, portions of the 901:Casualties and fatalities 647:between 14 and 16 March. 253:Reporters Without Borders 121: 116: 65: 60: 52: 40: 28: 23: 8482:Tibet Autonomous Region 8244:Treaty of Chushul (1842) 8196:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest 7552:Anti-corruption campaign 7312:State Secrets Protection 7151:People's Liberation Army 7050:Labor relations in China 6828:Shanghai Truckers strike 6813:Fuzhou, Jiangxi bombings 6767:Tibetan language protest 6306:. CTV.ca. 8 April 2008. 5531:. London. Archived from 4051:South China Morning Post 3437:. London. Archived from 3338:October 6, 2017, at the 2636:"30 years of resistance" 2000:"2008-2009 Protest Logs" 1466:U.S. Department of State 1452:Prime Minister of Poland 1109:portal, and sections of 1056:Protest in San Francisco 895:2008 Sichuan earthquakes 831:reported a statement by 818:People's Liberation Army 406: 81:People's Liberation Army 8589:TAR People's Government 8549:Serfs' Emancipation Day 8089:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war 7227:Supervisory Commissions 7055:Mass incidents in China 7045:Egg fried rice protests 6978:Inner Mongolia protests 6928:Tiananmen Square attack 6802:Crackdown on dissidents 6679:International reactions 6392:Warsaw Business Journal 5758:Online. 22 March 2008. 5618:March 23, 2008, at the 4769:April 22, 2008, at the 3175:March 30, 2008, at the 1573:Phurbu Tsering Rinpoche 1362:Tibet Autonomous Region 1247:The Wall Street Journal 911:Tibet Autonomous Region 679:Kham & Amdo/Sichuan 650:In the capital city of 422:Tibet Autonomous Region 365:Chinese Communist Party 351:The Dalai Lama and the 172:The arrest of monks at 167:Tibet Autonomous Region 8259:Treaty of Lhasa (1904) 8213:Special Frontier Force 7701:Judiciary of Hong Kong 7516:Anti-Rightist Campaign 7439:Public Security Police 7427:Unitary Police Service 7350:PLA Hong Kong Garrison 6938:Zhengzhou Airport riot 6608:Hefei student protests 5830:April 8, 2008, at the 5673:April 8, 2008, at the 5664:April 8, 2008, at the 5655:April 8, 2008, at the 5560:. IBN. 21 March 2008. 5138:April 8, 2008, at the 3085:"Die Jugend will mehr" 2491:Tibetan protests 2008 2063:: 32–33. 7 July 2008. 1399: 1349: 1326:International reaction 1232:Foreign reporter group 1074:and Kristin Kupfer of 1057: 1006:Another report on the 989: 841: 694: 662:Public Security Bureau 621:(known to Tibetans as 606: 530: 424: 349: 289: 9056:2000s political riots 8632:Qinghai–Tibet railway 8627:Qinghai-Tibet Highway 8594:TAR People's Congress 8566:India–Tibet relations 8539:Independence movement 8191:1959 Tibetan uprising 8079:Battle of Dafei River 7927:Era of Fragmentation 7473:Macau Customs Service 7295:People's Armed Police 7207:Taiwan Affairs Office 6823:Inner Mongolia unrest 6747:Chinese labour unrest 5815:, AFP, March 26, 2007 4307:Sydney Morning Herald 1975:Amnesty International 1588:Sinicization of Tibet 1563:Human rights in Tibet 1558:Human rights in China 1543:Buddhism and violence 1457:was the one European 1397: 1339: 1055: 1022:Amnesty International 987: 856:On March 19, Premier 837: 810:People's Armed Police 692: 604: 528: 491:Amnesty International 420: 345: 318:1959 Tibetan uprising 306:17th Gyalwang Karmapa 279: 217:Amnesty International 193:Amnesty International 139:2008 Tibetan uprising 102:Tibetan demonstrators 85:People's Armed Police 9031:2008 Summer Olympics 8940:Traditional medicine 8154:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil 7975:Relations with Ming 7945:Relations with Song 7917:Relations with Tang 7855:European exploration 7463:Fire Services Bureau 7422:Macau Security Force 6995:Henan banks protests 6076:on 14 September 2008 5887:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 3757:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 3630:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 3090:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 1408:2008 Summer Olympics 1238:Agence France-Presse 1139:Agence France-Presse 862:Tibetan independence 722:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 657:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 654:, a journalist with 159:Tibetan Uprising Day 9036:Rebellions in China 8584:Regional Government 8561:CIA Tibetan program 8544:Serfdom controversy 8428:Traditional regions 8279:Simla Accord (1914) 8201:2008 Tibetan unrest 8025:List of Qing ambans 7970:Phagmodrupa dynasty 7686:Internet censorship 6762:Suzhou workers riot 6581:protests and unrest 5983:Central News Agency 5950:Central News Agency 5417:"A sporting chance" 3435:The Daily Telegraph 2432:on 2 September 2013 1548:Censorship in China 1348:, on March 17, 2008 820:were not deployed. 413:2008 Lhasa violence 357:Middle Way Approach 355:(CTA) proposed the 296:of Tibetans and of 135:2008 Tibetan unrest 125:23 (per government) 24:2008 Tibetan unrest 8898:(ceremonial scarf) 8869:Dzong architecture 8686:Imperial Preceptor 8556:Sovereignty debate 8502:Etymology of Tibet 8114:Lhasa riot of 1750 8109:Jinchuan campaigns 8094:Battle of Dartsedo 8012:Qing dynasty rule 7955:Yuan dynasty rule 7929:(9th–13th century) 7731:Political offences 7706:Judiciary of Macau 7617:Capital punishment 7564:Operation Fox Hunt 7412:PLA Macau Garrison 7237:Public Security PP 6499:2009 Annual Report 6133:The Globe and Mail 6101:The Globe and Mail 6016:. March 27, 2008. 5693:The New York Times 5588:www.earthtimes.org 5353:The New York Times 5157:The New York Times 5035:The New York Times 4463:Independent Online 4434:. March 15, 2008. 4276:Xinhua News Agency 4246:Xinhua News Agency 4192:on 1 December 2008 4084:The New York Times 3665:. March 16, 2008. 3396:The New York Times 3284:www.amnesty.org.uk 3246:The New York Times 2807:2021-02-21 at the 2743:10.5509/2013863515 2671:The New York Times 2561:The New York Times 2408:. 27 October 2009. 2180:The New York Times 2060:Human Rights Watch 1954:Human Rights Watch 1860:The New York Times 1738:The New York Times 1459:head of government 1420:Olympic Committees 1400: 1374:The Globe and Mail 1350: 1179:The New York Times 1091:Tania Branigan of 1058: 990: 695: 685:2008 Sichuan riots 607: 580:Xinhua News Agency 531: 506:Lhasa Great Mosque 495:Human Rights Watch 429:Human Rights Watch 425: 290: 205:Xinhua News Agency 189:Human Rights Watch 143:Chinese government 9026:Protests in China 8983: 8982: 8948: 8947: 8640: 8639: 8604: 8603: 8507:Foreign relations 8464: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8308: 8307: 8164:Qinghai–Tibet War 8134:Sikkim expedition 8124:Dogra–Tibetan War 8119:Sino-Nepalese War 8054:political leaders 8032:Post-Qing to 1950 7985:Rinpungpa dynasty 7896:(7th–9th century) 7784: 7783: 7716:Life imprisonment 7443:Migration Service 7273:State Security PP 7117:National security 7083: 7082: 7070:Xinjiang conflict 6808:Dalian PX protest 6706:Shaoguan incident 6632:Dongzhou protests 6583:in mainland China 6479:on 6 October 2018 6254:. 11 April 2008. 6222:. 18 March 2008. 6161:The Straits Times 6104:. 29 March 2008. 5957:on April 10, 2008 5790:. 21 March 2008. 5423:. 27 March 2008. 4881:. 17 March 2008. 4849:. 18 March 2008. 4723:on March 16, 2008 4659:. 22 March 2008. 4588:. 18 March 2008. 4560:on March 20, 2008 4524:. 22 March 2008. 4492:. 15 March 2008. 4406:on 21 August 2008 4310:. 26 April 2008. 4149:. 14 March 2008. 4119:. 16 March 2008. 4054:. 19 March 2008. 4022:. 20 March 2008. 3962:. 14 April 2008. 3939:on 12 April 2008. 3905:. 20 March 2008. 3850:on March 18, 2008 3760:. 23 March 2008. 3596:. 19 March 2008. 3540:. 19 March 2008. 3481:on March 18, 2008 3223:Los Angeles Times 3129:Los Angeles Times 3122:(22 March 2008). 3058:. 14 March 2008. 2624:. 5 October 1987. 2252:. 17 March 2008. 1741:. 16 March 2008. 1703:. 14 March 2008. 1480:According to the 1464:On 20 March, the 1320:Labrang Monastery 1304:Drepung Monastery 1283:Jokhang Monastery 1264:Kyodo News Agency 1220:On 17 March, the 1205:also accused the 1016:Labrang Monastery 964:On 28 March, the 951:Drepung monastery 791:Samdhong Rinpoche 535:Labrang Monastery 533:On 14 March, 200 476:According to the 433:Drepung monastery 402:Protests in Tibet 394:According to the 330:Drepung monastery 310:11th Panchen Lama 298:Tibetan Buddhists 174:Labrang Monastery 153:, the capital of 131: 130: 112: 111: 107:(alleged; denied) 9063: 8968: 8961: 8899: 8676:Tibetan Buddhism 8649: 8648: 8615: 8614: 8485: 8475: 8474: 8323: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8181:Battle of Chamdo 8159:Sino-Tibetan War 8015: 7978: 7958: 7948: 7930: 7920: 7907:List of emperors 7897: 7879: 7860:Historical money 7835: 7834: 7811: 7804: 7797: 7788: 7787: 7761:Two-faced person 7528:Shadian incident 7481: 7457: 7435: 7317:Cyberspace Admin 7161:Maritime Militia 7110: 7103: 7096: 7087: 7086: 7040:China PX protest 6711:Shishou incident 6614:Tangshan protest 6573: 6566: 6559: 6550: 6549: 6509: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6475:. Archived from 6465: 6459: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6168:on 19 March 2008 6152: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6050:on April 2, 2008 6036: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5940: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5918:Associated Press 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5845: 5839: 5838:, March 26, 2007 5822: 5816: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5684: 5678: 5645:] In fact, 5629: 5623: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5554: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5520: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5485: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5443: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5273:on April 8, 2008 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5226: 5220: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5148: 5142: 5130: 5124: 5110: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5084: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5060: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5026: 5017: 5016: 5015:. 30 April 2008. 5005: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4963:on April 1, 2008 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4937:on April 3, 2008 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4839: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4784: 4778: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4693:on 22 April 2008 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4657:Associated Press 4643: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4490:Channel NewsAsia 4482: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4340:. 26 July 2007. 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4222:on 22 March 2008 4208: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3950: 3941: 3940: 3935:. Archived from 3928: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3893: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3872:. Archived from 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3836: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3808: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3729:on 28 March 2008 3719: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3621: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3570:on 30 March 2008 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3506: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3477:. Archived from 3464: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3441:on 19 March 2008 3426: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3361: 3352: 3349: 3343: 3330: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3276: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3214: 3205: 3188: 3179: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3116: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3048: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2958: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2930: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2849: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2820: 2811: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2772: 2763: 2762: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2662: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2621:Associated Press 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2552: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2516: 2507: 2488: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2451: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2405:Voice of America 2396: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2286:on 26 March 2018 2282:. Archived from 2272: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2029:news.sina.com.cn 2021: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1996: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1972: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1946: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1897: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1825: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1800: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1777:on 11 April 2008 1761: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1729: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1697:"Tibet protests" 1693: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1667: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1632: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1470:Beijing Olympics 1308:Ganden Monastery 1276:Associated Press 955:Ganden monastery 877:Kelsang Gyaltsen 705:The India-based 693:Sichuan Province 645:Rongwo Monastery 627:Qinghai province 605:Qinghai Province 465:Ganden Monastery 334:Ganden monastery 286:autonomous areas 249:Beijing Olympics 231:, as well as in 79: 77: 76: 67: 66: 33: 21: 20: 9071: 9070: 9066: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9061: 9060: 8986: 8985: 8984: 8979: 8971: 8964: 8957: 8944: 8897: 8804: 8636: 8600: 8570: 8483: 8456: 8423: 8400:Tibetan Plateau 8395:Rongbuk Glacier 8381:Yarlung Tsangpo 8304: 8217: 8144:Batang uprising 8066: 8060: 8013: 8007:Khoshut Khanate 7995:Ganden Phodrang 7990:Tsangpa dynasty 7976: 7956: 7946: 7928: 7918: 7895: 7889:Yarlung dynasty 7877: 7864: 7824: 7815: 7785: 7780: 7696:Judicial system 7590: 7486: 7475: 7451: 7449:Judicial Police 7429: 7398: 7326: 7254:Internet police 7232:People's Police 7213: 7124: 7121:law enforcement 7114: 7084: 7079: 7023: 6983: 6942: 6916:Southern Weekly 6893: 6879:Shifang protest 6857: 6781: 6735: 6731:Xinjiang unrest 6694: 6643: 6638:Dazhou protests 6626:Huashui protest 6589:2001–2007 6584: 6577: 6530:Zellen, Barry. 6518: 6516:Further reading 6513: 6512: 6508:. Oct 10, 2009. 6506:Wayback Machine 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6467: 6466: 6462: 6457:Wayback Machine 6447: 6443: 6433: 6431: 6416: 6412: 6402: 6400: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6370: 6368: 6353: 6349: 6339: 6337: 6328: 6327: 6323: 6313: 6311: 6302: 6301: 6297: 6287: 6285: 6276: 6275: 6271: 6261: 6259: 6244: 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6199: 6197: 6196:. 18 March 2008 6186: 6185: 6181: 6171: 6169: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6139: 6137: 6136:. 19 April 2008 6126: 6125: 6121: 6111: 6109: 6094: 6093: 6089: 6079: 6077: 6068: 6067: 6063: 6053: 6051: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6023: 6021: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5990:on 20 July 2011 5974: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5941: 5937: 5927: 5925: 5924:on July 1, 2012 5912: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5880: 5879: 5875: 5865: 5863: 5846: 5842: 5832:Wayback Machine 5823: 5819: 5811: 5807: 5797: 5795: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5765: 5763: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5733: 5716: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5685: 5681: 5675:Wayback Machine 5666:Wayback Machine 5657:Wayback Machine 5630: 5626: 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4740: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4645: 4644: 4635: 4625: 4623: 4622:on 4 March 2016 4610: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4499: 4497: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4469: 4467: 4466:. 15 March 2008 4456: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4377: 4375: 4361: 4357: 4347: 4345: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4225: 4223: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4195: 4193: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4141: 4140: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4092: 4075: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4014: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3952: 3951: 3944: 3929: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3879: 3877: 3876:on 1 April 2008 3868: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3816:Radio Free Asia 3810: 3809: 3802: 3793: 3791: 3782: 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1835:. 17 March 2008 1827: 1826: 1819: 1809: 1807: 1806:. 18 March 2008 1802: 1801: 1790: 1780: 1778: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1748: 1746: 1731: 1730: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1678: 1668: 1661: 1651: 1649: 1634: 1633: 1626: 1621: 1583:Racism in China 1528: 1521: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1478: 1432:14th Dalai Lama 1392: 1334: 1328: 1285:. Reports from 1259:Financial Times 1234: 1190:Communist Party 1062:Hong Kong media 1050: 982: 923:14th Dalai Lama 915:Champa Phuntsok 903: 854: 833:Gyaincain Norbu 806: 787:suicide attacks 778:A reporter for 772:14th Dalai Lama 761:Chinese Premier 758: 687: 681: 599: 590:32.7 million). 523: 461:Radio Free Asia 415: 409: 404: 302:14th Dalai Lama 274: 197:excessive force 126: 108: 103: 98: 89: 88: 74: 72: 48: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9069: 9059: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9006:Crime in China 9003: 8998: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8977: 8970: 8969: 8962: 8954: 8953: 8950: 8949: 8946: 8945: 8943: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8920: 8913: 8901: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8855: 8854: 8849: 8847:wall paintings 8844: 8839: 8832: 8825: 8814: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8801: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8778:Tibetan people 8775: 8773:Social classes 8770: 8765: 8764: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8752: 8751: 8750: 8749: 8748: 8747: 8737: 8732: 8731: 8730: 8720: 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annexation 8041: 8040: 8039: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8009: 8004: 8003: 8002: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7981: 7980: 7967: 7966: 7965: 7952: 7951: 7950: 7942: 7937: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7872: 7870: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7850:List of rulers 7847: 7841: 7839: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7814: 7813: 7806: 7799: 7791: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7751:Soft detention 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7726:PLA Unit 61398 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7682: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7602:2011 crackdown 7598: 7596: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7567: 7561: 7555: 7549: 7543: 7537: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7513: 7510:Sufan movement 7507: 7501: 7494: 7492: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7459: 7458: 7446: 7419: 7414: 7408: 7406: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7396: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7373: 7372: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7336: 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4477: 4449: 4417: 4385: 4369:Bloomberg L.P. 4355: 4325: 4293: 4263: 4233: 4203: 4173: 4164: 4134: 4116:People's Daily 4102: 4069: 4037: 4007: 3977: 3942: 3920: 3888: 3861: 3828: 3800: 3775: 3740: 3711: 3680: 3648: 3611: 3581: 3555: 3523: 3492: 3452: 3416: 3382: 3353: 3344: 3322: 3296: 3266: 3232: 3206: 3180: 3161: 3139: 3120:Barbara Demick 3108: 3073: 3040: 3010: 2984: 2950: 2922: 2911:. 15 July 2010 2896: 2870: 2841: 2812: 2793: 2764: 2737:(3): 515–538. 2717: 2691: 2652: 2627: 2607: 2581: 2544: 2526:Foreign Policy 2508: 2478: 2443: 2411: 2391: 2359: 2327: 2297: 2267: 2235: 2205: 2166: 2134: 2103: 2078: 2046: 2016: 1988: 1959: 1918: 1907:. 22 July 2010 1885: 1846: 1817: 1788: 1756: 1721: 1688: 1676:Tibetan Review 1659: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1519: 1503: 1500: 1483:People's Daily 1477: 1474: 1416:European Union 1391: 1388: 1330:Main article: 1327: 1324: 1312:Ramoche Temple 1300:Sera Monastery 1242:Deutsche Welle 1233: 1230: 1203:People's Daily 1198:People's Daily 1131:RTL Television 1049: 1048:Media coverage 1046: 981: 978: 959:Ramoche Temple 947:Sera Monastery 938:anti-personnel 930:January 2009. 902: 899: 853: 850: 845:Sera Monastery 829:People's Daily 805: 802: 757: 754: 683:Main article: 680: 677: 598: 595: 529:Gansu Province 522: 519: 473:Ramoche Temple 456:Sera monastery 448:Sera monastery 441:Barbara Demick 411:Main article: 408: 405: 403: 400: 377:Tsering Woeser 326:Sera monastery 273: 270: 149:. 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3092: 3091: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3061: 3057: 3056:The Economist 3053: 3047: 3045: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3014: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2955: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2910: 2906: 2900: 2885: 2881: 2874: 2859:. 21 May 2013 2858: 2854: 2848: 2846: 2830: 2826: 2823:AsiaNews.it. 2819: 2817: 2810: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2782:. 23 May 2008 2781: 2777: 2771: 2769: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2706: 2702: 2695: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2641: 2637: 2631: 2623: 2622: 2617: 2611: 2595: 2591: 2585: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2549: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2515: 2513: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2450: 2448: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2415: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2395: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2363: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2337: 2331: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2301: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2209: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2170: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2138: 2122: 2118: 2114: 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