1076:
1064:
501:
1052:
1040:
486:
455:
471:
791:
439:
564:). Broadcasts were due to cease on January 1, 1958, as the 819 lines standard had been adopted in 1948 for the national network. However, after a long elections coverage night, most of the 441-line equipment was destroyed by fire on January 3, 1956. It was decided to indemnify the 3,000 owners of remaining 441-line sets and to entitle them to reduced rates for their new 819 lines receivers.
543:
The line frequency was 11.025 kHz with vision broadcast at 46.0 MHz and sound at 42.0 MHz. Aerials were independent for audio and vision at the top of the Eiffel tower, both vertically polarized. No gain being obtained from these pre-war basic aerials, the effective radiated power was
923:
By
November General Electric's station in Schenectady started broadcasts. W2XBS in New York broadcast up to fifty-eight hours of programming per month until December 1939, to an estimate of 2,000 receiving sets. Reception area was a radius of 40-50 miles (80 km) from the
213:
Due to the onset of World War II, only about 50 devices were installed in military hospitals and various government departments. The transmitter's aerials in Berlin were destroyed during an Allied Forces' bombing in
November 1943, but the station was also relayed by a special
813:
Television broadcasting started on May 13, 1939, making the country one of the first in the world with an experimental television service. The broadcasts were in 441-lines with 25 frames/second and 4.5 MHz bandwidth. In spite of that, because of the beginning of
1075:
555:
After July 1952 the 441-line transmitter was no longer broadcasting separate programs, but simply picked up the national network's picture through an 819 - 441-line "optical converter" (a 441-line camera, slightly out of focus, pointed at an
209:
was created in 1939. It had a 29 cm (diagonal) screen, and consumed 185 watts when receiving television signals and 60 watts when receiving audio only. Only a few units were built before the outbreak of World War II.
1091:
In the Soviet Union a specification for a 441-line system using 50 interlaced fields per second was proposed in 1940. Development of this system started in the 1930s, derived from test broadcasts from
500:
537:
779:
using 400 W of power in the frequency band of 40-45 MHz. As in France technical parameters – VHF frequencies excepted – were identical to those in use in
Germany.
1051:
125:). The system's line frequency was 11.025 kHz and the broadcast frequencies were 46.0 MHz for vision and 43.2 MHz for sound, using a 4 MHz channel bandwidth. Its
1039:
544:
only the transmitter's peak one, i.e. 30 kW which enabled a good reception in a radius of 100 km (62 miles) around Paris. As displayed in J.M. Frost's WRTH (
1485:
3109:
1063:
1746:
1563:
1207:
818:
region, this first full-fledged TV broadcast experimentation lasted only a few months. Regular television broadcasts would eventually start in 1953, using
532:
occupation troops who recovered in the
Greater Paris Area hospitals, but they also included French-language shows. Broadcasts were monitored in the
1543:
548:) editions at that time, the transmitter's frequencies (42-46 MHz) were listed as channel "F1" or channel "S" (or "Special" channel) in the
3102:
485:
454:
97:
of 1936, by 1937 Germany had introduced a 441-line with 50 interlaced fields per second television system that replaced the previous
3536:
2814:
2738:
2682:
2641:
1463:
470:
149:
3095:
3071:
2070:
3456:
1641:
196:, with a 30 x 27 cm screen and a tuning range of 43-52 MHz. Other brands like Fernseh AG also created models like the
2269:
1165:
1711:
3566:
2882:
1095:, using a 343-line system based on RCA equipment. Due to World War II the 441-line system never reached the broadcast stage.
520:
in Paris using the German 441-line system and its main technical characteristics, while however keeping the previous French
2728:
2664:
1935:
1786:
1764:
3121:
1733:
1681:
1183:
1796:
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1917:
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2028:
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3304:
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2231:
2024:(in German) Rolf Wigand: Technische Beschreibung des E 1 (Zeitgenössischer Artikel in „Radio-Mentor", pdf 295 kB)
280:
273:
266:
1617:
1595:
1567:
1211:
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announced in 1936, with a 26 x 21 cm screen and a tuning range of 38-60 MHz. The next year, 1937, the
3776:
3615:
2555:
2491:
2415:
831:
438:
3586:
3415:
2852:
2768:
2455:
2379:
2303:
1662:
866:
794:
First television test broadcast transmitted by the NHK Broadcasting
Technology Research Institute in May 1939
525:
297:
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38:
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549:
1540:
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839:
521:
98:
90:
1257:
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3014:
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2548:
2543:
2533:
2359:
255:
1936:"Participation of A.Raspletin in developing and realization of black-and-white television standards"
2923:
2354:
17:
528:
than the station operating in Berlin. Television programs were mainly for wounded soldiers of the
3688:
3561:
2033:
545:
2723:
798:
The first television tests in Japan were conducted as early as 1926 using a combined mechanical
3610:
3576:
3571:
3531:
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3324:
3045:
2399:
2056:
2043:
1383:
1339:
803:
200:, also introduced in 1938, with a 32 x 27 cm screen and a tuning range of 40-53 MHz
3745:
3482:
3030:
2877:
2867:
2857:
2715:
2420:
925:
913:
524:
broadcast frequencies 42 MHz - 46 MHz in use from 1938 to 1940, thus with a larger
3724:
3709:
3620:
3472:
3446:
3354:
3065:
3025:
2748:
2394:
2318:
2029:(in German) Eckhard Etzold: Ausführliche Webseite mit vielen Fotos sowie Schaltbild des E 1
1885:
806:
system, later switching to an all-electronic system in 1935 using a domestically developed
326:
309:
126:
94:
204:
8:
3663:
3625:
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1960:
1360:
905:
882:
233:
141:
3087:
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3501:
2847:
2474:
1523:
1275:
873:
station. The first pre-built TV receivers were sold on a very limited basis, mostly in
3232:
2253:
1401:
1298:
1045:
Ad for the beginning of RCA experimental television broadcasting (New York City, 1939)
3678:
3635:
3496:
3491:
3118:
2913:
2862:
2344:
2102:
1792:
1729:
1687:
1527:
1422:
1125:
893:
1154:
132:
A project began in 1938 involving the
National Post and several companies including
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3546:
3389:
3339:
3060:
2525:
2483:
2023:
1515:
901:
878:
870:
835:
561:
247:
69:
with 30 interlaced frames per second from 1938 to 1941. Broadcasts were planned in
42:
182:
was released, with a 20 x 17 cm screen and a tuning range of 40-55 MHz.
3704:
3596:
3521:
3477:
3344:
3055:
2887:
1985:
1547:
1321:
133:
1508:"From Radio to Radio-visione: Italian Radio's Television Experiments, 1939–1940"
767:
engineer named Arturo
Castellani, broadcasts using the 441-line system began in
3683:
3511:
3425:
3314:
3010:
3005:
2908:
2836:
2824:
2619:
2323:
1236:
533:
506:
Television in a Berlin military hospital, setup by the German
Reichspost (1942)
1939:
1866:
1848:
790:
3770:
3399:
3349:
3228:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
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3186:
3176:
3156:
2832:
2697:
2599:
2594:
2249:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2137:
2119:
2005:
1519:
1438:
936:
917:
874:
215:
66:
1081:
General
Electric television sets from 1939: HM-185, HM-226-7A, and Model 90.
888:
By June 1939, regularly scheduled broadcasts were available in New York and
3750:
3541:
3430:
3364:
3334:
3259:
2328:
2295:
2149:
1812:
855:
517:
145:
78:
74:
2048:
1830:
1057:
FCC inspects the latest in television (Washington, D.C., December 1, 1939)
3719:
3714:
3653:
3379:
3319:
3309:
2384:
889:
815:
799:
3648:
3581:
3516:
3329:
2842:
2776:
2687:
2646:
1564:""Can you see me clearly?" Public TV image reception experiment (1939)"
1208:""Can you see me clearly?" Public TV image reception experiment (1939)"
909:
807:
160:
102:
1299:"FE VI Television Telefunken Deutschland TFK, Gesellschaft für, build"
896:
had been issued, including stations in New York, Philadelphia (W3XE),
3755:
3740:
3673:
3668:
3643:
3050:
2629:
2169:
2129:
529:
240:
174:
was introduced, with a larger 50 x 40 cm screen, along with the
137:
122:
34:
1507:
536:
during the Second World War to gather intelligence information from
3506:
3374:
3224:
2928:
2918:
2809:
2794:
2369:
2308:
2241:
557:
118:
105:(National Post Office) cable network in the country's main cities (
163:
that aimed to produce 10,000 receivers for the television system.
3279:
2758:
2705:
2221:
897:
110:
77:. Some experiments with a similar system were carried out on the
70:
50:
3254:
2349:
2285:
2145:
1092:
851:
847:
819:
516:
By 1941 the "Fernsehsender Paris" station transmitted from the
189:, with a 24x20 cm screen and a tuning range of 35-55 MHz.
114:
106:
46:
27:
1930s analog standard-definition television resolution standard
2217:
2034:
http://www.compulink.co.uk/~rrussell/tccgen/manual/tcgen0.html
3420:
3284:
3274:
3269:
2582:
2513:
2313:
2225:
2159:
2153:
2079:
776:
768:
764:
393:
58:
54:
1928:
3249:
3000:
2753:
2636:
2577:
2565:
2560:
2538:
2501:
2496:
2141:
1788:
932:
772:
1714:. University of California Press – via Google Books.
838:. Tests started a year before, in an attempt to perfect a
3264:
3117:
2624:
2213:
862:
62:
861:
TV broadcasts were publicly launched in April 1939 by
41:. Systems with this number of lines were used with 25
1541:
Kenjiro Takayanagi: The Father of Japanese Television
834:
recommended the 441-line system developed by RCA and
1663:"RCA's first Iconoscope cameras & the prototype"
1184:"The Early Television Foundation to host convention"
943:
United States 441-line TV system technical details:
1486:"Television in Italy - Safar Television Equipment"
1126:"405 Alive - FAQ - 405-Line Television in History"
846:for approval of their new standard. In early 1938
1867:"Early Electronic Television - Andrea Radio Corp"
1493:Electronics and Television & Short-Wave World
1420:
3768:
1831:"Early Electronic Television - General Electric"
1667:Eyes of A Generation…Television's Living History
939:replaced the 441-line standard on July 1, 1941.
1747:"The Deseret News - Google News Archive Search"
763:Following pre-war tests in 375 lines done by a
782:Broadcasts were discontinued on May 31, 1940.
3103:
2064:
1886:"Frank Andrea - Radio and Television Pioneer"
228:German 441-line TV system technical details:
1181:
935:(National Television System Committee), the
219:
218:network to "wide screen" public "TV-rooms" (
192:In 1938, TeKaDe created a single model, the
178:with a 26 x 21 cm screen. In 1938, the
2078:
1683:The Columbia History of American Television
37:in some early electronic monochrome analog
3110:
3096:
2071:
2057:
1726:Television: The Life Story of a Technology
1483:
73:for 1940, but eventually cancelled due to
2959:
2957:
1983:
1718:
1642:"Recent Progress in Television Technique"
1361:"R.T.Russell: Colour Test Card Generator"
3537:Output power of an analog TV transmitter
1709:
1680:Edgerton, Gary Richard (June 21, 2007).
1679:
1649:Proceedings of the Radio Club of America
1461:
789:
560:monitor equipped with an oval spotlight
224:) so it carried on this way until 1944.
1378:
1376:
1374:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
14:
3769:
2954:
2951:Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.
2947:
2945:
1918:"The following are random notes about"
1849:"Early Electronic Television - DuMont"
1593:
1558:
1556:
1069:General Electric HM-171 television set
842:, with RCA executives petitioning the
568:French 441-line TV technical details:
3567:Direct-broadcast satellite television
3091:
2989:
2090:
2052:
1961:"RCA's Russian Television Connection"
1784:
1780:
1778:
1705:
1703:
1636:
1634:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1506:Simon, Danielle Andrea (2020-01-01).
1505:
1355:
1353:
832:Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA)
2990:
2004:
1905:
1883:
1615:
1596:"RMA Completes Television Standards"
1484:Castellani, Arturo (February 1940).
1371:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1252:
1250:
1231:
1229:
1136:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
771:in 1939 with regular services from
3457:Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB)
2942:
1813:"Early Electronic Television - RCA"
1566:. NHK. May 13, 1939. Archived from
1553:
1464:"Italy's Progress in the Video Art"
1462:Reporter, Television (March 1937).
1402:"History of Television | Undaradio"
1210:. NHK. May 13, 1939. Archived from
1171:from the original on 28 March 2022.
822:of the American 525-line standard.
24:
1775:
1710:Abramson, Albert (June 27, 1955).
1700:
1631:
1618:"A Laboratory Television Receiver"
1582:
1350:
1200:
203:A single-channel TV receiver, the
25:
3788:
2017:
1309:
1286:
1247:
1226:
1105:
1155:"Einheits-Fernseh-Empfänger E l"
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1034:441-line TV in the United States
885:, and Andrea Radio Corporation.
825:
499:
484:
469:
453:
437:
3452:Quadrature amplitude modulation
1998:
1977:
1953:
1910:
1899:
1877:
1859:
1841:
1823:
1805:
1757:
1739:
1673:
1655:
1609:
1534:
1499:
1477:
1455:
1431:
1414:
1394:
1332:
1086:
3616:Television channel frequencies
2091:
2044:pre-WWII TV-stations in Europe
1987:Russian Electronics Chronology
1785:Burns, R. W. (June 21, 1998).
1268:
1175:
877:. Manufacturers included RCA,
858:was already using the system.
13:
1:
3587:Digital television transition
3416:Multichannel television sound
2456:Field-sequential color system
1686:. Columbia University Press.
1098:
101:network relayed by a special
3659:Field strength in free space
3360:Horizontal blanking interval
3036:Reverse Standards Conversion
1712:"Electronic Motion Pictures"
1651:. 17, No.1 (February). 1940.
931:Following a decision of the
850:'s experimental transmitter
7:
3557:Superheterodyne transmitter
1984:Sharygina, Ludmila (2010).
1182:TVTechnology (2005-03-20).
816:World War II in the Pacific
550:European Broadcasting Union
185:In 1937, Loewe created the
10:
3793:
3395:Vertical blanking interval
1421:Arturo Castellani (1932).
1384:"Prewar European Stations"
991:60 Hz interlaced
775:using 2 kW power and
666:50 Hz interlaced
342:50 Hz interlaced
84:
3733:
3697:
3634:
3595:
3465:
3439:
3408:
3370:Nominal analogue blanking
3293:
3242:
3128:
2996:
2985:
2937:
2896:
2823:
2785:
2767:
2714:
2696:
2673:
2655:
2610:
2524:
2482:
2473:
2408:
2337:
2294:
2278:
2262:
2240:
2168:
2128:
2110:
2101:
2097:
2086:
1893:Radio and Television News
1801:– via Google Books.
1696:– via Google Books.
1340:"Gerolf Poetschke's Site"
1258:"Gerolf Poetschke's Site"
1237:"D. S. Loewe Prewar Sets"
892:. By October nineteen TV
511:
2012:. New York: McGraw Hill.
1520:10.1525/rep.2020.151.1.1
1427:. Ulrico Hoepli Editore.
1424:Televisione radiovisione
1322:"Telefunken Prewar Sets"
916:(W2XB), Los Angeles and
785:
758:
166:Telefunken marketed the
3689:Television interference
3562:Television receive-only
2080:Broadcast video formats
2040:Early Television Museum
2010:Television Broadcasting
1965:www.earlytelevision.org
1871:Early Television Museum
1853:Early Television Museum
1835:Early Television Museum
1817:Early Television Museum
1594:Murray, Albert (1938).
1550:. Retrieved 2012-11-01.
1443:www.earlytelevision.org
1388:www.earlytelevision.org
1344:www.earlytelevision.org
1326:www.earlytelevision.org
1280:www.earlytelevision.org
1262:www.earlytelevision.org
1241:www.earlytelevision.org
552:'s official documents.
546:World Radio TV Handbook
61:in 1939, as well as by
3611:Microwave transmission
3577:Terrestrial television
3572:Television transmitter
3532:Intermediate frequency
3325:Chrominance subcarrier
3046:Television transmitter
1162:aobauer.home.xs4all.nl
830:In September 1938 the
795:
433:441-line TV in Germany
220:
3777:Television technology
3483:Broadcast transmitter
3031:MPEG transport stream
2858:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
2421:Mechanical television
2329:Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)
1884:Pine, Arthur (1950).
1724:Alexander B. Magoun,
1616:Fink, Donald (1938).
1546:June 4, 2002, at the
926:Empire State Building
867:New York World's Fair
836:Farnsworth Television
793:
681:8 per field
357:8 per field
129:was close to 1.15:1.
3725:Zero reference pulse
3710:Field strength meter
3447:Frequency modulation
3355:Horizontal scan rate
3066:Widescreen signaling
3041:Standards conversion
3026:Moving image formats
1990:. TUCSR. p. 47.
1728:. Greenwood, p. 65.
1164:. pp. 320–321.
492:Einheitsempfänger E1
477:Einheitsempfänger E1
206:Einheitsempfänger E1
95:Berlin Olympic Games
89:After trials with a
57:from 1939 to 1940,
49:from 1937 to 1956,
3664:Noise (electronics)
3527:Intercarrier method
3487:Transmitter station
3122:broadcasting topics
3021:Display motion blur
1439:"Safar Prewar Sets"
1303:www.radiomuseum.org
944:
569:
229:
180:Tischfernseher TF 1
172:Heimprojektions-FSE
53:from 1939 to 1943,
3552:Split sound system
3502:Differential phase
3072:Analogue TV Topics
1570:on January 1, 2013
1276:"Telefunken FE-VI"
1214:on January 1, 2013
942:
894:broadcast licenses
820:a modified version
796:
644:Vestigial sideband
567:
227:
127:image aspect ratio
93:system during the
39:television systems
3764:
3763:
3679:Radiation pattern
3497:Differential gain
3119:Analog television
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2863:MPEG Multichannel
2469:
2468:
1922:www.tech-notes.tv
1769:www.aes-media.org
1031:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
985:
980:
975:
970:
969:Vision modulation
965:
960:
955:
954:Channel bandwidth
950:
937:525-line standard
756:
755:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
639:Vision modulation
635:
630:
625:
624:Channel bandwidth
620:
619:Video/syncs ratio
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
594:Broad pulse width
590:
585:
580:
575:
479:television (1939)
464:television (1937)
448:television (1936)
430:
429:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
336:
330:
323:
318:
317:Vision modulation
312:
306:
300:
299:Channel bandwidth
294:
293:Video/syncs ratio
289:
283:
276:
269:
263:
262:Broad pulse width
258:
250:
243:
236:
43:interlaced frames
33:is the number of
16:(Redirected from
3784:
3606:Frequency offset
3547:Residual carrier
3492:Cavity amplifier
3390:Television lines
3112:
3105:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3061:Video processing
2991:Technical issues
2987:
2986:
2964:
2961:
2952:
2949:
2480:
2479:
2212:(Color systems:
2140:(Color systems:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2088:
2087:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2013:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1938:. Archived from
1932:
1926:
1925:
1914:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1737:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1591:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1560:
1551:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1503:
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958:
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879:General Electric
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614:Active line time
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21:
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3522:Frequency mixer
3478:Antenna (radio)
3461:
3435:
3404:
3345:Composite video
3289:
3238:
3124:
3116:
3086:
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3056:Video on demand
3001:14:9 compromise
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840:343-line system
828:
802:and electronic
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574:Field frequency
538:occupied France
514:
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235:Field frequency
152:
87:
28:
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584:Field blanking
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534:United Kingdom
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494:chassis (1939)
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45:per second in
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1026:13230 Hz
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1006:3.25 MHz
1004:
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989:
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918:San Francisco
915:
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899:
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875:New York City
872:
868:
865:, during the
864:
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837:
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826:United States
823:
821:
817:
811:
809:
805:
801:
792:
783:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
751:11025 Hz
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
676:29 lines
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425:11025 Hz
423:
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365:
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352:29 lines
350:
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225:
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221:Fernsehstuben
217:
216:coaxial cable
211:
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76:
72:
68:
67:United States
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3751:Hanover bars
3542:Pre-emphasis
3466:Transmission
3431:Zweikanalton
3335:Color killer
3260:Clear-Vision
3162:
2612:MPEG-2 Video
2440:
2150:Clear-Vision
2039:
2009:
1999:Bibliography
1986:
1979:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:
1955:
1944:. Retrieved
1940:the original
1930:
1921:
1912:
1901:
1892:
1879:
1870:
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1852:
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1816:
1807:
1787:
1768:
1765:"Network TV"
1759:
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1720:
1682:
1675:
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1624:
1611:
1602:
1574:November 11,
1572:. Retrieved
1568:the original
1536:
1511:
1501:
1492:
1479:
1470:
1457:
1446:. Retrieved
1442:
1433:
1423:
1416:
1405:. Retrieved
1396:
1387:
1364:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1302:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1240:
1218:November 11,
1216:. Retrieved
1212:the original
1202:
1191:. Retrieved
1188:TVTechnology
1187:
1177:
1161:
1129:
1090:
1087:Soviet Union
1001:2.8 MHz
979:Aspect ratio
964:Sound offset
930:
922:
887:
869:, using the
860:
856:Philadelphia
829:
812:
797:
781:
762:
706:74.3 μs
686:36.3 μs
654:Aspect ratio
634:Sound offset
589:Broad pulses
554:
542:
518:Eiffel Tower
515:
491:
476:
461:
445:
405:2.8 MHz
382:74.3 μs
362:36.3 μs
311:Sound offset
256:Broad pulses
212:
205:
202:
197:
193:
191:
186:
184:
179:
175:
171:
167:
165:
131:
88:
75:World War II
30:
29:
3720:VIT signals
3715:Vectorscope
3654:Earth bulge
3636:Propagation
3599:& bands
3597:Frequencies
3380:Raster scan
3320:Chrominance
3310:Black level
3305:front porch
3070:Templates (
2787:MPEG-H HEVC
2526:Progressive
2006:Lohr, Lenox
1906:Lohr (1940)
1627:(July): 16.
1625:Electronics
1605:(July): 28.
1603:Electronics
1365:bbcbasic.uk
914:Schenectady
890:Los Angeles
800:Nipkow disk
701:6.3 μs
696:9.0 μs
691:1.0 μs
599:Front porch
460:Telefunken
444:Telefunken
377:6.3 μs
372:9.0 μs
367:1.0 μs
329:spect ratio
268:Front porch
153: [
3649:Distortion
3582:Transposer
3517:Dummy load
3473:Amplifiers
3440:Modulation
3330:Colorburst
3301:Back porch
2914:Captioning
2716:MPEG-4 AVC
2484:Interlaced
2409:Historical
2345:Captioning
2304:BTSC (MTS)
2279:1250 lines
2263:1125 lines
2092:Television
1970:2023-01-11
1946:2022-06-27
1895:(May): 40.
1471:Radio News
1448:2023-01-08
1407:2023-01-08
1193:2023-01-11
1099:References
996:6 MHz
910:Cincinnati
906:Fort Wayne
902:Washington
808:iconoscope
804:Braun tube
726:4 MHz
721:3 MHz
716:7 MHz
609:Back porch
400:2 MHz
282:Back porch
161:Telefunken
103:Reichspost
35:scan lines
3756:Sparklies
3741:Dot crawl
3734:Artifacts
3674:Path loss
3669:Null fill
3644:Beam tilt
3385:Safe area
3051:Test card
2724:ATSC A/72
2630:DVB 3D-TV
2242:819 lines
2170:625 lines
2130:525 lines
2112:405 lines
2038:American
1528:225384571
604:Line sync
558:819-lines
530:Wehrmacht
275:Line sync
138:Blaupunkt
123:Nuremberg
99:180 lines
3771:Category
3746:Ghosting
3507:Diplexer
3375:Overscan
3340:Color TV
3233:System F
3229:System E
3225:819-line
3219:System N
3215:System L
3211:System K
3207:System I
3203:System H
3199:System G
3195:System D
3191:System C
3187:System B
3183:625-line
3177:System M
3173:525-line
3168:455-line
3163:441-line
3157:System A
3153:405-line
3148:375-line
3143:343-line
3138:180-line
2963:Defunct.
2929:Teletext
2795:ATSC 3.0
2451:567-line
2446:455-line
2441:441-line
2436:375-line
2431:343-line
2426:180-line
2416:Pre-1940
2370:Teletext
2250:System E
2178:System B
2138:System M
2120:System A
2042: :
2008:(1940).
1544:Archived
1166:Archived
1011:Negative
810:system.
731:Positive
522:455-line
410:Positive
119:Bayreuth
91:375-line
31:441-line
18:441 line
3698:Testing
3280:PALplus
3130:Systems
2810:ISDB-S3
2759:MobaHo!
2706:MobaHo!
2475:Digital
2222:PALplus
1791:. IET.
898:Chicago
392:4
111:Hamburg
85:Germany
71:Finland
65:in the
51:Germany
3255:NTSC-J
2883:HE-AAC
2805:HD DMB
2350:CGMS-A
2286:HD-MAC
2146:NTSC-J
2103:Analog
1795:
1732:
1690:
1526:
1473:: 575.
1093:Moscow
883:DuMont
848:Philco
746:1.15:1
512:France
420:1.15:1
150:TeKaDe
146:Lorenz
115:Munich
107:Berlin
47:France
3421:NICAM
3409:Sound
3294:Video
3285:SECAM
3275:PAL-S
3270:PAL-M
2825:Audio
2777:ABS-S
2749:SBTVD
2688:ABS-S
2647:ABS-S
2590:UHDTV
2583:1080p
2514:1080i
2314:NICAM
2296:Audio
2226:SECAM
2218:PAL-N
2160:B-MAC
2154:PAL-M
1889:(PDF)
1645:(PDF)
1621:(PDF)
1599:(PDF)
1524:S2CID
1495:: 63.
1489:(PDF)
1467:(PDF)
1169:(PDF)
1158:(PDF)
871:W2XBS
786:Japan
777:Milan
769:Italy
765:Turin
759:Italy
711:70/30
462:FE VI
387:70/30
176:FE VI
168:FE V,
157:]
142:Loewe
134:Bosch
59:Japan
55:Italy
3684:Skew
3365:Luma
3303:and
3250:NTSC
2919:CPCM
2873:LPCM
2843:AC-4
2833:AC-3
2815:DTMB
2769:AVS2
2754:1seg
2739:DTMB
2729:CMMB
2683:DTMB
2675:AVS+
2665:CMMB
2642:DTMB
2637:ISDB
2620:ATSC
2578:720p
2573:HDTV
2566:576p
2561:480p
2556:EDTV
2549:288p
2544:240p
2539:1seg
2534:LDTV
2509:HDTV
2502:576i
2497:480i
2492:SDTV
2461:OSKM
2390:VITC
2380:VEIL
2309:EIAJ
2270:MUSE
2142:NTSC
1793:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1576:2012
1220:2012
933:NTSC
852:W3XE
773:Rome
446:FE V
198:DE 6
194:FS38
187:FE-D
159:and
79:USSR
3626:VHF
3621:UHF
3265:PAL
3015:DCI
2924:EPG
2904:AFD
2878:AAC
2868:PCM
2853:DRA
2848:DTS
2837:5.1
2800:DVB
2744:DVB
2734:DMB
2657:AVS
2625:DVB
2400:XDS
2395:WSS
2385:VIT
2375:VBI
2365:PDC
2360:GCR
2355:EPG
2319:SAP
2232:MAC
2214:PAL
1516:doi
1021:4:3
863:NBC
854:in
844:FCC
394:MHz
63:RCA
3773::
3231:,
3217:,
3213:,
3209:,
3205:,
3201:,
3197:,
3193:,
3189:,
2956:^
2944:^
2600:8K
2595:4K
2252:,
2224:,
2220:,
2216:,
2208:,
2204:,
2200:,
2196:,
2192:,
2188:,
2184:,
2180:,
2152:,
2148:,
2144:,
1963:.
1920:.
1891:.
1869:.
1851:.
1833:.
1815:.
1777:^
1767:.
1749:.
1702:^
1665:.
1647:.
1633:^
1623:.
1601:.
1584:^
1555:^
1522:.
1514:.
1510:.
1491:.
1469:.
1441:.
1386:.
1373:^
1363:.
1352:^
1342:.
1324:.
1311:^
1301:.
1288:^
1278:.
1260:.
1249:^
1239:.
1228:^
1186:.
1160:.
1138:^
1128:.
1107:^
1016:AM
928:.
920:.
912:,
908:,
904:,
900:,
881:,
741:AM
540:.
415:AM
155:de
148:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
109:,
3485:/
3235:)
3227:(
3221:)
3185:(
3179:)
3175:(
3159:)
3155:(
3111:e
3104:t
3097:v
3074:)
3017:)
3013:(
2839:)
2835:(
2254:F
2228:)
2210:N
2206:L
2202:K
2198:I
2194:H
2190:G
2186:D
2182:C
2156:)
2072:e
2065:t
2058:v
1973:.
1949:.
1924:.
1873:.
1855:.
1837:.
1819:.
1771:.
1753:.
1736:.
1669:.
1578:.
1530:.
1518::
1451:.
1410:.
1390:.
1367:.
1346:.
1328:.
1305:.
1282:.
1264:.
1243:.
1222:.
1196:.
1132:.
736:3
327:A
20:)
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