887:
338:
2248:
948:
864:
1794:
717:
1214:. Unrestrained occupants, particularly those riding in the patient-care compartment, are particularly vulnerable. When compared to civilian vehicles of similar size, one study found that on a per-accident basis, ambulance collisions tend to involve more people, and result in more injuries. An 11-year retrospective study concluded in 2001 found that although most fatal ambulance crashes in the United States occurred during emergency runs, they typically occurred on improved, straight, dry roads, during clear weather. Furthermore, paramedics are also at risk in ambulances while helping patients, as 27 paramedics died during ambulance trips in the US between 1991 and 2006.
313:
780:
2065:
818:
925:
1153:, which offers an alternative to KKK-A-1822F. The Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services (CAAS) has published its Ground Vehicle Standard for Ambulances v2.0, effective July 2019. This standard is similar to the KKK-A-1822F and NFPA 1917–2019 specifications. The decision on which of the current (3) standards to require is left up to each individual state legislature or EMS director. Some states have no specific requirement, while others specify which standard is acceptable. Others, yet, allow the end user to decide which standard to comply to.
992:
758:
150:
1810:
1894:– Some services employ staff with no medical qualification (or just basic first aid training) whose job is to simply drive the vehicle. In some emergency ambulance contexts this term is a pejorative towards personnel with higher medical training, as it implies they perform no function other than driving, although it may be acceptable for patient transport or community operations. Ambulance drivers may also have training in using the radio and knowing where medical supplies are stored in the ambulance.
1436:
906:
736:
2008:– Physician Assistants are found predominately in English-speaking countries and may also be known as physician associates in some countries. PA's mirror the practice of a physician and are capable of providing the range of medical skills a physician provides. They generally work in collaboration with a physician, although in an ambulance environment this may not be possible. Instead, advanced directives or electronic communication is available to PA's to consult with physicians when required.
1223:
1753:
1094:, depending on the preference of the operator and the availability of different options. Colder regions often use gasoline-powered engines, as diesels can be difficult to start when they are cold. Warmer regions may favor diesel engines, as they are more efficient and more durable. Diesel power is sometimes chosen due to safety concerns, after a series of fires involving gasoline-powered ambulances during the 1980s. These fires were ultimately attributed in part to gasoline's higher
1673:, which are usually brighter than incandescent lights. Each of these can be programmed to flash singly or in groups, and can be programmed to flash in patterns (such as a left -> right pattern for use when the ambulance is parked on the left hand side of the road, indicating to other road users that they should move to the right (away from the ambulance)). Incandescent and LED lights may also be programmed to burn steadily, without flashing, which is required in some provinces.
1427:
131:
1541:
1456:
802:
370:
513:– A typical general-purpose ambulance is based on either the chassis of a van ("vanbulance") or a light-duty truck. This chassis is then modified to the designs and specifications of the purchaser. Vans may either retain their original body and be upfitted inside, or may be based on a chassis without the original body with a modular box body fitted instead. Those based on pickup trucks almost always have modular bodies. Those vehicles intended for especially
842:
1749:, which can alert people and vehicles to the presence of an ambulance before they can be seen. The first audible warnings were mechanical bells, mounted to either the front or roof of the ambulance. Most modern ambulances are now fitted with electronic sirens, producing a range of different noises which ambulance operators can use to attract more attention to themselves, particularly when proceeding through an intersection or in heavy traffic.
2034:
2128:
2046:
32:
5169:
1646:
1235:
1447:
1418:
1114:
972:
1692:. Additional white lights may be placed strategically around the vehicle to illuminate the area around it when it is dark, almost always at the rear for loading and unloading stretchers and often at the sides as well. In areas very far North or South where there are times of year with long periods of darkness, additional driving lights at the front are often fitted as well to increase visibility for the driver.
5181:
704:– Fire services (especially in North America) often train firefighters to respond to medical emergencies and most apparatuses carry at least basic medical supplies. By design, most apparatuses cannot transport patients unless they can sit in the cab. However, some fire trucks may be designed to have a large ambulance compartment behind the front of the cab, where the driver and officer's seats are located.
5517:
1178:
1916:– Members of a frontline ambulance that drive the vehicles under both emergency and non-emergency conditions to incidents. Their role is to assist the clinician that they are working with, either a Technician or Paramedic, in their duties, whether that be drawing up drugs, setting up fluids (but not attaching), doing basic observations or performing 12 lead ECG assessments.
1294:– Some ambulances are now being fitted with video cameras used to record activity either inside or outside the vehicle. They may also be fitted with sound recording facilities. This can be used as a form of protection from violence against ambulance crews, or in some cases (dependent on local laws) to prove or disprove cases where a member of the crew stands accused of
1285:(or MDTs), which are connected wirelessly to a central computer, usually at the control center. These terminals can function instead of or alongside the two-way radio and can be used to pass details of jobs to the crew, and can log the time the crew was mobile to a patient, arrived, and left the scene, or fulfill any other computer-based function.
1842:– Transport by ambulance is paid for by the patient themselves, or through their insurance company. This may be at the point of care (i.e. payment or guarantee must be made before treatment or transport), although this may be an issue with critically injured patients, unable to provide such details, or via a system of billing later on.
1400:('give way'), or be permitted to break the speed limit. Generally, the priority of the response to the call will be assigned by the dispatcher, but the priority of the return will be decided by the ambulance crew based on the severity of the patient's illness or injury. Patients in significant danger to life and limb (as determined by
1785:
national emergency broadcast systems, but short-range units on emergency vehicles can prove an effective means of alerting traffic to their presence. It is, however, unlikely that this system could replace audible warnings, as it is unable to alert pedestrians, those not using a compatible radio or even have it turned off.
435:– A special type of patient transport ambulance is provided by a charity for the purpose of taking sick children or adults on trips or vacations away from hospitals, hospices, or care homes where they are in long-term care. Examples include the United Kingdom's "Jumbulance" project. These are usually based on a bus.
1696:
are common places to mount emergency lights. A certain balance must be made when deciding on the number and location of lights: too few and the ambulance may not be noticed easily, too many and it becomes a massive distraction for other road users more than it is already, increasing the risk of local accidents.
2263:
provider. Alternately, it may be adapted into a storage and transport vehicle for crime scene identification equipment, a command post at community events, or support vehicle, such as a logistics unit. Others are refurbished and resold, or may just have their emergency equipment removed to be sold to
1568:
society. Use by any other person, organization or agency is in breach of international law. The protective symbols are designed to indicate to all people (especially combatants in the case of war) that the vehicle is neutral and is not to be fired upon, hence giving protection to the medics and their
1160:
chassis-cab with a custom rear compartment that is often referred to as a "box" or "module", primarily used for
Advanced Life Support (ALS) or Mobile Intensive Care Unit (MICU), as well as rescue work. Type II is based on a commercial heavy-duty van with few modifications except for a raised roof and
1129:
Many regions have prescribed standards which ambulances should, or must, meet in order to be used for their role. These standards may have different levels which reflect the type of patient which the ambulance is expected to transport (for instance specifying a different standard for routine patient
1863:
There are differing levels of qualification that the ambulance crew may hold, from holding no formal qualification to having a fully qualified doctor on board. Most ambulance services require at least two crew members to be on every ambulance (one to drive, and one to attend the patient). It may be
2183:
tank. Its rear door enables the evacuation of critically wounded soldiers. Israel did not remove the
Merkava's weaponry, claiming that weapons were more effective protection than emblems since Palestinian militants would disregard any symbols of protection and fire at ambulances anyway. For use as
1784:
transmitter, set to RDS code 31, which interrupts the radio of all cars within range, in the manner of a traffic broadcast, but in such a way that the user of the receiving radio is unable to opt-out of the message (as with traffic broadcasts). This feature is built into every RDS radio for use in
1695:
In order to increase safety, it is best practice to have 360° coverage with the active warnings, improving the chance of the vehicle being seen from all sides. In some countries, such as the United States, this may be mandatory. The roof, front grille, sides and rear of the body, and front fenders
1653:
The active visual warnings are usually in the form of flashing lights. These flash in order to attract the attention of other road users as the ambulance approaches, or to provide warning to motorists approaching a stopped ambulance in a dangerous position on the road. Common colours for ambulance
1161:
a secondary air conditioning unit for the rear of the vehicle, primarily used for Basic Life
Support (BLS) and transfer of patients, though they are occasionally also used for ALS and rescue. Type III is a van chassis-cab with a custom-made rear compartment, used for ALS and rescue. Type IV is for
975:
979:
977:
973:
1376:) are also used, though they are subject to some of the same limitations as more traditional over-the-road ambulances. The level of care provided by these ambulances varies between merely providing transport to a medical clinic to providing on-scene and continuing care during transport.
1379:
The design of intermediate technology ambulances must take into account not only the operation and maintenance of the ambulance, but its construction as well. The robustness of the design becomes more important, as does the nature of the skills required to properly operate the vehicle.
978:
4681:
360:
to transport incurable patients by force. Ambulances were first used for emergency transport in 1487 by the
Spanish, and civilian variants were put into operation during the 1830s. Advances in technology throughout the 19th and 20th centuries led to modern self-powered ambulances.
1181:
1180:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1392:, as these emergencies create people who are likely to be in need of treatment. They are required to gain access to patients as quickly as possible, and in many countries, are given dispensation from obeying certain traffic laws. For instance, they may be able to treat a red
1888:(AED). First responders may be dispatched by the ambulance service, may be passers-by, or may be dispatched to the scene from other agencies, such as the police or fire departments. They may be on duty for another agency, or volunteers who are on-call during their free time.
1514:), chevrons (arrowheads – often pointed towards the front of the vehicle if on the side, or pointing vertically upwards on the rear) or stripes along the side (these were the first type of retro-reflective device introduced, as the original reflective material, invented by
1186:
259:) is counted as an ambulance. These vehicles are not usually (although there are exceptions) equipped with life-support equipment, and are usually crewed by staff with fewer qualifications than the crew of emergency ambulances. Conversely, EMS agencies may also have
1141:, which specifies minimum compliance levels across the build of ambulance, including crash resistance, equipment levels, and exterior marking. In the United States, standards for ambulance design have existed since 1976, where the standard is published by the
976:
620:– Usually used for emergency care, either in places inaccessible by road, or in areas where speed is of the essence, as they are able to travel significantly faster than a road ambulance. Helicopter and fixed-wing ambulances are discussed in greater detail at
1341:– Ambulances are often fitted with a separate air conditioning system to serve the working area from that which serves the cab. This helps to maintain an appropriate temperature for any patients being treated but may also feature additional features such as
1764:
The speakers for modern sirens can be integral to the lightbar, or they may be hidden in or flush to the grill to reduce noise inside the ambulance that may interfere with patient care and radio communications. Ambulances can additionally be fitted with
2214:
to lend medical assistance in high casualty situations such as wars or natural disasters. These hospital ships fulfill the criteria of an ambulance (transporting the sick or injured), although the capabilities of a hospital ship are more on par with a
2124:, on the assumption that they may have to use a weapon. The laws of war do allow non-combatant military personnel to carry individual weapons for protecting themselves and casualties. However, not all militaries exercise this right to their personnel.
886:
1198:, are required to operate in most weather conditions, including those during which civilian drivers often elect to stay off the road. Also, the ambulance crew's responsibilities to their patient often preclude their use of safety devices such as
384:
Ambulances can be grouped into types depending on whether or not they transport patients, and under what conditions. In some cases, ambulances may fulfill more than one function (such as combining emergency ambulance care with patient transport:
1183:
4685:
1253:– One of the most important pieces of equipment in modern emergency medical services as it allows for the issuing of jobs to the ambulance, and can allow the crew to pass information back to control or to the hospital (for example a priority
636:'), for patient transport over long distances (e.g. a re-patriation following an illness or injury in a foreign country), or transportation between distant hospitals. Helicopter and fixed-wing ambulances are discussed in greater detail at
2101:. In terms of equipment, military ambulances are barebones, often being nothing more than a box on wheels with racks to place manual stretchers, though for the operational conditions and level of care involved this is usually sufficient.
1351:– These are often placed in ambulances to record such information as speed, braking power and time, activation of active emergency warnings such as lights and sirens, as well as seat belt usage. These are often used in coordination with
1039:
to enable them to contact hospitals, either to notify the appropriate hospital of the ambulance's pending arrival, or, in cases where physicians do not form part of the ambulance's crew, to confer with a physician for medical oversight.
2681:
2120:; however, this does not always exempt medical personnel from coming under fire – accidental or deliberate. As a result, medics and other medical personnel attached to military ambulances are usually put through basic
2000:. ECPs are already qualified paramedics who have undergone further training, and are trained to prescribe medicines for longer-term care, such as antibiotics, as well as being trained in a range of additional diagnostic techniques.
570:– Used for response, but usually in pedestrian-only areas where large vehicles find access difficult. Like the motorcycle ambulance, a bicycle may be connected to a trailer for patient transport, most often in the developing world.
2020:, it is common for doctors to staff ambulances. On the other hand, this is rare in systems that rely heavily on paramedics or field nurses. In those cases, doctors may be present in specialist ambulance units – most notably the
280:" as meaning "to walk or move about" which is a reference to early medical care where patients were moved by lifting or wheeling. The word originally meant a moving hospital, which follows an army in its movements. Ambulances (
947:
3814:
Hofman, Jan J.; Dzimadzi, Chris; Lungu, Kingsley; Ratsma, Esther Y.; Hussein, Julia (16 June 2008). "Motorcycle ambulances for referral of obstetric emergencies in rural Malawi: Do they reduce delay and what do they cost?".
3686:
1684:) by drilling a hole in the host light's reflector and inserting the emergency light. These hidden lights may not be apparent until they are activated. Additionally, some of the standard lights fitted to an ambulance (e.g.
1003:
Ambulance design must take into account local conditions and infrastructure. Maintained roads are necessary for road-going ambulances to arrive on scene and then transport the patient to a hospital, though in rugged areas
3455:
1368:. Ambulances can also be trailers, which are pulled by bicycles, motorcycles, tractors, or animals. Animal-powered ambulances can be particularly useful in regions that are subject to flooding. Motorcycles fitted with
5065:
1165:
patient transfer using smaller utility vehicles selected for maneuverability in special environments such as dense crowds at events; these are uncommon and are not subject to federal regulations in the United States.
5084:
531:
with a recumbent patient, but this often requires the removal of the front passenger seat, or the use of a particularly long car. This was often the case with early ambulances, which were converted (or even serving)
716:
487:. Tests from the time showed that an ambulance service with personnel specially trained in psychiatric treatment was highly effective, and reduced the use of force when treating patients in psychiatric crises.
1245:
In addition to the equipment directly used for the treatment of patients, ambulances may be fitted with a range of additional equipment which is used in order to facilitate patient care. This could include:
817:
2088:
serve the exclusive purpose of armored medical vehicles. Civilian based designs may be painted in appropriate colors, depending on the operational requirements (i.e. camouflage for field use, white for
4558:"Real Decreto 836/2012, de 25 de mayo, por el que se establecen las características técnicas, el equipamiento sanitario y la dotación de personal de los vehículos de transporte sanitario por carretera"
1711:
1404:) require urgent treatment by advanced medical personnel, and because of this need, emergency ambulances are often fitted with passive and active visual and/or audible warnings to alert road users.
1102:
would only sell vehicles for ambulance conversion if they are diesel-powered. Beginning in 2010, Ford will sell its ambulance chassis with a gasoline engine in order to meet emissions requirements.
974:
4737:
1169:
The move towards standardisation is now reaching countries without a history of prescriptive codes, such as India, which approved its first national standard for ambulance construction in 2013.
3423:
2203:
heavily armored ground ambulance (HAGA) as treatment and evacuation vehicles, with contracts to incorporate the newly designed M2A0 armored medical evacuation vehicle (AMEV), a variant of the
1182:
1829:
In the United States, the cost of an ambulance ride may be paid for from several sources, and this will depend on the local situation type of service being provided, by whom, and to whom.
727:
1307:– Ambulances can be fitted with a tail lift or ramp in order to facilitate loading a patient without having to undertake any lifting. This is especially important where the patient is
2097:
has a fleet of white ambulances, based on production trucks. Military helicopters have also served both as ad hoc and purpose-built air ambulances since they are extremely useful for
392:– The most common type of ambulance, which provides care to patients with an acute illness or injury. These can be road-going vans, boats, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft (known as
2811:
1713:
1043:
Ambulances often have two stages of manufacturing. The first is frequently the manufacture of light or medium truck chassis-cabs or full-size vans (or in some places, cars) such as
4560:[Royal Decree 836/2012, of 25 May, which establishes the technical characteristics, the sanitary equipment and the staffing of the vehicles of sanitary transport by road].
4381:
2911:
2785:
1522:) yellow or orange for maximum visual impact, though classic white or red are also common. Fire department-operated ambulances are often painted red to match the fire apparatuses.
5029:
3308:
3282:
3256:
2278:. Since Ontario laws require ambulances to be retired after just four and a half years in service, the City of Toronto decommissions and auctions around 28 ambulances each year.
1529:(or local language variant) spelled out in reverse on the front of the vehicle. This enables drivers of other vehicles to more easily identify an approaching ambulance in their
863:
527:
for rapid response or to transport patients who can sit, these are standard car models adapted to the requirements of the service using them. Some cars are capable of taking a
3693:
2116:, military ambulances are often unarmed. It is a generally accepted practice in most countries to classify the personnel attached to military vehicles marked as ambulances as
686:, which can be towed behind a self-propelled vehicle, can be used as an ambulance. This permits flexibility in areas with minimal access to vehicles, such as on small islands.
5082:
1900:– This role has different levels of training across the world, but these staff are usually only required to perform patient transport duties (which can include stretcher or
3517:
3335:
779:
1548:, Australia with warped Battenburg markings, the Maltese Cross, and additional fluorescent reflective stripes to aid in visibility. Also visible are its emergency lights.
1904:
cases), rather than acute care. Dependent on provider, they may be trained in first aid or extended skills such as use of an AED, oxygen therapy and other lifesaving or
757:
924:
1552:
Ambulances may also carry an emblem (either as part of the passive warning markings or not), such as a Red Cross, Red
Crescent or Red Crystal (collective known as the
3926:
5049:
2072:
Military ambulances have historically included vehicles based on civilian designs and at times also included armored, but unarmed, vehicle ambulances based upon
1988:. Dependent on jurisdiction, the title "paramedic" can be a protected title, and use of it without the relevant qualification may result in criminal prosecution.
2637:
1712:
672:
may be used to provide medical care as a mobile treatment facility or transport patients to better care in more accessible areas. These are generally called
3179:
1854:– Hospitals may provide the ambulance transport free of charge, on the condition that patients use the hospital's services (which they may have to pay for).
443:– A special type of patient transport ambulance designed for extremely obese patients equipped with the appropriate tools to move and manage these patients.
5213:
5069:
3896:
3870:
1075:, where the modifications are started from scratch and built on to the vehicle, or using a modular system, where a pre-built 'box' is put on to the empty
1836:– The full or the majority of the cost of transport by ambulance is borne by the local, regional, or national government (through their normal taxation).
4733:
1257:
message to alert the hospital of the impending arrival of a critical patient.) More recently many services worldwide have moved from traditional analog
4486:
4785:
1506:
designs, which reflects light from car headlights or torches. Popular patterns include 'checker board' (alternate coloured squares, sometimes called '
1105:
In the United
Kingdom, the National Health Service has set a target for all ambulances to be fully electric as part of the Net Zero campaign by 2045.
3430:
1498:
Passive visual warnings are usually part of the design of the vehicle, and involve the use of high contrast patterns. Older ambulances (and those in
1478:
1474:
1329:– In addition to normal working lighting, ambulances can be fitted with special lighting (often blue or red) which is used when the patient becomes
1145:
and known as KKK-A-1822. This standard has been revised several times, and is currently in version 'F' change notice #13, known as KKK-A-1822F. The
3539:
Becker LR, Zaloshnja E, Levick N, Li G, Miller TR (November 2003). "Relative risk of injury and death in ambulances and other emergency vehicles".
2724:
1769:
audible warnings to augment the effectiveness of the siren system, or may be fitted with extremely loud two-tone air horns as their primary siren.
4579:
735:
3617:
Kahn CA, Pirrallo RG, Kuhn EM (July 2001). "Characteristics of fatal ambulance crashes in the United States: an 11-year retrospective analysis".
2024:. Alternatively, in some systems, such as Albuquerque, NM and Pittsburgh, PA, physicians are available to respond to serious cases via a fly car.
578:– Used for response off-road, especially at events or in remote areas. ATVs can be modified to carry a stretcher, and are used for tasks such as
4053:
3127:
3055:
2837:
2695:
1585:
604:– In some cases, buses can be used to transport multiple casualties, either for the purposes of taking patients on journeys, in the context of
554:– In urban areas, these may be used for rapid response in an emergency as they can travel through heavy traffic much faster than a car or van.
4960:
3153:
1908:
skills. They may provide emergency cover when other units are not available, or when accompanied by a fully qualified technician or paramedic.
1611:
operate one state and one territory ambulance service, and all of
Australia's other ambulance services use variations on a red Maltese cross.
4659:
3918:
1621:(often incorrectly called a Maltese cross) as this cross is frequently used as a fire department logo (St. Florian being the patron saint of
905:
4329:
2375:
3796:
2815:
1705:
2915:
2789:
2753:
2448:
1937:
1868:
ambulance may be crewed by one paramedic and one technician, or in countries like
Australia advanced life support registered paramedics.
1848:– Transport by ambulance may be provided free of charge to patients by a charity, although donations may be sought for services received.
1150:
3312:
3286:
3260:
3076:
1518:, only came in tape form). In addition to retro-reflective markings, some services now have the vehicles painted in a bright (sometimes
598:– Used for rapid response at events or on campuses. These function similarly to ATVs, with less rough terrain capability and less noise.
4385:
3770:
3718:
3525:
2682:"Tilpassede biler og ansatte med spesiell kompetanse: Slik har egne ambulanser for psykisk syke blitt en suksess i Bergen og Stavanger"
2539:
1649:
An ambulance in
Denmark with roof-integrated LED lights, plus side-view mirror, grill and front fend-off lights, and fog lamps wig-wags
4811:
4607:
4437:
3997:
2885:
1948:– In some systems, nurses are the primary providers of advanced-level care on ambulances, often in place of paramedics. This includes
2274:
City
Council operates a "Caravan of Hope" project to give retired Toronto ambulances a second life by donating them to the people of
5100:
5009:
3362:
2507:
1364:
In parts of the world that lack a high level of infrastructure, ambulances are designed to meet local conditions, being built using
5206:
5138:
4633:
801:
633:
4930:
3491:
2465:
1156:
In the United States and Canada, there are four types of ambulances: Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV. Type I is based on a
1928:, spinal immobilization, bleeding control, splinting of suspected fractures, assisting the patient with certain medications, and
337:
3339:
2247:
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1134:
300:
of 1870 and in the Serbo-Turkish war of 1876 even though the wagons were first referred to as ambulances about 1854 during the
251:. Generally, vehicles count as an ambulance if they can transport patients. However, it varies by jurisdiction as to whether a
1680:
or in special flush-mount designs (as seen on the Danish ambulance to the right), or may be hidden in a host light (such as a
5291:
4896:
3574:
Ray AF, Kupas DF (October–December 2005). "Comparison of crashes involving ambulances with those of similar-sized vehicles".
2413:
1688:, tail lamps) may be programmed to flash. Flashing headlights (typically the high beams, flashed alternately) are known as a
409:– A vehicle, which has the job of transporting patients to, from or between places of medical treatment, such as hospital or
5033:
2955:
1654:
warning beacons are blue, red, amber, and white (clear). However the colours may vary by country and sometimes by operator.
4763:
4141:
2017:
1933:
1146:
841:
5046:
5199:
2353:
1864:
the case that only the attendant need be qualified, and the driver might have no medical training. In some locations, an
4411:
2613:
2084:
half-track were pressed into service as ad hoc ambulances, and in more recent times purpose-built AFVs such as the U.S.
96:
4228:
3959:
4459:
4359:
4027:
1560:, and all countries signatory to it agree to restrict their use to either (1) Military Ambulances or (2) the national
68:
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1793:
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115:
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1972:– This is a high level of medical training and usually involves key skills not permissible for technicians, such as
4281:
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2583:
2085:
1885:
916:
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1880:– A person who arrives first at the scene of an incident, and whose job is to provide early critical care such as
425:
chassis, that can evacuate and transport a large number of patients. They are usually used in emergencies such as
3183:
1142:
1098:
in comparison to diesel fuel. The type of engine may be determined by the manufacturer: in the past two decades,
75:
5173:
1676:
Emergency lights may simply be mounted directly on the body, or may be housed in special fittings, such as in a
608:, or to deal with specific problems such as drunken patients in town centers. They are sometimes referred to as
4291:
3660:
2165:
1596:
53:
4115:
2216:
1881:
1592:
1388:
Emergency ambulances are highly likely to be involved in hazardous situations, including incidents such as a
749:
594:
374:
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4167:
2667:
2268:. They may also have a perfectly serviceable body or vehicle (or both) separated from the other and reused.
312:
5286:
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4789:
3131:
2297:
2223:, these ships can display a prominent Red Cross or Red Crescent to confer protection under the appropriate
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82:
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260:
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5030:"Report No. 6 of the Community and Health Services, §2: Donation of Decommissioned Ambulances for 2011"
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1802:
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632:– These can be used for either acute emergency care in remote areas (such as in Australia, with the '
204:, and transport patients to hospital or other definitive care. Most ambulances use a design based on
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3105:
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armored personnel carriers and regular up-armored ambulances are not sufficiently protected against
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sets, which can be monitored externally, to more secure digital systems, such as those working on a
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3157:
2109:
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1577:, but this does not have recognition beyond Israeli borders, where they must use the Red Crystal.
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to identify their ambulances. This is especially important in countries such as Australia, where
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42:
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There are several technologies in use to achieve the flashing effect. These include flashing a
1600:
1095:
426:
3209:"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, see campaign ID #s 87V111000 & 87V113000"
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with ambulance features in order to allow rescue operations to take place under heavy fire in
1502:) are more likely to have their pattern painted on, whereas modern ambulances generally carry
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3234:
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2142:
1865:
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in Spanish) were first used for emergency transport in 1487 by the Spanish forces during the
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3774:
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1588:, because the Red Cross symbol is legally protected by both National and international law.
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service for non-emergency situations. Scheduling is a major factor in their effective use.
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1997:
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449:– A special ambulance used to collect the bodies of people who have died to preserve their
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8:
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2004:
1981:
1973:
1924:– technicians are usually able to perform a wide range of emergency care skills, such as
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vessels may fit the description of an ambulance as they are used to transport a casualty.
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vehicles for conveying the wounded off the field of battle were called ambulance wagons.
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3011:
1996:– This position is designed to bridge the link between ambulance care and the care of a
517:
or require a large amount of equipment to be carried may be based on medium-duty trucks.
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4223:. The Canadian Red Cross. Guelph, ON: The StayWell Health Company. 2008. p. 359.
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991:
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4534:
4517:
4287:
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3404:
3370:
3180:"The United States Air Force lists an LPG-powered ambulance on a 2001 vehicle roster"
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2533:
2500:
2461:
2334:
2287:
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Retired ambulances may find reuse in less-demanding emergency services, such as this
2236:
2227:. However, this designation has not always protected hospital ships from enemy fire.
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1944:
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is provided to the patient during the transport. Ambulances are used to respond to
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5407:
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2959:
2633:
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931:
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808:
786:
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579:
540:. Some operators use modular-body transport ambulances based on the chassis of a
537:
450:
410:
353:
229:
197:
173:
4759:
3154:"The Royal Air Force Motor Sports Association utilizes an LPG-powered ambulance"
2444:
With An Ambulance Personal Experiences And Adventures With Both Armies 1870–1871
1932:. Some countries split this term into levels (such as in the US, where there is
1809:
3828:
2307:
2177:
1985:
1929:
1925:
1503:
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transport than high dependency), or may base standards on the size of vehicle.
935:
673:
293:
162:
3923:
Implementation Guidelines for the Canadian ED Triage & Acuity Scale (CTAS)
3687:"Motorola and Tetra Ireland Consortium Deliver National Public Safety Network"
3630:
3587:
3473:
3456:"Index of Federal Specifications, Standards, and Commercial Item Descriptions"
5531:
5339:
5191:
4407:
3836:
3374:
2252:
2211:
2160:
gunmen killed two soldiers who were providing aid for a Palestinian woman in
2153:
2117:
1666:
1618:
1604:
1574:
1486:
1393:
1222:
1072:
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1032:
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893:
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650:, especially in island areas or in areas with a large number of canals. Some
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248:
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135:
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1752:
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4543:
4355:
4023:
3951:
Above the fray: The Red Cross and the making of the humanitarian NGO sector
3844:
3638:
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1798:
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1614:
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or specialty care transports that require large, bulky equipment such as a
1203:
1036:
742:
509:
345:
341:
209:
181:
5066:"Media Release: York Region donates ambulance to Haitian recovery efforts"
4982:
3408:
2338:
1540:
536:, as these were some of the few vehicles able to accept a human body in a
130:
4197:
3395:
Vogt F (1976). "Equipment: Federal Specification, Ambulance KKK-A-1822".
2275:
2220:
2156:. The modifications were made following a failed rescue attempt in which
2105:
2081:
1953:
1622:
1295:
1157:
1087:
1024:
700:
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center, for non-urgent care. These can be vans, buses, or other vehicles.
301:
4608:"UK Health Care Professionals Council advice on use of protected titles"
3807:
2587:
1426:
496:
Ambulances can be based on many types of vehicle although emergency and
5344:
4707:
4584:. Paramedic Association of Canada. 2001. pp. 96–97. Archived from
2302:
2050:
1905:
1901:
1822:
1455:
1397:
1211:
1207:
1202:. Research has shown that ambulances are more likely to be involved in
1028:
616:
500:
conditions may lead to other vehicles serving as makeshift ambulances:
369:
4518:"A new profession in the pre-hospital care field: the ambulance nurse"
4145:
5417:
5296:
3664:
3283:"2006 Ford F-Series Super Duty Chassis Cab Ambulance: Specifications"
2169:
2127:
2033:
2012:
1968:
1777:
1584:
is widely used, and was originally designed and governed by the U.S.
1569:
casualties, although this has not always been adhered to. In Israel,
1561:
1533:. Ambulances may display the name of their owner or operator, and an
1302:
1239:
1199:
1071:, and interior fittings. This is done by one of two methods – either
855:
655:
588:
528:
397:
193:
16:
Vehicle equipped for transporting and care for ill and wounded people
2045:
1805:, a privately-funded service operating in parts of the United States
288:
by the Catholic Monarchs against the Emirate of Granada. During the
31:
5427:
4888:
Aeromedical Evacuation: Management of Acute and Stabilized Patients
4119:
4075:
2259:
When an ambulance is retired, it may be donated or sold to another
1977:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1645:
1369:
1234:
1138:
746:
728:
District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department
723:
497:
317:
177:
2264:
private businesses or individuals, who then can use them as small
664:– In remote or hard-to-reach areas that are accessed primarily by
475:. The idea was first tested as "Psykebilen" ("The Psych ambo") in
5168:
4171:
2271:
2196:
2180:
2146:
2098:
1964:. Nurses may also work on ambulances for critical care transport.
1949:
1766:
1113:
1076:
996:
665:
559:
541:
524:
169:
165:
1976:(and with it the ability to administer a range of drugs such as
1446:
1417:
5180:
3474:"Ambulances – Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Ambulances"
2985:
2184:
ground ambulances and treatment & evacuation vehicles, the
2113:
1957:
1401:
1254:
1226:
Interior of a mobile intensive care unit (MICU) ambulance from
1122:
1065:
incomplete, having no body or interior behind the driver's seat
1052:
1048:
852:
533:
484:
480:
476:
324:
221:
143:
4026:. International Committee of the Red Cross. 28 December 2015.
1741:
In addition to visual warnings, ambulances can be fitted with
4786:"UK Army information on basic training for medical personnel"
3925:. Canadian Association of Emergency Physician. Archived from
2200:
2193:
2161:
1961:
1320:
1308:
1270:
984:
669:
461:
deploying one such ambulance with a $ 1.5 million three-year
271:
5068:. Community and Health Services, York Region. Archived from
3208:
2914:. London Ambulance Service. 18 December 2008. Archived from
483:
in 2005, and was soon adopted by other cities in Norway and
3106:"New technology closes gap between accident victims and ER"
2812:"Square-Mile cycle paramedics become the new City-Slickers"
2698:. South Central Ambulance Service NHS Trust. Archived from
2189:
1323:
which are designed to pull heavy patients into the vehicle.
1290:
1227:
1118:
1086:, which can be powered by any conventional fuel, including
1009:
357:
4760:"International Committee of the Red Cross policy on usage"
3363:"Net zero ambulances could cost NHS half a billion pounds"
3079:. Emergency Ambulance.com. 16 January 2003. Archived from
2984:. Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. Archived from
1012:
must be available and service facilities are necessary to
3813:
1352:
1266:
1262:
1258:
422:
205:
3538:
1591:
Ambulance services with historical origins such as the
1515:
2840:. Design for Development. 20 July 2005. Archived from
2696:"South Central Ambulance Service NHS Trust – About Us"
5505:
4891:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 55.
4885:
Hurd, William W.; Jernigan, John G. (18 April 2006).
2786:"Two-wheeled medics cover more ground in the capital"
1319:. There may also be equipment linked to this such as
1067:) and turns it into an ambulance by adding bodywork,
1063:) modifies the vehicle (which is sometimes purchased
692:– More traditional form of transport, mostly seen in
4985:. World War One Document Archive. 30 October 2000 .
3817:
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
3257:"2006 Ford E-Series Cutaway Chassis: Specifications"
2564:
4957:"US Navy Military Sealift Command – Hospital Ships"
4610:. Health care Professionals council. Archived from
3954:. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. pp. 55–56.
3518:"Ministry gives its nod to national ambulance code"
3361:Searles, Michael; Donnelly, Laura (15 March 2024).
2614:"N.Y. Planning Special Ambulance To Recover Organs"
2471:. Annotated by McLaughlin, G. Harry. Archived from
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5010:"Medicaid Ride Program For Disabled Is Criticized"
4864:"Technical data on armament of M113 APC Ambulance"
3895:. Province of Ontario. pp. Section 128.0.13.
3424:"Ambulance Vehicle Design Specifications Revision"
3309:"2006 Ford E-Series Van Ambulance: Specifications"
2912:"Ambulance crews prepare for party night pressure"
2255:former ambulance that has become a logistics unit.
1238:Four stages of deployment on an inboard ambulance
1027:equipment, which itself often relies on an intact
5007:
3415:
3077:"Handheld radios for Emergency Ambulance Service"
1031:. Similarly, modern ambulances are equipped with
5529:
4286:. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heineman. p. 73.
3616:
2725:"News Reference to Motorcycle Trailer Ambulance"
4310:. Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care
4260:"Emergency warning device – patent application"
3360:
961:; note the "PARAMEDIC" text near the rear wheel
5221:
5101:"Orangeville Police inherit retired ambulance"
4814:. Defense Update. 27 July 2006. Archived from
4636:. South West Ambulance Service. Archived from
4634:"Definition of an Emergency Care Practitioner"
2242:
1586:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
1573:, the Red Cross member organization use a red
5207:
3429:. Nebraska EMS/Trauma Program. Archived from
2578:
2576:
2456:
1780:. The ambulance is fitted with a short range
1617:operated ambulances may display the Cross of
4884:
4762:. International committee of the Red Cross.
4484:
4194:"St. Florian – Patron Saint of Firefighters"
4052:. International Committee of the Red Cross.
3610:
3567:
3532:
2108:demand ambulances be marked with one of the
4332:. American Medical Response. Archived from
3336:"Ford to Offer Gasoline Ambulances in 2010"
1464:Various symbols for identifying ambulances:
1380:Cost-effectiveness can be a high priority.
1082:Modern ambulances are typically powered by
316:Early car-based ambulances, such this 1948
5214:
5200:
3661:"New Ambulance Design Protects Paramedics"
3156:. RAFMSA. 24 November 2005. Archived from
2982:"Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia"
2573:
2348:
2346:
2199:medical evacuation vehicle (MEV), and the
1871:Common ambulance crew qualifications are:
1407:
1383:
1359:
1019:Methods of summoning (e.g. telephone) and
966:
562:can make these patient transporting units.
4533:
4515:
3333:
3237:. Center for Auto Safety. 9 November 2002
3100:
3098:
3071:
3069:
3058:. Isle of Sark Government. Archived from
2748:
2746:
2719:
2717:
2586:. Jumbulance Travel Trust. Archived from
1760:responding through traffic in New Zealand
1628:
1525:Another passive marking form is the word
1206:resulting in injury or death than either
1079:of the ambulance, and then finished off.
471:– A special ambulance dedicated to treat
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
4581:National Occupational Competency Profile
4487:"EMS in the Netherlands: A Dutch Treat?"
4000:. The Canadian Red Cross. Archived from
3978:. National Highway Safety Administration
3573:
3056:"General Information – Medical Services"
3010:. Heathrow air ambulance. Archived from
2668:"Psykiatrisk Ambulansetjeneste i Bergen"
2607:
2605:
2558:
2246:
2126:
2063:
2044:
2032:
1808:
1792:
1751:
1709:
1644:
1539:
1233:
1221:
1176:
1112:
990:
970:
811:operated by the London Ambulance Service
421:– A large ambulance, usually based on a
368:
336:
311:
296:were still called ambulances during the
148:
129:
4983:"The sinking of HMHS Llandovery Castle"
2888:. Diversified Golf Cars. Archived from
2754:"Motorcycle Trailer-Ambulance Brochure"
2632:
2466:"Our Adventures During the War of 1870"
2378:. How products are made. Archived from
2343:
2313:
1772:A recent development is the use of the
1737:such as ambulances in several countries
708:
352:The history of the ambulance begins in
5530:
5008:Raymond Hernandez (10 November 1996).
4949:
4684:. London Air Ambulance. Archived from
4660:"EMS Physician Scene Response Program"
4279:
4142:"Ambulance Service of New South Wales"
3394:
3095:
3066:
2974:
2743:
2714:
2538:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1984:and other skills such as performing a
1556:). These are symbols laid down by the
1149:has also published a design standard,
1135:European Committee for Standardization
396:), or even converted vehicles such as
5292:Advanced emergency medical technician
5195:
4812:"LIC Modeled Merkava Mk-3 Baz / Mk 4"
4491:Journal of Emergency Medical Services
4460:"US Government Careers advice on EMT"
4440:from the original on 25 November 2009
4362:from the original on 25 November 2009
4056:from the original on 22 November 2009
3947:
3899:from the original on 22 November 2009
3873:from the original on 22 November 2009
2611:
2602:
2504:Service in Servia Under the Red Cross
2333:. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
1008:or all-terrain vehicles can be used.
153:An NHS ambulance in south-west London
4959:. US Navy Military Sealift Command.
4168:"South Australian Ambulance Service"
4090:"About Queensland Ambulance Service"
3763:
3421:
2176:, it was decided to use the heavily
1147:National Fire Protection Association
1059:. The second manufacturer (known as
896:plane air ambulance operated by the
235:Ambulances are generally considered
200:, carry equipment for administering
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
4714:from the original on 6 October 2009
3773:. Ross and Bonnyman. Archived from
3235:"Ford Ambulance/Van Fuel-Fed Fires"
3130:. Demers Ambulances. Archived from
1699:
364:
13:
4838:"Three dead in fresh Gaza clashes"
3182:. 13 November 2001. Archived from
2864:"Information on Quadtech EMS quad"
2759:. IT Transport LTD. Archived from
2376:"How Products Are Made: Ambulance"
2093:, etc.). For example, the British
1281:– Some ambulances are fitted with
1190:A video on ambulance crash testing
14:
5549:
5161:
4989:from the original on 14 July 2007
4963:from the original on 29 June 2007
4740:from the original on 17 June 2007
4356:"Yorkshire Air Ambulance Charity"
4308:"OHIP:Ambulance Services Billing"
3869:. 2009. pp. Section 144.20.
3745:"CCTV to protect ambulance staff"
3034:"Islanders to get Ambulance Boat"
2956:"Highways Agency – Air Ambulance"
212:, though others take the form of
192:(EMS), and can rapidly transport
5515:
5179:
5167:
5131:
5119:
5093:
5058:
5022:
5001:
4975:
4766:from the original on 6 July 2007
4682:"London Air Ambulance Crew List"
4535:10.1111/j.1362-1017.2005.00129.x
4485:Wulterkens D (6 December 2005).
4414:from the original on 29 May 2007
4096:from the original on 6 July 2007
4076:"Order of Malta Charity Ireland"
4030:from the original on 1 July 2017
3215:from the original on 30 May 2007
3008:"Heathrow Air Ambulance Service"
2210:Some navies operate ocean-going
2188:currently employs the M113, the
2086:M1133 medical evacuation vehicle
1886:automated external defibrillator
1454:
1445:
1434:
1425:
1416:
946:
923:
917:Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue
904:
885:
862:
840:
816:
800:
778:
756:
734:
726:truck ambulance operated by the
715:
646:– Boats can be used to serve as
491:
263:that cannot transport patients.
30:
4923:
4905:
4878:
4856:
4830:
4804:
4778:
4752:
4726:
4700:
4674:
4652:
4626:
4600:
4572:
4550:
4509:
4478:
4452:
4434:"Ambulance Care Assistant Role"
4426:
4400:
4374:
4348:
4322:
4300:
4273:
4252:
4212:
4196:. stflorian.net. Archived from
4186:
4160:
4134:
4108:
4082:
4068:
4050:"The Geneva Convention of 1949"
4042:
4016:
3990:
3968:
3941:
3911:
3885:
3859:
3789:
3737:
3711:
3679:
3653:
3510:
3484:
3466:
3448:
3388:
3354:
3327:
3301:
3275:
3249:
3227:
3201:
3172:
3146:
3120:
3048:
3026:
3000:
2948:
2922:
2904:
2878:
2856:
2830:
2804:
2778:
2688:
2674:
2660:
2626:
2442:The memoirs of Charles E. Ryan
2354:"Essex Ambulance Response Cars"
2028:
1143:General Services Administration
253:non-emergency patient transport
41:needs additional citations for
4788:. British Army. Archived from
4734:"M.A.S.H. medevac helicopters"
4283:The Broadcaster's Guide to RDS
2546:
2490:
2436:
2406:
2394:
2368:
2320:
2207:(formerly known as the ATTV).
2016:– In some systems such as the
1821:, a charity-funded service in
1597:Order of Malta Ambulance Corps
745:van ambulance operated by the
447:Rapid organ recovery ambulance
323:, were sometimes also used as
256:
1:
4408:"Role of the First Responder"
3976:"Star of Life DOT HS 808 721"
3893:"Ontario Highway Traffic Act"
3867:"Ontario Highway Traffic Act"
3553:10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00102-1
3524:. 7 June 2013. Archived from
2565:Katherine T. Barkley (1990).
2217:Mobile Army Surgical Hospital
2080:vehicles such as the Hanomag
1882:cardiopulmonary resuscitation
1133:For instance, in Europe, the
595:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle
375:New York City Fire Department
180:. Typically, out-of-hospital
5287:Emergency medical technician
5277:Emergency medical dispatcher
4410:. Resuscitation Council UK.
2414:"Civil War Ambulance Wagons"
2298:Emergency medical dispatcher
2230:
2174:improvised explosive devices
1921:Emergency medical technician
1217:
1108:
552:Motorcycle and motor scooter
261:nontransporting EMS vehicles
7:
5475:Critical emergency medicine
5393:Kendrick extrication device
5365:Nontransporting EMS vehicle
5355:Light horse field ambulance
5282:Emergency medical responder
4568:: 41589–41595. 8 June 2012.
3919:"CTAS Category Definitions"
3663:. WESH News. Archived from
2331:The Origin of Medical Terms
2281:
2243:Reuse of retired ambulances
2205:M2 Bradley fighting vehicle
2137:, a U.S. Navy hospital ship
2091:United Nations peacekeeping
2074:armoured personnel carriers
2041:in ambulance configuration.
1993:Emergency care practitioner
1641:Emergency vehicle equipment
1537:for the ambulance service.
1345:against airborne pathogens.
1084:internal combustion engines
1069:emergency vehicle equipment
1023:ambulances usually rely on
983:An ambulance responding in
959:Las Vegas Fire & Rescue
898:Royal Flying Doctor Service
768:nontransporting EMS vehicle
765:Volkswagen Transporter (T6)
10:
5554:
5223:Emergency medical services
5126:"Reconditioned ambulances"
4913:"1-22 Infantry tests ATTV"
4562:Boletín Oficial del Estado
3829:10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.04.001
3721:. Microbus. Archived from
3692:. Motorola. Archived from
2612:Stein, Rob (24 May 2008).
1858:
1719:Whelen Engineering Company
1703:
1638:
1635:Emergency vehicle lighting
1632:
1535:emergency telephone number
344:(then Princess) next to a
330:
307:
190:emergency medical services
21:Ambulance (disambiguation)
18:
5462:
5436:
5378:
5315:
5262:Certified first responder
5252:
5229:
3631:10.1080/10903120190939751
3588:10.1080/10903120500253813
2553:Oxford English Dictionary
2401:Oxford English Dictionary
2356:. Car Pages. 24 July 2004
2145:modified a number of its
1834:Government-funded service
1819:Wellington Free Ambulance
1803:American Medical Response
1172:
1061:second stage manufacturer
995:Truck-based ambulance in
5272:Emergency care assistant
4710:. Surrey Air Ambulance.
4522:Nursing in Critical Care
3108:. CNN News. 7 April 1999
2930:"Aboard the 'Booze Bus'"
2886:"EMS golf cart brochure"
2838:"Bike Ambulance Project"
2110:Emblems of the Red Cross
2095:Royal Army Medical Corps
2068:1917 Red Cross ambulance
1913:Emergency care assistant
1840:Privately-funded service
1788:
1733:tones, commonly used by
1204:motor vehicle collisions
794:London Ambulance Service
333:History of the ambulance
255:vehicle (also called an
5128:. Malleyindustries.com.
4116:"ACT Ambulance Service"
3948:Dromi, Shai M. (2020).
2584:"Questions and Answers"
2555:ambulance definition 2a
2112:not to mount offensive
1898:Non-emergency attendant
1852:Hospital-funded service
1706:Audible warning devices
1665:, flashing or rotating
1408:Passive visual warnings
1384:Appearance and markings
1366:intermediate technology
1360:Intermediate technology
1194:Ambulances, like other
1137:publishes the standard
1092:liquefied petroleum gas
967:Design and construction
682:– In some instances, a
473:psychiatric emergencies
427:mass casualty incidents
5172:Quotations related to
4708:"Surrey Air Ambulance"
4280:Wright, Scott (1997).
4243:: CS1 maint: others (
3998:"The Red Cross Emblem"
3311:. Ford. Archived from
3285:. Ford. Archived from
3259:. Ford. Archived from
3036:. BBC. 10 October 2003
2403:ambulance definition 1
2256:
2186:United States military
2143:Israeli Defense Forces
2138:
2069:
2061:
2042:
1846:Charity-funded service
1826:
1817:ambulance operated by
1815:Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
1806:
1801:ambulance operated by
1761:
1738:
1650:
1629:Active visual warnings
1601:Malteser International
1549:
1390:road traffic collision
1242:
1231:
1191:
1126:
1000:
988:
582:in inaccessible areas.
381:
349:
328:
154:
146:
5244:Advanced life support
4221:Emergency Care Manual
3823:(2). Wiley: 191–197.
2727:. TNN. Archived from
2266:recreational vehicles
2250:
2130:
2067:
2048:
2036:
1866:advanced life support
1812:
1796:
1755:
1745:, sometimes known as
1716:
1648:
1543:
1374:motorcycle ambulances
1283:mobile data terminals
1237:
1225:
1189:
1116:
994:
982:
833:Pol'and'Rock Festival
469:Psychiatric ambulance
372:
340:
315:
152:
133:
5360:Motorcycle ambulance
5323:Air medical services
5188:at Wikimedia Commons
5087:7 April 2012 at the
5052:26 July 2013 at the
4937:on 16 September 2012
4792:on 17 September 2009
4382:"Ambulance Services"
4200:on 27 September 2007
3929:on 21 September 2010
3719:"MDT Market Sectors"
3699:on 16 September 2012
3083:on 27 September 2007
3062:on 17 February 2012.
2844:on 28 September 2007
2731:on 27 September 2007
2451:1 April 2016 at the
2314:References and notes
2057:emblazoned with the
1998:general practitioner
1500:developing countries
1278:Mobile data terminal
1014:maintain the vehicle
790:motorcycle ambulance
709:Vehicle type gallery
694:developing economies
174:treatment facilities
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
5495:Wilderness medicine
5302:Emergency physician
4497:on 17 February 2015
3667:on 14 November 2013
3422:Cole, Dean (2013).
3315:on 21 November 2018
3289:on 20 November 2018
3263:on 21 November 2018
3128:"Mystere – Chassis"
2619:The Washington Post
2569:. Exposition Press.
2458:Pearson, Emma Maria
2327:Skinner, Henry Alan
2235:Ambulettes provide
2219:. In line with the
2005:Physician assistant
1982:tracheal intubation
1491:Battenburg markings
1289:Evidence gathering
1037:cellular telephones
825:all-terrain vehicle
772:Emergency physician
629:Fixed-wing aircraft
575:All-terrain vehicle
523:– Used either as a
440:Bariatric ambulance
390:Emergency ambulance
298:Franco-Prussian War
186:medical emergencies
138:ambulance with its
5485:Emergency medicine
5413:Spinal precautions
5239:Basic life support
5145:on 21 October 2018
5015:The New York Times
4688:on 8 December 2009
4614:on 7 November 2018
4516:Suserud B (2005).
4388:on 25 October 2007
4004:on 11 January 2010
3619:Prehosp Emerg Care
3576:Prehosp Emerg Care
3498:on 4 November 2014
2936:. 17 December 2007
2648:on 23 January 2011
2497:Emma Maria Pearson
2462:McLaughlin, Louisa
2257:
2139:
2070:
2062:
2043:
1884:(CPR) or using an
1827:
1807:
1762:
1758:St. John Ambulance
1739:
1735:emergency vehicles
1651:
1609:St. John Ambulance
1554:Protective Symbols
1550:
1396:or stop sign as a
1313:neonatal incubator
1243:
1232:
1196:emergency vehicles
1192:
1127:
1001:
989:
750:Ministry of Health
382:
356:, with the use of
350:
329:
290:American Civil War
237:emergency vehicles
168:used to transport
163:medically-equipped
155:
147:
5503:
5502:
5490:Military medicine
5470:Aviation medicine
5454:Search and rescue
5444:Ambulance station
5184:Media related to
5139:"Supporting hope"
5107:on 1 January 2013
4898:978-0-387-22699-6
4588:on 5 October 2011
3771:"Ambulance Lifts"
2636:(27 March 2008).
2501:Louisa McLaughlin
2288:Ambulance station
2237:patient transport
2225:Geneva Convention
2150:main battle tanks
2122:military training
2053:ambulance of the
1714:
1558:Geneva Convention
1531:rear view mirrors
1510:', named after a
1187:
980:
835:'s Medical Patrol
827:ambulance with a
809:paramedic bicycle
433:Charity ambulance
405:Patient transport
348:ambulance in 1945
239:authorized to be
126:
125:
118:
100:
5545:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5511:
5380:Casualty lifting
5307:Medical director
5216:
5209:
5202:
5193:
5192:
5183:
5171:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5141:. Archived from
5135:
5129:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5103:. Archived from
5097:
5091:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5062:
5056:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5032:. Archived from
5026:
5020:
5019:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4933:. Archived from
4927:
4921:
4920:
4917:1-22infantry.org
4909:
4903:
4902:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4537:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4493:. Archived from
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4462:. Archived from
4456:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4384:. Archived from
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4330:"Payment Policy"
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4242:
4234:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4170:. Archived from
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4144:. Archived from
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4118:. Archived from
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3803:on 13 July 2011.
3799:. Archived from
3797:"Press Releases"
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3725:on 27 March 2010
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3698:
3691:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3528:on 20 June 2013.
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3494:. Archived from
3488:
3482:
3481:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3436:on 30 April 2015
3435:
3428:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3403:(3): 58, 60–64.
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3342:on 16 April 2009
3338:. Archived from
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2958:. Archived from
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2918:on 3 March 2016.
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2818:on 27 April 2011
2814:. Archived from
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2792:on 27 April 2011
2788:. Archived from
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2758:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2721:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2684:. 20 March 2018.
2678:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2644:. Archived from
2634:Saletan, William
2630:
2624:
2623:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2513:. Archived from
2512:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2478:on 10 April 2008
2477:
2470:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2420:. Archived from
2418:civilwarhome.com
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2382:on 25 March 2007
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2350:
2341:
2324:
2078:Second World War
1945:Registered nurse
1938:EMT-Intermediate
1892:Ambulance driver
1743:audible warnings
1715:
1700:Audible warnings
1593:Order of St John
1571:Magen David Adom
1544:An ambulance in
1504:retro-reflective
1458:
1449:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1338:Air conditioning
1269:system, such as
1188:
1006:four-wheel drive
981:
950:
940:Russian Railways
927:
915:operated by the
908:
889:
871:Eurocopter EC145
866:
851:operated by the
844:
831:operated by the
820:
804:
792:operated by the
782:
760:
738:
719:
648:water ambulances
365:Functional types
245:emergency lights
198:first responders
140:emergency lights
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5516:
5514:
5506:
5504:
5499:
5480:Diving medicine
5458:
5432:
5423:Vacuum mattress
5408:Scoop stretcher
5382:
5374:
5370:Water ambulance
5350:Combination car
5311:
5248:
5225:
5220:
5164:
5159:
5158:
5148:
5146:
5137:
5136:
5132:
5124:
5120:
5110:
5108:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5089:Wayback Machine
5075:
5073:
5072:on 26 July 2013
5064:
5063:
5059:
5054:Wayback Machine
5039:
5037:
5036:on 26 July 2013
5028:
5027:
5023:
5006:
5002:
4992:
4990:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4966:
4964:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4940:
4938:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4899:
4883:
4879:
4869:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4847:
4845:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4818:on 27 June 2007
4810:
4809:
4805:
4795:
4793:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4769:
4767:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4743:
4741:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4717:
4715:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4665:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4643:
4641:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4617:
4615:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4591:
4589:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4483:
4479:
4469:
4467:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4443:
4441:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4417:
4415:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4391:
4389:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4339:
4337:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4294:
4278:
4274:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4203:
4201:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4174:on 25 June 2007
4166:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4122:on 30 June 2007
4114:
4113:
4109:
4099:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3962:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
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3864:
3860:
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3795:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3702:
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3696:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3615:
3611:
3572:
3568:
3541:Accid Anal Prev
3537:
3533:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3492:"Untitled Page"
3490:
3489:
3485:
3478:metronixinc.com
3472:
3471:
3467:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3420:
3416:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3334:James Philips.
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3189:on 14 June 2007
3186:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3134:on 19 June 2007
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3067:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3014:on 17 June 2007
3006:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2988:on 12 June 2007
2980:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2892:on 5 April 2007
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2766:on 14 June 2007
2763:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2702:on 3 March 2009
2694:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2631:
2627:
2610:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2563:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2508:"Archived copy"
2506:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2453:Wayback Machine
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2424:on 17 July 2017
2412:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2293:Combination car
2284:
2245:
2233:
2076:(APCs). In the
2039:RMMV Survivor R
2031:
1877:First responder
1861:
1791:
1710:
1708:
1702:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1546:New South Wales
1496:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1481:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1410:
1386:
1362:
1327:Trauma lighting
1220:
1177:
1175:
1111:
971:
969:
962:
951:
942:
932:Nikolay Pirogov
928:
919:
913:water ambulance
909:
900:
890:
881:
867:
858:
849:MAN Lion's City
845:
836:
821:
812:
805:
796:
787:Honda ST series
783:
774:
761:
752:
739:
730:
720:
711:
674:hospital trains
610:ambulance buses
606:major incidents
580:mountain rescue
538:supine position
494:
367:
335:
310:
294:Field hospitals
286:siege of Málaga
270:comes from the
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5551:
5541:
5540:
5525:
5524:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5463:Related fields
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5433:
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5430:
5425:
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5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5325:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5258:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5219:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5177:
5163:
5162:External links
5160:
5157:
5156:
5130:
5118:
5092:
5057:
5021:
5000:
4974:
4948:
4931:"Bradley AMEV"
4922:
4904:
4897:
4877:
4855:
4829:
4803:
4777:
4751:
4725:
4699:
4673:
4651:
4640:on 17 May 2007
4625:
4599:
4571:
4564:(in Spanish).
4549:
4528:(6): 269–271.
4508:
4477:
4466:on 7 June 2007
4451:
4425:
4399:
4373:
4347:
4336:on 5 July 2011
4321:
4299:
4292:
4272:
4251:
4230:978-1584804048
4229:
4211:
4185:
4159:
4148:on 7 June 2007
4133:
4107:
4081:
4067:
4041:
4015:
3989:
3967:
3961:978-0226680101
3960:
3940:
3910:
3884:
3858:
3806:
3788:
3777:on 1 July 2007
3762:
3751:. 26 July 2004
3736:
3710:
3678:
3652:
3625:(3): 261–269.
3609:
3582:(4): 412–415.
3566:
3547:(6): 941–948.
3531:
3509:
3483:
3465:
3447:
3414:
3397:Emerg Med Serv
3387:
3353:
3326:
3300:
3274:
3248:
3226:
3200:
3171:
3160:on 1 July 2007
3145:
3119:
3094:
3065:
3047:
3025:
2999:
2973:
2962:on 3 June 2009
2947:
2921:
2903:
2877:
2855:
2829:
2803:
2777:
2742:
2713:
2687:
2673:
2659:
2625:
2601:
2590:on 2 July 2007
2572:
2557:
2545:
2520:on 9 July 2008
2489:
2435:
2405:
2393:
2367:
2342:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2308:Rail ambulance
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2244:
2241:
2232:
2229:
2212:hospital ships
2118:non-combatants
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:air ambulances
2018:SAMU in France
2009:
2001:
1989:
1986:cricothyrotomy
1965:
1941:
1930:oxygen therapy
1926:defibrillation
1917:
1909:
1895:
1889:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1790:
1787:
1704:Main article:
1701:
1698:
1633:Main article:
1630:
1627:
1603:often use the
1463:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1385:
1382:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1349:Data recorders
1346:
1334:
1331:photosensitive
1324:
1299:
1286:
1274:
1219:
1216:
1174:
1171:
1110:
1107:
1090:, gasoline or
1033:two-way radios
968:
965:
964:
963:
955:Pierce Quantum
952:
945:
943:
936:hospital train
929:
922:
920:
910:
903:
901:
891:
884:
882:
868:
861:
859:
846:
839:
837:
822:
815:
813:
806:
799:
797:
784:
777:
775:
762:
755:
753:
740:
733:
731:
721:
714:
710:
707:
706:
705:
697:
690:Horse and cart
687:
677:
659:
641:
634:Flying Doctors
625:
613:
599:
584:
583:
571:
564:
563:
549:
518:
515:intensive care
493:
490:
489:
488:
466:
444:
436:
430:
414:
401:
394:air ambulances
366:
363:
331:Main article:
309:
306:
202:emergency care
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5550:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5523:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5429:
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5416:
5414:
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5409:
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5401:
5399:
5396:
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5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5340:Ambulance bus
5338:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5251:
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5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5217:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5187:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5144:
5140:
5134:
5127:
5122:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5004:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4962:
4958:
4952:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4900:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4881:
4865:
4859:
4844:. 14 May 2004
4843:
4839:
4833:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4791:
4787:
4781:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4661:
4655:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4553:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4481:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4309:
4303:
4295:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4276:
4261:
4255:
4246:
4240:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4215:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4077:
4071:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4029:
4025:
4024:"The Emblems"
4019:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3977:
3971:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3944:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3810:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3695:
3688:
3682:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3522:The Statesman
3519:
3513:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3391:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3367:The Telegraph
3364:
3357:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3236:
3230:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3035:
3029:
3013:
3009:
3003:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2865:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2683:
2677:
2669:
2663:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2638:"Meat Wagons"
2635:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2606:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2567:The Ambulance
2561:
2554:
2549:
2541:
2535:
2516:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2474:
2467:
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2459:
2454:
2450:
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2445:
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2409:
2402:
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2371:
2355:
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2347:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
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2319:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2254:
2253:Ford E-Series
2249:
2240:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2154:urban warfare
2151:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1825:, New Zealand
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1707:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1671:strobe lights
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1605:Maltese cross
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1575:Star of David
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1492:
1488:
1487:Maltese Cross
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1457:
1448:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:traffic light
1391:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:hospital beds
1314:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:Two-way radio
1249:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1117:An ambulance
1115:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:coachbuilding
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:Mercedes-Benz
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
998:
993:
986:
960:
956:
949:
944:
941:
937:
933:
930:The "Surgeon
926:
921:
918:
914:
907:
902:
899:
895:
894:Pilatus PC-12
888:
883:
880:
876:
875:air ambulance
872:
865:
860:
857:
854:
850:
843:
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
814:
810:
803:
798:
795:
791:
788:
781:
776:
773:
769:
766:
759:
754:
751:
748:
744:
737:
732:
729:
725:
718:
713:
712:
703:
702:
698:
695:
691:
688:
685:
681:
678:
675:
671:
668:connections,
667:
663:
660:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:
639:
638:air ambulance
635:
631:
630:
626:
623:
622:air ambulance
619:
618:
614:
611:
607:
603:
600:
597:
596:
591:
590:
586:
585:
581:
577:
576:
572:
569:
566:
565:
561:
557:
553:
550:
547:
546:station wagon
543:
539:
535:
530:
526:
522:
519:
516:
512:
511:
506:
503:
502:
501:
499:
492:Vehicle types
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:
464:
460:
459:pilot program
456:
455:New York City
452:
448:
445:
442:
441:
437:
434:
431:
428:
424:
420:
419:
418:Ambulance bus
415:
412:
408:
406:
402:
399:
395:
391:
388:
387:
386:
379:
378:ambulance bus
376:
371:
362:
359:
355:
354:ancient times
347:
343:
339:
334:
326:
322:
319:
314:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:pickup trucks
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
151:
145:
141:
137:
136:Ford E-Series
132:
128:
120:
117:
109:
106:December 2023
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
5449:Rescue squad
5403:Spinal board
5327:
5267:Combat medic
5234:Paramedicine
5176:at Wikiquote
5147:. Retrieved
5143:the original
5133:
5121:
5109:. Retrieved
5105:the original
5095:
5074:. Retrieved
5070:the original
5060:
5038:. Retrieved
5034:the original
5024:
5013:
5003:
4991:. Retrieved
4977:
4965:. Retrieved
4951:
4939:. Retrieved
4935:the original
4925:
4916:
4907:
4887:
4880:
4868:. Retrieved
4858:
4846:. Retrieved
4841:
4832:
4820:. Retrieved
4816:the original
4806:
4794:. Retrieved
4790:the original
4780:
4768:. Retrieved
4754:
4742:. Retrieved
4728:
4716:. Retrieved
4702:
4690:. Retrieved
4686:the original
4676:
4664:. Retrieved
4654:
4642:. Retrieved
4638:the original
4628:
4616:. Retrieved
4612:the original
4602:
4590:. Retrieved
4586:the original
4580:
4574:
4565:
4561:
4552:
4525:
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1471:Star of Life
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4265:19 November
4060:19 November
4034:28 December
4008:19 November
3982:19 November
3933:19 November
3903:19 November
3877:19 November
3502:17 December
3241:13 February
2276:El Salvador
2221:laws of war
2158:Palestinian
2106:laws of war
1974:cannulation
1954:Netherlands
1721:siren with
1619:St. Florian
1520:fluorescent
1296:malpractice
1212:police cars
1208:fire trucks
1158:heavy truck
1021:dispatching
873:helicopter
701:Fire engine
457:launched a
453:. In 2008,
302:Crimean War
282:ambulancias
214:motorcycles
65:"Ambulance"
5538:Ambulances
5345:Blood bike
5186:Ambulances
5076:4 February
5040:4 February
4796:1 November
4718:1 November
4692:1 November
4666:1 November
4444:1 November
4293:0240802780
3703:19 October
3671:17 October
3138:18 October
3040:18 October
2966:18 October
2866:. Quadtech
2822:18 October
2796:18 October
2706:18 October
2524:7 February
2303:Khilkhilat
2082:Sd Kfz 251
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1906:palliative
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1778:car radios
1776:system of
1659:light bulb
1639:See also:
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1398:yield sign
1200:seat belts
1096:volatility
1029:power grid
1025:electronic
617:Helicopter
398:golf carts
196:and other
194:paramedics
176:, such as
76:newspapers
5418:Stretcher
5328:Ambulance
5297:Paramedic
5174:Ambulance
4941:6 January
4866:. Inetres
4239:cite book
3837:0020-7292
3375:0307-1235
3211:. NHTSA.
2940:1 January
2339:459611759
2231:Ambulette
2170:anti-tank
2059:Red Cross
2013:Physician
1969:Paramedic
1934:EMT-Basic
1686:headlamps
1562:Red Cross
1527:ambulance
1475:Red Cross
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1240:tail lift
1230:, Austria
1218:Equipment
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1109:Standards
999:, Belgium
856:Feuerwehr
656:lifeguard
652:lifeboats
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268:ambulance
266:The term
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159:ambulance
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5428:Weevac 6
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5050:Archived
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4842:BBC News
4764:Archived
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4712:Archived
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747:Malaysia
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560:sidecars
556:Trailers
498:disaster
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277:ambulare
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170:patients
5333:history
4993:27 June
4967:17 June
4436:. nhs.
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1077:chassis
997:Antwerp
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829:trailer
684:trailer
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666:railway
568:Bicycle
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534:hearses
525:fly-car
380:in 1949
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308:History
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