1048:
1291:
1063:
448:
door is set on the aft port side. The tail boom uses conventional semi-monocoque construction, supported by closely spaced notched channel-section frames and continuous stringers, absent of any major longitudinal sections or longerons. The cranked section carrying the tail rotor and trim plane is more robust, strengthened by a solid-web spar, frames, and stiffeners. The juncture of the main boom and cranked section is hinged in order to reduce the rotorcraft's folded length to 58 ft (18 m). Along the top of the boom, the shaft for the tail rotor is covered by a fairing.
1215:
1267:
1244:
33:
436:, the hull design was "reminiscent of flying-boat engineering". The main cabin lacks any transverse bracing, except for a single bulkhead between the cockpit and cabin. Substantial built-up frames connect the strengthened roof structure with the floor/planing-bottom of transverse under-floor bulkheads and outer skin. A conventional exterior skin is used, employing longitudinal stiffeners as well as two lines of deep channel members, while the under-floor cross members are reinforced with vertical stiffeners. There is no
686:
882:
389:
1140:
1192:
1118:
212:. On 23 July 1963, a modified Super Frelon flew a record-breaking flight, setting the new FAI absolute helicopter world speed record with a recorded speed of 217.7 mph (350.4 km/h). Both civilian and military versions of the Super Frelon were produced; the type was predominantly sold to military customers. In 1981, Aerospatiale, Sud Aviation's successor company, chose to terminate production due to a lack of orders.
1169:
1037:
869:
856:
1095:
1482:
473:
455:-equipped struts. The main leading gear units are mounted on triangulated tubular structures, while the nose gear is bracketed to the cockpit bulkhead via a watertight seal in the planing bottom. The main wheels have hydraulic brakes operated from the pedals, complete with a parking hand brake, while the nose unit is fully castoring. The nose, which is covered by large glazed panels, has a bow
440:, at the floor level there are horizontal members between frames which are stiffened by transverse shear angles. Flexible fuel cells are stored in four watertight under-floor compartments lying fore and aft of the rotor axis, while the floor itself is fitted with removable panels. A hatch set into the floor, positioned approximately underneath the rotor axis, is used for sling-load operations.
507:(PLAN) for conducting shipborne ASW and SAR operations. For ASW missions, the Z-8 is equipped with surface search radar and a French HS-12 dipping sonar while carrying a Whitehead A244S torpedo under the starboard side of the fuselage. The rotorcraft were also used to ferry supplies from replenishment ship to surface combatants, and transport marines from the landing ship to the shore.
348:
By July 1964, the French
Government had placed an initial order for the Super Frelon, intended to perform logistic support duties at the Centre Experimental du Pacifique; negotiations for a further order was already being negotiated for the naval version, which were to be equipped for anti-submarine
344:
By April 1964, the two prototypes had accumulated 388 flying hours, which included 30 hours of seaworthiness trials performed with the second prototype. In
January 1964, the third Super Frelon prototype made its first flight, the fourth first flew during May 1964, and a pair of pre-production models
529:
version was developed as an army transport variant and received certification in
February 1999. In 2001, a pair of Z-8As were delivered to the Army for evaluation, however, it ultimately decided to procure additional Mi-17V5s instead. Only a single batch of about six Z-8A were delivered to the Army
416:
are mounted on a horizontal bulkhead and firewall which forms the roof of the cabin and upper structural member of the fuselage. The engines are isolated by multiple firewalls, including transverse firewalls separating front and rear engines from the rotor gearbox, and zonal engine firewalls. Eight
447:
construction, which is closed by a robust hinged rear loading ramp, which serves as the main entrance for bulky loads or equipment. The loading ramp is jettisonable in emergency situations. Additionally, there is a sliding door located on the forward starboard side, while a small hinged emergency
307:
main rotor, instead of the Frelon's 50 ft (15 m) four-bladed one, and a five-bladed (instead of four-bladed) tail rotor. Overall, the modified design provided for a greatly increased gross weight, from 17,650 to 26,450 lb (8,010 to 12,000 kg), whilst improving the rotorcraft's
340:
fixed to the undercarriage. On 23 July 1963, a modified prototype Super Frelon helicopter was used to break the FAI absolute helicopter world speed record, having attained a maximum speed of 217.7 mph (350.4 km/h) during the flight. Flown by Jean Boulet and Roland
Coffignot, a total of
311:
Additional external changes between the Frelon and Super Frelon had been made, such as the original stubby tail boom having been replaced by a more conventional one, albeit with a crank in it to raise the tail rotor clear of vehicles approaching the rear loading ramp. Taking note of
American
556:, Z-8 helicopter production received a massive boost as the event had proved the helicopter's value in humanitarian missions. New engine acquisition and design changes were implemented in order to iron out some of known existing issues which had affected the Z-8 for decades. The Chinese
560:
ordered 18 Z-8 helicopters; by 2013, at least five helicopters had been delivered, the majority of these having been assigned to forestry fire fighting units. During subsequent earthquake relief operations, Z-8 helicopters have been deployed to perform rescue and logistical missions.
312:
experiments with amphibious helicopters, the Super Frelon's fuselage was redesigned into a hull, featuring a bow, planing bottom and watertight bilge compartments. Various foreign manufacturers participated in the development and manufacturing of the type; American helicopter company
291:, which both had released details on its anticipated demands for a heavy helicopter; however, these requirements were revised upwards by the customer, leading to the redesign and emergence of the Super Frelon. Changes included the adoption of much more powerful engines, using three
345:
were completed during the latter half of 1964. The third prototype participated in a series of accelerated wear trials to establish component endurance and overhaul lifespan, while the fourth prototype was assigned to further tests of equipment for the naval environment.
341:
three international records were broken, these being: speed over 3 km at low altitude, 212.03 mph (341.23 km/h); speed at any altitude over 15 and 25 km, 217.77 mph (350.47 km/h); and 100km closed circuit 207.71 mph (334.28 km/h).
564:
In 2018, the PLA Army
Aviation announced that it would begin phasing out its fleet of Z-8 helicopters due to low performance and high maintenance requirements, even though some examples have only been in service for 6 years, the Z-8s will likely to be replaced by the
298:
engines, each capable of generating 1,320 shp (980 kW) on the prototypes (later uprated to 1,500 shp (1,100 kW) on production models) in place of the Frelon's 750 / 800 shp (560 / 600 kW)
723:
light armoured cars in support of airborne operations, but this concept was dropped when tests revealed the helicopter was incapable of handling the vehicle's combat weight. A total of four helicopters had arrived by the start of the 1967
408:(ORB-42), and a 50-metre rescue cable. They are most often fitted with a 20 mm cannon, countermeasures, night vision, a laser designator and a Personal Locator System. The Super Frelon can also be fitted for inflight refueling.
403:
engines set on top of the fuselage, a pair of turbines positioned side by side at the front and one located aft of the main rotor. The naval anti-submarine and anti-ship variants are usually equipped with navigation and search
276:, the firm was keen to establish a range of helicopters fulfilling various roles, functions, and size requirements; two of the larger models in development by the early 1960s were the Super Frelon and what would become the
411:
The front engines have simple individual ram intakes, while the rear one is fitted with a semi-circular scoop to provide air; all three bifurcated exhausts are near to the rotor head. The three engines and the reduction
380:. Three military variants were produced: military transport, anti-submarine and anti-ship. The transport version is able to carry 38 equipped troops, or alternatively 15 stretchers for casualty evacuation tasks.
480:
From
December 1975 to April 1977, China took delivery of a batch of 12 SA 321 Super Frelon navalised helicopters. These helicopters came in two variants: anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and search and rescue
765:-GE-T5D engine. The Super Frelons also took part in the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in June 1982. Due to their relatively high maintenance cost and poor performance capabilities compared to the IAF
360:
Both civilian and military versions of the Super Frelon were built, with the military variants being the most numerous by far, entering service with the French military as well as being exported to
268:. During the type's development, Sud Aviation had risen to prominence as a major helicopter manufacturer, having exported more rotorcraft than any other European rival. Having produced the popular
518:
turret and a hoist, made its first flight in
December 2004. Another rescue variant, furnished with dedicated medivac equipment on board, was also developed for the Navy, designated as the
280:. The Super Frelon was the largest helicopter in development by the firm, being substantially increased over the earlier Frelon, and was considered to be an ambitious design at the time.
2106:
417:
sturdy hinged doors provide access to the compact Turmo engines, which have ample space around them to enable ground crew to service them without using external platforms.
2078:
653:, Iraq started using Super Frelon and its other newly purchased Exocet-equipped fighters to target Iranian shipping in Persian Gulf in an event now known as the
396:
The Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon is a large, heavy-lift single-rotor helicopter, furnished with a relatively atypical three-engine configuration; these are
2582:
1027:, first spotted in January 2019. The internal width of the load area has been increased from 1.8m to 2.4 m, making it larger than old Z-8 and SA321 variants.
596:' anti-ship missiles. Five SA321GA freighters, originally used in support of the Pacific nuclear test centre, were transferred to assault support duties.
549:. The AC313 has a maximum takeoff weight of 13.8 tonnes, is capable of carrying up to 27 passengers, and has a maximum range of 900 km (559 miles).
937:
Export version for Iraq, it was powered by three
Turbomeca Turmo IIIE turboshaft engines, fitted with Omera ORB-31D search radar, and armed with Exocet
2262:
3005:
1279:
201:. It held the distinction of being the most powerful helicopter to be built in Europe at one point, as well as being the world's fastest helicopter.
2055:
2416:
2390:
2338:
2211:
2159:
847:
did issue a requirement for fifteen of the specific aircraft, and recommended purchasing up to fifty, by 1984 the sale had still not materialized.
542:
s for conducting SAR missions; these were equipped with a FLIR turret and a searchlight underneath the cabin, plus a hoist and a flare dispenser.
1718:
1680:
1847:
1085:
820:
220:
89:
2793:
2575:
2870:
809:
1080:
599:
In 2003, the surviving
Aeronavale Super Frelons were assigned to transport duties, including commando transport, VertRep and SAR.
3030:
2099:
1290:
947:
Commercial airline helicopter, powered by three Turbomeca IIIC-3 turboshaft engines, with accommodation for 34 to 37 passengers.
2237:
708:
with a heavy lift transport capability. The first of these helicopters arrived on 20 April 1966, enabling the inauguration of
3040:
2627:
1075:
823:
sparked a major border incident between South Africa and Zambia when its guerrillas fired on an SAAF Super Frelon landing at
531:
332:. On 28 May 1963, it was followed by the second prototype. The first prototype was tailored towards meeting the needs of the
103:
2568:
1871:
903:
IIIB engines driving a four-bladed rotor of 15.2 m (50 ft) diameter. Two built, the first flying on 10 June 1958.
2291:
316:
was contracted to supply the design of a new six-bladed main rotor and five-bladed tail rotor, while Italian manufacturer
2442:
2364:
2185:
1010:
874:
3035:
1944:
860:
2507:
Roux, Robert J. (November 1970). "Les records de vitesse du Super Frélon" [The Super Frélon's Speed Records].
2132:
3025:
2554:
2484:
2008:
1972:
1907:
1820:
1793:
586:
3010:
2848:
2021:
1227:
611:
504:
353:
support for the Super Frelon programme had already declined by this point, partially due to interest in the rival
3020:
827:
from Zambian soil. The South Africans retaliated with an artillery strike, which struck a Zambian Army position.
2839:
2047:
240:
2745:
2740:
2863:
2672:
2667:
1000:
500:(land-or-ship based ASW/SAR helicopter). The Super Frelon remains operational with the PLA Navy as of 2014.
2677:
2735:
2715:
2705:
2700:
273:
2882:
777:
In 1980–1981, six radar-equipped SA 321GM helicopters and eight SA 321M SAR/transports were delivered to
766:
654:
486:
2725:
2710:
2695:
2524:
2412:
2386:
2334:
2207:
2155:
812:
between 1978 and 1979. Others were mobilised for evacuating South African paratroops from Angola during
277:
269:
1047:
496:
China has also manufactured a number of Super Frelons locally, where it is known under the designation
585:). Apart from ship-based ASW missions, the SA321G also carried out sanitisation patrols in support of
3015:
530:
in November 2002; these still retained the nose weather radar and side floats. Starting in 2007, the
208:, which had failed to enter production. On 7 December 1962, the first prototype conducted the type's
1710:
459:
and planing bottom built as a unit with the flight deck, which is higher than the main cabin floor.
2856:
2750:
557:
515:
2642:
545:
China has also developed a domestic civil helicopter variant of the Z-8, which is marketed as the
264:
The SA.3210 Super Frelon was developed by French aerospace company Sud Aviation from the original
2952:
1256:
886:
797:
592:
ballistic missile submarines. Some aircraft were modified with nose-mounted targeting radar for '
553:
107:
17:
2730:
2798:
2632:
1843:
1527:
354:
223:. On 30 April 2010, the type was retired by the French Navy, having been replaced by a pair of
69:
2823:
2652:
1810:
657:. Two of the Iraqi Super Frelons were downed by Iranian fighters, one by a long-range shot of
2647:
1688:
1505:
1107:
1052:
894:
709:
578:
265:
216:
205:
159:
2662:
839:
had ordered fifteen unspecified Super Frelons from France as part of an arms deal funded by
728:, during which they flew 41 sorties. Israeli Super Frelons saw extensive service during the
2808:
2529:
2263:"SA321J Super Frelon - Jejak Sejarah Helikopter Angkut Berat TNI AU dan Pelita Air Service"
1899:
1522:
1152:
762:
433:
54:
2079:"Update: Images show wide-body variant of Z-8G helicopter undergoing load-carrying trials"
859:
A Super Frelon loading and about to take off from the flight deck of the aircraft carrier
792:
ordered sixteen SA 321L helicopters in 1965, which were delivered by 1967 and assigned to
8:
2803:
2604:
236:
2001:
Air Forces of the World: An Illustrated Directory of All the World's Military Air Powers
1184:- 10 delivered in 1980-1981 but status unknown since Gulf War and not with current fleet
2496:, May 2009, Vol 76 No. 5. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 56–60.
1544:
1158:
938:
813:
1379:
397:
2878:
2560:
2550:
2536:
2512:
2492:
2480:
2004:
1968:
1940:
1903:
1816:
1789:
1204:
739:
705:
690:
650:
639:
619:
482:
421:
313:
228:
2909:
2233:
1741:
844:
793:
745:
729:
670:
634:; equipped with radar and Exocet missiles, the Iraqi models were designated as the
615:
614:
in the Search and Rescue role. They were retired on 30 April 2010, replaced by two
337:
333:
224:
1896:
Air War on the Edge: A History of the Israel Air Force and its Aircraft since 1947
1875:
1868:
1500:
1487:
1181:
1130:
900:
758:
733:
713:
685:
666:
658:
631:
546:
300:
292:
248:
169:
111:
2595:
2313:
719:
The Israeli military had initially hoped to use the Super Frelons for deploying
78:
2657:
2287:
754:
452:
32:
2438:
2360:
2181:
2999:
2516:
824:
329:
209:
987:
Chinese built version with three Changzhou Lan Xiang WZ6 turboshaft engines.
2967:
2932:
2927:
2591:
1517:
1249:
975:
Military transport version for South Africa, fitted with air inlet filters.
840:
789:
716:. An additional six Super Frelons were ordered during the following year.
365:
350:
283:
The earlier Frelon had been developed to meet the requirements of both the
194:
74:
2503:, June 2010, Vol 78 No. 6. UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634. p. 12.
899:
Prototype transport helicopter powered by three 597 kW (800 hp)
503:
Since the early 1980s, the Super Frelons have been frequently used by the
328:
On 7 December 1962, the first prototype Super Frelon conducted the type's
2977:
2972:
2025:
1233:
1041:
916:
725:
720:
674:
662:
566:
490:
304:
288:
284:
99:
38:
919:, it was powered by three Turbomeca IIIC-6 turboshaft engines; 26 built.
881:
388:
2922:
2904:
2687:
1417:
1383:
801:
400:
295:
190:
1869:"The Israel Digest of Press and Events in Israel and the Middle East."
336:, while the second was fully navalised, including lateral stabilising
231:
helicopter. The Super Frelon was in use for an extended period within
215:
The Super Frelon was most heavily used by naval air arms, such as the
1372:
3,975 L (1,050 US gal; 874 imp gal) (normal)
1145:
451:
The fixed landing gear has twin wheels on each of the three vertical
444:
425:
953:
Commercial transport helicopter and accommodation for 27 passengers.
630:
Starting in 1977, a total of 16 Super Frelons were delivered to the
2818:
2813:
2637:
1532:
805:
694:
643:
1673:
1036:
1024:
868:
855:
413:
227:
helicopters as a stopgap measure pending the availability of the
204:
The Super Frelon was a more powerful development of the original
1937:
SAAF's Border War: The South African Air Force in Combat 1966–89
2775:
2622:
2617:
2612:
1466:
1197:
1123:
1100:
593:
361:
198:
472:
2879:
2499:
Grolleau, Henri-Pierre. "Hello EC225, Goodbye Super Frelon".
2479:. London: Aerospace Publishing, Single Volume Edition, 1996.
1341:
23.03 m (75 ft 7 in) (overall, rotors turning)
1272:
1220:
1068:
1014:
925:
Utility and assault transport helicopter for the French Navy.
836:
778:
456:
443:
At the rear of the cabin is a tapered section of simple semi-
429:
405:
373:
369:
232:
1051:
Olympic Airways SA321F Super Frelon F-OCMF now preserved at
931:
Export version for Libya, fitted with Omera ORB-32WAS radar.
677:
in July 1986, while attempting to take off from an oil rig.
16:
This article is about the Super Frelon. For other uses, see
1174:
1013:
radar, 360 degree coverage, redesigned nose similar to the
485:
versions. The Super Frelon was the first helicopter of the
437:
377:
317:
2234:"Olympic Airlines Sud Aviation SA-321 Super Frelon F-OCMF"
1967:(2006 ed.). Just Done Productions. pp. 132–226.
1023:
Chinese variant with wide-body fuselage and enlarged fuel
981:
Search and rescue, utility transport helicopter for Libya.
1703:
2094:
2092:
514:, was outfitted with upgraded avionics, a searchlight,
2525:
Super Frelon: Western Europe's Most Powerful Helicopter
2314:"SE3210 Super Frelon in Al Quwwa al Jawwiya al Iraqiya"
1009:
Chinese AEW helicopter with retractable radar antenna,
577:
In October 1965, the SA 321G ASW helicopter joined the
2590:
1413:
249 km/h (155 mph, 134 kn) at sea level
1285:
247:. A modernised derivative of the Z-8, marketed as the
2124:
2089:
1477:
189:("Super Hornet") is a three-engined heavy transport
2542:, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1966.
2490:Grolleau, Henri-Paul. "French Navy Super Hornets".
1512:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
669:) while under way over Persian Gulf, and one by an
2131:
2022:"Chinese Military Aviation | China Air Force"
1155:- operated by Pelita Air Service and since retired
303:engines; these drove a 62 ft (19 m) six-
1040:A Super Frelon helicopter of the 35F wing of the
432:construction; according to aerospace publication
320:supplied the design for a new main transmission.
2997:
1965:Borderstrike! South Africa Into Angola 1975–1980
1939:. Solihull: Helion and Company Ltd. p. 24.
761:engines with the 1,390 kW (1,870 shp)
638:. These rotorcraft were deployed in the lengthy
1958:
1956:
1784:Williams, Anthony G.; Gustin, Emmanuel (2004).
757:, following which Israel replaced the original
646:, in which at least one example was destroyed.
308:aerodynamic efficiency and handling qualities.
251:, performed its first flight on 18 March 2010.
2457:
1783:
808:military operations against insurgents of the
753:The type was once again in service during the
2864:
2576:
1635:
835:In October 1975, it was widely reported that
618:helicopters purchased as stop-gaps until the
1953:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1594:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1788:. Marlborough: Crowood Press. p. 172.
872:A Super Frelon of the 32F wing, landing on
2871:
2857:
2583:
2569:
2257:
2255:
2048:"Image emerges of Z-8G helicopter variant"
1916:
1815:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 638.
1711:"Z8 Helicopter production boost from 2008"
489:(PLA) to be capable of operating from the
2540:Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–1967
2076:
1962:
1930:
1928:
1889:
1887:
1651:
1612:
1603:
1585:
1561:
1428:1,020 km (630 mi, 550 nmi)
1422:275 km/h (171 mph, 148 kn)
810:Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army
534:(PLAAF) also acquired dozens of upgraded
3006:1960s French military transport aircraft
2003:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979.
1990:Anne Sinai, Allen Pollack, 1976. p. 101.
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1086:People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force
1046:
1035:
880:
867:
854:
821:South West African People's Organization
769:, they were eventually retired in 1991.
693:Super Frelon at the Air Force Museum in
684:
471:
387:
357:, which was evaluated against the type.
221:People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force
90:People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force
2547:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1976–77
2477:Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft
2252:
1862:
1808:
1768:
1302:Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77
915:Anti-submarine warfare version for the
510:A naval SAR version, designated as the
2998:
2445:from the original on 11 September 2014
1934:
1925:
1893:
1884:
1881:, 1966. Collected Issues Volumes 9–10.
1759:
1386:, 1,160 kW (1,550 shp) each
969:Military transport version for Israel.
800:(SAAF). At least two were deployed to
732:, participating in operations such as
462:
2852:
2564:
2549:. London:Macdonald and Jane's, 1976.
2393:from the original on 18 February 2013
2367:from the original on 24 December 2013
2294:from the original on 24 December 2013
2240:from the original on 24 December 2013
2112:from the original on 16 December 2012
2077:Rupprecht, Andreas (21 August 2020).
1988:The Syrian Arab Republic: a handbook.
1829:
1081:People's Liberation Army Ground Force
2506:
2188:from the original on 6 December 2012
2058:from the original on 21 January 2019
2045:
1721:from the original on 27 October 2014
1459:4× homing torpedoes in the ASW role
1398:280.6 m (3,020 sq ft)
1259:- operated 17 and retired after 1990
610:, operating from Lanvéoc-Poulmic in
602:The SA321G Super Frelon served with
2509:Le Album de Fanatique de l'Aviation
1739:
1392:18.90 m (62 ft 0 in)
1354:6.66 m (21 ft 10 in)
1348:19.40 m (63 ft 8 in)
1286:Specifications (Naval Super Frelon)
909:Preproduction aircraft. Four built.
704:Super Frelons in 1965 to equip the
193:produced by aerospace manufacturer
13:
1850:from the original on 14 April 2010
1289:
1076:People's Liberation Army Air Force
532:People's Liberation Army Air Force
104:People's Liberation Army Air Force
14:
3052:
2419:from the original on 30 July 2013
2387:"World's Air Forces 1981 pg. 359"
2341:from the original on 30 July 2013
2335:"World's Air Forces 1981 pg. 349"
2214:from the original on 30 July 2013
2162:from the original on 30 July 2013
1446:6.66 m/s (1,312 ft/min)
712:, which operated the type out of
37:A Super Frelon helicopter of the
2413:"World's Air Forces 1997 pg. 53"
2288:"Al Quwwa al Jawwiya al Iraqiya"
2156:"World's Air Forces 1990 pg. 50"
2046:Tate, Andrew (21 January 2019).
1480:
1265:
1242:
1213:
1190:
1167:
1138:
1116:
1093:
1061:
31:
2469:
2431:
2405:
2379:
2353:
2327:
2306:
2280:
2226:
2200:
2174:
2148:
2070:
2039:
2014:
1993:
1981:
1935:Baxter, Peter (February 2013).
1802:
1777:
1733:
1366:13,000 kg (28,660 lb)
784:
700:Israel placed an order for six
392:The load deck of a Super Frelon
3031:Military transport helicopters
2533:, 9 July 1964. pp. 55–59.
2105:. Flightglobal Insight. 2013.
1469:missiles in the anti-ship role
1360:6,863 kg (15,130 lb)
1161:- operated for IAF and retired
1001:Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6
622:came into service in 2011–12.
323:
254:
241:Harbin Aircraft Industry Group
1:
1786:Flying Guns of the Modern Era
1550:
1440:3,150 m (10,330 ft)
505:People's Liberation Army Navy
259:
3041:Aircraft first flown in 1962
2475:Donald, David and Jon Lake.
1922:Donald and Lake 1996, p. 16.
1555:
1031:
424:, which makes use of a semi-
7:
2269:(in Indonesian). 2019-12-09
1473:
999:Chinese built version with
850:
420:The fuselage is actually a
10:
3057:
1963:Steenkamp, Willem (2006).
237:manufactured under license
15:
3036:Three-turbine helicopters
2986:
2890:
2836:
2784:
2766:
2759:
2686:
2603:
2511:(in French) (16): 27–29.
2236:. airplane-pictures.net.
1765:Grolleau 2009, pp. 56–60.
1003:B-67A turboshaft engines.
680:
572:
383:
274:Aérospatiale Alouette III
165:
155:
147:
139:
131:
126:
118:
95:
84:
68:
60:
50:
45:
30:
25:
3026:1960s French helicopters
2883:People's Liberation Army
2751:SA 365/AS365 Dauphin (2)
2439:"Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag"
1681:"AC313 Civil Helicopter"
1648:Stevens 1964, pp. 56–57.
1600:Stevens 1964, pp. 55–56.
1236:- not with current fleet
1230:- not with current fleet
959:Improved version of the
830:
772:
569:medium lift helicopter.
487:People's Liberation Army
467:
278:Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
270:Aérospatiale Alouette II
2885:helicopter designations
2463:Taylor 1976, pp. 40–41.
2133:"World Air Forces 2022"
2100:"World Air Forces 2013"
1846:. Armstrade.sipri.org.
1809:Farrokh, Kaveh (2011).
1309:General characteristics
1257:South African Air Force
887:South African Air Force
798:South African Air Force
625:
554:2008 Sichuan earthquake
108:South African Air Force
18:Frelon (disambiguation)
3021:Amphibious helicopters
2731:SA 340/341/342 Gazelle
1812:Iran at War, 1500–1988
1528:Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King
1295:
1056:
1044:
890:
878:
865:
697:
673:fired from an Iranian
477:
393:
355:Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King
3011:Aérospatiale aircraft
2648:Fouga CM.170 Magister
2523:Stevens, James Hay. "
2182:"Aéronautique Navale"
1894:Norton, Bill (2004).
1774:Grolleau 2010, p. 12.
1740:曾思敏 (22 March 2018).
1506:SNCASE SE.3200 Frelon
1293:
1108:French Naval Aviation
1053:The Helicopter Museum
1050:
1039:
884:
871:
858:
688:
579:French Naval Aviation
558:People's Armed Police
493:of surface vessels.
475:
391:
217:French Naval Aviation
160:SNCASE SE.3200 Frelon
2988:Unknown/not assigned
2530:Flight International
2415:. flightglobal.com.
2389:. flightglobal.com.
2337:. flightglobal.com.
2210:. flightglobal.com.
2158:. flightglobal.com.
2136:. Flightglobal. 2022
1902:. pp. 212–216.
1670:Stevens 1964, p. 57.
1639:Stevens 1964, p. 56.
1591:Stevens 1964, p. 58.
1582:Stevens 1964, p. 55.
1523:AgustaWestland AW101
1390:Main rotor diameter:
1153:Indonesian Air Force
819:In August 1978, the
763:General Electric T58
642:and during the 1991
476:A Z-8KH of the PLAAF
434:Flight International
398:Turboméca Turmo IIIC
301:Turbomeca Turmo IIIB
293:Turbomeca Turmo IIIC
88:In service with the
55:Transport helicopter
2721:SA 321 Super Frelon
2716:SA 319 Alouette III
2706:SA 316 Alouette III
2653:Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr
2605:Fixed-wing aircraft
1609:Taylor 1966, p. 63.
1495:Related development
1364:Max takeoff weight:
463:Operational history
187:SA 321 Super Frelon
46:General information
26:SA 321 Super Frelon
2746:SA 360 Dauphin (1)
2711:SA 318 Alouette II
2696:SA 313 Alouette II
1900:Midland Publishing
1874:2018-03-20 at the
1691:on 9 December 2011
1545:List of rotorcraft
1418:Never exceed speed
1296:
1280:Air Force of Zaire
1159:Pelita Air Service
1057:
1045:
939:anti-ship missiles
891:
879:
866:
814:Operation Reindeer
698:
478:
394:
2993:
2992:
2846:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2537:Taylor, John W.R.
2501:Air International
2493:Air International
1879:The Israel Digest
1844:"Trade Registers"
1715:AirForceWorld.com
1685:AirForceWorld.com
1205:Israeli Air Force
1055:Weston-super-Mare
706:Israeli Air Force
691:Israeli Air Force
620:NHIndustries NH90
349:duties. However,
229:NHIndustries NH90
175:
174:
140:Introduction date
3048:
3016:Changhe aircraft
2964:
2959:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2901:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2850:
2849:
2787:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2741:AS355 Ecureuil 2
2673:SE-117 Voltigeur
2668:SE-116 Voltigeur
2585:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2520:
2464:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:on 13 March 2012
2024:. Archived from
2018:
2012:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1932:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1891:
1882:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1827:
1826:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1687:. Archived from
1677:
1671:
1668:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1454:
1438:Service ceiling:
1406:
1396:Main rotor area:
1346:Fuselage length:
1311:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1228:Libyan Air Force
1219:
1217:
1216:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1067:
1065:
1064:
845:Syrian Air Force
730:War of Attrition
671:AGM-65A Maverick
616:Eurocopter EC225
334:French Air Force
239:and sold by the
225:Eurocopter EC225
35:
23:
22:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2900:Z-1 through Z-4
2899:
2892:
2886:
2877:
2847:
2842:
2840:SOCATA aircraft
2828:
2785:
2780:
2767:
2755:
2682:
2678:Super-Caravelle
2599:
2589:
2545:Taylor, J.W.R.
2472:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2270:
2267:Indomiliter.com
2261:
2260:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2044:
2040:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2015:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1892:
1885:
1876:Wayback Machine
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1830:
1823:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1501:Avicopter AC313
1488:Aviation portal
1486:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1455:
1450:
1402:
1380:Turboméca Turmo
1342:
1324:
1307:
1288:
1266:
1264:
1243:
1241:
1214:
1212:
1191:
1189:
1182:Iraqi Air Force
1168:
1166:
1139:
1137:
1131:Olympic Airways
1117:
1115:
1094:
1092:
1062:
1060:
1034:
993:Army transport.
901:Turbomeca Turmo
853:
833:
787:
775:
759:Turbomeca Turmo
683:
667:Operation Pearl
659:AIM-54A Phoenix
632:Iraqi Air Force
628:
608:Aviation navale
575:
547:Avicopter AC313
470:
465:
386:
326:
262:
257:
249:Avicopter AC313
235:, where it was
170:Avicopter AC313
151:7 December 1962
114:
112:Iraqi Air Force
110:
106:
77:
61:National origin
41:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2786:Space-related:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2761:
2760:Other products
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2736:AS350 Écureuil
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2543:
2534:
2521:
2504:
2497:
2488:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2456:
2430:
2404:
2378:
2361:"Heil Ha'Avir"
2352:
2326:
2305:
2279:
2251:
2225:
2199:
2173:
2147:
2123:
2088:
2069:
2038:
2013:
2011:. pp. 155–156.
1999:Hewish, Mark.
1992:
1980:
1973:
1952:
1946:978-1908916235
1945:
1924:
1915:
1908:
1883:
1861:
1828:
1821:
1801:
1794:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1732:
1702:
1672:
1650:
1641:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1492:
1491:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1448:
1447:
1444:Rate of climb:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1414:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1373:
1370:Fuel capacity:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1327:27 passengers
1319:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1209:
1208:
1207:- retired 1996
1201:
1200:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1103:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1007:
1006:Changhe Z-8AEW
1004:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
913:
910:
907:
904:
897:
895:SE.3200 Frelon
852:
849:
832:
829:
804:in support of
786:
783:
774:
771:
755:Yom Kippur War
721:Panhard AML-90
682:
679:
627:
624:
606:of the French
574:
571:
469:
466:
464:
461:
453:shock absorber
385:
382:
325:
322:
266:SE.3200 Frelon
261:
258:
256:
253:
206:SE.3200 Frelon
173:
172:
167:
166:Developed into
163:
162:
157:
156:Developed from
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
102:
97:
93:
92:
86:
82:
81:
72:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
43:
42:
36:
28:
27:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3053:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2841:
2835:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:Huygens probe
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:GY-80 Horizon
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2556:
2555:0-354-00538-3
2552:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2485:1-874023-95-6
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2460:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2315:
2309:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2213:
2209:
2208:"V/STOL 1970"
2203:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2134:
2127:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2010:
2009:0-671-25086-8
2006:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1974:1-920169-00-8
1970:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1919:
1911:
1909:1-85780-088-5
1905:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1822:9781780962214
1818:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1795:9781861266552
1791:
1787:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1645:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:Related lists
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1478:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:Cruise speed:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
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2893:(Helicopter)
2720:
2701:SA 315B Lama
2596:Aérospatiale
2592:Sud Aviation
2546:
2539:
2528:
2508:
2500:
2491:
2476:
2470:Bibliography
2459:
2447:. Retrieved
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
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2026:the original
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1689:the original
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1518:Agusta A.101
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1294:Super Frelon
1250:South Africa
1020:Changhe Z-8L
996:Changhe Z-8F
990:Changhe Z-8A
960:
873:
861:
843:. While the
841:Saudi Arabia
834:
818:
790:South Africa
788:
785:South Africa
776:
752:
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740:
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710:114 Squadron
701:
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195:Sud Aviation
186:
183:Sud Aviation
182:
179:Aérospatiale
178:
176:
148:First flight
132:Manufactured
119:Number built
79:Aérospatiale
75:Sud Aviation
70:Manufacturer
2726:SA 330 Puma
2688:Helicopters
1854:20 November
1746:解放军报社南部战区分社
1404:Performance
1384:turboshafts
1376:Powerplant:
1234:Libyan Navy
1042:French Navy
1017:, and FLIR.
984:Changhe Z-8
917:French Navy
794:15 Squadron
741:Tarnegol 53
726:Six-Day War
675:F-4 Phantom
663:F-14 Tomcat
649:During the
567:Harbin Z-20
491:flight deck
351:West German
324:Into flight
289:German Navy
285:French Navy
255:Development
100:French Navy
39:French Navy
3000:Categories
2838:See also:
2273:2019-12-10
2062:21 January
2054:. London.
2052:Jane's 360
2032:2012-03-19
1551:References
1432:Endurance:
862:Clemenceau
802:Mozambique
655:Tanker War
588:Redoutable
583:Aeronavale
552:After the
401:turboshaft
296:turboshaft
260:Background
245:Harbin Z-8
191:helicopter
181:(formerly
2768:Missiles:
2633:Caravelle
2517:0757-4169
1725:5 October
1556:Citations
1322:Capacity:
1299:Data from
1146:Indonesia
1110:- retired
1032:Operators
806:Rhodesian
445:monocoque
426:monocoque
135:1962–1981
2819:Spacebus
2814:Meteosat
2643:Corvette
2638:Concorde
2598:aircraft
2443:Archived
2417:Archived
2391:Archived
2365:Archived
2339:Archived
2292:Archived
2238:Archived
2212:Archived
2186:Archived
2160:Archived
2107:Archived
2056:Archived
1872:Archived
1848:Archived
1751:17 April
1742:"再见，直8！"
1719:Archived
1533:Mil Mi-8
1474:See also
1452:Armament
1025:sponsons
956:SA 321Ja
928:SA 321GM
922:SA 321Ga
851:Variants
695:Hatzerim
665:(during
644:Gulf War
612:Brittany
314:Sikorsky
287:and the
219:and the
2891:Zhí "Z"
2880:Chinese
2824:Türksat
2794:Arabsat
2449:7 March
2423:7 March
2397:7 March
2371:7 March
2345:7 March
2319:6 April
2298:7 March
2244:7 March
2218:7 March
2192:7 March
2166:7 March
2140:16 July
2116:7 March
1695:5 April
1352:Height:
1339:Length:
978:SA 321M
972:SA 321L
966:SA 321K
961:SA 321J
950:SA 321J
944:SA 321F
934:SA 321H
912:SA 321G
889:SA 321L
875:Ouragan
796:of the
714:Tel Nof
702:SA 321K
636:SA 321H
414:gearbox
243:as the
127:History
2804:Hermes
2799:Ariane
2776:Exocet
2623:ATR 72
2618:ATR 52
2613:ATR 42
2553:
2515:
2483:
2007:
1971:
1943:
1906:
1819:
1792:
1467:Exocet
1426:Range:
1270:
1247:
1218:
1198:Israel
1196:
1172:
1143:
1124:Greece
1121:
1101:France
1098:
1066:
906:SA 321
767:CH-53s
747:Rhodes
681:Israel
661:by an
594:Exocet
590:-class
573:France
538:s and
428:light
384:Design
362:Israel
338:floats
305:bladed
199:France
85:Status
64:France
2663:N 262
2110:(PDF)
2103:(PDF)
2083:Janes
1382:IIIC
1316:Crew:
1273:Zaire
1221:Libya
1069:China
1015:AC313
837:Syria
831:Syria
779:Libya
773:Libya
735:Helem
540:Z-8KA
520:Z-8JH
483:(SAR)
468:China
457:chine
430:alloy
406:radar
374:China
370:Libya
233:China
2978:Z-20
2973:Z-19
2968:Z-18
2963:Z-17
2958:Z-16
2953:Z-15
2948:Z-14
2943:Z-13
2938:Z-12
2933:Z-11
2928:Z-10
2628:ATSF
2551:ISBN
2513:ISSN
2481:ISBN
2451:2013
2425:2013
2399:2013
2373:2013
2347:2013
2321:2023
2300:2013
2246:2013
2220:2013
2194:2013
2168:2013
2142:2022
2118:2013
2064:2019
2005:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1856:2014
1817:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1753:2018
1727:2014
1697:2011
1434:4 hr
1378:3 ×
1175:Iraq
1011:AESA
744:and
626:Iraq
536:Z-8K
527:Z-8A
525:The
516:FLIR
512:Z-8S
438:keel
422:hull
378:Iraq
376:and
318:Fiat
272:and
177:The
143:1966
51:Type
2923:Z-9
2918:Z-8
2914:Z-7
2910:Z-6
2905:Z-5
2527:".
1465:2×
816:.
689:An
498:Z-8
197:of
122:110
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2081:.
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1955:^
1927:^
1898:.
1886:^
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1744:.
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1653:^
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1563:^
1461:or
1329:or
885:A
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750:.
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2066:.
2035:.
1977:.
1949:.
1912:.
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