1397:, Godwin proposed the creation of a more just and free society by abolishing government, concluding that order could be achieved through anarchy. Although he came to be known as a founding father of anarchism, Godwin himself mostly used the word "anarchy" in its negative definition, fearing that an immediate dissolution of government without any prior political development would lead to disorder. Godwin held that the anarchy could be best realised through gradual evolution, by cultivating reason through education, rather than through a sudden and violent revolution. But he also considered transitory anarchy to be preferable to lasting
1460:
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1334:, the danger of violence would be ever-present, as each person could only judge for themselves what is right without any form of arbitration. He thus concluded that human society ought to leave the state of nature behind and submit to the authority of a state. Kant argued that the threat of violence incentivises humans, by the need to preserve their own safety, to leave the state of nature and submit to the state. Based on his "
1372:, argued in favour of anarchist society in a defense of the state of nature. Burke insisted that reason was all that was needed to govern society and that "artificial laws" had been responsible for all social conflict and inequality, which led him to denounce the church and the state. Burke's anti-statist arguments preceded the work of classical anarchists and directly inspired the political philosophy of
1598:
life â the popular revolution â will in good time organize itself, but it will create its revolutionary organization from the bottom up, from the circumference to the center, in accordance with the principle of liberty, and not from the top down or from the center to the circumference in the manner of all authority. It matters little to us if that authority is called
1425:, questioned what form of government was best. He argued that it was passion, not law, that had driven human society forward, concluding by calling for the abolition of law and a return to a state of nature by accepting anarchy. He concluded by declaring anarchy to be the best form of political regime, as it was law that gave rise to
1597:
We do not fear anarchy, we invoke it. For we are convinced that anarchy, meaning the unrestricted manifestation of the liberated life of the people, must spring from liberty, equality, the new social order, and the force of the revolution itself against the reaction. There is no doubt that this new
1588:
Bakunin popularised "anarchy" as a term, using both its negative and positive definitions, in order to respectively describe the disorderly destruction of revolution and the construction of a new social order in the post-revolutionary society. Bakunin envisioned the creation of an "International
1494:
is a positive anarchy it is the liberty that is the MOTHER, not the daughter, of order." While acknowledging this common definition of anarchy as disorder, Proudhon claimed that it was actually authoritarian government and wealth inequality that were the true causes of social disorder. By
1106:, although it later came to be conceived of as its own form of political regime, distinct from any kind of democracy. According to the traditional conception of political regimes, anarchy results when authority is derived from a majority of people who pursue their own interests.
1495:
counterposing this against anarchy, which he defined as an absence of rulers, Proudhon declared that "just as man seeks justice in equality, society seeks order in anarchy". Proudhon based his case for anarchy on his conception of a just and moral state of nature.
1584:
that: "I do not fear anarchy, but desire it with all my heart". Although he still used the negative definition of anarchy as disorder, he nevertheless saw the need for "something different: passion and life and a new world, lawless and thereby free."
1249:
In depicting the "state of nature" to be a free and equal society governed by natural law, Locke distinguished between society and the state. He argued that, without established laws, such a society would be inherently unstable, which would make a
1258:. He likewise argued that limiting the reach of the state was reasonable when peaceful cooperation without a state was possible. His thoughts on the state of nature and limited government ultimately provided the foundation for the
1045:
has described chaos as a "degenerate form of anarchy", in which there is an absence, not just of rulers, but of any kind of political organization. He contrasts the "rule of all" under anarchy with the "rule of none" under chaos.
1510:, Proudhon elaborated his view of anarchy as "the government of each man by himself," using the English term of "self-government" as a synonym for it. According to Proudhon, under anarchy, "all citizens reign and govern" through
1437:
suggested that a stateless society might lead to greater happiness for humankind and has been attributed the maxim "that government is best which governs least". Jefferson's political philosophy later inspired the development of
1414:
came to consider an anarchist society, which he conceived of as a community built on voluntary contracts between educated individuals, to be "infinitely preferred to any State arrangements". The French political philosopher
935:", a thought experiment used to justify various forms of hierarchical government. By the late 18th century, some philosophers began to speak in defence of anarchy, seeing it as a preferable alternative to existing forms of
1294:
defined "anarchy", in terms of the "state of nature", as a lack of government. He discussed the concept of anarchy in order to question why humanity ought to leave the state of nature behind and instead submit to a
1473:
was the first person to describe themself as an anarchist, adopting the label in order to provoke those that took anarchy to mean disorder. Proudhon was one of the first people to use the word "anarchy"
4627:
4617:
1041:. This connection of anarchy with chaos usually assumes that, without government, no means of governance exist and thus that disorder is an unavoidable outcome of anarchy. Sociologist
3272:
Gabay, Clive (2010). "What Did the
Anarchists Ever Do for Us? Anarchy, Decentralization, and Autonomy at the Seattle Anti-WTO Protests". In Jun, Nathan J.; Wahl, Shane (eds.).
1354:
to avoid anarchy and submit to a state. Kant thus concluded that even if people did not desire to leave anarchy, they ought to as a matter of duty to abide by universal laws.
1299:". In contrast to Thomas Hobbes, who conceived of the state of nature as a "war of all against all" which existed throughout the world, Kant considered it to be only a
1318:
While Kant distinguished between different forms of the state of nature, contrasting the "solitary" form against the "social", he held that there was no means of
1049:
Since its conception, anarchy has been used in both a positive and negative sense, respectively describing a free society without coercion or a state of chaos.
1593:. Upon joining the IWA, in 1869, Bakunin drew up a programme for such a Brotherhood, in which he infused the word "anarchy" with a more positive connotation:
840:
1482:) in a positive sense, to mean a free society without government. To Proudhon, as anarchy did not allow coercion, it could be defined synoymously with
4238:
1549:(IWA). Until the establishment of IWA in 1864, there had been no anarchist movement, only individuals and groups that saw anarchy as their end goal.
1242:
considered it to be a harmonious society in which people lived "according to reason, without a common superior". They would be subject only to
4642:
4089:
1439:
4739:
2782:; Candela, Rosolino A. (2020). "The Positive Political Economy of Analytical Anarchism". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.).
1401:, stating that anarchy bore a distorted resemblance to "true liberty" and could eventually give way to "the best form of human society".
983:; where "αΜ" ("an") means "without" and "αÏÏία" ("archia") means "ruler". Therefore, anarchy is fundamentally defined by the absence of
5589:
1338:", he argued that if humans desire to secure their own safety, then they ought to avoid anarchy. But he also argued, according to his "
1546:
57:
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1572:, who adopted his critiques of private property and government, as well as his views on the desirability of anarchy. During the
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1466:, the first person to self-identify with the term "anarchist" and one of the first to redefine "anarchy" in a positive sense
1082:) was first defined in ancient Greece, it initially had both a positive and negative connotation, respectively referring to
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3726:
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5169:
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3306:(2010). "Power and Anarchy: In/equality + In/visibility in Autonomous Politics". In Jun, Nathan J.; Wahl, Shane (eds.).
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1534:. Proudhon believed that all this would eventually lead to anarchy, as individual and collective interests aligned and
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McLaughlin, Paul (2020). "Anarchism, Anarchists and
Anarchy". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.).
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1541:
Proudhon thus came to be known as the "father of anarchy" by the anarchist movement, which emerged from the
1126:. It later came to reconstitute its original political definition, describing a society without government.
915:, where a majority of people exclusively pursue their own interests. This use of the word made its way into
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26:
This article is about the state of government without authority. For the philosophy against authority, see
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1503:
1188:. It was used to describe the disorder that results from the absence of or opposition to authority, with
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53:
4378:
4248:
3085:(2020). "On the Distinction Between State and Anarchy". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.).
1404:
This positive conception of anarchy was soon taken up by other political philosophers. In his 1792 work
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4557:
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3389:(2020). "The Right Anarchy: Capitalist or Socialist?". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.).
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3760:
Verter, Mitchell (2010). "The
Anarchism of the Other Person". In Jun, Nathan J.; Wahl, Shane (eds.).
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considered the state of nature to be a "nightmare of permanent war of all against all". In contrast,
1506:
as an economic form, which he believed would lead towards the end goal of anarchy. In his 1863 work
923:, before the concepts of anarchy and democracy were disconnected from each other in the wake of the
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109:
20:
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1618:. We detest and reject all of them equally as the unfailing sources of exploitation and despotism.
1037:. By this definition, anarchy represents not only an absence of government but also an absence of
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2914:
2736:
Bell, Tom W. (2020). "The
Forecast for Anarchy". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.).
1522:, in which every community is self-governing and any delegation of decision-making is subject to
1335:
1174:
990:
While anarchy specifically represents a society without rulers, it can more generally refer to a
767:
334:
4919:
3018:
McKay, Iain (2018). "Organisation". In Franks, Benjamin; Jun, Nathan; Williams, Leonard (eds.).
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3968:
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3903:
3528:
3303:
2828:; Van Schoelandt, Chad (2020). "Introduction". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.).
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1463:
1339:
1296:
1234:", a hypothetical description of stateless society, although they disagreed on its definition.
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782:
349:
3611:
Shannon, Deric (2018). "Economy". In Franks, Benjamin; Jun, Nathan; Williams, Leonard (eds.).
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Davis, Lawrence (2019). "Individual and
Community". In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.).
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2943:(2019). "Anarchism and the First International". In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.).
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2705:(2018). "Anti-Hierarchy". In Franks, Benjamin; Jun, Nathan; Williams, Leonard (eds.).
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and anarchic revolution that was capable of bringing down bad governments. After the
1170:
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991:
963:
is commonly defined by what it excludes. Etymologically, anarchy is derived from the
865:
772:
493:
324:
276:
104:
37:
1564:, who infused the term "anarchy" with simultaneous positive and negative definitions
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3341:
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3133:
3098:
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2948:
2876:
2841:
2795:
2749:
1599:
1531:
1519:
1434:
1421:
1276:
1207:
1185:
1166:
1119:
1103:
1011:
944:
912:
605:
528:
498:
372:
114:
94:
2909:(2010). "Anarchy in Political Philosophy". In Jun, Nathan J.; Wahl, Shane (eds.).
1589:
Brotherhood", which could lead people through "the thick of popular anarchy" in a
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4909:
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4809:
4804:
4794:
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4206:
3983:
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3520:
3050:
2952:
1669:
1569:
1561:
1523:
1475:
1416:
1331:
1280:
1231:
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816:
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635:
432:
329:
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1514:
in decision-making. He proposed that this could be achieved through a system of
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5604:
4864:
4779:
4689:
4403:
4398:
4388:
4323:
4293:
4008:
3938:
3893:
3873:
3868:
3699:
3682:
3386:
3226:
2702:
1577:
1384:
1373:
1227:
1206:, when democracy took on a positive connotation and was redefined as a form of
1146:
1063:
1026:
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964:
901:
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630:
463:
377:
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4924:
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4834:
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4363:
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309:
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3052:
Anarchism and
Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism
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1751:
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or chaos without rulers. The latter definition was taken by the philosopher
896:, the primary advocates of anarchy, it is viewed negatively by advocates of
5564:
5554:
5029:
4954:
4894:
4869:
4814:
4466:
4428:
4393:
3918:
3853:
3229:(2020). "Anarchy and Law". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.).
3174:(2020). "Kant on Anarchy". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.).
3128:
Prichard, Alex (2019). "Freedom". In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.).
2471:
1654:
1363:
1304:
1130:
984:
861:
730:
657:
651:
625:
620:
596:
586:
523:
412:
232:
156:
3655:
2845:
960:
5034:
5004:
4994:
4949:
4824:
4413:
4368:
4333:
4023:
3933:
3573:
1576:, Bakunin wrote of his hopes of igniting a revolutionary upheaval in the
1243:
1189:
1138:
1134:
1115:
920:
735:
720:
662:
533:
397:
196:
191:
171:
161:
151:
5708:
1098:, who questioned how to prevent democracy from descending into anarchy.
811:
5594:
5579:
5574:
5019:
4491:
4141:
4018:
3988:
3883:
3709:
3145:
1515:
1499:
1347:
1239:
1184:
During the 16th century, the term "anarchy" first came into use in the
1118:, the word "anarchia" came into use in Latin, in order to describe the
1038:
995:
948:
881:
740:
696:
691:
686:
672:
513:
304:
186:
181:
45:
1169:. Although following attempts to establish such a society, the Digger
5634:
5584:
4914:
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4033:
3928:
3822:
3616:
3486:
3398:
3238:
3183:
3094:
3023:
2837:
2791:
2745:
2710:
2074:
2022:
1819:
1695:
1659:
1398:
1327:
1287:, who looked at anarchy as a thought experiment to justify government
1199:
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1007:
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266:
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134:
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73:
27:
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proposing that private property could be used to guarantee anarchy.
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4180:
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2126:
1603:
1491:
1487:
1343:
615:
176:
146:
89:
5720:
3783:
3673:
3634:
3576:(2019). "Postanarchism". In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.).
3329:
3295:
3074:
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2728:
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1568:
One of
Proudhon's keenest students was the Russian revolutionary
1483:
1426:
1308:
1162:
1154:
1142:
936:
897:
884:, it can more precisely refer to societies that lack any form of
857:
417:
244:
16:
Society without authorities or a governing body, against religion
1557:
1379:
4789:
4724:
3752:
2988:
2303:
2301:
581:
3529:"Public choice and the economic analysis of anarchy: a survey"
2114:
1014:
have also defined anarchy more precisely as a society without
5014:
1887:
1087:
916:
3791:
2511:
2298:
1911:
1899:
2678:
2602:
2578:
2566:
2364:
2340:
2246:
1986:
1246:, with otherwise "perfect freedom to order their actions".
2318:
2316:
1998:
2417:
2415:
2328:
2222:
2210:
2186:
2102:
1962:
1526:. He likewise called for the economy to be brought under
1323:
931:, philosophers began to look at anarchy in terms of the "
2554:
2162:
1950:
1928:
1926:
3644:
Anarchy and
Society: Reflections on Anarchist Sociology
3479:
The
Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought
3391:
The
Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought
3231:
The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought
3176:
The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought
3087:
The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought
2830:
The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought
2784:
The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought
2738:
The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought
2638:
2614:
2528:
2526:
2439:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2352:
2313:
2286:
2258:
2234:
2062:
2038:
2010:
1102:
initially understood anarchy to be a corrupted form of
1025:
Anarchy is also often defined synonymously as chaos or
2824:
2487:
2427:
2412:
2138:
2132:
2050:
1974:
1938:
1861:
1741:
1717:
943:, which advocates for the creation of anarchy through
5685:
2666:
2626:
2590:
2499:
2198:
2174:
2090:
1923:
1387:, an early proponent of anarchy as a political regime
1137:
of higher power, with the French Protestant reformer
2523:
2150:
1322:
in such a circumstance. He considered that, without
998:. Anarchy is thus defined in direct contrast to the
1835:
1077:
978:
1683:
939:. This lay the foundations for the development of
1357:
5733:
3580:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 293â304.
3446:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 125â148.
2984:Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism
2947:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 325â342.
1198:. Initially used as a pejorative descriptor for
1192:writing of "the waste/Wide anarchy of Chaos" in
911:, which understood it to be a corrupted form of
3519:
1202:, the two terms began to diverge following the
1145:was preferable to anarchy. The Scottish Quaker
3641:
3132:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 71â89.
2875:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 47â70.
2778:
1893:
1873:
1857:
1809:
1785:
872:, which are centralised polities that claim a
3807:
1109:
834:
1440:individualist anarchism in the United States
1271:
3442:. In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.).
3336:
2905:
1968:
1956:
1917:
1905:
1745:
1721:
1701:
1217:
1165:advocated for anarchist societies based on
5590:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism
3814:
3800:
3476:
3048:
2481:
2465:
2334:
2280:
1829:
841:
827:
3708:
3698:
1129:Christian theologists came to claim that
1052:
58:List of countries by system of government
3683:"The Common Ground of Law and Anarchism"
3642:Shantz, Jeff; Williams, Dana M. (2013).
3127:
2977:
2684:
2660:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2608:
2584:
2572:
2544:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2477:
2457:
2445:
2433:
2421:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2346:
2322:
2307:
2292:
2276:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2144:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2080:
2044:
2032:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1944:
1932:
1825:
1757:
1725:
1705:
1556:
1458:
1378:
1275:
907:The word "anarchy" was first defined by
3680:
3610:
1254:necessary in order to protect people's
1057:
5734:
4593:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA
3759:
3725:
3572:
3385:
3302:
3170:
3081:
2939:
2701:
2672:
2656:
2596:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2084:
2068:
1881:
1877:
1841:
1813:
1793:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1761:
1547:International Workingmen's Association
1141:declaring that even the worst form of
3795:
3271:
3225:
3017:
2870:
2560:
2548:
2532:
2461:
2056:
2028:
1729:
3431:
2735:
1853:
1805:
1781:
1689:
1449:
13:
3578:The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism
3444:The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism
3218:
3130:The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism
2945:The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism
2873:The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism
2133:Chartier & Van Schoelandt 2020
1862:Chartier & Van Schoelandt 2020
1742:Chartier & Van Schoelandt 2020
1718:Chartier & Van Schoelandt 2020
1307:drove people to not only seek out
1094:as "anarchical", and his disciple
14:
5758:
3681:Tamblyn, Nathan (30 April 2019).
1131:all humans were inherently sinful
868:, it is commonly contrasted with
5719:
5707:
5695:
5654:
4628:International Conference of Rome
4618:International Conference of Rome
3613:Anarchism: A Conceptual Approach
3020:Anarchism: A Conceptual Approach
2707:Anarchism: A Conceptual Approach
1635:Criticisms of electoral politics
1369:A Vindication of Natural Society
1311:but also to attempt to attain a
1149:also denounced the "anarchy" of
810:
3437:"Anarchism and Cosmopolitanism"
2694:
1645:List of anarchist organizations
1002:, an institution that claims a
4740:Australian Anarchist Centenary
4665:German Revolution of 1918â1919
3731:Community, Anarchy and Liberty
1502:as an organizational form and
1383:English political philosopher
1358:Defense of the state of nature
1222:Political philosophers of the
519:Intergovernmental organisation
474:Separation of church and state
1:
4379:Decentralized planned economy
3821:
3762:New Perspectives on Anarchism
3308:New Perspectives on Anarchism
3274:New Perspectives on Anarchism
2911:New Perspectives on Anarchism
1676:
1580:, writing to the German poet
954:
892:. While viewed positively by
3974:Proletarian internationalism
3586:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_17
3350:Journal of Political Economy
2953:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_19
1313:superior hierarchical status
316:(socio-political ideologies)
7:
4675:1919 United States bombings
3452:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_7
3342:"Anarchy and its Breakdown"
3138:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_4
2881:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_3
1622:
1454:
1230:with what they called the "
1212:representational government
1133:and ought to submit to the
1078:
979:
384:(socio-economic ideologies)
54:List of forms of government
10:
5763:
5630:Situationist International
4700:Spanish Revolution of 1936
4558:Self-managed social center
3735:Cambridge University Press
3700:10.1007/s10991-019-09223-1
1894:Boettke & Candela 2020
1874:Boettke & Candela 2020
1858:Boettke & Candela 2020
1810:Boettke & Candela 2020
1786:Boettke & Candela 2020
1616:revolutionary Dictatorship
1552:
1417:Donatien Alphonse François
1407:The Limits of State Action
1110:Post-classical development
25:
18:
5649:
5534:
5094:
5044:
4769:
4755:Really Really Free Market
4750:1999 Seattle WTO protests
4572:
4444:
4352:
4316:
4269:
4192:
4123:
4114:
4064:
4039:Temporary autonomous zone
3964:Permanent autonomous zone
3899:Consensus decision-making
3829:
3550:10.1007/s11127-009-9407-1
3049:McLaughlin, Paul (2007).
1272:Kant's thought experiment
1067:
1062:When the word "anarchy" (
968:
900:, who see it in terms of
505:(geo-cultural ideologies)
4745:Carnival Against Capital
4670:Bavarian Soviet Republic
4659:Manifesto of the Sixteen
4553:Radical environmentalism
4502:Independent Media Center
4434:Workers' self-management
3879:Autonomous social center
3766:Rowman & Littlefield
3407:10.4324/9781315185255-24
3312:Rowman & Littlefield
3278:Rowman & Littlefield
3247:10.4324/9781315185255-20
2915:Rowman & Littlefield
2800:10.4324/9781315185255-15
2754:10.4324/9781315185255-22
1218:Enlightenment philosophy
1173:came to advocate for an
1100:Ancient Greek philosophy
909:Ancient Greek philosophy
21:Anarchy (disambiguation)
4374:Cost the limit of price
3495:10.4324/9781315185255-1
3192:10.4324/9781315185255-7
3103:10.4324/9781315185255-3
2663:, pp. 5, 285, 306.
1490:, he claimed that "the
1342:", that it is not only
1336:hypothetical imperative
994:, or a society without
768:Administrative division
712:International relations
5170:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3979:Propaganda of the deed
3969:Prefigurative politics
3959:Participatory politics
3904:Conscientious objector
3083:Morris, Christopher W.
2123:, pp. 13â14, 129.
1620:
1565:
1530:, which would abolish
1479:
1471:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
1467:
1464:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
1388:
1340:categorical imperative
1288:
1053:Conceptual development
5620:Libertarian socialism
4735:Kate Sharpley Library
4710:Red inverted triangle
4653:High Treason Incident
4643:Congress of Amsterdam
4049:Voluntary association
3859:Anti-authoritarianism
3849:Anarchist criminology
3844:Anarchist Black Cross
3656:10.1163/9789004252998
2846:10.4324/9781315185255
1640:Libertarian socialism
1630:Anti-Authoritarianism
1595:
1560:
1543:libertarian socialist
1508:The Federal Principle
1486:. In arguing against
1462:
1382:
1303:. Kant believed that
1297:legitimate government
1279:
1010:. Anarchists such as
778:Democratic transition
641:Self-governing colony
238:Military dictatorship
5661:Anarchism portal
5065:Fictional characters
4548:Radical cheerleading
3687:Liverpool Law Review
3619:. pp. 142â154.
3525:Stringham, Edward P.
3401:. pp. 342â359.
3280:. pp. 121â132.
3241:. pp. 281â294.
3026:. pp. 115â128.
2907:Dupuis-DĂ©ri, Francis
2794:. pp. 222â234.
2748:. pp. 309â324.
2520:, pp. 252, 254.
2464:, pp. 118â119;
2310:, pp. 214, 488.
1665:Relationship anarchy
1650:Outline of anarchism
1608:constitutional State
1528:industrial democracy
1512:direct participation
1442:, with contemporary
1419:, in his 1797 novel
1412:Wilhelm von Humboldt
1352:political obligation
1320:distributive justice
1224:Age of Enlightenment
1204:Atlantic Revolutions
1058:Classical philosophy
1004:monopoly on violence
929:Age of Enlightenment
925:Atlantic Revolutions
874:monopoly on violence
19:For other uses, see
5610:Left-libertarianism
4685:Kronstadt rebellion
4623:Trial of the Thirty
4588:Revolutions of 1848
4530:No gods, no masters
4339:Synthesis anarchism
4329:Anarcho-syndicalism
4317:Types of federation
3186:. pp. 99â111.
2687:, pp. 281â282.
2611:, pp. 269â270.
2587:, pp. 235â236.
2575:, pp. 254â255.
2563:, pp. 120â121.
2480:, pp. 5, 239;
2460:, pp. 5, 239;
2373:, pp. 146â147.
2349:, pp. 154â155.
2283:, pp. 117â118.
2255:, pp. 133â134.
2231:, pp. 107â109.
2219:, pp. 101â102.
2195:, pp. 100â101.
1995:, pp. 106â107.
1732:, pp. 118â119.
1574:Revolutions of 1848
1431:American Revolution
1159:radical Protestants
1043:Francis Dupuis-DĂ©ri
880:. Beyond a lack of
817:Politics portal
702:Supranational union
611:Dependent territory
524:National government
5560:Anti-globalization
5230:Dominican Republic
5055:Anarcho-punk bands
4715:Labadie Collection
4705:Barcelona May Days
4608:Cantonal rebellion
4542:Property is theft!
4508:The Internationale
4462:Anarchist bookfair
4261:Without adjectives
4116:Schools of thought
3768:. pp. 67â84.
3489:. pp. 15â27.
3314:. pp. 39â66.
3097:. pp. 39â52.
3057:Ashgate Publishing
2979:Marshall, Peter H.
2713:. pp. 15â27.
2171:, pp. 99â100.
2087:, pp. 99â100.
2031:, pp. 59â60;
2007:, pp. 98â100.
1880:, pp. 39â40;
1792:, pp. 39â42;
1728:, pp. 19â20;
1612:bourgeois Republic
1566:
1468:
1444:right-libertarians
1389:
1301:thought experiment
1289:
1252:limited government
1175:authoritarian form
1092:Athenian democracy
5683:
5682:
5640:Spontaneous order
5570:Anti-war movement
5075:Jewish anarchists
4583:French Revolution
4536:Popular education
4312:
4311:
4029:Spontaneous order
3889:Classless society
3775:978-0-7391-3240-1
3665:978-90-04-21496-5
3626:978-1-138-92565-6
3338:Hirshleifer, Jack
3321:978-0-7391-3240-1
3287:978-0-7391-3240-1
3066:978-0-7546-6196-2
3033:978-1-138-92565-6
3002:978-0-00-686245-1
2924:978-0-7391-3240-1
2917:. pp. 9â24.
2840:. pp. 1â12.
2780:Boettke, Peter J.
2720:978-1-138-92565-6
2111:, pp. 13â14.
2071:, pp. 39â40.
2059:, pp. 59â60.
1920:, pp. 17â18.
1908:, pp. 16â17.
1816:, pp. 43â45.
1748:, pp. 14â15.
1591:social revolution
1536:spontaneous order
1498:Proudhon posited
1450:Anarchist thought
1394:Political Justice
1391:In his 1793 book
1260:classical liberal
1171:Gerard Winstanley
1120:eternal existence
1090:, who criticised
1084:spontaneous order
1076:
1029:, reflecting the
992:stateless society
977:
876:over a permanent
866:stateless society
851:
850:
802:
801:
773:Democracy indices
748:
747:
551:
550:
360:Semi-presidential
285:
284:
5754:
5747:Economic systems
5742:Anarchist theory
5724:
5723:
5712:
5711:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5691:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5550:Anti-consumerism
5545:Anti-corporatism
4695:Amakasu Incident
4638:Strandza Commune
4613:Haymarket affair
4514:Jewish anarchism
4456:A las Barricadas
4424:Social ownership
4409:Market socialism
4384:Free association
4344:Union of egoists
4121:
4120:
4054:Workers' council
4044:Union of egoists
4004:Security culture
3914:Decentralization
3909:Critique of work
3816:
3809:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3756:
3722:
3712:
3702:
3677:
3638:
3607:
3569:
3544:(3â4): 503â538.
3533:
3521:Powell, Benjamin
3516:
3473:
3441:
3428:
3382:
3346:
3333:
3299:
3268:
3213:
3167:
3124:
3078:
3045:
3014:
2993:Harper Perennial
2974:
2936:
2902:
2867:
2821:
2775:
2732:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2475:
2469:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2311:
2305:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1969:Dupuis-DĂ©ri 2010
1966:
1960:
1957:Dupuis-DĂ©ri 2010
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1921:
1918:Dupuis-DĂ©ri 2010
1915:
1909:
1906:Dupuis-DĂ©ri 2010
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1871:
1865:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1823:
1817:
1803:
1797:
1775:
1769:
1755:
1749:
1746:Dupuis-DĂ©ri 2010
1739:
1733:
1722:Dupuis-DĂ©ri 2010
1715:
1709:
1702:Dupuis-DĂ©ri 2010
1699:
1693:
1687:
1532:private property
1524:immediate recall
1520:decentralisation
1435:Thomas Jefferson
1186:English language
1167:common ownership
1104:direct democracy
1081:
1071:
1069:
1012:Errico Malatesta
982:
972:
970:
945:decentralisation
913:direct democracy
843:
836:
829:
815:
814:
762:
761:
606:Associated state
564:
563:
539:Internationalism
529:World government
506:
385:
317:
298:
297:
272:Free association
259:
220:
139:
82:
70:
69:
33:
32:
5762:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5718:
5706:
5696:
5694:
5686:
5684:
5679:
5655:
5653:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5600:Labour movement
5530:
5529:
5528:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5040:
5039:
5038:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:Occupy movement
4633:Ferrer movement
4568:
4567:
4566:
4482:Escuela Moderna
4440:
4439:
4438:
4348:
4308:
4265:
4229:Insurrectionary
4188:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4060:
4059:
4058:
3984:Refusal of work
3869:Anti-militarism
3864:Anti-capitalism
3825:
3820:
3790:
3776:
3745:
3727:Taylor, Michael
3666:
3627:
3596:
3531:
3505:
3462:
3439:
3417:
3387:Huemer, Michael
3344:
3322:
3288:
3257:
3227:Crowe, Jonathan
3221:
3219:Further reading
3216:
3202:
3156:
3113:
3067:
3034:
3003:
2963:
2925:
2891:
2856:
2810:
2764:
2721:
2703:Amster, Randall
2697:
2692:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2659:, p. 330;
2655:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2547:, p. 252;
2543:
2539:
2531:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2482:McLaughlin 2007
2476:
2472:
2466:McLaughlin 2007
2456:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2335:McLaughlin 2007
2333:
2329:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2281:McLaughlin 2007
2279:, p. 206;
2275:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1876:, p. 226;
1872:
1868:
1860:, p. 226;
1856:, p. 309;
1852:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1830:McLaughlin 2007
1824:
1820:
1812:, p. 226;
1808:, p. 310;
1804:
1800:
1788:, p. 226;
1784:, p. 310;
1776:
1772:
1756:
1752:
1740:
1736:
1716:
1712:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1670:State of nature
1625:
1570:Mikhail Bakunin
1562:Mikhail Bakunin
1555:
1545:faction of the
1457:
1452:
1360:
1332:law enforcement
1281:German idealist
1274:
1232:state of nature
1226:contrasted the
1220:
1157:. In contrast,
1112:
1060:
1055:
1033:as depicted by
1031:state of nature
1027:social disorder
957:
933:state of nature
902:social disorder
864:. As a type of
847:
809:
804:
803:
790:Democratisation
783:Autocratization
759:
751:
750:
749:
706:
667:
646:Tributary state
636:Satellite state
591:
561:
560:Power structure
553:
552:
504:
503:
485:
456:
442:
433:Totalitarianism
383:
382:
364:
315:
314:
295:
287:
286:
281:
257:
249:
214:
206:
137:
129:
76:
67:
66:Source of power
44:Basic forms of
38:Politics series
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5760:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5729:
5728:
5716:
5704:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5615:Libertarianism
5612:
5607:
5605:Left communism
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:Related topics
5532:
5531:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5505:United Kingdom
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5220:Czech Republic
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4875:GonzĂĄlez Prada
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4690:Makhnovshchina
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:Hague Congress
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4538:
4533:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4404:Labour voucher
4401:
4399:Give-away shop
4396:
4391:
4389:General strike
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4324:Affinity group
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4294:Post-anarchist
4291:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4217:Social ecology
4214:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4194:Post-classical
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4173:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4129:
4127:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4014:Social ecology
4011:
4009:Self-ownership
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3939:Horizontalidad
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3894:Class struggle
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3874:Affinity group
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3796:
3789:
3788:
3774:
3757:
3743:
3723:
3678:
3664:
3639:
3625:
3608:
3595:978-3319756196
3594:
3570:
3517:
3503:
3474:
3461:978-3319756196
3460:
3429:
3415:
3383:
3363:10.1086/261974
3334:
3320:
3300:
3286:
3269:
3255:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3200:
3172:Sensen, Oliver
3168:
3155:978-3319756196
3154:
3125:
3111:
3079:
3065:
3046:
3032:
3015:
3001:
2975:
2962:978-3319756196
2961:
2941:Graham, Robert
2937:
2923:
2903:
2890:978-3319756196
2889:
2868:
2854:
2826:Chartier, Gary
2822:
2808:
2776:
2762:
2733:
2719:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2677:
2675:, p. 330.
2665:
2649:
2647:, p. 265.
2637:
2625:
2623:, p. 271.
2613:
2601:
2599:, p. 326.
2589:
2577:
2565:
2553:
2551:, p. 120.
2537:
2535:, p. 120.
2522:
2510:
2498:
2486:
2484:, p. 137.
2470:
2468:, p. 137.
2450:
2448:, p. 239.
2438:
2426:
2411:
2409:, p. 234.
2399:
2397:, p. 497.
2387:
2385:, p. 147.
2375:
2363:
2361:, p. 146.
2351:
2339:
2337:, p. 132.
2327:
2325:, p. 214.
2312:
2297:
2295:, p. 488.
2285:
2269:
2267:, p. 134.
2257:
2245:
2243:, p. 133.
2233:
2221:
2209:
2207:, p. 101.
2197:
2185:
2183:, p. 100.
2173:
2161:
2149:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2073:
2061:
2049:
2047:, p. 487.
2037:
2035:, p. 487.
2021:
2019:, p. 100.
2009:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1896:, p. 226.
1886:
1866:
1846:
1834:
1828:, p. 42;
1818:
1798:
1780:, p. 15;
1770:
1764:, p. 40;
1750:
1734:
1724:, p. 13;
1710:
1704:, p. 13;
1694:
1692:, p. 310.
1681:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1578:Russian Empire
1554:
1551:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1385:William Godwin
1374:William Godwin
1359:
1356:
1330:and means for
1273:
1270:
1256:natural rights
1219:
1216:
1147:Robert Barclay
1111:
1108:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
959:As a concept,
956:
953:
849:
848:
846:
845:
838:
831:
823:
820:
819:
806:
805:
800:
799:
798:
797:
795:Hybrid regimes
792:
787:
786:
785:
775:
770:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:
746:
745:
744:
743:
738:
733:
728:
726:Regional power
723:
715:
714:
708:
707:
705:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
676:
675:
669:
668:
666:
665:
660:
655:
648:
643:
638:
633:
631:Puppet monarch
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
600:
599:
593:
592:
590:
589:
584:
579:
571:
570:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
549:
548:
547:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
508:
507:
502:
501:
496:
490:
487:
486:
484:
483:
482:
481:
476:
466:
464:State religion
458:
457:
455:
454:
451:
447:
444:
443:
441:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
387:
386:
381:
380:
375:
369:
366:
365:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
335:Constitutional
332:
327:
319:
318:
313:
312:
307:
301:
296:
294:Power ideology
293:
292:
289:
288:
283:
282:
280:
279:
274:
269:
261:
260:
258:(rule by none)
251:
250:
248:
247:
242:
241:
240:
230:
222:
221:
208:
207:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
141:
140:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
110:Representative
107:
102:
97:
92:
84:
83:
68:
65:
64:
61:
60:
49:
48:
41:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5759:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5703:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5651:
5648:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5510:United States
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5270:French Guiana
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4680:Biennio Rosso
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4598:Paris Commune
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4419:Mutual credit
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:Communization
4362:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4154:Philosophical
4152:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4132:Individualist
4130:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4075:Animal rights
4073:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Individualism
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Direct action
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3744:0-521-24621-0
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3537:Public Choice
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3504:9781315185255
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3416:9781315185255
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3256:9781315185255
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3201:9781315185255
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3112:9781315185255
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3058:
3055:. Aldershot:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2855:9781315185255
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2809:9781315185255
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2763:9781315185255
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2686:
2685:Marshall 2008
2681:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2661:Marshall 2008
2658:
2653:
2646:
2645:Marshall 2008
2641:
2634:
2633:Marshall 2008
2629:
2622:
2621:Marshall 2008
2617:
2610:
2609:Marshall 2008
2605:
2598:
2593:
2586:
2585:Marshall 2008
2581:
2574:
2573:Marshall 2008
2569:
2562:
2557:
2550:
2546:
2545:Marshall 2008
2541:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2519:
2518:Marshall 2008
2514:
2507:
2506:Marshall 2008
2502:
2496:, p. 39.
2495:
2494:Marshall 2008
2490:
2483:
2479:
2478:Marshall 2008
2474:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2458:Marshall 2008
2454:
2447:
2446:Marshall 2008
2442:
2436:, p. 84.
2435:
2434:Prichard 2019
2430:
2424:, p. 71.
2423:
2422:Prichard 2019
2418:
2416:
2408:
2407:Marshall 2008
2403:
2396:
2395:Marshall 2008
2391:
2384:
2383:Marshall 2008
2379:
2372:
2371:Marshall 2008
2367:
2360:
2359:Marshall 2008
2355:
2348:
2347:Marshall 2008
2343:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2323:Marshall 2008
2319:
2317:
2309:
2308:Marshall 2008
2304:
2302:
2294:
2293:Marshall 2008
2289:
2282:
2278:
2277:Marshall 2008
2273:
2266:
2265:Marshall 2008
2261:
2254:
2253:Marshall 2008
2249:
2242:
2241:Marshall 2008
2237:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2194:
2189:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2159:, p. 99.
2158:
2153:
2147:, p. 14.
2146:
2145:Marshall 2008
2141:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2121:Marshall 2008
2117:
2110:
2109:Marshall 2008
2105:
2098:
2097:Marshall 2008
2093:
2086:
2083:, p. x;
2082:
2081:Marshall 2008
2077:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2045:Marshall 2008
2041:
2034:
2033:Marshall 2008
2030:
2025:
2018:
2017:Marshall 2008
2013:
2006:
2005:Marshall 2008
2001:
1994:
1993:Marshall 2008
1989:
1983:, p. 74.
1982:
1981:Marshall 2008
1977:
1971:, p. 11.
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1947:, p. 66.
1946:
1945:Marshall 2008
1941:
1934:
1933:Marshall 2008
1929:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1895:
1890:
1884:, p. 99.
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1844:, p. 23.
1843:
1838:
1832:, p. 12.
1831:
1827:
1826:Marshall 2008
1822:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1796:, p. 99.
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1768:, p. 99.
1767:
1763:
1760:, p. 3;
1759:
1758:Marshall 2008
1754:
1747:
1744:, p. 1;
1743:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1726:Marshall 2008
1723:
1720:, p. 1;
1719:
1714:
1707:
1706:Marshall 2008
1703:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1582:Georg Herwegh
1579:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1538:is achieved.
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1366:'s 1756 work
1365:
1362:In contrast,
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1292:Immanuel Kant
1286:
1285:Immanuel Kant
1282:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1265:laissez-faire
1262:argument for
1261:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:Thomas Hobbes
1233:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1195:Paradise Lost
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1124:Christian God
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1065:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:Thomas Hobbes
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1006:over a given
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
986:
981:
975:
966:
962:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
927:. During the
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:is a form of
855:
844:
839:
837:
832:
830:
825:
824:
822:
821:
818:
813:
808:
807:
796:
793:
791:
788:
784:
781:
780:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:
755:
754:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
717:
716:
713:
710:
709:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
682:Confederation
680:
679:
678:
677:
674:
671:
670:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
653:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
601:
598:
595:
594:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
577:Unitary state
575:
574:
573:
572:
569:
566:
565:
557:
556:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
509:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
489:
488:
480:
479:State atheism
477:
475:
472:
471:
470:
469:Secular state
467:
465:
462:
461:
460:
459:
452:
449:
448:
446:
445:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
389:
388:
379:
376:
374:
373:Authoritarian
371:
370:
368:
367:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Parliamentary
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
320:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
300:
299:
291:
290:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
262:
256:
253:
252:
246:
243:
239:
236:
235:
234:
231:
229:
226:
225:
224:
223:
218:
213:
210:
209:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
144:
143:
142:
138:(rule by few)
136:
133:
132:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
86:
85:
80:
75:
72:
71:
63:
62:
59:
56:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
29:
22:
5673:
5666:
5652:
5565:Anti-statism
5555:Anti-fascism
5460:South Africa
4960:Pi i Margall
4657:
4506:
4467:Anarcho-punk
4454:
4429:Wage slavery
4394:Gift economy
4289:Postcolonial
4271:Contemporary
4224:Independence
4171:Collectivist
4090:Love and sex
3919:Deep ecology
3854:Anationalism
3761:
3730:
3693:(1): 65â78.
3690:
3686:
3643:
3612:
3577:
3574:Newman, Saul
3541:
3535:
3478:
3443:
3390:
3357:(1): 26â52.
3354:
3348:
3307:
3273:
3230:
3175:
3129:
3086:
3051:
3019:
2982:
2944:
2910:
2872:
2829:
2783:
2737:
2706:
2695:Bibliography
2680:
2668:
2652:
2640:
2635:, p. 5.
2628:
2616:
2604:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2556:
2540:
2513:
2508:, p. 7.
2501:
2489:
2473:
2453:
2441:
2429:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2342:
2330:
2288:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2152:
2140:
2135:, p. 3.
2128:
2116:
2104:
2099:, p. x.
2092:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1959:, p. 9.
1952:
1940:
1935:, p. 3.
1913:
1901:
1889:
1869:
1864:, p. 1.
1849:
1837:
1821:
1801:
1773:
1753:
1737:
1713:
1708:, p. 3.
1697:
1685:
1655:Power vacuum
1596:
1587:
1567:
1540:
1507:
1497:
1469:
1420:
1405:
1403:
1392:
1390:
1367:
1364:Edmund Burke
1361:
1317:
1305:human nature
1290:
1283:philosopher
1263:
1248:
1221:
1193:
1183:
1161:such as the
1153:such as the
1128:
1113:
1061:
1048:
1024:
989:
958:
906:
853:
852:
731:Middle power
658:Vassal state
652:Buffer state
650:
626:Puppet state
621:Protectorate
597:Client state
587:Principality
413:Distributism
355:Presidential
254:
233:Dictatorship
157:Gerontocracy
79:rule by many
52:
36:Part of the
5475:Switzerland
5435:Puerto Rico
5420:Philippines
5385:New Zealand
5380:Netherlands
5250:El Salvador
5085:Periodicals
4648:Tragic Week
4519:Lifestylism
4414:Mutual bank
4369:Cooperative
4334:Platformism
4284:Free-market
4212:Primitivist
4095:Nationalism
4024:Somatherapy
3934:Freethought
3710:10871/36939
3304:Gordon, Uri
3146:10871/32538
2673:Graham 2019
2657:Graham 2019
2597:Graham 2019
2229:Sensen 2020
2217:Sensen 2020
2205:Sensen 2020
2193:Sensen 2020
2181:Sensen 2020
2169:Sensen 2020
2157:Sensen 2020
2085:Sensen 2020
2069:Morris 2020
1882:Sensen 2020
1878:Morris 2020
1842:Amster 2018
1814:Morris 2020
1794:Sensen 2020
1790:Morris 2020
1778:Amster 2018
1766:Sensen 2020
1762:Morris 2020
1346:but also a
1244:natural law
1190:John Milton
1139:John Calvin
1135:omnipotence
1116:Middle Ages
1114:During the
921:Middle Ages
919:during the
736:Great power
721:Small power
663:Viceroyalty
534:Nationalism
398:Colonialism
378:Libertarian
340:Directorial
217:rule by one
197:Technocracy
192:Stratocracy
172:Meritocracy
162:Kleptocracy
152:Aristocracy
5736:Categories
5595:Dual Power
5580:Autonomism
5575:Autarchism
5235:East Timor
5205:Costa Rica
5150:Bangladesh
5145:Azerbaijan
4855:Feyerabend
4492:Freeganism
4142:Illegalist
4080:Capitalism
4019:Sociocracy
3989:Revolution
3954:Mutual aid
3884:Black bloc
3784:2009015304
3674:2013033844
3635:2017044519
3433:Levy, Carl
3330:2009015304
3296:2009015304
3075:2007007973
3042:2017044519
2933:2009015304
2729:2017044519
2561:McKay 2018
2549:McKay 2018
2533:McKay 2018
2462:McKay 2018
2057:Davis 2019
2029:Davis 2019
1730:McKay 2018
1677:References
1614:, or even
1516:federalism
1500:federalism
1240:John Locke
1151:libertines
1039:governance
996:government
955:Definition
949:federalism
894:anarchists
882:government
741:Superpower
697:Superstate
692:Federation
687:Devolution
673:Federalism
514:City-state
187:Plutocracy
182:Particracy
46:government
5702:Anarchism
5635:Socialism
5585:Communism
5520:Venezuela
5455:Singapore
5390:Nicaragua
5315:Indonesia
5295:Hong Kong
5290:Guatemala
5135:Australia
5125:Argentina
5096:By region
5080:Musicians
4985:SantillĂĄn
4935:Malatesta
4905:Kropotkin
4885:Guillaume
4563:Symbolism
4477:DIY ethic
4354:Economics
4299:Post-left
4244:Christian
4239:Religious
4176:Communist
4161:Mutualist
4125:Classical
4085:Education
4034:Squatting
3994:Rewilding
3929:Free love
3823:Anarchism
3719:155131683
3617:Routledge
3604:158605651
3566:189842170
3558:1573-7101
3513:228898569
3487:Routledge
3470:158605651
3425:228898569
3399:Routledge
3379:154997658
3371:1537-534X
3265:228898569
3239:Routledge
3210:228898569
3184:Routledge
3164:158605651
3121:228898569
3095:Routledge
3024:Routledge
3011:218212571
2981:(2008) .
2971:158605651
2899:158605651
2864:228898569
2838:Routledge
2818:228898569
2792:Routledge
2772:228898569
2746:Routledge
2711:Routledge
1854:Bell 2020
1806:Bell 2020
1782:Bell 2020
1690:Bell 2020
1660:Rebellion
1504:mutualism
1399:despotism
1328:judiciary
1200:democracy
1179:communism
1096:Aristotle
1073:romanized
1020:hierarchy
1016:authority
1008:territory
974:romanized
941:anarchism
890:hierarchy
886:authority
878:territory
568:Unitarism
544:Globalism
450:Religious
438:Tribalism
428:Socialism
423:Feudalism
408:Despotism
403:Communism
393:Anarchism
330:Communist
277:Stateless
267:Anarchism
228:Despotism
212:Autocracy
202:Theocracy
167:Kritarchy
135:Oligarchy
120:Socialist
74:Democracy
28:Anarchism
5714:Politics
5668:Category
5430:Portugal
5410:Paraguay
5370:Mongolia
5355:Malaysia
5200:Colombia
5180:Bulgaria
4970:Proudhon
4930:Maksimov
4910:Landauer
4860:Giovanni
4810:Bookchin
4725:May 1968
4497:Infoshop
4249:Buddhist
4234:Pacifist
4202:Feminist
4181:Magonist
4149:Naturist
4105:Violence
4100:Religion
3999:Sabotage
3831:Concepts
3729:(1982).
3527:(2009).
3483:New York
3435:(2019).
3395:New York
3340:(1995).
3235:New York
3180:New York
3091:New York
2834:New York
2788:New York
2742:New York
1623:See also
1604:Monarchy
1492:Republic
1488:monarchy
1480:anarchie
1455:Proudhon
1422:Juliette
1079:anarchia
980:anarchia
860:without
616:Dominion
345:Legalist
325:Absolute
310:Republic
305:Monarchy
177:Noocracy
147:Anocracy
100:Economic
90:Demarchy
5726:Society
5688:Portals
5675:Outline
5625:Marxism
5525:Vietnam
5515:Uruguay
5500:Ukraine
5490:Tunisia
5440:Romania
5395:Nigeria
5375:Morocco
5325:Ireland
5305:Iceland
5300:Hungary
5280:Germany
5275:Georgia
5260:Finland
5255:Estonia
5240:Ecuador
5225:Denmark
5210:Croatia
5165:Bolivia
5160:Belgium
5155:Belarus
5140:Austria
5130:Armenia
5120:Andorra
5115:Algeria
5110:Albania
5030:Yarchuk
5005:Tolstoy
5000:Thoreau
4995:Stirner
4990:Spooner
4955:Parsons
4880:Graeber
4870:Goldman
4830:Durruti
4815:Chomsky
4805:Bonanno
4800:Berkman
4795:Bakunin
4574:History
4524:May Day
4446:Culture
3840:Anarchy
3753:82-1173
1553:Bakunin
1484:liberty
1427:tyranny
1344:prudent
1309:society
1208:elected
1163:Diggers
1155:Ranters
1143:tyranny
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961:anarchy
937:tyranny
898:statism
858:society
854:Anarchy
758:Related
453:Secular
418:Fascism
255:Anarchy
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105:Liberal
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5485:Taiwan
5470:Sweden
5450:Serbia
5445:Russia
5425:Poland
5405:Panama
5400:Norway
5365:Monaco
5360:Mexico
5350:Latvia
5330:Israel
5285:Greece
5265:France
5185:Canada
5175:Brazil
5105:Africa
5035:Zerzan
5025:Warren
5010:Tucker
4980:Rocker
4975:Reclus
4965:Pouget
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985:rulers
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5480:Syria
5465:Spain
5345:Korea
5340:Japan
5335:Italy
5310:India
5245:Egypt
5195:China
5190:Chile
5070:Films
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2895:S2CID
2860:S2CID
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2768:S2CID
1348:moral
1228:state
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1064:Greek
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