224:
This Enoch, whose flesh was turned to flame, his veins to fire, his eye-lashes to flashes of lightning, his eye-balls to flaming torches, and whom God placed on a throne next to the throne of glory, received after this heavenly transformation the name
147:. All these facts make 3 Enoch unique not just among Merkabah writings, but also within the genre of Enochian literature. Several indications suggest that the writers of 3 Enoch were familiar with the content of
115:, and its final redaction was likely completed in the 5th or 6th century. The oldest printed text of 3 Enoch appears to be the Derus Pirqe Hekalot. It covers 3:1β12:5 and 15:1β2, and it is dated by
431:
1114:
63:, as it says it is written by "Rabbi Ishmael" who became a "high priest" after visions of ascension to Heaven. This has been taken as referring to
799:
1731:
1613:
516:
1690:
1598:
1593:
220:
The main themes running through 3 Enoch are the ascension of Enoch into Heaven and his transformation into the angel
Metatron.
1830:
1608:
201:
The story about precious metals and how they will not avail their users and those that make idols from them (3 Enoch 5:7β14)
1299:
174:
1405:
582:
1726:
1400:
1261:
445:
1368:
466:
1486:
1363:
1214:
792:
1746:
695:
509:
139:, a genre which overlaps with the Merkabah or "Chariot" literature. Although 3 Enoch does not contain Merkabah
1736:
1805:
1700:
1695:
1825:
1779:
1209:
785:
88:
456:
1800:
1383:
255:
80:
1501:
119:
to around 1650. The name "3 Enoch" was coined by Hugo
Odeberg for his first critical edition of 1928.
1815:
1415:
1394:
1388:
502:
484:
281:
111:
Though 3 Enoch purports to have been written in the 2nd century, it was probably composed in or near
1410:
1378:
1373:
1109:
1070:
387:
Greenfield, Jonas C.; Stone, Michael E. (1979). "The Books of Enoch and the
Traditions of Enoch".
143:, it contains many of the concepts found in other Merkabah texts. It also has a unique layout and
1820:
1716:
1588:
1445:
1306:
1046:
1810:
1572:
1455:
1440:
1430:
1022:
259:
152:
1521:
1460:
1450:
1358:
592:
427:
135:
meaning palaces or temples), along with its proposed author, places this book as a member of
76:
1721:
1641:
1353:
1266:
1176:
942:
829:
587:
547:
156:
116:
8:
1663:
1628:
1425:
1104:
887:
857:
700:
626:
597:
437:
195:
136:
1555:
1470:
1276:
1271:
1233:
1156:
1119:
1099:
1029:
756:
705:
690:
621:
602:
552:
542:
404:
72:
1756:
1565:
1560:
1333:
1243:
1186:
1007:
997:
847:
761:
665:
462:
441:
181:
170:
1741:
1636:
1618:
1550:
1538:
1496:
1435:
1420:
1311:
1199:
992:
937:
917:
897:
670:
562:
557:
525:
396:
48:
1533:
1511:
1465:
1012:
972:
947:
877:
852:
837:
231:
216:
challenge Enoch before God (3 Enoch 4:6) and are mentioned again in passing (5:9)
100:
24:
144:
1769:
1751:
1685:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1294:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1065:
1041:
1002:
952:
932:
902:
882:
867:
862:
842:
808:
726:
721:
660:
251:
92:
60:
91:, who lived through the Siege of Jerusalem. Although 3 Enoch contains several
1794:
1516:
1325:
1194:
1060:
987:
982:
977:
957:
927:
825:
731:
271:
205:
148:
84:
64:
430:, ed. (1983). "(Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch (Fifth to Sixth Century A.D.)".
1774:
1674:
1603:
1505:
967:
962:
922:
892:
872:
820:
766:
1657:
1253:
1171:
1166:
1080:
1075:
907:
751:
746:
741:
736:
1491:
1646:
613:
408:
1161:
777:
685:
436:. Vol. 1: Apocalyptic Literature and Testaments. Translated by
400:
1668:
1238:
1225:
1204:
1151:
1146:
680:
675:
641:
636:
631:
494:
188:
440:
Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson
Publishers. pp. 223β316.
1680:
1545:
652:
572:
567:
276:
209:
112:
68:
87:
in 70 CE. An alternative attribution would be the earlier Tanna
1651:
1528:
912:
213:
343:
812:
534:
304:
302:
166:
96:
140:
99:
words, the book appears to have been originally written in
331:
299:
458:
Noncanonical writings and New
Testament Interpretation
321:
319:
317:
162:
Some points that appear in 1 Enoch and 3 Enoch are:
461:. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers.
314:
187:Enoch is enthroned in Heaven as the exalted angel
1792:
386:
230:
793:
510:
380:
426:
349:
337:
308:
800:
786:
517:
503:
377:SchΓ€fer, The Hidden and Manifest God, 144.
37:The Book of Rabbi Ishmael the High Priest
482:
1793:
807:
106:
59:Modern scholars describe this book as
781:
498:
489:. London: Cambridge University Press.
454:
325:
524:
198:secrets of creation (3 Enoch 13:1β2)
75:. However, he could not have been a
1732:Other books referenced in the Bible
1691:New Testament manuscript categories
583:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
486:3 Enoch or The Hebrew Book of Enoch
28:
13:
1262:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
83:and associated destruction of the
14:
1842:
476:
433:The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
236:Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism
29:Χ‘Χ€Χ¨ ΧΧ ΧΧ ΧΧ¨Χ³ ΧΧ©ΧΧ’ΧΧ ΧΧ³Χ³Χ
1747:Biblical and Quranic narratives
696:Additions to the Book of Esther
419:
361:
250:3 Enoch is not included in the
194:Enoch receives a revelation of
371:
355:
1:
767:Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
455:Evans, Craig A., ed. (1992).
287:
245:
180:Enoch is transformed into an
54:
1831:Old Testament pseudepigrapha
364:The Ancient Jewish Mysticism
292:
7:
483:Odeberg, Hugo, ed. (1928).
265:
79:, as he was born after the
10:
1847:
1727:English Bible translations
1115:Song of the Three Children
122:
1765:
1709:
1627:
1581:
1479:
1324:
1287:
1252:
1223:
1185:
1130:
1037:
1021:
819:
714:
650:
611:
532:
282:Primary texts of Kabbalah
41:The Elevation of Metatron
71:and a leading figure of
16:Book of Jewish apocrypha
1589:Intertestamental period
254:of any denomination of
184:(3 Enoch 9:1β5; 15:1β2)
33:The Book of the Palaces
1573:Apocalyptic literature
1210:Paralipomena of Baruch
428:Charlesworth, James H.
243:
191:(3 Enoch 10:1β3; 16:1)
1737:Additional Scriptures
1701:New Testament uncials
593:Apocalypse of Abraham
222:
204:Hostile angels named
77:High Priest of Israel
67:, a third-generation
43:, and abbreviated as
1806:Ancient Hebrew texts
1722:Bible version debate
1696:New Testament papyri
1642:Samaritan Pentateuch
1267:Testament of Abraham
1205:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
588:Testament of Abraham
548:Life of Adam and Eve
438:Alexander, Philip S.
177:β (3 Enoch 6:1; 7:1)
157:Second Temple period
117:Arthur Ernest Cowley
1664:Muratorian fragment
1599:New Testament canon
1594:Old Testament canon
1487:Chapters and verses
1105:Additions to Daniel
1071:Additions to Esther
701:Additions to Daniel
627:Ascension of Isaiah
598:Assumption of Moses
352:, pp. 225β227.
137:Hekhalot literature
107:Date of composition
21:Third Book of Enoch
1826:Merkabah mysticism
1277:Testament of Jacob
1272:Testament of Isaac
1157:Prayer of Manasseh
1120:Bel and the Dragon
1100:Letter of Jeremiah
757:Letter of Aristeas
706:Prayer of Manasseh
622:Letter of Jeremiah
603:Joseph and Aseneth
553:Testament of Qahat
543:Genesis Apocryphon
89:Ishmael ben Elisha
81:Siege of Jerusalem
73:Merkabah mysticism
1801:5th-century books
1788:
1787:
1757:Textual criticism
1320:
1319:
1244:Psalms of Solomon
1187:Orthodox Tewahedo
775:
774:
762:Sibylline Oracles
666:Psalms of Solomon
533:Apocrypha in the
350:Charlesworth 1983
338:Charlesworth 1983
309:Charlesworth 1983
49:Jewish apocryphal
31:), also known as
1838:
1816:Jewish apocrypha
1637:Dead Sea Scrolls
1619:Dating the Bible
1497:Historical books
1134:Eastern Orthodox
1047:Eastern Orthodox
1035:
1034:
1028:
802:
795:
788:
779:
778:
671:Testament of Job
563:Book of Jubilees
558:Visions of Amram
526:Jewish apocrypha
519:
512:
505:
496:
495:
490:
472:
451:
413:
412:
384:
378:
375:
369:
367:
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
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323:
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241:
239:
153:apocalyptic text
30:
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1789:
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1761:
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1614:Christian canon
1577:
1512:Prophetic books
1475:
1406:2 Thessalonians
1401:1 Thessalonians
1316:
1283:
1248:
1219:
1181:
1140:
1126:
1054:
1026:
1025:
1017:
828:
824:
815:
806:
776:
771:
715:Other apocrypha
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646:
607:
528:
523:
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401:10.2307/3269626
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232:Gershom Scholem
229:
125:
109:
61:pseudepigraphal
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1844:
1834:
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1828:
1823:
1821:Kabbalah texts
1818:
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1808:
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1752:Synod of Hippo
1749:
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1724:
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1698:
1693:
1688:
1686:Masoretic Text
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1624:
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1621:
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1606:
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1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1522:Minor prophets
1519:
1517:Major prophets
1509:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
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1346:
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1336:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1295:Pseudepigrapha
1291:
1289:
1288:Classification
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
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1241:
1236:
1234:Psalms 152β155
1230:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1183:
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1179:
1174:
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1149:
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1135:
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1128:
1127:
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1123:
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1093:
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1049:
1044:
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950:
945:
940:
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925:
920:
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910:
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900:
895:
890:
888:1β2 Chronicles
885:
880:
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870:
865:
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855:
850:
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840:
834:
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817:
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790:
782:
773:
772:
770:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
727:Book of Judith
724:
722:Book of Sirach
718:
716:
712:
711:
709:
708:
703:
698:
693:
691:Psalms 152β155
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
661:Book of Wisdom
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655:
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634:
629:
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477:External links
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447:978-1598564914
446:
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340:, p. 229.
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311:, p. 224.
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252:biblical canon
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155:dating to the
129:Sefer Hekhalot
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56:
53:
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9:
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3:
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1444:
1442:
1439:
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1434:
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1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:2 Corinthians
1367:
1365:
1364:1 Corinthians
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1326:New Testament
1323:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:New Testament
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1260:
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1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1215:Broader canon
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
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1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
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1059:
1058:
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1045:
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1039:
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1033:
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1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:Song of Songs
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
833:
831:
827:
826:Old Testament
822:
818:
814:
810:
803:
798:
796:
791:
789:
784:
783:
780:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
732:Book of Tobit
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
717:
713:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
656:
654:
651:Apocrypha in
649:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
617:
615:
612:Apocrypha in
610:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
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1604:Antilegomena
1506:Poetic Books
1502:Wisdom books
1480:Subdivisions
1393:
1098: /
1023:Deuterocanon
943:Lamentations
923:Ecclesiastes
830:(protocanon)
821:Hebrew Bible
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1658:Diatessaron
1629:Manuscripts
1582:Development
1384:Philippians
1254:Beta Israel
1172:4 Maccabees
1167:3 Maccabees
1081:2 Maccabees
1076:1 Maccabees
858:Deuteronomy
752:4 Maccabees
747:3 Maccabees
742:2 Maccabees
737:1 Maccabees
169:ascends to
1795:Categories
1717:Authorship
1647:Septuagint
1492:Pentateuch
1471:Revelation
1395:Laodiceans
1389:Colossians
878:1β2 Samuel
326:Evans 1992
288:References
246:Canonicity
145:adjuration
55:Authorship
1556:Johannine
1416:2 Timothy
1411:1 Timothy
1379:Ephesians
1374:Galatians
1162:Psalm 151
1030:apocrypha
1008:Zechariah
998:Zephaniah
883:1β2 Kings
848:Leviticus
686:Psalm 151
293:Citations
225:Metatron.
127:The name
1770:Category
1669:Peshitta
1566:Catholic
1561:Pastoral
1546:Epistles
1539:Synoptic
1426:Philemon
1239:2 Baruch
1226:Peshitta
1200:Jubilees
1152:2 Esdras
1147:1 Esdras
1042:Catholic
993:Habakkuk
938:Jeremiah
918:Proverbs
898:Nehemiah
681:2 Esdras
676:1 Esdras
642:3 Baruch
637:2 Baruch
632:1 Baruch
266:See also
234:(1941),
228:β
189:Metatron
133:Hekhalot
1742:Studies
1710:Related
1681:Vulgate
1551:Pauline
1529:Gospels
1446:2 Peter
1441:1 Peter
1431:Hebrews
1334:Matthew
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1013:Malachi
973:Obadiah
948:Ezekiel
853:Numbers
838:Genesis
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614:Nevi'im
578:3 Enoch
573:2 Enoch
568:1 Enoch
409:3269626
277:2 Enoch
272:1 Enoch
256:Judaism
214:'Azzael
149:1 Enoch
123:Content
113:Babylon
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45:3 Enoch
1775:Portal
1652:Targum
1461:3 John
1456:2 John
1451:1 John
1359:Romans
1312:Jewish
1137:Others
1096:Baruch
1091:Sirach
1086:Wisdom
1066:Judith
1051:Others
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953:Daniel
933:Isaiah
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903:Esther
868:Judges
863:Joshua
843:Exodus
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212:, and
173:in a β
171:Heaven
101:Hebrew
51:book.
25:Hebrew
1436:James
1421:Titus
1195:Enoch
1061:Tobit
988:Nahum
983:Micah
978:Jonah
958:Hosea
813:Bible
809:Books
535:Torah
405:JSTOR
389:Numen
210:'Azza
206:'Uzza
182:angel
167:Enoch
141:hymns
97:Latin
93:Greek
69:Tanna
1534:List
1466:Jude
1354:Acts
1349:John
1344:Luke
1339:Mark
1300:list
1177:Odes
968:Amos
963:Joel
893:Ezra
873:Ruth
463:ISBN
442:ISBN
151:(an
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908:Job
397:doi
258:or
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