29:
311:, as Alix's husband. In 1208, John permitted Eleanor to style herself Duchess of Brittany and Countess of Richmond, but gave her no lands of Richmond Earldom. Pierre married Alix on 27 January 1213, and paid homage to the French king for Brittany. In 1214 John recognized Alix as Duchess of Brittany, renouncing the claim of Eleanor.
302:
The Breton barons recognized Alix as
Duchess of Brittany after the presumed death of Arthur, instead of Eleanor. This was due to fears that John might claim to rule Brittany as regent for the imprisoned Eleanor. Alix's father Guy became regent for Alix until 1206, when
307:
made himself the regent of the duchy in Alix's name. King Philip II broke off the betrothal of Alix and the Breton prince Henry of Penthièvre, and turned to his French cousin
402:
188:
471:
Henry and his family would later become dispossessed of the
Countship of Penthièvre by Pierre Mauclerc, who would then bestow the title on Alix's daughter
410:
321:
Alix died on 21 October 1221, without having exercised much control over her own inheritance. She was succeeded in the duchy by her son
775:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1448:
1442:
354:
315:
449:, this was only a titular title, as Alix herself was styled Countess of Richmond and even made charters about this estate.
1492:
1497:
1487:
959:
318:
regent of
England as Earl and Countess of Richmond in place of Eleanor, who would never be released from imprisonment.
1092:
1522:
372:
1517:
1113:
459:
442:
272:
256:
220:
1077:
1406:
1122:
768:
644:
276:
267:, Constance died after giving birth to Alix's sisters Catherine and Margaret. Alix's older half-brother was
1364:
1358:
1263:
1176:
995:
784:
658:
200:
1028:
1346:
1242:
1068:
1062:
1019:
1007:
947:
1527:
1352:
1248:
1161:
1107:
1013:
1001:
862:
718:
674:
268:
62:
445:
was styled
Countess of Richmond as well as titular Duchess of Brittany from 1203 to 1219 by her uncle
1334:
1304:
1287:
1278:
1236:
1200:
1056:
953:
935:
847:
734:
690:
308:
156:
82:
1340:
1230:
867:
761:
745:
701:
343:
322:
184:
72:
941:
446:
358:
284:
292:
1482:
1477:
1319:
1146:
280:
8:
681:
472:
376:
368:
364:
304:
236:
97:
44:
1412:
709:
582:
The
Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages
288:
244:
36:
989:
788:
386:
382:
264:
179:
1400:
1370:
1297:
920:
725:
240:
139:
1385:
1215:
974:
1427:
1131:
817:
260:
210:
92:
1471:
872:
822:
296:
381:
Arthur of
Brittany (1220–1224), betrothed to Jeanne de Craon, daughter of
291:
in 1202, Arthur and
Eleanor were captured. Arthur was imprisoned at the
753:
591:
The
Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Family (1171-1221
852:
812:
832:
626:
Smith, Julia M.H. (1995). "Brittany". In Kibler, William W. (ed.).
327:
114:
28:
857:
842:
837:
283:, a power struggle commenced between her half-brother Arthur and
195:
827:
557:
143:
493:
491:
413:, where it is revealed that the heroine is named after her.
609:
The
Scourge of the Clergy: Peter of Dreux, Duke of Brittany
547:
545:
621:. Translated by Birrell, Jean. Cambridge University Press.
488:
600:
La
Chevalerie bretonne et la formation de l'armee ducale
542:
532:
530:
275:
and Matilda of Brittany, the children of Constance and
503:
527:
515:
462:, Constance and Guy had a third daughter, Margaret.
295:and in 1203 disappeared. Eleanor was imprisoned at
331:ruler of Brittany as John I's regent until 1237.
1469:
255:Alix was born in 1200. She was the daughter of
231:(1200 – 21 October 1221) (in Breton
602:(in French). Presses Universitaires de Rennes.
589:Everard, Judith; Jones, Michael, eds. (1999).
769:
588:
497:
397:Alix of Thouars is the heroine of the novel
392:
776:
762:
617:Richard, Jean (1983). Lloyd, Simon (ed.).
399:Le Poids d’une couronne (légende bretonne)
314:In 1218 Peter and Alix were recognised by
27:
802:
783:
239:from 1203 until her death. She was also
616:
606:
579:
551:
536:
509:
1470:
597:
563:
757:
625:
521:
316:William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
16:Duchess of Brittany from 1203 to 1221
619:Saint Louis: Crusader King of France
357:, daughter of the king of Navarre,
13:
432:Her name is sometimes spelt Alice.
14:
1539:
611:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
584:. University of California Press.
628:Medieval France: An Encyclopedia
1513:13th-century countesses regnant
1454:François de Bourbon (1973–1984)
189:Yolande, Countess of Penthièvre
168:
1508:13th-century dukes of Brittany
1503:13th-century duchesses regnant
465:
460:Arthur Le Moyne de La Borderie
452:
435:
426:
405:and is mentioned in the novel
273:Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany
257:Constance, Duchess of Brittany
221:Constance, Duchess of Brittany
1:
893:
803:
645:Dukes of Brittany family tree
481:
347:
1264:War of the Breton Succession
54:April 1203 – 21 October 1221
33:Alix represented on a window
7:
638:
334:
10:
1544:
1493:12th-century Breton people
654:Alix, Duchess of Brittany
573:
271:and her half-sisters were
269:Arthur I, Duke of Brittany
1498:13th-century Breton women
1488:12th-century Breton women
1435:
1426:
1393:
1384:
1327:
1318:
1271:
1262:
1223:
1214:
1184:
1175:
1154:
1145:
1100:
1091:
1049:
1042:
982:
973:
928:
919:
892:
885:
795:
742:
723:
715:
708:
698:
679:
671:
666:
652:
630:. Garland Publishing Inc.
598:Morvan, Frederic (2009).
580:Baldwin, John W. (1986).
325:, but Peter remained the
216:
206:
194:
178:
157:Peter I, Duke of Brittany
150:
132:
120:
108:
104:
88:
78:
68:
58:
50:
43:
26:
21:
607:Painter, Sidney (2020).
498:Everard & Jones 1999
419:
393:Portrayals in literature
344:John I, Duke of Brittany
185:John I, Duke of Brittany
1523:Medieval child monarchs
458:According to historian
367:, (1218–1272), married
263:. According to several
250:
1518:Duchesses of Brittany
407:Dans l’Ombre du Passé
359:Theobald I of Navarre
285:John, King of England
1320:Montfort of Brittany
1147:House of Plantagenet
1043:House of Cornouaille
726:Countess of Richmond
593:. The Boydell Press.
339:Alix and Peter had:
281:Richard I of England
279:. Upon the death of
277:Geoffrey Plantagenet
241:Countess of Richmond
1093:House of Penthièvre
682:Duchess of Brittany
473:Yolande of Brittany
443:Eleanor of Brittany
403:Gabrielle d’Étampes
369:Hugh XI of Lusignan
365:Yolande of Brittany
305:Philip II of France
237:Duchess of Brittany
98:Philip II of France
45:Duchess of Brittany
710:Peerage of England
373:Count of Angoulême
355:Blanche of Navarre
293:Château de Falaise
289:Battle of Mirebeau
245:peerage of England
37:Chartres Cathedral
1528:Dukes of Brittany
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1422:
1421:
1380:
1379:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1294:
1286:
1258:
1257:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1171:
1170:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1121:
1087:
1086:
1076:
1038:
1037:
1027:
969:
968:
915:
914:
886:Viking occupation
881:
880:
752:
751:
743:Succeeded by
699:Succeeded by
554:, p. xxviii.
387:Jeanne des Roches
383:Amaury I de Craon
265:French historians
226:
225:
128:(aged 20–21)
1535:
1433:
1432:
1391:
1390:
1325:
1324:
1301:
1298:John of Montfort
1292:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1221:
1220:
1197:
1182:
1181:
1177:House of Thouars
1152:
1151:
1128:
1119:
1098:
1097:
1074:
1047:
1046:
1025:
980:
979:
926:
925:
895:
890:
889:
805:
800:
799:
778:
771:
764:
755:
754:
716:Preceded by
672:Preceded by
659:House of Thouars
650:
649:
631:
622:
612:
603:
594:
585:
567:
566:, Genealogie n2.
561:
555:
549:
540:
534:
525:
519:
513:
507:
501:
495:
475:
469:
463:
456:
450:
439:
433:
430:
353:–1286), married
352:
349:
172:
170:
140:Villeneuve Abbey
136:24 November 1225
127:
31:
19:
18:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1457:
1449:Louis de France
1443:Louis de France
1418:
1386:House of Valois
1376:
1310:
1291:
1254:
1206:
1167:
1137:
1083:
1034:
975:House of Rennes
965:
921:House of Nantes
911:
877:
791:
782:
748:
731:
729:
721:
704:
687:
685:
677:
662:
655:
641:
635:
576:
571:
570:
562:
558:
550:
543:
535:
528:
520:
516:
508:
504:
496:
489:
484:
479:
478:
470:
466:
457:
453:
440:
436:
431:
427:
422:
416:
401:(1867–1868) by
395:
377:Count of Marche
350:
337:
253:
229:Alix of Thouars
187:
174:
171: 1213)
166:
162:
159:
146:
137:
125:
124:21 October 1221
113:
96:
39:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1541:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1430:
1428:Courtesy title
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1295:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1218:
1216:House of Dreux
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1195:
1188:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1132:Guy of Thouars
1126:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
986:
984:
977:
971:
970:
967:
966:
964:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
932:
930:
923:
917:
916:
913:
912:
910:
909:
906:
903:
899:
897:
887:
883:
882:
879:
878:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
818:Saint Judicael
815:
809:
807:
797:
796:Early monarchs
793:
792:
781:
780:
773:
766:
758:
750:
749:
744:
741:
722:
717:
713:
712:
706:
705:
700:
697:
678:
673:
669:
668:
667:Regnal titles
664:
663:
656:
653:
648:
647:
640:
637:
633:
632:
623:
614:
604:
595:
586:
575:
572:
569:
568:
556:
541:
526:
524:, p. 148.
514:
512:, p. 239.
502:
500:, p. 169.
486:
485:
483:
480:
477:
476:
464:
451:
434:
424:
423:
421:
418:
394:
391:
390:
389:
379:
362:
336:
333:
309:Peter of Dreux
261:Guy of Thouars
252:
249:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
211:Guy of Thouars
208:
204:
203:
198:
192:
191:
182:
176:
175:
164:
160:
155:
154:
152:
148:
147:
138:
134:
130:
129:
122:
118:
117:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:
93:Guy of Thouars
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
41:
40:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1540:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:
985:
981:
978:
976:
972:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
933:
931:
927:
924:
922:
918:
907:
904:
901:
900:
898:
891:
888:
884:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
801:
798:
794:
790:
786:
779:
774:
772:
767:
765:
760:
759:
756:
747:
740:
737:
736:
728:
727:
720:
714:
711:
707:
703:
696:
693:
692:
684:
683:
676:
670:
665:
661:
660:
651:
646:
643:
642:
636:
629:
624:
620:
615:
610:
605:
601:
596:
592:
587:
583:
578:
577:
565:
560:
553:
548:
546:
539:, p. 28.
538:
533:
531:
523:
518:
511:
506:
499:
494:
492:
487:
474:
468:
461:
455:
448:
444:
438:
429:
425:
417:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:
360:
356:
345:
342:
341:
340:
332:
330:
329:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
306:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
205:
202:
199:
197:
193:
190:
186:
183:
181:
177:
158:
153:
149:
145:
141:
135:
131:
123:
119:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
42:
38:
30:
25:
20:
1436:1547–present
1300:(1341–1345)
1293:disputed by
1191:
823:Alain II Hir
738:
732:
724:
694:
688:
680:
657:
634:
627:
618:
608:
599:
590:
581:
559:
552:Richard 1983
537:Painter 2020
517:
510:Baldwin 1986
505:
467:
454:
437:
428:
415:
411:Léa Chaillou
406:
398:
396:
338:
326:
320:
313:
301:
297:Corfe Castle
254:
232:
228:
227:
126:(1221-10-21)
1483:1221 deaths
1478:1200 births
1451:(1707–1712)
1445:(1704–1705)
1415:(1536–1547)
1409:(1524–1536)
1407:Francis III
1403:(1514–1524)
1373:(1488–1514)
1367:(1458–1488)
1361:(1457–1458)
1355:(1450–1457)
1349:(1442–1450)
1343:(1399–1442)
1337:(1365–1399)
1307:(1345–1365)
1290:(1341–1364)
1281:(1341–1364)
1251:(1312–1341)
1245:(1305–1312)
1239:(1286–1305)
1233:(1221–1286)
1203:(1213–1221)
1194:(1203–1221)
1164:(1196–1203)
1134:(1199–1201)
1125:(1181–1186)
1123:Geoffrey II
1116:(1166–1201)
1110:(1156–1166)
1080:(1148–1156)
1071:(1148–1156)
1065:(1112–1148)
1059:(1072–1112)
1031:(1066–1072)
1022:(1066–1072)
1016:(1040–1066)
1010:(1008–1034)
1004:(1008–1040)
739:(1213–1221)
695:(1213-1221)
564:Morvan 2009
351: 1217
235:) ruled as
100:(1206–1213)
95:(1203–1206)
59:Predecessor
1472:Categories
1365:Francis II
1359:Arthur III
998:(992–1008)
996:Geoffrey I
960:Alan (III)
873:Gourmaëlon
522:Smith 1995
482:References
409:(2020) by
1394:1514–1547
1347:Francis I
1328:1365–1514
1272:1341–1365
1243:Arthur II
1224:1221–1341
1185:1203–1221
1155:1196–1203
1114:Constance
1101:1156–1196
1063:Conan III
1050:1072–1156
992:(990–992)
962:(988–990)
956:(981–988)
950:(960–981)
944:(952–958)
938:(938–952)
905:Rognvaldr
853:Pascweten
730:1203–1221
686:1203–1221
441:Although
287:. At the
69:Successor
1353:Peter II
1249:John III
1162:Arthur I
1108:Conan IV
1014:Conan II
1002:Alan III
983:958–1072
863:Judicael
833:Wihomarc
789:Brittany
785:Monarchs
719:Arthur I
675:Arthur I
639:See also
335:Children
328:de facto
115:Brittany
79:Co-ruler
63:Arthur I
1335:John IV
1305:John IV
1288:Charles
1237:John II
1201:Peter I
1057:Alan IV
1029:Hoël II
990:Conan I
954:Guerech
936:Alan II
929:938–958
896:907–938
858:Gurvand
848:Salomon
843:Erispoe
838:Nominoe
806:578–907
574:Sources
243:in the
201:Thouars
173:
165:
161:
83:Peter I
1401:Claude
1341:John V
1231:John I
1078:Odo II
1069:Bertha
1020:Hawise
948:Hoël I
902:Hroflr
868:Alan I
828:Morman
813:Waroch
746:John I
702:John I
323:John I
217:Mother
207:Father
151:Spouse
144:Nantes
133:Burial
89:Regent
73:John I
1413:Henry
1129:later
1008:Odo I
942:Drogo
908:Incon
735:Peter
733:with
691:Peter
689:with
420:Notes
196:House
180:Issue
167:(
163:
51:Reign
1371:Anne
1285:with
1279:Joan
1198:with
1192:Alix
1120:with
1075:with
1026:with
447:John
385:and
375:and
259:and
251:Life
233:Alis
121:Died
112:1200
109:Born
22:Alix
1302:and
787:of
35:in
1474::
894:c.
804:c.
613:28
544:^
529:^
490:^
371:,
348:c.
299:.
247:.
169:m.
142:,
777:e
770:t
763:v
361:.
346:(
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