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industry organizations from the top down. The government provides support to the fishery operators groups by helping to acquire the equipment necessary to reduce fuel consumption, through the introduction of energy-saving operating systems. In order to maintain a strong work force in the fishery industry, the government has programs to encourage college students to look into the industry as a possible career path. This includes supporting activities that provide the opportunity to experience stationary net fishing and aquaculture. The government also provides the prospective employees with job information from fisheries worldwide while holding job seminars with well recognized companies in the
Japanese fishery business. There is also a government sponsored on-site training program for individuals planning to make a career in the fishery industry. The fisheries in Japan are governed by the Japanese Fisheries Agency.
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farming (71.3% up from 41.8% in 1965). As more and more farm families turned to nonfarming activities, the farm population declined (down from 4.9 million in 1975 to 4.8 million in 1988). The rate of decrease slowed in the late 1970s and 1980s, but the average age of farmers rose to 51 years by 1980, twelve years older than the average industrial employee. Historically and today, women farmers outnumber male farmers. Government data from 2011 showed women heading more than three-quarters of new
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109:. It was further declined to 23.5% in 1965, 11.9% in 1977, and to 7.2% in 1988. The importance of agriculture in the national economy later continued its rapid decline, with the share of net agricultural production in GNP finally reduced between 1975 and 1989 from 4.1% to 3% In the late 1980s, 85.5% of Japan's farmers were also engaged in occupations outside farming, and most of these part-time farmers earned most of their income from nonfarming activities.
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and all administrative matters that go along with the organization. The
Resources Management Department plans the continuous development of Japan's fisheries. The Resources Development Department is in charge of the scientific research and development in the field of fisheries. The Fishing Port Department is the base for fishery production activities and also the basis for the distribution and processing of the marine products.
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511:, where the government pledged that its fleets would restrict their catch to international quotas, but it attracted international opprobrium for its failure to sign an agreement placing a moratorium on catching sperm whales. Japan withdrew from the International Whaling Commission in December 2018 and resumed commercial whaling in July 2019; since then, whaling activities have been limited to its territorial waters and
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is the government agency responsible for the fishing industry. The
Japanese Fisheries Agency states that the Basic Fisheries Plan was developed by the Japanese government in 2007, and claims that the government is working to establish long-standing, strong fisheries and fishery practices by promoting
358:
Studies have shown that climate change is already having a significant impact on rice agriculture with the increase of extreme events such as heat or dry spells. These changes represent a serious concern for growers and may become a source of the vulnerability of the crop production system and pose a
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Changing climatic conditions, with increasing temperature trends, decreasing rainfall and intensifying heat waves, droughts and other external phenomena, affect food production. These conditions tend to decrease crop yields and quality. Responses to the increase in temperature may be directed to the
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The
Fisheries Agency is organized into four departments: Fisheries Policy Planning Department, Resources Management Department, Resources Development Department, and Fishing Port Department. The Fisheries Policy Planning Department is in charge of the planning of policies concerning the fisheries,
558:
Other priorities of the
Japanese government include continuing to develop new technologies to improve fishery operations, whether incorporating new workplace needed technologies, or creating and exploiting intellectual properties. Also, at the top of the list is the reorganization of the fish-labor
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Japanese agriculture has been characterized as a "sick" sector because it must contend with a variety of constraints, such as the rapidly diminishing availability of arable land and falling agricultural incomes. The problem of surplus rice was further aggravated by extensive changes in the diets of
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The most striking feature of
Japanese agriculture is the shortage of farmland due to Japan's distinctive geography and geology. The 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) under cultivation constituted just 13.2% of the total land area in 1988. However, the land is intensively cultivated.
503:
Japan has more than 2,000 fishing ports, including
Nagasaki, in southwest Kyūshū; Otaru, Kushiro, and Abashiri in Hokkaidō. Major fishing ports on the Pacific coast of Honshū include, Hachinohe, Kesennuma, and Ishinomaki along the Sanriku coast, as well as Choshi, Yaizu, Shimizu, and Misaki to the
337:), also known as Farmland Banks, were introduced as part of a reform package in 2014, which also included the reform of local Agricultural Committees. As Jentzsch notes, "The reform package is supposed to rationalize farmland consolidation into the hands of ninaite farms, including corporations.
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rose in the 1900s, and farmers often shifted from dairy farming to production of high-quality (and high-cost) beef, such as Kobe beef. Throughout the 1980s, domestic beef production met over 2% of demand. In 1991, as a result of heavy pressure from the United States, Japan ended import quotas on
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Japan's economic boom that began in the 1950s left farmers far behind in both income and agricultural technology. They were attracted to the government's food control policy under which high rice prices were guaranteed and farmers were encouraged to increase the output of any crops of their own
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Three types of farm households developed: those engaging exclusively in agriculture (14.5% of the 4.2 million farm households in 1988, down from 21.5% in 1965); those deriving more than half their income from the farm (14.2% down from 36.7% in 1965); and those mainly engaged in jobs other than
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threat to national food security. It has been shown that there is a direct relationship between rice production and temperature, when the degree of climate change is large, production decreases. Yield reductions have been reported in specific areas or in extremely hot years.
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many
Japanese in the 1970s and 1980s. Even a major rice crop failure did not reduce the accumulated stocks by more than 25% of the reserve. In 1990, Japan was 67% self-sufficient in agricultural products and provided for around 30% of its cereal and fodder needs.
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displacement of crop zones to higher elevations where ideal climatic conditions for growth can be found. With the increase in temperature, there may be changes in the length of the vegetative period and the early appearance of phenological phases.
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Irrigation demand could be increased by higher temperatures due to higher plant evapotranspiration. The expansion of irrigated areas could become a threat to water resources, in terms of quantity and quality, if demand and cereal production
846:.Ishigooka, Y., Fukui, S., Hasegawa, T., Kuwagata, T., Nishimori, M., & Kondo, M. (2017). Large-scale evaluation of the effects of adaptation to climate change by shifting transplanting date on rice production and quality in Japan.
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463:. Moreover, cheaper import wood became more attractive, compared to domestic wood which is produced in steep mountains and requires high labor costs. Nowadays, many planted forests are too dense and need
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993:
Adrianto, L., Yoshiaki, M., Yoshiaki, S. (1995). Assessing local sustainability of fisheries system: a multi-criteriea participatory approach with the case of Yoron Island, Kagoshima prefecture, Japan.
615:, a 1929 Marxist novel about a crab boat crew determined to stand up to a cruel captain under harsh conditions, became a surprise bestseller, thanks to an advertising campaign linking the novel to the
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In 2015, the
Japanese forestry industry produced 20.05 million m volume of wood and 436.3 billion yen of production, with half of it from mushroom production. Forestry composes 0.04% of Japan's GDP.
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occupy most of the countryside, whether on the alluvial plains, the terraced slopes, or wetlands and coastal bays. Non-paddy farmland shares the terraces and lower slopes and is planted with
101:), these sectors had accounted for more than 80% of employment. Employment in agriculture declined in the prewar period, but the sector was still the largest employer (about 50% of the
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Jentzsch, Hanno (2017). "Abandoned land, corporate farming, and farmland banks: a local perspective on the process of deregulating and redistributing farmland in Japan".
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the overall restoration of the fishery industry. This can be accomplished by promoting surveys and research into fishery resources, the promotion of international
1102:
800:"Recent warming trends and rice growth and yield in Japan. In MARCO Symposium on Crop Production under Heat Stress: Monitoring, Impact Assessment and Adaptation"
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488:, in Tokyo, which is one of the world's largest wholesale markets for fresh, frozen, and processed seafood. Japan also has greatly advanced the techniques of
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459:, in attempt to produce construction material. However, after Japan had experienced rapid economic growth, they switched construction material from wood to
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Ishigooka, Y., Nishimori, M., Kuwagata, T., & Hasegawa, T. (2019). Impact of
Climate Change on Rice Productivity and Adaptation Strategy in Japan.
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choice. Farmers became mass producers of rice, even turning their own vegetable gardens into rice fields. Their output swelled to over 14 million
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in the late 1960s, a direct result of greater cultivated area and increased yield per unit area, owing to improved cultivation techniques.
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555:. This restoration consists of many different phases to include the restoration and management of high-level fishery resources.
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in international waters, promoting international cooperation within the international fishing grounds, and improving the living
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As an attempt to consolidate farmland and increase productivity, Farmland Intermediary Management Organizations (
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71:, but together they account for only 1.3% of gross national product. Only 20% of Japan's land is suitable for
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Hasegawa, T.; Kuwagata, T.; Nishimori, M.; Ishigooka, M.; Murakami, M.; Yoshimoto, M.; Matsuzaki, H. (2009).
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or sea farming. In this system, artificial insemination and hatching techniques are used to breed fish and
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Matsumoto, K., & Takagi, M. (2017). Climate Change Impact and Adaptation on Rice Production in Japan.
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Comitini, S. (1966). Marine Resources Exploitation and Management in the Economic Development of Japan.
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Two thirds of land of Japan is forest. 40% of the forests in Japan are planted forests, such as
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are numerous in Hokkaido, where 25% of farmers run dairies, but milk cows are also raised in
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Fisheries Agency. (2009). Fisheries Policy for FY2009 (Executive Summary). Retrieved from
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The Japanese fishing industry, both domestic and overseas, has long been centered on the
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Climate Smart Agriculture for the Small-Scale Farmers in the Asian and Pacific Region
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Japan is also one of the world's few whaling nations. Japan was a member of the
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KOBAYASHI, T. (1933). The cannery boat. New York, International publishers.
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are used to increase the sustainable fishing activities on the coastline.
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until the 1940s, but thereafter declined into relative unimportance (see
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884:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 19 July 2022. Archived from
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Development of agricultural output of Japan in 2015 US$ since 1961
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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National Institute for Agro-Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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The agricultural development of Japan: a century's perspective
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http://www.jfa.maff.go.jp/e/annual_report?2008/pdf/data3.pdf
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933:(Report). USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Archived from
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143:(13th largest producer in the world), 3.6 million tons of
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171:(4th largest producer in the world), 2.3 million tons of
998:, 29(1), 19-23. Retrieved from Science Direct database.
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List of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (Japan)
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Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)
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54:
75:, and the agricultural economy is highly subsidized.
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Radiation effects from Fukushima I nuclear accidents
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in those countries. Those bans were lifted in 2006.
551:in inland waters, while at the same time promoting
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518:Two of the largest fishing companies in Japan are
371:Livestock raising is a minor activity. Demand for
899:Japan economy angst boosts sales of Marxist novel
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865:"Annual Report on Forest and Forestry in Japan"
536:Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
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139:In 2018, Japan produced 9.7 million tons of
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316:is common: such crops are alternated with
312:, vegetables, and dry rice in the summer.
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928:Japanese Women in Agriculture - Overview
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692:"Agriculture Leans on Japanese Women"
423:Most of the imported beef comes from
348:Climate change in Japan § Agriculture
882:"Japan and the Management of Whales"
690:Kakuchi, Suvendrini (26 June 2013).
455:. They are mainly planted after the
435:was banned after the first cases of
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1008:Hayami, Yujiro, and Saburo Yamada.
926:Iijima, Midori (26 February 2015).
848:Journal of Agricultural Meteorology
634:Agricultural Protectionism in Japan
404:are mostly concentrated in western
13:
1012:(University of Tokyo Press, 1991).
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95:Agriculture in the Empire of Japan
43:Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
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716:Japan production in 2018, by FAO
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509:International Whaling Commission
346:This section is an excerpt from
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283:, and 2.7 million tons of other
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1374:British Indian Ocean Territory
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644:Women in agriculture in Japan
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97:). In the late 19th century (
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420:is the most popular meat.
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61:primary sector of industry
30:Fields of Chiba prefecture
2969:Fishing industry in Japan
2866:Earth sciences portal
2852:Climate change portal
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580:, a type of roach fishing
504:east and south of Tokyo.
341:Impacts of climate change
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2438:Great Green Wall (China)
2011:Close to nature forestry
1533:Central African Republic
1123:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
901:, Reuters, Aug. 11, 2008
167:), 208 thousand tons of
135:Rice production in Japan
69:Japanese mining industry
2472:Million Tree Initiative
1384:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
513:exclusive economic zone
334:nōchi chūkan kanri kikō
308:in the autumn and with
279:, 112 thousand tons of
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187:, 756 thousand tons of
183:, 773 thousand tons of
155:), 1.2 million tons of
2894:Environment portal
2326:Sustainable management
2221:Trillion Tree Campaign
778:G20 Climate Risk Atlas
427:, since beef from the
179:, 1.6 million tons of
175:, 1.3 million tons of
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23:
2819:Wood process engineer
2523:Urban forest inequity
831:Environmental Science
595:Dolphin drive hunting
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21:
2964:Agriculture in Japan
2482:Shifting cultivation
2423:Forest fragmentation
2393:Carbon sequestration
2263:Woodland Carbon Code
2228:Forest certification
2136:Even-aged management
2051:Sustainable forestry
1298:United Arab Emirates
520:Nippon Suisan Kaisha
500:is raised this way.
376:potatoes as well as
2287:Formally designated
2131:Ecological thinning
2041:Plantation forestry
1949:Research institutes
1493:Research institutes
1325:limited recognition
1058:Agriculture in Asia
940:on 13 November 2016
696:Inter Press Service
612:A Crab Canning Boat
541:resource management
530:Government position
486:Tsukiji fish market
461:reinforced concrete
2880:Ecology portal
2413:Forest degradation
2408:Ecosystem services
2016:Community forestry
729:Contemporary Japan
67:together with the
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2974:Forestry in Japan
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2908:Plants portal
2694:green woodworking
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147:(used to produce
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2006:Bamboo forestry
2001:Analog forestry
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2814:Tree planter
2794:Resin tapper
2774:Truck driver
2769:River driver
2518:Tree hugging
2503:
2486:
2453:timber mafia
2443:High grading
2428:Ghost forest
2398:Clearcutting
2321:Silviculture
2297:Horticulture
2141:Fire ecology
2056:Urban forest
2031:Mycoforestry
1991:
1987:Agroforestry
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1935:Forest areas
1933:
1926:
1867:by continent
1859:
1513:Timber mafia
1476:Forest areas
1363:Dependencies
1293:Turkmenistan
1258:Saudi Arabia
1023:MAFF website
1009:
995:
981:
964:
942:. Retrieved
935:the original
906:
894:
886:the original
876:
859:
854:(4), 156-173
851:
847:
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834:
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782:. Retrieved
780:. 2021-10-19
777:
735:(1): 31–46.
732:
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699:. Retrieved
695:
685:
680:, p. 1.
673:
617:working poor
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584:Factory ship
561:
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549:aquatic life
545:environments
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378:citrus fruit
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298:Rice paddies
294:
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123:agribusiness
119:
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107:World War II
99:Meiji period
77:
42:
41:
15:
2838:WikiProject
2762:smokejumper
2742:Firefighter
2705:Occupations
2689:Woodworking
2270:Forestation
2201:restoration
2156:informatics
2021:Ecoforestry
1827:South Korea
1776:New Zealand
1422:Asia portal
1323:States with
1243:Philippines
1183:South Korea
1178:North Korea
1073:Afghanistan
678:Iijima 2015
573:Ayu fishing
553:aquaculture
490:aquaculture
457:Pacific War
402:Beef cattle
392:, and near
249:cauliflower
129:Agriculture
115:metric tons
79:Agriculture
73:cultivation
59:) form the
56:nōrinsuisan
38:Rice fields
2958:Categories
2784:Lumberjack
2779:Log scaler
2662:engineered
2613:non-timber
2586:sawmilling
2538:Industries
2505:svedjebruk
2216:transition
2196:protection
2186:old-growth
2171:governance
2126:Dendrology
2076:management
1942:Ministries
1621:Bangladesh
1488:Ministries
1466:by country
1303:Uzbekistan
1278:Tajikistan
1193:Kyrgyzstan
1173:Kazakhstan
1093:Bangladesh
1083:Azerbaijan
944:9 November
784:2023-05-17
701:9 November
660:References
567:Techniques
478:See also:
285:vegetables
261:strawberry
217:watermelon
145:sugar beet
133:See also:
125:ventures.
103:work force
2732:Ecologist
2645:Tree farm
2546:Coppicing
2488:chitemene
2388:Acid rain
2336:allometry
2258:SmartWood
2206:secondary
2191:pathology
2166:inventory
2104:driftwood
1970:Arbor Day
1832:Sri Lanka
1764:Australia
1656:Sri Lanka
1583:Argentina
1389:Hong Kong
1343:Palestine
1268:Sri Lanka
1263:Singapore
1143:Indonesia
820:, vol 177
749:168758118
665:Citations
605:In 2008,
494:shellfish
474:Fisheries
425:Australia
408:, and on
367:Livestock
362:increase.
185:tangerine
169:persimmon
157:sugarcane
2933:Category
2747:handcrew
2717:Arborist
2712:Forester
2672:mahogany
2618:palm oil
2608:charcoal
2593:Products
2528:Wildfire
2341:breeding
2302:GM trees
2151:dynamics
1963:Journals
1956:Colleges
1916:Forestry
1872:agencies
1861:Category
1769:Tasmania
1739:Scotland
1651:Pakistan
1631:Cambodia
1576:Americas
1543:Ethiopia
1464:Forestry
1412:Category
1333:Abkhazia
1283:Thailand
1238:Pakistan
1218:Mongolia
1213:Maldives
1208:Malaysia
1108:Cambodia
623:See also
547:for all
465:thinning
443:Forestry
253:broccoli
221:eggplant
213:cucumber
173:potatoes
83:forestry
47:Japanese
2943:Outline
2757:lookout
2752:hotshot
2633:tanbark
2603:biomass
2598:biochar
2576:plywood
2561:Logging
2465:wilding
2114:log jam
2071:Ecology
1822:Romania
1802:Denmark
1756:Oceania
1714:Romania
1699:Germany
1694:Finland
1689:Estonia
1308:Vietnam
1223:Myanmar
1203:Lebanon
1133:Georgia
1088:Bahrain
1078:Armenia
920:Sources
835:30, no.
774:"Japan"
453:cypress
380:. Milk
281:apricot
237:pumpkin
229:spinach
209:chicory
205:lettuce
177:cabbage
165:ethanol
153:ethanol
87:fishing
63:of the
2789:Ranger
2737:Feller
2722:Bucker
2628:rubber
2571:lumber
2381:topics
2368:volume
2363:height
2309:i-Tree
2146:Forest
2099:coarse
2094:Debris
1993:dehesa
1837:Taiwan
1812:Mexico
1792:Canada
1729:Turkey
1724:Sweden
1709:Russia
1704:Poland
1681:Europe
1671:Turkey
1666:Taiwan
1626:Bhutan
1598:Mexico
1588:Canada
1558:Uganda
1525:Africa
1353:Taiwan
1288:Turkey
1253:Russia
1188:Kuwait
1168:Jordan
1158:Israel
1118:Cyprus
1103:Brunei
1098:Bhutan
961:.
833:, vol
747:
498:Salmon
433:Canada
410:Kyushu
406:Honshu
390:Tōhoku
306:barley
273:pepper
241:barley
201:carrot
197:tomato
85:, and
2623:rayon
2358:girth
2353:crown
2314:urban
2211:stand
2119:slash
2109:large
1980:Types
1928:Index
1807:Kenya
1797:Chile
1744:Wales
1719:Spain
1661:Syria
1646:Nepal
1641:Japan
1636:India
1593:Chile
1553:Sudan
1548:Ghana
1394:Macau
1313:Yemen
1273:Syria
1248:Qatar
1228:Nepal
1163:Japan
1138:India
1128:Egypt
1113:China
976:Japan
938:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
868:(PDF)
745:S2CID
449:cedar
394:Tokyo
388:, in
386:Iwate
318:beans
302:wheat
277:peach
265:melon
245:grape
193:wheat
189:apple
181:onion
161:sugar
149:sugar
2682:teak
2667:fuel
2657:Wood
2477:REDD
2331:Tree
2248:PEFC
2233:ATFS
1613:Asia
1538:Chad
1233:Oman
1198:Laos
1153:Iraq
1148:Iran
946:2016
703:2016
534:The
522:and
451:and
431:and
418:Pork
414:Hogs
398:Kobe
396:and
382:cows
373:beef
322:peas
320:and
304:and
269:taro
251:and
225:pear
207:and
163:and
151:and
141:rice
51:農林水産
2253:SFI
2243:FSC
2238:CFS
2176:law
2161:IPM
2073:and
1365:and
737:doi
609:'s
437:BSE
257:yam
233:soy
2960::
974:-
968:.
852:73
850:,
802:.
776:.
757:^
743:.
733:29
731:.
694:.
619:.
515:.
467:.
412:.
400:.
324:.
81:,
53:,
49::
1908:e
1901:t
1894:v
1456:e
1449:t
1442:v
1051:e
1044:t
1037:v
972:.
948:.
870:.
806:.
787:.
751:.
739::
705:.
350:.
45:(
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