Bombing of Berlin in World War II

663: 675: 1013: 691:, of which 81 dropped their bombs in and around Berlin, and while the damage was slight, the psychological effect on Hitler was greater. The bombing raids on Berlin prompted Hitler to order the shift of the Luftwaffe's target from British airfields and air defenses to British cities. In the following two weeks there were a further five raids of a similar size, all nominally precision raids at specific targets, but with the difficulties of navigating at night the bombs that were dropped were widely dispersed. During 1940 there were more raids on Berlin, all of which did little damage. The raids grew more frequent in 1941, but were ineffective in hitting important targets. The head of the Air Staff of the RAF, 880: 1216: 167: 188: 973:, RAF Bomber Command left Berlin alone for most of 1944. Nevertheless, regular nuisance raids by both the RAF and USAAF continued. In 1945, the Eighth Air Force launched a number of very large daytime raids on Berlin, the last of them being on 18 March (there were bombing raids to Falkensee and Spandau, near Berlin, on 28 March), the 15th Air Force launched its only bombing mission to Berlin on 24 March, and for 36 nights in succession scores of RAF Mosquitos bombed the German capital, ending on the night of 20/21 April 1945 just before the Soviets entered the city. 208: 47: 232: 139: 111: 125: 1167:

the war. From the city centre, buildings were completely destroyed or gutted for about 20 blocks in all directions. Among the shelled structures some residents and normal activity quickly resumed in the city post-war. Estimates of the total number of dead in Berlin from air raids range from 20,000 to 50,000; current German studies suggest that a figure in the lower part of this range is more likely. This compares to death tolls of between 25,000 and 35,000 in the single attack on

296: 1252:("refugees from the East") were officially denied permission to remain in Berlin for longer than two days and were housed in camps near the city before being moved on westwards; it is estimated less than 50,000 managed to remain in Berlin. By January 1945 the population was around 2.9 million, although the demands of the German military were such that only 100,000 of these were males aged 18–30. Another 100,000 or so were forced labor, mainly French 244: 1068:

large thoroughfares, and parks that the fire could not jump over. Due to the exhaustion of German supplies the German anti-aircraft defense was under-equipped and weak so that out of the 1,600 US aircraft committed, only 36 were shot down and their crews taken as prisoners-of-war. First Air Division commander Lt. Col. Rosenthal was among those shot down and survived, but was rescued by the Soviet armed forces and eventually returned to England.

1311: 153: 808: 729:, who believed in both the efficacy and necessity of area bombing. Harris said: "The Nazis entered this war under the rather childish delusion that they were going to bomb everyone else, and nobody was going to bomb them. At Rotterdam, London, Warsaw, and half a hundred other places, they put their rather naïve theory into operation. They sowed the wind, and now they are going to reap the whirlwind." 1244:

by parents, and many evacuees soon made their way back to the city (as was also the case in London in 1940–41). The increasing shortage of manpower as the war dragged on meant that female labour was essential to keep Berlin's war industries going, so the evacuation of all women with children was not possible. At the end of 1944 the city's population began to grow again as refugees fleeing the

1131: 646:", the large-scale bombing of German cities to destroy housing and civilian infrastructure. Although killing German civilians was never an explicit policy, it was obvious that area bombing would cause large-scale civilian casualties. With the technology available at the time, the precision bombing of military targets was possible only by daylight. It was difficult even then: 704: 1162:"the Western Allies had dropped 65,000 tons of explosives on the city in the course of more than two years; whereas the Red Army had expended 40,000 tons in merely two weeks". Later, statisticians calculated that for every inhabitant of Berlin there were nearly 30 cubic meters (39 cubic yards) of rubble. 1067:

The bombing was so dense that it caused a city fire spreading eastwards, driven by the wind, over the south of Friedrichstadt and the northwest of neighboured Luisenstadt. The fire lasted for four days until it had burnt everything combustible in its range to ashes and after it had reached waterways,

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The British had a policy of using aerial bombing only against military targets and/or infrastructure such as ports and railways of direct military importance. It was acknowledged that the aerial bombing of Germany would cause civilian casualties, but the British government was initially reluctanct to

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Berlin, the main target, was attacked by 425 Lancasters, 18 Mosquitos, 15 Halifaxes. The Germans correctly identified that Berlin was the target. Unexpected cross winds had scattered the bomber formations and so German fighters found the bombers easier targets. 37 Lancasters, 2 Halifaxes, 1 Mosquito

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The Nazi regime was well aware of the political necessity of protecting the Reich capital against devastation from the air. Even before the war, work had begun on an extensive system of public air raid shelters, but by 1939 only 15% of the planned 2,000 shelters had been built. By 1941, however, the

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Up to the end of March 1945 there had been a total of 314 air raids on Berlin, with 85 of those coming in the last twelve months. Half of all houses were damaged and around a third uninhabitable, as much as 16 km of the city was simply rubble. About a third of Berlin's area was badly damaged by

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alone were lost in operations against Berlin; and in January and February, another 14 crews were killed. Having 25 aircraft destroyed meant that the fighting force of the squadron had to be replaced in three months. At these rates "Bomber Command would have been wiped out before Berlin." It has been

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on the Japanese home islands had done for shaking Japanese complacency in April 1942—were a severe embarrassment for the German leadership. April 20, 1943 was Hitler's 54th birthday. Bomber Command decided that they had to mark the occasion with a raid on Berlin, and it was decided that the Mosquito

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In 1943, the Germans decided to evacuate non-essential people from Berlin. By 1944 1.2 million people, 790,000 of them women and children, about a quarter of the city's population, had been evacuated to rural areas. An effort was made to evacuate all children from Berlin, but this was resisted

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The Battle of Berlin was launched by Harris in November 1943, a concerted air campaign against the German capital, although other cities continued to be attacked to prevent the Germans concentrating their defences in Berlin. Harris believed this could be the blow that would break German resistance.

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Before 1941, Berlin, at 950 kilometres (590 miles) from London, was at the extreme range attainable by the British bombers then available to the Allied forces. It could be bombed only at night in summer when the days were longer and skies clear—which increased the risk to Allied bombers. The first

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that had bolstered the confidence of U.S. strategic bombing crews. Until that time, Allied bombers avoided contact with the Luftwaffe; now, the Americans used any method that would force the Luftwaffe into combat. Implementing this policy, the United States looked toward Berlin. Raiding the German

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Berlin was the main target. 515 Lancasters and 15 Mosquitos (530 aircraft) despatched to Berlin. The RAF records state that the bombing appeared to have been spread well up- and down-wind. The diversionary raids were only partially successful in diverting German night fighters. 33 Lancasters were

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These raids caused immense devastation and loss of life in Berlin. The November 22, 1943 raid killed 2,000 Berliners and rendered 175,000 homeless. The following night, 1,000 were killed and 100,000 made homeless. During December and January regular raids killed hundreds of people each night and

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island to Berlin with 3–12 aircraft in each raid, fifty in total reaching Berlin. Heavy Army bombers, operating from near Leningrad, executed one raid to Berlin on 11 August, with only few machines reaching the target. In total in 1941, Soviet aircraft dropped 36,000 kilograms (79,000 pounds) of

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Berlin was the main target. 432 Lancasters, 241 Halifaxes, 4 Mosquitos (677 aircraft) despatched to Berlin. Western and Southern districts, covered by partial cloud, were hit in what the RAF records state was the most concentrated attack of this period. German records do not fully support this

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Berlin was the main target. 495 Lancasters, 264 Halifaxes, 10 Mosquitos (769 aircraft) despatched to Berlin. Night fighter attacks were pressed home successfully; 22 Halifaxes and 13 Lancasters were lost, 4.6% of the force. The damage could not be assessed due to low cloud cover the next day.

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On December 17, extensive damage was done to the Berlin railway system. By this time cumulative effect of the bombing campaign had made more than a quarter of Berlin's total living accommodation unusable. There was another major raid on January 28–29, 1944, when Berlin's western and southern

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in 1941 and particularly in 1945, as Soviet forces closed on the city. British bombers dropped 45,517 tons of bombs, while American aircraft dropped 22,090.3 tons. As the bombings continued, more and more people fled the city. By May 1945, 1.7 million people (40% of the population) had fled.

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At the tail end of the Battle of Berlin the RAF made one last large raid on the city on the night of 24–25 March, losing 8.9% of the attacking force, but due to the failure of the Battle of Berlin, and the switch to the tactical bombing of France during the summer months in support of the

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The 16 raids on Berlin cost Bomber Command more than 500 aircraft, with their crews killed or captured. This was a loss rate of 5.8%, which was above the 5% threshold that was considered the maximum sustainable operational loss rate by the RAF. In December 1943, for example, 11 crews from

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aided by four Mosquitos. The city was under cloud and the damage was not severe. The second major raid was on the night of November 22–23, 1943. This was the most effective raid by the RAF on Berlin. The raid caused extensive damage to the residential areas west of the centre,

1137: 1135: 1132: 1123:, the infamous head justice of the People's Court. The death toll amounted to 2,894, fewer than might have been expected because the raid took place in daytime with relatively few incendiary bombs. The number of wounded amounted to 20,000, and 120,000 were left homeless or " 1136: 2263:

mentioning that were 77 places outside the city were hit. Deception raids and routing over Northern Denmark did not prevent the German air defences from reacting. 46 aircraft, 6.8 per cent of the force. Just over 100 other aircraft attacked a number of other targets.

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were held up for 6 days. The National Theatre and the building housing Germany's military and political archives were both destroyed. The cumulative effect of the bombing campaign had now made more than a quarter of Berlin's total living accommodation unusable. Two

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issued a request to the major belligerents to confine their air raids to military targets. The French and the British agreed to abide by the request "upon the understanding that these same rules of warfare will be scrupulously observed by all of their opponents".

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Berlin was the main target. It was attacked by 483 Lancasters and 15 Mosquitos. German night fighters were successfully directed to intercept the bombers. The damage to the Berlin railway system was extensive. 1,000 wagon-loads of war material destined for the

3249:, Martin Düspohl (ed.) on behalf of the Kunstamt Kreuzberg/Kreuzberg-Museum für Stadtentwicklung und Sozialgeschichte in co-operation with the Verein zur Erforschung und Darstellung der Geschichte Kreuzbergs e.V., Berlin: Kunstamt Kreuzberg, 1995, pp. 12seq; 2116:

was damaged, the first time these hunter killers had been on a successful Serrate patrol. 25 Lancasters, 5.2% of the Lancaster force, were lost over enemy occupied territory, with a further 29 aircraft lost on landing in England due to very low cloud.

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Berlin was the main target. 421 Lancasters dispatched to Berlin. German night fighters were effective and 6.7% of the bombers were shot down. A small raid on Hamburg by 15 Mosquitos and smaller raids on other towns did not divert the night fighters.

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169 aircraft sent to Berlin with other raids at same time. 20 aircraft (12.5%) lost Only around 30% of aircraft reached main target, and cloud cover resulted in blind bombing. The high losses led to pause in Bomber Command main bombing campaign

725:, launched a large raid on Berlin, sending over 160 bombers to the capital. 21 were shot down or crashed, and again little damage was done due to bad weather. This failure led to the dismissal of Peirse and his replacement (in February 1942) by 662: 1228:

five huge public shelters (Zoo, Anhalt Station, Humboldthain, Friedrichshain and Kleistpark) were complete, offering shelter to 65,000 people. Other shelters were built under or near government buildings, the best-known being the so-called

766:"It will cost us between 400 and 500 aircraft," he said. "It will cost Germany the war." By this time he could deploy over 800 long-range bombers on any given night, equipped with new and more sophisticated navigational devices such as 619:, including oil plants and other civilian industrial targets that aided the German war effort, such as blast furnaces that at night were self-illuminating. The first RAF raid on the interior of Germany took place on 19 March 1940 at 2131:

Berlin was attacked by 364 Lancasters, 8 Mosquitos and 7 Halifaxes. German fighters encountered difficulty with the weather and were able to shoot down only 16 Lancasters, 4.2% of the force. Damage to Berlin was relatively small.

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Berlin was the main target. 362 Lancasters, 12 Mosquitos, 9 Halifaxes (383 aircraft). The night fighters did not catch up to the bombers until they were over Berlin and managed to shoot down 27 Lancasters, 10% of the force.

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Raid against Berlin by 623 bombers. 37 US bombers were lost and 18 fighters were also lost. The Luftwaffe lost 42 fighters, with 3 killed, 26 missing and 9 wounded (includes the Me 410 and Bf 110 multiple manned aircraft)

1989:(Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche) are now a monument in Berlin. Several other buildings of note were either damaged or destroyed, including the British, French, Italian and Japanese embassies, Charlottenburg Castle and 1898:

613 heavy bombers (331 Lancasters, 176 Halifaxes, 106 Stirling) and 9 Mosquitos. 47 aircraft (7.6%) lost. The evacuation of "all children and all adults not engaged in war work" was ordered by the Berlin authorities.

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and similar aircraft for low-level attacks from 28 March onwards. By this time Berlin's civil defences and infrastructure were close to collapsing but civilian morale held. After the capture of Berlin, Soviet General

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6 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet (3 reached Berlin). In total 57 naval and 27 army DB-3/DB-3F aircraft performed ten raids from 7 August to 5 September, of these 50 reached Berlin, dropping some 30 tons of bombs.

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largely acknowledged that the Battle of Berlin was a failure; for the RAF, British official historians have stated that "in an operational sense the Battle of Berlin was more than a failure, it was a defeat".

744:. During the whole of 1942 there were only nine air alerts in Berlin, none of them serious. Only in 1943 did Harris have both the means and the opportunity to put his belief in area bombing into practice. 2146:

Berlin was the main target. 457 Lancasters, 252 Halifaxes and 3 Mosquitos (712 aircraft), RAF losses were light, at 2.8% of the force. Heavy cloud cover frustrated the RAF and damage was light.

1052:, were severely damaged. The bombs used in this raid consisted mostly of high explosive ordnance and not incendiary munitions. The area that suffered the greatest damage did not include railway 989:, thinking the Sixth Panzer Army would use the Tempelhof railyards for the move. This was one of the few occasions on which the USAAF undertook a mass attack on a city centre. Lt-General 981:

1,500 bombers of the Eighth Air Force, protected by some 1,000 fighters attacked the Berlin railway system on the forenoon (British: morning) of 3 February 1945 in the belief that the

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area, with the centre and southwestern districts sustaining most of the damage. This was the largest raid by the RAF on Berlin. A diversionary raid by 24 Lancasters of No. 8 Group on

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Berlin main target. 561 Lancasters, 314 Halifaxes, 16 Mosquitos (891 aircraft), despatched to Berlin. Despite cloud cover most important war industries were hit, including the large

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failed to confuse the Germans. RAF lost 43 aircraft – 26 Lancasters, 17 Halifaxes, which was 4.8 per cent of the force. A further 155 sorties were flown against other targets.

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Another raid on 26 February 1945 left another 80,000 people homeless. Raids continued until April, when the Red Army was outside the city. In the last days of the war the

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was the right aircraft for the job. Accordingly, No. 105 Squadron was dispatched to the German capital, successfully reaching the city with the loss of only one aircraft.

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Donald A. Bertke, Don Kindell, Gordon Smith, "World War II sea war: France falls, Britain stand alone: Day-to-Day Naval Actions April 1940 through September 1940", p.205

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area, with the centre and south-western districts sustaining most of the damage. This was the largest raid by the RAF on Berlin. Raids continued until March 1944.

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Target: Berlin. Attempted raids had been halted by bad weather on 3 March. A maximum effort raid by 730 (504 B-17s and 226 B-24s) bombers and 644 fighters of the

639:, was the first Allied bomber to raid Berlin. On the night of 7 June 1940, it dropped eight bombs of 250 kg and eighty of 10 kg on the German capital. 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6016: 2277:

Berlin was the main target. 440 Lancasters, 82 Halifaxes, 12 Mosquitos (534 aircraft), despatched to Berlin. RAF losses were 33 aircraft, 6.2% of the total.

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on Berlin on 8 August 1941 that extended into early September. Medium Navy bombers, accompanied from 12 August by Army bombers, conducted ten raids from

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was scattered and those that reached Berlin bombed well out to the south-west of the city. The RAF lost 72 aircraft, 8.9% of the attacking force.

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was destroyed. Several other buildings of note were either damaged or destroyed, including the British, French, Italian and Japanese embassies,

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districts were hit in the most concentrated attack of this period. On February 15–16, important war industries were hit, including the large

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Berlin, the main target, was attacked by 443 Lancasters and 7 Mosquitos. Most of the damage in Berlin was in the semi-industrial suburb of

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8 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet and 4 DB-3F (Il-4) from Long Range Aviation, operating from Saaremaa island (3 reached Berlin, 4 lost).

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deliberately bomb civilian property outside combat zones as a military tactic. The policy was abandoned on 15 May 1940, two days after the

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9 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet, operating from Kuressaare airfield on Saaremaa island (9 reached Berlin, dropping 5.4 tons of bombs).

6069: 5302: 3910: 537: 3380:"A Forgotten Holocaust: US Bombing Strategy, the Destruction of Japanese Cities & the American Way of War from World War II to Iraq" 1913:

316 Lancasters dispatched with four Mosquitos carrying out diversionary laying of flares to distract defences. 22 aircraft (6.9%) lost.

1001:. Eisenhower and Spaatz made it clear that the attack on Berlin was of great political importance in that it was designed to assist the 5201: 5056: 4861: 4101: 736:, which became available in large numbers during 1942. During most of 1942, however, Bomber Command's priority was attacking Germany's 4581: 5866: 5781: 2507: 695:, justified these raids by saying that to "get four million people out of bed and into the shelters" was worth the losses involved. 5061: 4032: 896:

rendered between 20,000 and 80,000 homeless each time. Overall nearly 4,000 were killed, 10,000 injured and 450,000 made homeless.

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at Spandau. Several factories employed in the manufacture of material for the armed forces and 26 aircraft (3.4%) were also lost.

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lost, which was 6.4 per cent of the heavy force. A further 167 sorties were flown against other targets, with one aircraft lost.

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Between 1939 and 1942, the policy of bombing only targets of direct military significance was gradually abandoned in favour of "

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led to far lower losses but was of necessity indiscriminate, because navigation and bomb aiming were more difficult at night.

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launched the first of several attacks against Berlin. Fierce battles raged and resulted in heavy losses for both sides; 69

4946: 1318: 5861: 5841: 5600: 5566: 5156: 5116: 4966: 4771: 4725: 4025: 3021: 2076:(8.7% of the force). Due to the cross winds the bombing was inaccurate and to the south of the city, but two more of the 993:, commander of the USAAF Eighth Air Force, objected to this tactic, but he was overruled by the USAAF commander, General 2061:. Stuttgart was a diversion, attacked by 84 aircraft. The total sorties for the night was 666. 34 aircraft (5.1%) lost. 791:

were known to be giving big speeches that were to be broadcast live by radio. At precisely 11.00 am, Mosquitoes of

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were lost on 6 March but the Luftwaffe lost 160 aircraft. The Allies replaced their losses; the Luftwaffe could not.

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bombs on Berlin. Combat and operational losses for the Soviets tallied 17 aircraft destroyed and 70 crewmen killed.

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The first raid of the battle occurred on November 18–19, 1943. Berlin was the main target, and was attacked by 440

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in Berlin, extensively damaged during the RAF bombing raid of 22–23 November 1943 and preserved as a monument.

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Bombing the European Axis Powers. A Historical Digest of the Combined Bomber Offensive 1939–1945: Part V 1945

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by 395 other aircraft. Mosquitos attacked several other towns. In all 884 sorties. 32 aircraft (3.6%) lost.

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1,329 bombers and 733 fighters are dispatched to hit railway stations and tanks plants in the Berlin area.

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from Long Range Aviation, operating from Saaremaa island (17 reached Berlin, dropping 10.5 tons of bombs).

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were also lost. The Bomber loss rate stood at 10.2 percent. The Luftwaffe lost 64 fighters, including 16

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stations were converted into shelters. The rest of the population had to make do with their own cellars.

962: 2445: 1215: 949: 929:", which would be of key importance in acquiring the know-how and experience necessary to carry out the 5671: 5554: 4515: 4224: 1927:

The first operation of the RAF Battle of Berlin campaign. Berlin, the main target, was attacked by 440

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One of the heaviest attacks on Berlin for the entire war. Around 1,000 B-17s struck the city center.

1565: 1179:. Both the Hamburg and Dresden raids combined having a lower casualty total than the 9/10 March 1945 922: 4017: 5375: 4487: 2015:

Berlin, the main target, was attacked by 365 Lancasters, 10 Halifaxes, 8 Mosquitos (383 aircraft).

1803: 5236: 5066: 3047: 1286:, Humboldthain and Friedrichshain. The Flak guns were increasingly manned by the teenagers of the 683:

RAF raid on Berlin took place on the night of 25 August 1940; 95 aircraft were dispatched to bomb

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Rosenthal, mission Command Pilot, listed on John P. Ernst MACR (#12046) & Casualty Report

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Small raids on Berlin, Solingen, Koblenz and Krefeld by 20 Mosquitos. No aircraft were lost.

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At the same time, new bombers with longer ranges were coming into service, particularly the

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6 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet, operating from Saaremaa island (2-3 reached Berlin).

1517: 1053: 829: 770:. Between November 1943 and March 1944, Bomber Command made 16 massed attacks on Berlin. 5106: 5001: 4961: 4921: 4534: 5989: 5856: 5801: 5761: 5709: 5323: 4700: 4522: 4337: 4296: 4256: 4216: 4147: 3676: 3053: 1765: 1719: 1708:

2 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet, operating from Saaremaa island (1 reached Berlin).

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A film shot by the US Air Force in July 1945, showing the destruction in central Berlin

970: 914: 812: 722: 562: 511: 491: 367: 313: 199: 5582: 5031: 4720: 1201: sq mi) causing the loss of at least 100,000 lives in the Japanese capital. 5946: 5871: 5811: 5806: 5730: 5704: 5612: 5523: 5438: 5403: 5136: 4631: 4596: 4466: 4362: 4332: 3975: 3849: 3830: 3815: 3788: 3769: 3739: 3662: 3643: 3625: 3502: 3445: 3334: 3310: 3250: 2839: 2762: 2717: 2685: 2549: 2105: 1656:

bombers from Long Range Aviation, operating from Saaremaa island (2 reached Berlin).

1233: 1096: 1092: 944:(Sunday, 20–Friday, 25 February 1944) heavy bomber offensive began shortly after the 799:

repeated the trick for Goebbels. These were great propaganda raids which—much as the

684: 582: 495: 284: 260: 237: 212: 5246: 5226: 5166: 5126: 5016: 4745: 3948: 784: 5941: 5846: 5826: 5508: 5498: 5433: 5272: 5151: 5101: 5021: 4866: 4806: 4626: 4576: 4471: 4456: 4415: 4390: 4374: 4347: 4327: 4291: 4251: 3083:, The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, Air Force history and museums program, 3027: 2314: 1832: 1671: 1647: 1627: 1583: 1561: 1551: 1439: 1298:, and the Flak defences were increasingly overwhelmed by the scale of the attacks. 1184: 1155: 1116: 1108: 1057: 945: 934: 759: 595: 574: 570: 558: 403: 248: 91: 5036: 4826: 4710: 3754:

War Planes of the First World War:Volume Eight Bombers and Reconnaissance Aircraft

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Obrona powietrzna III Rzeszy. Cz.3. Działania nocne wrzesień 1939 – czerwiec 1943

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factories, a ball-bearing factory and several railway installations were damaged.

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raids by Bomber Command led to unacceptably high casualties and aircraft losses.

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Leaping the Atlantic Wall Army Air Forces Campaigns in Western Europe, 1942–1945

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of the war. Most of the damage was to the residential areas west of the centre,

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arrived over Berlin exactly on time to disrupt Göring's speech. Later that day,

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set out, with 70 turning back before reaching target. 57 aircraft (7.8%) lost.

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reasoned, would force the Luftwaffe into battle. Consequently, on 3 March, the

833: 800: 733: 718: 223: 116: 4911: 1091:) as well as government and Nazi Party buildings were also hit, including the 6127: 5528: 5503: 5453: 5448: 5428: 4395: 4369: 4096: 3691: 3352:"1940s Berlin Germany After Nazi Occupation Post WW2 Time Travel Documentary" 2373: 2058: 1837: 1653: 1633: 1593: 1589: 1254: 1237: 1150: 1146: 888: 737: 651: 323: 218: 130: 4766: 1978: 1071:

A number of monuments, such as French Luisenstadt Church, St. James Church,

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251 bombers, 17 lost, dropped 610 tons of bombs, 711 killed on the ground.

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U-boat production at Hamburg, Bremen and Berlin attacked with 257 aircraft

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said, referring to the Red Army's artillery and rocket bombardment, that:

5651: 5483: 4678: 4400: 4322: 4060: 1366: 994: 937:, a Jewish architect of structures in Berlin who fled the Nazis in 1933. 930: 844:. Because of the dry weather conditions, several firestorms ignited. The 437: 432: 428: 2761:(in Polish). Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza Alma-Press. pp. 28, 42–43. 1965:, 11 Mosquitos. Total 764 aircraft. This was the most effective raid on 1032:-equipped pathfinder B-17G Fortress s/n 44-8379 — commanding the entire 5478: 5423: 3812:

Deterrence before Hiroshima: the airpower background of modern strategy

3698:. Vol. III Europe:Argument to VE-Day. University of Chicago Press. 2077: 1990: 1383: 1272:), which provided enormously tough platforms for both searchlights and 1265: 853: 647: 2682:

Torpedo aircraft of Great patriotic war. They were called "deathbound"

2029:

Berlin, in a small raid, was attacked by 6 Mosquitos, 1 Mosquito lost

950:

a major change in fighter defense of USAAF strategic bomber formations

678:

A work party clears rubble from an air raid on Berlin, 13 October 1940

5493: 5413: 4601: 4591: 4075: 4047: 3416:"Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary Campaign Diary 1941" 3037:, by the Standard Oil Development Company. Retrieved 8 December 2014. 1994: 1295: 1124: 1041: 887:

B-17 "Miss Donna Mae II" is damaged by a mis-timed bomb release over

857: 767: 254: 2508:"Bombardment of air base Hörnum, 19-20 March 1940 - TracesOfWar.com" 1588:

3 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet, operating from Kuressaare and 9

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in 1940 and between 1944 and 1945 as part of the Allied campaign of

3268:"100th Bomb Group Foundation – Personnel – LT COL Robert ROSENTHAL" 3215:"100th Bomb Group Foundation – Personnel – LT COL Robert ROSENTHAL" 1936: 1521: 1379: 1245: 941: 710: 624: 4004:

Military Series. Vol. II: Endeavour. H. M. Stationery Office.

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as older men were drafted to the front. By 1945 the girls of the

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The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe 1940–1945

3785:

Nineteen Weeks: America, Britain and the Fateful Summer of 1940

3105: 2998: 1966: 1386:, approaching Berlin from the north (first bombing of Berlin). 816: 550: 158: 76: 3827:

The Hardest Victory:RAF Bomber Command in the Second World War

1264:("eastern workers"). The key to the Flak area were three huge 1045: 954: 3848:(3rd. revised ed.), Berlin: Verlag Willmuth Arenhövel, 3164:"Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Forces: February 1945" 1282:) for civilians. These towers were at the Berlin Zoo in the 2678:

Torpedonoscy Velikoi otechestvennoi. Ih zvali "smertnikami"

2218:

17 Mosquitos launched small raids on Magdeburg and Berlin.

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Addison p. 102, gives the political background to the raid

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For the Soviet assault and capture of Berlin in 1945, see

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Appeal against aerial bombardment of civilian populations

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areas were turned into seas of ruins. Among the dead was

1029: 667: 3096: 3094: 2941: 2939: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2710:"Letayushchiye kreposti" Stalina. Bombardirovshchik Pe-8 1993:, as well as the Ministry of Weapons and Munitions, the 1806:, over 100 civilians killed in a house at Pariser Platz 3515: 3247:

3. Februar 1945: Die Zerstörung Kreuzbergs aus der Luft

3026:, books.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2014; see 2813: 3998:

The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany: 1939–1945

3134: 1248:'s advance in the east began to pour into Berlin. The 976: 948:

commander, Maj. Gen. Jimmy Doolittle, had implemented

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island (5 reached Berlin, dropping 3 tons of bombs).

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was moving through Berlin by train on its way to the

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Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II

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east of Berlin, and was essential for Allied unity.

997:, who was supported by the Allied commander General 925:, of typical German working class housing estates, " 666:

People in London look at a map illustrating how the

3492: 2780: 2778: 3967: 3049:Video: Blast Berlin By Daylight, 1944/03/20 (1944) 1048:, the central area) and some other areas, such as 6139:World War II strategic bombing by populated place 4048:RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War 3241: 3239: 2543: 6125: 3988: 3659:The Luftwaffe over Germany: Defense of the Reich 3004: 2844:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 2775: 2675: 2427:Taylor, Chapter "Thunderclap and Yalta" Page 216 2112:patrolled the route for German nightfighters. A 891:, Berlin in May 1944. All 11 airmen were killed. 623:. On the night of 10–11 May 1940 the RAF bombed 107: 3931:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 3915:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 3899:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 3883:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 3867:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 3712:, Alabama: Air University Press, archived from 3473:Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 2190:A diversionary raid by 13 Mosquitos on Berlin. 121: 3974:(Paperback ed.). London, UK: Bloomsbury. 3656: 3236: 2707: 2613: 2611: 2609: 1568:, of these 3 TB-7 and 2 Yer-2 reached Berlin. 933:on Berlin. It was done with the assistance of 615:was given permission to attack targets in the 135: 4550: 4033: 819:, damaged in the night of 22–23 November 1943 531: 3619: 3501:] (in Russian). Яуза. pp. 87, 102. 3399: 3200: 3198: 2736:Kamenir, Victor, "Soviet Navy Over Berlin", 2444:. 9 August 1945. p. 154. Archived from 1997:Administrative College, the barracks of the 1957:Berlin the main target. 469 Lancasters, 234 860:Administrative College, the barracks of the 3944:Royal Air Force World War II Battle Honours 3439: 3245:Smit, Erik/Evthalia Staikos/Dirk Thormann, 3186: 2827:, archived from the original on 6 July 2007 2623: 2606: 1187:, devastating some 40.9 square kilometres ( 908: 4557: 4543: 4498:Air operations during the Battle of Europe 4040: 4026: 3689: 3681:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3657:Caldwell, Donald; Muller, Richard (2007). 2788:(London, John Wiley and Sons 1995), p. 78. 2716:] (in Russian). Яуза. pp. 53–56. 2684:] (in Russian). Яуза. pp. 63–65. 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2398:Over 1,000 USAAF bombers attacked Berlin. 1632:13 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet and 9 1378:converted long-range transport. Flew from 581:. It was also attacked by aircraft of the 557:, was subject to 363 air raids during the 538: 524: 45: 6144:World War II strategic bombing of Germany 5782:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 3539:Bomber Command Campaign Diary August 1943 3396:This section is based on Rürup, chapter 1 3286: 3195: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2714:Stalin's "Flying fortresses". Pe-8 bomber 2596: 2594: 2484:Taylor, Chapter "Call Me Meier", Page 105 856:, as were the Ministry of Munitions, the 3824: 3760: 3730: 3620:Addison, Paul; Crang, Jeremy A. (2006), 2989:Wartime Magazine: "The Battle of Berlin" 2647:Taylor, Chapter "Call Me Meier", p. 114. 1592:from Long Range Aviation operating from 1214: 1129: 1011: 878: 806: 673: 661: 149: 18:Allied bombing of Berlin in World War II 5892: 3925: 3801: 3607:Caldwell & Muller 2007, pp. 173–74. 3598:Caldwell & Muller 2007, pp. 172–73. 3571:. 6 April 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2009. 3444:(in Polish). AJ-Press. pp. 15–17. 3140: 3100: 3074: 2883:. 6 April 2005. Retrieved 17 June 2009. 2801:(Verlag Willmuth Arenhövel 1995), p. 11 2703: 2701: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2518: 1596:on Saaremaa island (8 reached Berlin). 1020:In the raid, led by Lieutenant-Colonel 747: 740:as part of Britain's effort to win the 670:is striking back at Germany during 1940 14: 6126: 4008: 3962: 3947:, RAF, 12 January 2004, archived from 3806:, vol. 6, Oxford University Press 3637: 3377: 3087:from the original on 19 September 2017 2756: 2743: 2591: 773:A prelude to the 1943 raids came from 4566:Strategic bombing during World War II 4538: 4493:United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) 4021: 3885:, RAF, 24 August 2004, archived from 3869:. RAF. 24 August 2004. Archived from 3843: 3751: 3702: 3333:, MBI Publishing/Amber Books (2001); 2983: 2981: 2821:"Bomber Command War Diary April 1943" 1343:Bombing of Berlin during World War II 1149:also bombed Berlin, as well as using 1083:, St. Simeon Church, and the Marcher 39:Strategic bombing during World War II 5659: 4488:Aerial defence of the United Kingdom 3782: 3433: 3301: 2698: 2650: 1305: 1204: 6101: 4153:Combined Bomber Offensive (1943–44) 3933:. RAF. 6 April 2005. Archived from 3917:. RAF. 6 April 2005. Archived from 3901:, RAF, 6 April 2005, archived from 3696:The Army Air Forces in World War II 3589:Caldwell & Muller 2007, p. 168. 3495:Il-4. "Vozdushnye kreysera" Stalina 3486: 3442:Sowieckie lotnictwo morskie 1941-45 2995:website. Retrieved 8 December 2014. 1232:underground in the backyard of the 977:The largest American raid on Berlin 24: 4509:Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command 3420:webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk 3068: 2978: 25: 6165: 3970:Dresden: Tuesday 13 February 1945 3558:RAF Campaign Diary September 1943 3309:. New York: Picador. p. 88. 3161: 3116:"Army Air Forces in World War II" 1274:128 mm FlaK 40 anti-aircraft guns 1258:, "foreign workers", and Russian 399:Bombing of Berlin in World War II 32:Bombing of Berlin in World War II 4138:Area bombing of cities (1942–43) 4011:Le 'Jules Verne', avion corsaire 3499:Il-4. Stalin's "Flying cruisers" 3331:Berlin 1945: The Final Reckoning 2870:RAF Campaign Diary November 1943 2471:President Franklin D. Roosevelt 1469:130 bombers. For the first time 1418:Bombed Christuskirche church in 1309: 921:company built a set of replicas 294: 242: 230: 206: 186: 165: 151: 137: 123: 109: 4066:RAF strategic bombing 1942–1945 4002:History of the Second World War 3601: 3592: 3583: 3574: 3551: 3533: 3408: 3390: 3371: 3362: 3344: 3323: 3295: 3260: 3207: 3155: 3146: 3040: 3010: 2969: 2960: 2951: 2825:Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 2804: 2791: 2730: 2641: 2632: 2582: 2573: 1036:'s bomber force on this raid — 754:Battle of Berlin (RAF campaign) 657: 573:between 1943 and 1945, and the 394:Deportation of Jews from Berlin 3911:"Campaign Diary February 1944" 3909: 3893: 3879:"Campaign Diary December 1943" 3877: 3863:"Campaign Diary November 1943" 3861: 3768:. London, UK: Michael Joseph. 2975:Grayling, p. 332, footnote 58. 2945: 2931: 2903: 2759:301 Dywizjon Bombowy 1940–1943 2562: 2500: 2487: 2478: 2465: 2452: 2430: 2421: 1987:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church 1016:Bombing of Berlin in July 1944 846:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church 687:near the centre of Berlin and 609:German air attack on Rotterdam 53:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church 13: 1: 4071:Area Bombing Directive (1942) 3990:Webster, Sir Charles Kingsley 3895:"Campaign Diary January 1944" 3787:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 3613: 3274:. 100th Bomb Group Foundation 3221:. 100th Bomb Group Foundation 3118:. 31 May 2012. Archived from 2740:, August 2013, pp. 60–65, 74. 963:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses 567:United States Army Air Forces 3846:Berlin 1945: A Documentation 3493:Vladimir Koielnikov (2009). 3005:Webster & Frankland 1961 2946:Campaign Diary February 1944 2904:Campaign Diary December 1943 2799:Berlin 1945: A Documentation 2333:North American P-51 Mustangs 2331:69 US bombers were lost. 11 1774:Armstrong Whitworth Whitleys 1236:building. In addition, many 1056:, which were more northern ( 868:and several arms factories. 598:began in 1939, US President 579:strategic bombing of Germany 361:Assassination of Talat Pasha 7: 4081:Casablanca directive (1943) 3927:"Campaign Diary March 1944" 3814:, Transaction Publishers; 3810:Quester, George H. (1986). 3661:. London: Greenhill Books. 3378:Selden, Mark (2 May 2007). 3204:Beevor, p. 74. claims 3,000 3075:Russell, Edward T. (1999), 2932:Campaign Diary January 1944 1892:31 August–1 September 1943 1684:31 August–1 September 1941 1348: 1301: 1171:, and the 42,000 killed at 1169:Dresden on 14 February 1945 698:The Soviet Union started a 565:between 1940 and 1945, the 478:Federal Republic of Germany 67:7 June 1940 – 21 April 1945 10: 6170: 4158:Battle of Berlin (1943–44) 4102:Frederick "Prof" Lindemann 3738:, London, UK: Bloomsbury, 3703:Davis, Richard B. (2006), 3521:Richards 1994, pp. 268–69. 2588:Hastings 1981, pp. 111–15. 2544:Marek J. Murawski (1999). 1764:197 bombers (a mixture of 1351: 1208: 757: 751: 589: 304:Margraviate of Brandenburg 6092: 6057: 6026: 6015: 5976: 5955: 5934: 5913: 5739: 5718: 5687: 5650: 5575: 5539: 5394: 5363: 5342: 5316: 5260: 5084: 4759: 4699: 4692: 4661: 4640: 4619: 4610: 4572: 4480: 4429: 4383: 4310: 4244: 4201: 4148:Battle of the Ruhr (1943) 4125: 4089: 4053: 3844:Rürup, Reinhard (2003) , 3640:Berlin: The Downfall 1945 3563:29 September 2004 at the 3101:Campaign Diary March 1944 3020:in Chapter 3 of his work 2676:Miroslav Morozov (2011). 2497:(Bloomsbury 2006), p. 24. 2317:. Resulted in 37 losses. 971:Allied invasion of France 727:Sir Arthur Travers Harris 178: 101: 59: 44: 36: 31: 4582:Aerial bombing of cities 4472:Light Night Strike Force 3825:Richards, Denis (1994). 3756:. London, UK: Macdonald. 2415: 2372:Berlin main target. The 983:German Sixth Panzer Army 909:March 1944 to April 1945 88:Heavy damage to the city 3829:. London, UK: Coronet. 3802:McInnis, Edgar (1946), 3752:Green, William (1967). 3638:Beevor, Antony (2002). 2993:Australian War Memorial 2708:Mikhail Maslov (2009). 2548:(in Polish). AJ-Press. 2043:3 Mosquitos to Berlin. 1026:100th Bombardment Group 561:. It was bombed by the 468:Fall of the Berlin Wall 389:Welthauptstadt Germania 6154:Berlin in World War II 4587:Area bombing directive 4112:Sir Archibald Sinclair 4097:Arthur "Bomber" Harris 4076:Dehousing paper (1942) 4013:, Paris: France-Empire 4009:Yonnet, Henri (1957), 3580:Hess 1994, pp. 80–84. 3548:Richards 1994, p. 270. 3530:Richards 1994, p. 269. 3307:Inside Hitler's Bunker 2757:Hodyra, Piotr (2016). 2579:Hastings 1981, p. 114. 2110:Serrate radar detector 1959:Handley Page Halifaxes 1933:de Havilland Mosquitos 1782:Handley Page Halifaxes 1292:League of German Girls 1224: 1181:Operation Meetinghouse 1142: 1103:headquarters, and the 1017: 892: 820: 783:. That same day, both 775:De Havilland Mosquitos 742:Battle of the Atlantic 679: 671: 90:Soviet victory in the 4257:Boston (Douglas DB-7) 4143:U-boat pens (1943–44) 4133:Oil targets (1940-45) 3783:Moss, Norman (2004). 3736:Among the Dead Cities 3469:"Campaign Diary 1941" 2738:WWII History Magazine 2495:Among the Dead Cities 2297:Frankfurt-on-the-Oder 1770:Handley Page Hampdens 1276:as well as shelters ( 1218: 1140: 1087:(today's entrance of 1085:Protestant Consistory 1015: 902:No. 460 Squadron RAAF 882: 850:Charlottenburg Palace 810: 677: 665: 637:French Naval Aviation 600:Franklin D. Roosevelt 449:Berlin Crisis of 1961 334:Free State of Prussia 4952:Ludwigshafen / Oppau 4684:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent 4503:Defence of the Reich 3873:on 12 November 2007. 3440:Robert Bock (1996). 3174:on 29 September 2013 2957:Grayling, pp. 309–10 2875:11 June 2007 at the 2285:15–16 February 1944 2140:29–30 December 1943 2125:23–24 December 1943 2102:Bristol Beaufighters 2088:16–17 December 1943 2051:26–27 November 1943 2037:25–26 November 1943 2023:24–25 November 1943 2009:23–24 November 1943 1951:22–23 November 1943 1921:18–19 November 1943 1560:heavy bombers and 3 1323:adding missing items 1211:Defence of the Reich 1183:single firebombing 1089:Jewish Museum Berlin 1081:St. Michael's Church 999:Dwight D. Eisenhower 748:The Battle of Berlin 717:On 7 November 1941, 462:Tear down this wall! 455:Ich bin ein Berliner 6027:Mandatory Palestine 4406:Intruder operations 4220:("Dambusters" raid) 3358:. 17 December 2023. 3033:28 May 2020 at the 2512:www.tracesofwar.com 2475:, 1 September 1939. 2462:(2014), pp 301, 304 2448:on 10 January 2015. 2271:30–31 January 1944 2256:28–29 January 1944 2241:27–28 January 1944 2226:20–21 January 1944 2212:14–15 January 1944 2198:10–11 January 1944 2104:and 2 Mosquitos of 1907:3–4 September 1943 1766:Vickers Wellingtons 1758:7/8 September 1941 1744:4–5 September 1941 1700:2–3 September 1941 1518:Kuressaare airfield 1345: 1177:single raid in 1943 631:, a variant of the 512:Timeline of Berlin 5303:Rotterdam (Allied) 4523:Target for Tonight 4107:Sir Charles Portal 4061:Butt Report (1941) 3951:on 31 October 2006 3889:on 2 November 2008 3405:Green 1968, p. 19. 3054:Universal Newsreel 2069:2–3 December 1943 1862:23–24 August 1943 1814:7–8 November 1941 1664:20–21 August 1941 1644:18–19 August 1941 1620:15-16 August 1941 1576:11–12 August 1941 1548:10–11 August 1941 1430:10 September 1940 1394:25–26 August 1940 1341: 1321:; you can help by 1225: 1143: 1077:Luisenstadt Church 1073:Jerusalem's Church 1034:First Air Division 1018: 893: 821: 813:Reformation Church 723:RAF Bomber Command 719:Sir Richard Peirse 693:Sir Charles Portal 680: 672: 563:RAF Bomber Command 492:History of Germany 368:Greater Berlin Act 314:Kingdom of Prussia 200:RAF Bomber Command 6121: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6088: 6087: 6017:Mediterranean and 6011: 6010: 5909: 5908: 5646: 5645: 5419:Barrow-in-Furness 5404:Battle of Britain 5080: 5079: 4857:Freiburg (Allies) 4597:Strategic bombing 4532: 4531: 4467:No. 100 Group RAF 4212:(Friedrichshafen) 3964:Taylor, Frederick 3820:978-0-88738-087-7 3794:978-0-618-49220-6 3745:978-0-7475-7671-6 3668:978-1-85367-712-0 3642:. Penguin Books. 3508:978-5-699-38276-7 2768:978-83-7020-664-2 2723:978-5-699-36247-9 2691:978-5-699-46226-1 2438:"Target Analysis" 2413: 2412: 2392:26 February 1945 2366:24–25 March 1944 2184:5–6 January 1944 2169:2–3 January 1944 2154:1–2 January 1944 1804:Potsdamer Bahnhof 1796:8 September 1941 1731:4 September 1941 1716:3 September 1941 1612:82 tons of bombs 1516:, operating from 1485:17–18 April 1941 1471:Polish Air Forces 1447:12/13 March 1941 1410:7 September 1940 1339: 1338: 1234:Reich Chancellery 1205:Berlin's defences 1138: 1097:Party Chancellery 1093:Reich Chancellery 685:Tempelhof Airport 553:, the capital of 548: 547: 496:History of Europe 268: 267: 261:1st Flak Division 238:Soviet Air Forces 213:US Army Air Force 97: 96: 51:The ruins of the 16:(Redirected from 6161: 6099: 6098: 6024: 6023: 5921:Allied Singapore 5890: 5889: 5657: 5656: 5615:(Czechoslovakia) 5298:Rotterdam (Axis) 4697: 4696: 4617: 4616: 4612:European theatre 4577:Area bombardment 4559: 4552: 4545: 4536: 4535: 4457:No. 6 Group RCAF 4391:Area bombardment 4375:Target indicator 4348:Blockbuster bomb 4163:Transport (1944) 4042: 4035: 4028: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4005: 3994:Frankland, Noble 3985: 3973: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3938: 3922: 3906: 3890: 3874: 3858: 3840: 3807: 3798: 3779: 3757: 3748: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3718: 3711: 3699: 3690:Craven, Wesley; 3686: 3680: 3672: 3653: 3634: 3608: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3590: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3540: 3537: 3531: 3528: 3522: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3375: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3348: 3342: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3299: 3293: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3264: 3258: 3243: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3226: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3193: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3170:. Archived from 3159: 3153: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3112: 3103: 3098: 3089: 3088: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3044: 3038: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2985: 2976: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2934: 2929: 2906: 2901: 2884: 2867: 2850: 2849: 2843: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2797:Reinhard Rürup, 2795: 2789: 2782: 2773: 2772: 2754: 2741: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2673: 2648: 2645: 2639: 2636: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2604: 2598: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2571: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2541: 2516: 2515: 2504: 2498: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2469: 2463: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2381:3 February 1945 2365: 2350: 2343:heavy fighters. 2324: 2315:Eighth Air Force 2306: 2284: 2270: 2255: 2240: 2225: 2211: 2197: 2183: 2168: 2153: 2139: 2124: 2087: 2068: 2050: 2036: 2022: 2008: 1950: 1920: 1906: 1891: 1861: 1847: 1833:Soviet Air Force 1828: 1813: 1795: 1786:Avro Manchesters 1743: 1730: 1715: 1699: 1683: 1672:Soviet Air Force 1663: 1648:Soviet Air Force 1643: 1628:Soviet Air Force 1619: 1603: 1584:Soviet Air Force 1575: 1552:Soviet Air Force 1547: 1532:8–9 August 1941 1531: 1500:7–8 August 1941 1499: 1484: 1475:No. 300 Squadron 1460: 1440:Brandenburg Gate 1429: 1409: 1393: 1373:Farman N.C.223.4 1362: 1346: 1340: 1334: 1331: 1313: 1312: 1306: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1156:Nikolai Bersarin 1139: 1117:Friedrichstrasse 1109:Unter den Linden 1060:) and southern ( 1022:Robert Rosenthal 1003:Soviet offensive 946:Eighth Air Force 935:Erich Mendelsohn 797:No. 139 Squadron 793:No. 105 Squadron 760:Battle of Berlin 708: 700:bombing campaign 596:Second World War 575:French Air Force 571:Eighth Air Force 559:Second World War 540: 533: 526: 484: 483: 421: 404:Battle of Berlin 381: 348: 338: 328: 318: 308: 298: 288: 270: 269: 249:French Air Force 247: 246: 245: 236: 234: 233: 211: 210: 209: 192: 190: 189: 171: 169: 168: 161: 157: 155: 154: 147: 143: 141: 140: 133: 129: 127: 126: 119: 115: 113: 112: 92:Battle of Berlin 61: 60: 49: 29: 28: 21: 6169: 6168: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6124: 6123: 6122: 6113: 6084: 6053: 6018: 6007: 5972: 5951: 5930: 5905: 5888: 5735: 5714: 5683: 5642: 5571: 5535: 5396: 5390: 5359: 5338: 5312: 5256: 5202:Reggio Calabria 5076: 5057:Wiener Neustadt 4862:Friedrichshafen 4852:Freiburg (Axis) 4755: 4702: 4688: 4657: 4636: 4606: 4568: 4563: 4533: 4528: 4476: 4462:No. 8 Group RAF 4452:No. 5 Group RAF 4447:No. 4 Group RAF 4442:No. 3 Group RAF 4437:No. 1 Group RAF 4425: 4421:Shuttle bombing 4379: 4353:Earthquake bomb 4306: 4240: 4197: 4121: 4085: 4049: 4046: 3982: 3954: 3952: 3941: 3937:on 6 July 2007. 3921:on 6 July 2007. 3905:on 11 June 2007 3856: 3837: 3795: 3776: 3746: 3722: 3720: 3719:on 23 July 2011 3716: 3709: 3694:, eds. (1951). 3674: 3673: 3669: 3650: 3632: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3569:Royal Air Force 3565:Wayback Machine 3556: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3491: 3487: 3477: 3475: 3467: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3391: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3356:Upscale History 3350: 3349: 3345: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3277: 3275: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3244: 3237: 3224: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3177: 3175: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3114: 3113: 3106: 3099: 3092: 3073: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3035:Wayback Machine 3015: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2987:Daniel Oakman, 2986: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2937: 2930: 2909: 2902: 2887: 2881:Royal Air Force 2877:Wayback Machine 2868: 2853: 2837: 2836: 2830: 2828: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2810:Grayling, p. 62 2809: 2805: 2796: 2792: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2755: 2744: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2706: 2699: 2692: 2674: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2633: 2629:Quester p. 116. 2628: 2624: 2616: 2607: 2599: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2542: 2519: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2493:A.C. Grayling, 2492: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2470: 2466: 2458:Richard Overy, 2457: 2453: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2363: 2348: 2322: 2304: 2282: 2268: 2253: 2238: 2223: 2209: 2195: 2181: 2166: 2151: 2137: 2122: 2085: 2066: 2048: 2034: 2020: 2006: 1963:Short Stirlings 1948: 1929:Avro Lancasters 1918: 1904: 1889: 1859: 1845: 1829:26 August 1942 1826: 1811: 1793: 1778:Short Stirlings 1741: 1728: 1713: 1697: 1681: 1661: 1641: 1617: 1604:13 August 1941 1601: 1573: 1545: 1529: 1512:bombers of the 1497: 1482: 1458: 1427: 1407: 1391: 1360: 1352:Bomber command 1335: 1329: 1326: 1310: 1304: 1250:Ostvertriebenen 1213: 1207: 1197: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1130: 1121:Roland Freisler 991:James Doolittle 979: 923:in western Utah 911: 825:Avro Lancasters 780:Machtergreifung 763: 756: 750: 702: 660: 613:Royal Air Force 592: 544: 481: 480: 443:Berlin Blockade 419: 379: 346: 344:Weimar Republic 336: 326: 316: 306: 286: 279: 243: 241: 231: 229: 207: 205: 194:Royal Air Force 187: 185: 166: 164: 152: 150: 148: 138: 136: 134: 124: 122: 120: 110: 108: 89: 80: 50: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6167: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6105: 6103: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6021: 6013: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6005: 5999: 5993: 5987: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5970: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5926:Axis Singapore 5923: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5896: 5894: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5743: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5722: 5720: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5680: 5679: 5677:Allied Rangoon 5674: 5667:Burma campaign 5663: 5661: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5634: 5628: 5622: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5552: 5543: 5541: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5411: 5409:Baedeker Blitz 5406: 5400: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5088: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4917:Kaiserslautern 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4707: 4705: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4623: 4621: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4562: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4539: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4519: 4516:Into the Storm 4512: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4350: 4345: 4343:"Monica" radar 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4238: 4230: 4222: 4214: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4006: 3986: 3980: 3960: 3939: 3923: 3907: 3891: 3875: 3859: 3854: 3841: 3835: 3822: 3808: 3799: 3793: 3780: 3774: 3766:Bomber Command 3758: 3749: 3744: 3732:Grayling, A.C. 3728: 3700: 3687: 3667: 3654: 3648: 3635: 3630: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3609: 3600: 3591: 3582: 3573: 3550: 3541: 3532: 3523: 3514: 3507: 3485: 3457: 3450: 3432: 3407: 3398: 3389: 3370: 3361: 3343: 3322: 3315: 3294: 3285: 3259: 3235: 3206: 3194: 3185: 3154: 3152:Taylor, p. 215 3145: 3143:, p. 115. 3133: 3122:on 31 May 2012 3104: 3090: 3067: 3039: 3009: 3007:, p. 193. 2997: 2977: 2968: 2959: 2950: 2935: 2907: 2885: 2851: 2812: 2803: 2790: 2774: 2767: 2742: 2729: 2722: 2697: 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4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4117:Arthur Tedder 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4043: 4038: 4036: 4031: 4029: 4024: 4023: 4020: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3981:0-7475-7084-1 3977: 3972: 3971: 3965: 3961: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3855:3-922912-33-8 3851: 3847: 3842: 3838: 3836:0-340-61720-9 3832: 3828: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3775:0-330-26236-X 3771: 3767: 3763: 3762:Hastings, Max 3759: 3755: 3750: 3747: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3715: 3708: 3707: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3670: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3651: 3649:0-670-88695-5 3645: 3641: 3636: 3633: 3631:1-84413-928-X 3627: 3623: 3618: 3617: 3604: 3595: 3586: 3577: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3554: 3545: 3536: 3527: 3518: 3510: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3489: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3462: 3453: 3451:83-86208-44-9 3447: 3443: 3436: 3421: 3417: 3411: 3402: 3393: 3385: 3381: 3374: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3340: 3339:0-7603-1240-0 3336: 3332: 3326: 3318: 3316:0-312-42392-6 3312: 3308: 3304: 3303:Fest, Joachim 3298: 3292:Davis, p. 511 3289: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3256: 3255:3-9804686-0-7 3252: 3248: 3242: 3240: 3232: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3201: 3199: 3189: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3149: 3142: 3137: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3095: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3043: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3019: 3013: 3006: 3001: 2994: 2990: 2984: 2982: 2972: 2963: 2954: 2947: 2942: 2940: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2905: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2847: 2841: 2826: 2822: 2816: 2807: 2800: 2794: 2787: 2784:Robin Cross, 2781: 2779: 2770: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2739: 2733: 2725: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2704: 2702: 2693: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2644: 2635: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2603: 2597: 2595: 2585: 2576: 2570: 2565: 2557: 2555:83-7237-016-8 2551: 2547: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2496: 2490: 2481: 2474: 2468: 2461: 2455: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2433: 2424: 2420: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2374:bomber stream 2371: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2356: 2353: 2351:8 March 1944 2347: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2325:6 March 1944 2321: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2309: 2307:4 March 1944 2303: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2106:No. 100 Group 2103: 2098: 2097:Eastern Front 2093: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2059:Reinickendorf 2056: 2053: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1848:2 March 1943 1844: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1819: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1578: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1402:95 aircraft. 1401: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1347: 1344: 1333: 1324: 1320: 1317:This list is 1315: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1256: 1255:Fremdarbeiter 1251: 1247: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1202: 1186: 1185:raid on Tokyo 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1157: 1152: 1151:Ilyushin Il-2 1148: 1147:Red Air Force 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1028:flying in an 1027: 1023: 1014: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 987:Eastern Front 984: 974: 972: 966: 964: 960: 956: 953:capital, the 951: 947: 943: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 913:In 1943, the 906: 903: 897: 890: 889:Museum Island 886: 881: 877: 875: 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 826: 818: 814: 809: 805: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 781: 776: 771: 769: 761: 755: 745: 743: 739: 735: 730: 728: 724: 720: 715: 712: 706: 701: 696: 694: 690: 686: 676: 669: 664: 655: 653: 652:Night bombing 649: 645: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 604: 601: 597: 587: 584: 583:Red Air Force 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 541: 536: 534: 529: 527: 522: 521: 519: 518: 513: 510: 509: 508: 507: 503: 502: 497: 493: 490: 489: 488: 487: 479: 476: 475: 469: 466: 463: 459: 456: 452: 450: 447: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 430: 427: 426: 425: 424: 418: 414: 411: 410: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 386: 385: 384: 378: 375: 374: 369: 366: 362: 359: 358: 357: 354: 353: 352: 351: 345: 342: 341: 335: 332: 331: 325: 324:German Empire 322: 321: 315: 312: 311: 305: 302: 301: 297: 293: 292: 289: 283: 282: 277: 272: 271: 262: 259: 258: 257: 256: 252: 250: 240: 239: 225: 222: 220: 219:8th Air Force 217: 216: 215: 214: 201: 198: 197: 196: 195: 183: 182: 177: 174: 163: 160: 146: 132: 131:United States 118: 106: 105: 100: 93: 87: 84: 83: 78: 74: 71: 70: 66: 63: 62: 58: 54: 48: 43: 40: 35: 30: 27: 19: 6149:Firebombings 6094:North Africa 5996:Kuala Lumpur 5977:Other cities 5963:Pearl Harbor 5619:Schaffhausen 5576:Other cities 5364:Soviet Union 4797:Braunschweig 4786: 4777:Aschersleben 4760:Other cities 4521: 4514: 4507: 4236:(Peenemünde) 4233: 4225: 4217: 4209: 4010: 3997: 3969: 3953:, retrieved 3949:the original 3943: 3935:the original 3930: 3919:the original 3914: 3903:the original 3898: 3887:the original 3882: 3871:the original 3866: 3845: 3826: 3811: 3803: 3784: 3765: 3753: 3735: 3723:13 September 3721:, retrieved 3714:the original 3705: 3695: 3658: 3639: 3621: 3603: 3594: 3585: 3576: 3568: 3553: 3544: 3535: 3526: 3517: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3476:. Retrieved 3472: 3441: 3435: 3423:. Retrieved 3419: 3410: 3401: 3392: 3383: 3373: 3368:Rürup, p. 13 3364: 3355: 3346: 3330: 3329:Bahm, Karl. 3325: 3306: 3297: 3288: 3276:. Retrieved 3271: 3262: 3246: 3230: 3223:. Retrieved 3218: 3209: 3188: 3176:. Retrieved 3172:the original 3167: 3157: 3148: 3141:McInnis 1946 3136: 3124:. Retrieved 3120:the original 3080: 3070: 3058:. Retrieved 3048: 3042: 3022: 3012: 3000: 2971: 2966:Rürup, p. 11 2962: 2953: 2880: 2829:, retrieved 2824: 2815: 2806: 2798: 2793: 2786:Fallen Eagle 2785: 2758: 2737: 2732: 2713: 2709: 2681: 2677: 2643: 2638:Grayling, 47 2634: 2625: 2584: 2575: 2564: 2545: 2511: 2502: 2494: 2489: 2480: 2467: 2459: 2454: 2446:the original 2441: 2432: 2423: 2293:Siemensstadt 1941:Ludwigshafen 1654:DB-3F (Il-4) 1634:DB-3F (Il-4) 1590:DB-3F (Il-4) 1514:Baltic Fleet 1375: 1342: 1327: 1288:Hitler Youth 1278: 1269: 1260: 1253: 1249: 1242: 1230:Führerbunker 1226: 1223:, April 1942 1165: 1144: 1070: 1066: 1019: 980: 967: 939: 931:firebombings 919:Standard Oil 912: 898: 894: 874:Siemensstadt 870: 822: 778: 772: 764: 738:U-boat ports 731: 716: 697: 689:Siemensstadt 681: 658:1940 to 1943 644:area bombing 641: 633:Farman F.220 628: 605: 593: 555:Nazi Germany 549: 417:East Germany 413:West Germany 398: 377:Nazi Germany 356:1920s Berlin 253: 228: 204: 184: 145:Soviet Union 102:Belligerents 26: 6058:Other areas 6019:Middle East 5992:(Sri Lanka) 5652:Pacific War 5524:Southampton 5439:Bournemouth 5261:Netherlands 5092:Alessandria 5032:Schweinfurt 5027:Saarbrücken 4872:Halberstadt 4832:Dietzenbach 4782:Baden-Baden 4416:Pathfinders 4401:Firebombing 3692:Cate, James 3624:, Pimlico, 3478:19 February 3425:19 February 3384:Japan Focus 3272:100thbg.com 3219:100thbg.com 3126:30 December 3060:20 February 3023:Dead Cities 1748:Soviet Navy 1704:Soviet Navy 1688:Soviet Navy 1668:Soviet Navy 1624:Soviet Navy 1580:Soviet Navy 1558:TB-7 (Pe-8) 1536:Soviet Navy 1520:(Kagul) on 1504:Soviet Navy 1473:took part ( 1376:Jules Verne 1367:French Navy 1330:August 2008 1266:Flak towers 1261:Ostarbeiter 995:Carl Spaatz 703: [ 629:Jules Verne 611:, when the 445:(1948–1949) 438:Berlin Wall 433:East Berlin 429:West Berlin 420:(1945–1990) 380:(1933–1945) 347:(1919–1933) 337:(1918–1947) 327:(1871–1918) 317:(1701–1918) 307:(1157–1806) 285:History of 6128:Categories 5998:(Malaysia) 5986:(Thailand) 5867:Utsunomiya 5627:(Bulgaria) 5595:Hammerfest 5540:Yugoslavia 5509:Nottingham 5499:Manchester 5434:Birmingham 5386:Stalingrad 5288:Middelburg 5007:Peenemünde 4987:Nordhausen 4937:Königsberg 4902:Hildesheim 4817:Crailsheim 4731:Düsseldorf 4363:Grand Slam 4311:Technology 4297:Wellington 4277:Manchester 4202:Operations 3955:31 October 3614:References 3278:5 December 3225:5 December 3077:"Big Week" 3018:Mike Davis 3016:Quoted by 2831:30 October 2364:1944-03-24 2349:1944-03-08 2323:1944-03-06 2305:1944-03-04 2283:1944-02-15 2269:1944-01-30 2254:1944-01-28 2239:1944-01-27 2224:1944-01-20 2210:1944-01-14 2196:1944-01-10 2182:1944-01-05 2167:1944-01-02 2152:1944-01-10 2138:1943-12-28 2123:1943-12-23 2086:1943-12-16 2067:1943-12-02 2049:1943-11-26 2035:1943-11-25 2021:1943-11-24 2007:1943-11-23 1991:Berlin Zoo 1979:Schöneberg 1971:Tiergarten 1949:1943-11-22 1919:1943-11-18 1870:Lancasters 1384:Baltic Sea 1319:incomplete 1284:Tiergarten 1279:Hochbunker 1054:main lines 854:Berlin Zoo 838:Schöneberg 830:Tiergarten 721:, head of 648:day bomber 6109:Fort Lamy 6075:Gibraltar 5935:Australia 5914:Singapore 5884:Yokkaichi 5877:June 1944 5857:Toyohashi 5777:Hiratsuka 5772:Hamamatsu 5719:Indonesia 5700:Hong Kong 5695:Chongqing 5639:(Croatia) 5633:(Austria) 5603:(Finland) 5591:(Ireland) 5585:(Hungary) 5562:Podgorica 5546:Belgrade 5519:Sheffield 5489:Liverpool 5459:Clydebank 5414:The Blitz 5376:Leningrad 5350:Bucharest 5308:The Hague 5283:Enkhuizen 5273:Eindhoven 5268:Amsterdam 5107:Benevento 5042:Stuttgart 5012:Pforzheim 5002:Paderborn 4997:Osnabrück 4992:Nuremberg 4962:Magdeburg 4922:Karlsruhe 4907:Innsbruck 4897:Heilbronn 4847:Frankfurt 4822:Darmstadt 4751:Wuppertal 4701:Battle of 4602:V-weapons 4592:Firestorm 4323:H2S radar 4272:Lancaster 4226:Hurricane 4210:Bellicose 4193:The Hague 4183:Pforzheim 4173:Heilbronn 4126:Campaigns 4054:Overviews 3764:(1981) . 3677:cite book 3622:Firestorm 3178:28 August 3168:usaaf.net 1995:Waffen SS 1890:1943-8-31 1882:Mosquitos 1878:Stirlings 1874:Halifaxes 1860:1943-8-23 1846:1943-3-02 1840:bombers. 1827:1942-8-26 1812:1941-11-7 1794:1941-9-08 1742:1941-9-05 1729:1941-9-04 1714:1941-9-03 1698:1941-9-03 1682:1941-9-01 1662:1941-8-21 1642:1941-8-19 1618:1941-8-16 1602:1941-8-13 1574:1941-8-12 1546:1941-8-11 1483:1941-4-17 1459:1941-3-24 1428:1940-9-10 1408:1940-9-07 1392:1940-8-25 1296:Luftwaffe 1270:Flaktürme 1058:Stadtbahn 1042:Kreuzberg 915:U.S. Army 858:Waffen SS 768:H2S radar 594:When the 255:Luftwaffe 79:, Germany 6049:Tel Aviv 5968:Unalaska 5902:(Taiwan) 5893:Colonies 5862:Toyokawa 5842:Shizuoka 5731:Surabaya 5726:Sukabumi 5710:Shanghai 5672:Mandalay 5609:(Norway) 5601:Helsinki 5597:(Norway) 5583:Budapest 5567:Sarajevo 5514:Plymouth 5474:Greenock 5464:Coventry 5444:Brighton 5355:Ploiești 5293:Nijmegen 5278:Enschede 5157:Grosseto 5142:Frascati 5117:Cagliari 5072:Würzburg 4967:Mannheim 4892:Hannover 4812:Chemnitz 4772:Augsburg 4726:Duisburg 4721:Dortmund 4703:the Ruhr 4674:Le Havre 4481:See also 4287:Stirling 4282:Mosquito 4252:Blenheim 4245:Aircraft 4218:Chastise 3996:(1961). 3966:(2005). 3734:(2006), 3561:Archived 3341:, p. 47. 3305:(2004). 3085:archived 3031:Archived 2873:Archived 2840:citation 2617:Quester 1937:Mannheim 1905:1943-9-3 1530:1941-8-9 1522:Saaremaa 1498:1941-8-8 1438:Damaged 1420:Neukölln 1380:Bordeaux 1361:1940-6-7 1302:Timeline 1246:Red Army 1125:dehoused 1062:Ringbahn 942:Big Week 917:and the 789:Goebbels 711:Saaremaa 625:Dortmund 504:See also 464:" (1987) 457:" (1963) 276:a series 274:Part of 72:Location 37:Part of 6065:Bahrain 5990:Colombo 5984:Bangkok 5900:Taihoku 5822:Okazaki 5802:Nagaoka 5762:Fukuoka 5705:Nanjing 5529:Swansea 5504:Norwich 5454:Cardiff 5449:Bristol 5429:Belfast 5397:Kingdom 5343:Romania 5324:Frampol 5247:Viterbo 5242:Vicenza 5227:Trieste 5222:Treviso 5192:Pescara 5187:Palermo 5167:Messina 5162:Livorno 5132:Ferrara 5127:Catania 5122:Cassino 5112:Bologna 5022:Rostock 5017:Potsdam 4977:Münster 4942:Leipzig 4882:Hamburg 4867:Giessen 4837:Dresden 4807:Breslau 4792:Bocholt 4746:Krefeld 4716:Cologne 4693:Germany 4653:Tallinn 4641:Estonia 4620:Denmark 4384:Tactics 4358:Tallboy 4302:Whitley 4292:Ventura 4267:Hampden 4262:Halifax 4188:Dresden 4168:Hamburg 4090:Leaders 3804:The war 3162:Staff. 2078:Siemens 1983:Spandau 1802:Burned 1566:Pushkin 1196:⁄ 1173:Hamburg 1101:Gestapo 1024:of the 1005:on the 866:Spandau 842:Spandau 635:of the 590:Prelude 173:Germany 6070:Cyprus 6002:Manila 5947:Darwin 5942:Broome 5872:Yawata 5837:Sendai 5832:Rabaul 5817:Numazu 5807:Nagoya 5752:Aomori 5637:Zagreb 5631:Vienna 5613:Prague 5607:Namsos 5589:Dublin 5494:London 5469:Exeter 5395:United 5334:Wieluń 5329:Warsaw 5317:Poland 5237:Verona 5207:Rimini 5177:Naples 5137:Foggia 5097:Ancona 5037:Siegen 4982:Munich 4947:Lübeck 4927:Kassel 4827:Dessau 4802:Bremen 4787:Berlin 4767:Aachen 4711:Bochum 4662:France 4333:"Oboe" 4228:(1944) 4178:Kassel 3978: 3852: 3833: 3818: 3791: 3772: 3742: 3665: 3646: 3628: 3505: 3448: 3337: 3313: 3253: 3056:. 1944 2765: 2720: 2688: 2619:p. 115 2602:p. 295 2600:Moss, 2552: 2442:Flight 2406:USAAF 2395:USAAF 2384:USAAF 2354:USAAF 2341:Me 410 2337:Bf 110 2328:USAAF 2310:USAAF 2114:Bf 110 1967:Berlin 1931:and 4 1355:Notes 1238:U-Bahn 1107:. The 1099:, the 1095:, the 959:USSTAF 817:Moabit 785:Göring 627:. 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Bombing of Berlin in World War II

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