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488:. They live singly or in pairs, rather than in herds like most cattle, except when the cows are about to give birth. Little is known about their life history as well. However, in captive individuals, they have a life expectancy of 20–30 years. The anoa take two to three years before they reach sexual maturity have one calf a year and have very rarely been seen to have more.
616:
to have darker variations. Hair thickness varies slightly between the two species based on elevation and distribution. In both species of anoa, horns are present in both males and females and are typically straight protuberances. Another defining characteristic of the anoa is an extremely thick hide underneath the thick fur.
615:
The physical characteristics of the two species are similar. The anoa is the smallest of the wild cattle species. When anoa are born, they have a set of thick, woolly fur that comes in many color variations ranging from yellow to brown. In adults, the fur is typically brown or black, and males tend
549:
464:
are peculiar for their upright direction and comparative straightness, although they have the same triangular section as in other buffaloes. White spots are sometimes present below the eyes and there may be white markings on the legs and back; the absence or presence of these white markings may be
603:
Traditionally, a key difference between the two species is the altitude at which they occur. The mountain anoa can be found at higher elevations than its lowland counterpart and is found in the forests. The lowland anoa was said to spend its time in the lower elevation areas and is also found in
632:
also being significant. One benefit of the lack of knowledge about the legal status of what they are doing is that villagers are open to communication with researchers on their harvests and hunting practices; where awareness of conservation issues has penetrated, villagers will lie about their
624:
Both anoa species are endemic to the island of
Sulawesi and are currently experiencing large declines in their populations. Knowledge of their decline has only recently been documented, however, and the villages and villagers lack the knowledge of how to help maintain or increase populations.
577:
hair that moults every year, showing faint spots on the head, neck, and limbs. According to Groves (1969), the mountain anoa can be told apart from the other species by being smaller, having a round horn cross-section, thick and woolly hair, and sometimes having white markings on the face and
636:
Logging is a large issue because both species prefer core forested habitats that are far away from humans and the influences that come with them. By logging, humans create much more fragmented habitats and, therefore, a decrease in the area where the anoa can breed and live. This
754:
Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Hakim, Budianto; Burhan, Basran; Sardi, Ratno; Adhityatama, Shinatria; Hamrullah; Sumantri, Iwan; Tang, M.; Lebe, Rustan; Ilyas, Imran; Abbas, Abdullah; Jusdi, Andi; Mahardian, Dewangga Eka; Noerwidi, Sofwan (July 2024).
544:. According to Groves (1969) the lowland anoa can be told apart from the other species by being larger, having a triangular horn cross-section, sparse as opposed to thick and woolly hair, and always having white markings on the face and legs.
595:) are endemic to the islands of Sulawesi in Indonesia. Both species appear to occur in the same areas. Sulawesi is a unique area because roughly 61% of the species found there are endemic species, including both anoa species.
495:
and interbreeding between the two in the zoo population. It is questioned as to whether the two species were different due to them occurring together in many different areas, as well as some interbreeding. A study of the
641:
also alters the natural mixing of populations of the anoa. This may lead to a loss in genetic diversity between the two species and, over time, could also lead to their decline.
612:
The anoa have many physical characteristics of bovine relatives and are considered to be most closely related to the water buffalo, which was confirmed through DNA analysis.
1083:
469:. The horns of the cows are very small. The nearest allies of the anoa appear to be certain extinct Asian buffaloes, the remains of which have been found in the
433:
since the 1960s and the populations continue to decrease. Fewer than 5,000 animals of each species likely remain. Reasons for their decline include
739:
604:
forests. Since 2005, however, these differences do not seem to be accurate, both species occur in the same areas in the same habitats.
699:
1021:
504:
genetic diversity between individuals identified as one or the other species, indicating support for recognition as two species.
734:
1118:
569:. Standing at 70 cm (28 in) at the shoulder, it is even smaller than the lowland anoa and the smallest of all living
5620:
660:"A new extinct dwarfed buffalo from Sulawesi and the evolution of the subgenus Anoa: An interdisciplinary perspective"
115:
20:
1091:
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75:
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due to the advancement of settlement. Currently, poaching is the more serious factor in most areas.
4303:
999:
927:
533:, standing barely over 90 cm (35 in) at the shoulder. It is usually solitary, living in
4952:
4345:
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1382:
64:
42:
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2003:
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724:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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of northern India. Imagery of anoas may be present in the oldest rock art known as of 2024.
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The leading cause of their population decline is hunting by local villagers for meat, with
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sp.) STUDIED USING DIRECT OBSERVATION AND DUNG ANALYSIS METHOD IN THEIR HABITAT from
871:
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994:
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883:
872:"Anoa, dwarf buffalo from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Identification based on DNA barcode"
846:
784:
768:
679:
492:
422:). Both live in undisturbed rainforests and are similar in appearance to miniature
361:
1075:
sp.) STUDIED USING DIRECT OBSERVATION AND DUNG ANALYSIS METHOD IN THEIR HABITAT.”
491:
Skulls of anoa cannot be accurately identified as to species, and there is likely
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4961:
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3809:
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1934:
1844:
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19:
This article is about the animal. For the
Indonesian-made military vehicle, see
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470:
460:, showing the same reversal of the direction of the hair on their backs. The
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Priyono, Dwi; Solihin, Dedy; Farajallah, Achmad; Arini, Diah (2018-11-01).
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827:"The taxonomic status, distribution and conservation of the lowland anoa
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743:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 79.
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2012:
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485:
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1022:"Mountain anoa videos, photos and facts – Bubalus quarlesi – ARKive"
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31:
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1067:
https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jitaa/article/view/7608/6259
825:
Burton, James; Hedges, Simon; Mustari, Abdul Haris (January 2005).
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1994:
1079:, vol. 34, no. 3, 2009, doi:10.14710/jitaa.34.3.223-228.
500:
of ten specimens from different localities found a high
2985:
3528:
700:"Species Profile for Mountain anoa (Bubalus quarlesi)"
1077:
Journal of the
Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture
1071:
Pujaningsih, R.i., et al. “DIET COMPOSITION OF ANOA (
757:"Narrative cave art in Indonesia by 51,200 years ago"
824:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5597:
1126:
1061:at Wikimedia Commons DIET COMPOSITION OF ANOA (
426:, weighing 150–300 kg (330–660 lb).
1112:
1000:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3128A46364433.en
975:Burton, J.; Wheeler, P.; Mustari, A. (2016).
928:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3126A46364222.en
903:Burton, J.; Wheeler, P.; Mustari, A. (2016).
429:Both species of anoa have been classified as
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
456:Anoa are most closely allied to the larger
1201:
1119:
1105:
203:
164:
138:
5436:
2908:
998:
926:
887:
805:
788:
683:
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
5317:
2707:
729:
547:
511:
1608:
1179:
5598:
1326:
1014:
948:
5544:
5543:
5435:
5304:
5303:
4909:
3992:
3527:
2984:
2446:
1592:
1178:
1100:
710:
657:
565:) is also known as Quarle's anoa and
2744:
968:
896:
651:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
1593:
986:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
914:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
4910:
2447:
14:
5632:
1047:
21:Anoa (armoured personnel carrier)
1052:
851:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2005.00048.x
717:
476:Both are found on the island of
228:
30:
1471:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
685:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.12.011
619:
582:
388:, are two species of the genus
41:needs additional citations for
2260:Central American red brocket (
942:
863:
747:
692:
1:
644:
607:
398:and endemic to the island of
394:, placed within the subgenus
2967:Large subfamily listed below
2955:Large subfamily listed below
2943:Large subfamily listed below
7:
1462:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
1453:Indian spotted chevrotain (
16:Dwarf buffalo from Sulawesi
10:
5637:
5621:Endemic fauna of Indonesia
1092:wildcattleconservation.org
773:10.1038/s41586-024-07541-7
664:Quaternary Science Reviews
598:
507:
18:
5552:
5510:
5482:
5458:
5449:
5445:
5431:
5398:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
5389:Domestic Bactrian camel (
5377:
5326:
5313:
5299:
5263:
5239:
5215:
5206:
5088:
5055:
5031:
4998:
4974:
4953:North Sulawesi babirusa (
4932:
4923:
4919:
4905:
4869:
4827:
4650:
4641:
4595:
4571:
4547:
4505:
4454:
4430:
4421:
4393:
4369:
4362:
4316:
4256:
4232:
4145:
4094:
4070:
4046:
4022:
4013:
4009:
3988:
3943:
3844:
3835:
3807:
3783:
3678:
3618:
3609:
3581:
3557:
3548:
3544:
3523:
3482:
3458:
3380:
3356:
3332:
3308:
3257:
3233:
3182:
3077:
3053:
3029:
3005:
3001:
2980:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2899:
2862:
2838:
2805:
2781:
2772:
2735:
2698:
2652:
2592:
2583:
2555:
2504:
2471:
2462:
2458:
2442:
2388:
2354:
2320:
2296:
2272:
2242:Amazonian brown brocket (
2176:
2143:
2119:
2086:
2062:
2038:
2029:
1965:
1914:
1890:
1857:
1806:
1773:
1749:
1617:
1604:
1588:
1575:Large family listed below
1568:
1563:Large family listed below
1556:
1540:Williamson's mouse-deer (
1483:
1441:
1417:
1408:
1317:
1262:
1238:
1229:
1192:
1188:
1174:
1136:
591:) and the mountain anoa (
573:. They also have longer,
540:, browsing on plants and
480:and the nearby island of
449:by the local peoples and
336:
331:
225:Scientific classification
223:
201:
192:
172:
163:
146:
137:
132:
3639:Domestic water buffalo (
2004:Central Asian red deer (
1629:Bornean yellow muntjac (
951:"Bubalus depressicornis"
4517:Bates' pygmy antelope (
4304:Soemmerring's gazelle (
2409:Yucatan brown brocket (
1638:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
1522:Philippine mouse-deer (
889:10.13057/biodiv/d190602
740:Encyclopædia Britannica
658:Rozzi, Roberto (2017).
587:Both the lowland anoa (
465:indicative of distinct
159:, East Java, Indonesia
5606:ESA endangered species
5227:White-lipped peccary (
5163:Philippine warty pig (
4788:Yellow-backed duiker (
4752:Black-fronted duiker (
4725:White-bellied duiker (
4346:Przewalski's gazelle (
3569:Four-horned antelope (
2367:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
1926:Visayan spotted deer (
1785:European fallow deer (
1728:Northern red muntjac (
1674:Southern red muntjac (
1086:Bubalus depressicornis
949:Miller, David (2002).
907:Bubalus depressicornis
829:Bubalus depressicornis
589:Bubalus depressicornis
553:
527:Bubalus depressicornis
517:
420:Bubalus depressicornis
341:Bubalus depressicornis
5578:Paleobiology Database
5407:Wild Bactrian camel (
5109:Bornean bearded pig (
5100:Palawan bearded pig (
4689:White-legged duiker (
4115:Red-fronted gazelle (
1794:Persian fallow deer (
1710:Roosevelt's muntjac (
1383:Himalayan musk deer (
1292:Reticulated giraffe (
639:habitat fragmentation
551:
515:
5494:Pygmy hippopotamus (
5154:Oliver's warty pig (
4779:Red-flanked duiker (
4184:Erlanger's gazelle (
3904:Harnessed bushbuck (
3630:Wild water buffalo (
3107:East Caucasian tur (
3098:West Caucasian tur (
2251:Little red brocket (
1719:Truong Son muntjac (
1531:Vietnam mouse-deer (
1513:Greater mouse-deer (
1392:Siberian musk deer (
993:: e.T3128A46364433.
955:Animal Diversity Web
921:: e.T3126A46364222.
50:improve this article
5616:Mammals of Sulawesi
5127:Celebes warty pig (
5118:Visayan warty pig (
4734:Red forest duiker (
4466:Günther's dik-dik (
4328:Mongolian gazelle (
4133:Heuglin's gazelle (
4124:Thomson's gazelle (
3278:Long-tailed goral (
2673:Mountain reedbuck (
2664:Southern reedbuck (
2516:East African oryx (
2418:White-tailed deer (
2197:Small red brocket (
2164:South Andean deer (
2107:Siberian roe deer (
2098:European roe deer (
1935:Philippine sambar (
1902:Père David's deer (
1504:Lesser mouse-deer (
1365:Kashmir musk deer (
676:2017QSRv..157..188R
345:Smith, 1827 (type)
195:Conservation status
5275:Collared peccary (
5145:Flores warty pig (
4986:Giant forest hog (
4848:Maxwell's duiker (
4770:Ruwenzori duiker (
4716:Jentink's duiker (
4625:Sharpe's grysbok (
4381:Tibetan antelope (
4286:Bright's gazelle (
4220:Goitered gazelle (
4193:Mountain gazelle (
4166:Cuvier's gazelle (
4106:Mongalla gazelle (
3494:Pyrenean chamois (
2920:Tibetan antelope (
2874:Black wildebeest (
1701:Reeves's muntjac (
1665:Sumatran muntjac (
1656:Gongshan muntjac (
1429:Water chevrotain (
1356:Alpine musk deer (
1283:Southern giraffe (
1274:Northern giraffe (
831:and mountain anoa
554:
518:
5593:
5592:
5546:Taxon identifiers
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5506:
5505:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5251:Chacoan peccary (
5202:
5201:
5190:Javan warty pig (
5181:Timor warty pig (
4988:H. meinertzhageni
4962:Togian babirusa (
4901:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4857:Walter's duiker (
4797:Abbott's duiker (
4761:Ogilby's duiker (
4707:Harvey's duiker (
4671:Brooke's duiker (
4637:
4636:
4417:
4416:
4358:
4357:
4295:Peter's gazelle (
4277:Grant's gazelle (
4211:Speke's gazelle (
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3861:
3831:
3830:
3819:African buffalo (
3650:B. depressicornis
3605:
3604:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3287:Himalayan goral (
3109:C. cylindricornis
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2932:
2931:
2895:
2894:
2883:Blue wildebeest (
2817:Common tsessebe (
2768:
2767:
2731:
2730:
2694:
2693:
2606:K. ellipsiprymnus
2579:
2578:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2378:P. mephistophiles
2334:P. mephistophiles
2025:
2024:
1721:M. truongsonensis
1683:Pu Hoat muntjac (
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1552:
1551:
1495:Java mouse-deer (
1404:
1403:
1374:Black musk deer (
1347:Dwarf musk deer (
1338:Anhui musk deer (
1313:
1312:
1276:G. camelopardalis
1225:
1224:
1057:Media related to
767:(8022): 814–818.
373:
372:
367:
357:
346:
218:
149:B. depressicornis
126:
125:
118:
100:
5628:
5586:
5585:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5541:
5540:
5456:
5455:
5447:
5446:
5433:
5432:
5324:
5323:
5315:
5314:
5301:
5300:
5213:
5212:
5019:Common warthog (
5010:Desert warthog (
4930:
4929:
4921:
4920:
4907:
4906:
4806:Weyns's duiker (
4680:Peters' duiker (
4662:Aders's duiker (
4648:
4647:
4535:Royal antelope (
4493:Salt's dik-dik (
4484:Silver dik-dik (
4475:Kirk's dik-dik (
4428:
4427:
4405:Saiga antelope (
4367:
4366:
4306:N. soemmerringii
4175:Dorcas gazelle (
4020:
4019:
4011:
4010:
4004:
3990:
3989:
3877:Mountain nyala (
3860:
3859:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3797:P. nghetinhensis
3699:European bison (
3690:American bison (
3616:
3615:
3555:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3539:
3525:
3524:
3401:Domestic sheep (
3245:Himalayan tahr (
3212:Mainland serow (
3194:Japanese serow (
3003:
3002:
2996:
2982:
2981:
2906:
2905:
2779:
2778:
2742:
2741:
2705:
2704:
2682:Bohor reedbuck (
2590:
2589:
2569:A. nasomaculatus
2492:Sable antelope (
2469:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2206:Merida brocket (
2036:
2035:
1977:Thorold's deer (
1829:A. calamianensis
1712:M. rooseveltorum
1658:M. gongshanensis
1615:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1415:
1414:
1324:
1323:
1303:G. tippelskirchi
1236:
1235:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1176:
1175:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1056:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1028:. Archived from
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1002:
979:Bubalus quarlesi
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
930:
900:
894:
893:
891:
882:(6): 1985–1992.
867:
861:
860:
858:
857:
833:Bubalus quarlesi
822:
803:
802:
792:
751:
745:
744:
723:
721:
720:
714:
708:
707:
702:. Archived from
696:
690:
689:
687:
655:
593:Bubalus quarlesi
563:Bubalus quarlesi
412:Bubalus quarlesi
378:, also known as
365:
362:Bubalus quarlesi
355:
344:
233:
232:
212:
207:
206:
168:
142:
130:
129:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5581:
5576:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5548:
5538:
5525:
5502:
5478:
5441:
5415:
5373:
5309:
5283:
5259:
5235:
5198:
5165:S. philippensis
5102:S. ahoenobarbus
5084:
5076:Red river hog (
5051:
5027:
4994:
4970:
4944:Buru babirusa (
4915:
4889:
4881:Common duiker (
4865:
4823:
4633:
4591:
4567:
4543:
4501:
4450:
4413:
4389:
4354:
4339:P. picticaudata
4312:
4252:
4228:
4222:G. subgutturosa
4141:
4090:
4066:
4042:
4005:
3994:
3972:
3939:
3931:Cape bushbuck (
3924:T. strepsiceros
3853:
3852:
3850:
3827:
3803:
3779:
3674:
3666:Mountain anoa (
3601:
3595:B. tragocamelus
3577:
3571:T. quadricornis
3540:
3529:
3511:
3478:
3454:
3410:Bighorn sheep (
3376:
3352:
3328:
3320:Mountain goat (
3304:
3296:Chinese goral (
3253:
3229:
3214:C. sumatraensis
3178:
3161:Siberian ibex (
3125:Domestic goat (
3073:
3049:
3025:
3017:Barbary sheep (
2997:
2986:
2968:
2956:
2944:
2928:
2891:
2858:
2834:
2801:
2764:
2727:
2690:
2648:
2575:
2551:
2525:Scimitar oryx (
2500:
2483:Roan antelope (
2454:
2448:
2426:
2384:
2376:Northern pudu (
2350:
2342:Southern pudu (
2332:Northern pudu (
2316:
2292:
2268:
2233:Pygmy brocket (
2215:Dwarf brocket (
2172:
2139:
2115:
2082:
2058:
2021:
1961:
1910:
1886:
1853:
1827:Calamian deer (
1802:
1796:D. mesopotamica
1769:
1745:
1739:M. vuquangensis
1737:Giant muntjac (
1647:Fea's muntjac (
1600:
1594:
1576:
1564:
1548:
1479:
1437:
1400:
1358:M. chrysogaster
1309:
1301:Masai giraffe (
1258:
1221:
1184:
1170:
1132:
1125:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1003:
973:
969:
959:
957:
947:
943:
933:
931:
901:
897:
868:
864:
855:
853:
823:
806:
752:
748:
733:, ed. (1911). "
718:
716:
715:
711:
698:
697:
693:
656:
652:
647:
622:
610:
601:
585:
567:anoa pegunungan
510:
458:Asian buffaloes
451:loss of habitat
424:water buffaloes
352:Bubalus grovesi
227:
219:
208:
204:
197:
173:Mountain anoa (
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5634:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5574:
5558:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5516:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5496:C. liberiensis
5490:
5488:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5470:Hippopotamus (
5466:
5464:
5453:
5451:Hippopotamidae
5443:
5442:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5404:
5400:C. dromedarius
5395:
5385:
5383:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5362:
5353:
5344:
5334:
5332:
5321:
5311:
5310:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5271:
5269:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5223:
5221:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5187:
5183:S. timoriensis
5178:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5142:
5136:Domestic pig (
5133:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5096:
5094:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5039:
5037:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5016:
5012:P. aethiopicus
5006:
5004:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4982:
4980:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4964:B. togeanensis
4959:
4950:
4940:
4938:
4927:
4917:
4916:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4877:
4875:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4854:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4815:Zebra duiker (
4812:
4803:
4794:
4790:C. silvicultor
4785:
4776:
4767:
4758:
4749:
4743:Black duiker (
4740:
4731:
4727:C. leucogaster
4722:
4713:
4704:
4695:
4686:
4677:
4668:
4658:
4656:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4622:
4616:Cape grysbok (
4613:
4603:
4601:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4559:Klipspringer (
4555:
4553:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4532:
4523:
4513:
4511:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4490:
4486:M. piacentinii
4481:
4472:
4462:
4460:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4438:
4436:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4348:P. przewalskii
4343:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4301:
4292:
4283:
4274:
4268:Dama gazelle (
4264:
4262:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4217:
4208:
4202:Rhim gazelle (
4199:
4190:
4181:
4172:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4130:
4121:
4112:
4102:
4100:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4060:A. marsupialis
4054:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4017:
4007:
4006:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3964:Common eland (
3961:
3951:
3949:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3928:
3922:Greater kudu (
3919:
3910:
3901:
3892:
3883:
3874:
3864:
3862:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3815:
3813:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3791:
3789:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3768:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3735:Domestic yak (
3732:
3723:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3663:
3659:B. mindorensis
3654:
3648:Lowland anoa (
3645:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3552:
3542:
3541:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3388:
3386:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3368:Nilgiri tahr (
3364:
3362:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3293:
3284:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3221:Taiwan serow (
3218:
3209:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3167:
3158:
3152:Iberian ibex (
3149:
3140:
3131:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3041:Arabian tahr (
3037:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3011:
2999:
2998:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2679:
2675:R. fulvorufula
2670:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2543:Arabian oryx (
2540:
2531:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2466:
2456:
2455:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:O. virginianus
2415:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2339:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:O. bezoarticus
2280:
2278:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2226:M. gouazoubira
2224:Gray brocket (
2221:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1979:C. albirostris
1973:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1763:E. cephalophus
1757:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1692:Leaf muntjac (
1689:
1685:M. puhoatensis
1680:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1612:
1602:
1601:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1542:T. williamsoni
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:M. moschiferus
1389:
1385:M. leucogaster
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1349:M. berezovskii
1344:
1334:
1332:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1196:
1194:Antilocapridae
1186:
1185:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1166:Laurasiatheria
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1049:
1048:External links
1046:
1043:
1042:
1013:
967:
941:
895:
862:
804:
746:
731:Chisholm, Hugh
709:
706:on 2016-12-26.
691:
649:
648:
646:
643:
621:
618:
609:
606:
600:
597:
584:
581:
580:
579:
546:
545:
509:
506:
371:
370:
369:
368:
358:
347:
334:
333:
329:
328:
321:
317:
316:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
221:
220:
202:
199:
198:
193:
190:
189:
170:
169:
161:
160:
147:Lowland anoa (
144:
143:
135:
134:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5633:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5584:
5579:
5575:
5570:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5542:
5522:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5499:
5497:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5434:
5430:
5412:
5410:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5391:C. bactrianus
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5370:
5368:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5298:
5280:
5278:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5256:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5195:
5193:
5192:S. verrucosus
5188:
5186:
5184:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5138:S. domesticus
5134:
5132:
5130:
5129:S. celebensis
5125:
5123:
5121:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5058:Potamochoerus
5054:
5048:
5046:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4965:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4955:B. celebensis
4951:
4949:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4904:
4886:
4884:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4862:
4860:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4839:Blue duiker (
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4754:C. nigrifrons
4750:
4748:
4746:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4736:C. natalensis
4732:
4730:
4728:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4682:C. callipygus
4678:
4676:
4674:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4630:
4628:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4609:R. campestris
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4561:O. oreotragus
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4204:G. leptoceros
4200:
4198:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4108:E. albonotata
4104:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4084:A. cervicapra
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3998:
3991:
3987:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3955:Giant eland (
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3933:T. sylvaticus
3929:
3927:
3925:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3895:Lesser kudu (
3893:
3891:
3889:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3710:B. domesticus
3708:Bali cattle (
3706:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3522:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3412:O. canadensis
3408:
3406:
3404:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3359:Nilgiritragus
3355:
3349:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3322:O. americanus
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3247:H. jemlahicus
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3143:Nubian ibex (
3141:
3139:
3137:
3134:Alpine ibex (
3132:
3130:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2979:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2901:Pantholopinae
2898:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2852:A. buselaphus
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2756:Grey rhebok (
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:Aepycerotinae
2697:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2631:Nile lechwe (
2629:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:Hippotraginae
2461:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2441:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2310:B. dichotomus
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2284:Pampas deer (
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2244:M. nemorivaga
2240:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2188:Red brocket (
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2157:H. antisensis
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1997:C. canadensis
1993:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1946:R. timorensis
1942:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1904:E. davidianus
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1871:R. duvaucelii
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1836:Bawean deer (
1834:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1761:Tufted deer (
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1694:M. putaoensis
1690:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1640:M. crinifrons
1636:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1587:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1533:T. versicolor
1529:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1340:M. anhuiensis
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1294:G. reticulata
1290:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1084:Lowland Anoa
1082:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1032:on 2011-09-13
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
987:
982:
980:
971:
956:
952:
945:
929:
924:
920:
916:
915:
910:
908:
899:
890:
885:
881:
877:
876:Biodiversitas
873:
866:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:Mammal Review
836:
834:
830:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
800:
796:
791:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
750:
742:
741:
736:
732:
727:
726:public domain
713:
705:
701:
695:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
654:
650:
642:
640:
634:
631:
626:
617:
613:
605:
596:
594:
590:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:mountain anoa
556:
555:
552:Mountain anoa
550:
543:
539:
536:
532:
529:) is a small
528:
524:
520:
519:
514:
505:
503:
502:mitochondrial
499:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
471:Siwalik Hills
468:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:mountain anoa
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:
387:
386:
381:
380:dwarf buffalo
377:
366:Ouwens, 1910
364:
363:
359:
354:
353:
348:
343:
342:
338:
337:
335:
330:
327:
326:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
310:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
276:
273:
270:
267:
266:
263:
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67: –
66:
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61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
5553:
5495:
5483:
5472:H. amphibius
5471:
5461:Hippopotamus
5459:
5439:Whippomorpha
5408:
5399:
5390:
5378:
5366:
5357:
5348:
5339:
5327:
5276:
5264:
5252:
5240:
5228:
5216:
5191:
5182:
5173:
5164:
5155:
5146:
5137:
5128:
5120:S. cebifrons
5119:
5110:
5101:
5089:
5077:
5068:
5056:
5044:
5032:
5021:P. africanus
5020:
5011:
5001:Phacochoerus
4999:
4987:
4975:
4963:
4954:
4946:B. babyrussa
4945:
4933:
4882:
4870:
4858:
4850:P. maxwellii
4849:
4841:P. monticola
4840:
4828:
4816:
4807:
4798:
4789:
4781:C. rufilatus
4780:
4771:
4762:
4753:
4744:
4735:
4726:
4717:
4708:
4699:
4698:Bay duiker (
4691:C. crusalbum
4690:
4681:
4672:
4663:
4651:
4643:Cephalophini
4626:
4618:R. melanotis
4617:
4608:
4596:
4584:
4572:
4560:
4548:
4536:
4528:N. moschatus
4527:
4518:
4506:
4494:
4485:
4476:
4468:M. guentheri
4467:
4455:
4444:D. megalotis
4443:
4431:
4406:
4394:
4383:P. hodgsonii
4382:
4370:
4347:
4338:
4330:P. gutturosa
4329:
4317:
4305:
4296:
4287:
4278:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4233:
4221:
4212:
4203:
4194:
4186:G. erlangeri
4185:
4176:
4167:
4159:G. bennettii
4158:
4146:
4134:
4126:E. thomsonii
4125:
4117:E. rufifrons
4116:
4107:
4095:
4083:
4071:
4059:
4047:
4035:
4023:
3965:
3957:T. derbianus
3956:
3944:
3932:
3923:
3914:
3905:
3896:
3888:T. eurycerus
3887:
3878:
3869:
3845:
3837:Tragelaphini
3820:
3808:
3796:
3784:
3772:
3763:
3755:B. javanicus
3754:
3745:
3737:B. grunniens
3736:
3727:
3719:B. frontalis
3718:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3679:
3667:
3658:
3649:
3640:
3631:
3619:
3594:
3582:
3570:
3558:
3505:R. rupicapra
3504:
3496:R. pyrenaica
3495:
3483:
3471:
3459:
3447:
3438:
3437:Snow sheep (
3429:
3420:
3419:Dall sheep (
3411:
3402:
3393:
3381:
3370:N. hylocrius
3369:
3357:
3346:O. moschatus
3345:
3333:
3321:
3309:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3213:
3204:
3195:
3183:
3171:
3170:Walia ibex (
3162:
3154:C. pyrenaica
3153:
3144:
3135:
3126:
3118:C. falconeri
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3078:
3067:B. taxicolor
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2922:P. hodgsonii
2921:
2909:
2884:
2875:
2865:Connochaetes
2863:
2851:
2850:Hartebeest (
2839:
2827:
2818:
2806:
2794:
2782:
2774:Alcelaphinae
2758:P. capreolus
2757:
2745:
2720:
2708:
2683:
2674:
2666:R. arundinum
2665:
2653:
2641:
2633:K. megaceros
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2593:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2484:
2472:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2368:
2355:
2343:
2333:
2321:
2309:
2308:Marsh deer (
2297:
2285:
2273:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2190:M. americana
2189:
2177:
2165:
2156:
2146:Hippocamelus
2144:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2100:C. capreolus
2099:
2087:
2075:
2074:Water deer (
2063:
2051:
2039:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1945:
1937:R. mariannus
1936:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1878:Eld's deer (
1870:
1869:Barasingha (
1858:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1730:M. vaginalis
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1631:M. atherodes
1630:
1618:
1541:
1532:
1524:T. nigricans
1523:
1514:
1505:
1497:T. javanicus
1496:
1484:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1442:
1431:H. aquaticus
1430:
1418:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1327:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1263:
1252:O. johnstoni
1251:
1239:
1215:A. americana
1214:
1202:
1164:Superorder:
1158:Infraclass:
1129:Artiodactyla
1085:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1051:
1034:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1025:
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
990:
984:
978:
970:
958:. Retrieved
954:
944:
932:. Retrieved
918:
912:
906:
898:
879:
875:
865:
854:. Retrieved
845:(1): 25–50.
842:
838:
832:
828:
764:
760:
749:
738:
712:
704:the original
694:
667:
663:
653:
635:
633:activities.
630:habitat loss
627:
623:
620:Conservation
614:
611:
602:
592:
588:
586:
583:Distribution
566:
562:
526:
523:lowland anoa
516:Lowland anoa
490:
475:
455:
428:
419:
416:lowland anoa
411:
395:
389:
384:
383:
379:
375:
374:
360:
356:Rozzi, 2017
350:
339:
324:
323:
312:
282:Artiodactyla
174:
153:Surabaya Zoo
148:
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
5349:L. guanicoe
5208:Tayassuidae
5172:Wild boar (
5111:S. barbatus
5069:P. larvatus
5045:P. salvania
5043:Pygmy hog (
4977:Hylochoerus
4830:Philantomba
4718:C. jentinki
4700:C. dorsalis
4653:Cephalophus
4537:N. pygmaeus
4495:M. saltiana
4433:Dorcatragus
4407:S. tatarica
4297:N. petersii
4235:Litocranius
4135:E. tilonura
4082:Blackbuck (
4058:Springbok (
4001:Antilopinae
3999:(subfamily
3946:Taurotragus
3913:Sitatunga (
3906:T. scriptus
3897:T. imberbis
3854:(including
3847:Tragelaphus
3668:B. quarlesi
3550:Boselaphini
3534:(subfamily
3439:O. nivicola
3280:N. caudatus
3269:Red goral (
3260:Naemorhedus
3223:C. swinhoei
3203:Red serow (
3185:Capricornis
3163:C. sibirica
3100:C. caucasia
3091:C. aegagrus
3089:Wild goat (
3043:A. jayakari
3032:Arabitragus
2991:(subfamily
2962:Antilopinae
2885:C. taurinus
2828:D. pygargus
2721:A. melampus
2642:K. vardonii
2604:Waterbuck (
2545:O. leucoryx
2474:Hippotragus
2402:O. hemionus
2400:Mule deer (
2299:Blastocerus
2208:M. bricenii
2166:H. bisulcus
2133:R. tarandus
2109:C. pygargus
2031:Capreolinae
2013:Sika deer (
1955:R. unicolor
1944:Rusa deer (
1847:A. porcinus
1667:M. montanus
1464:M. kathygre
1213:Pronghorn (
1204:Antilocapra
1006:12 November
934:12 November
670:: 188–205.
571:wild cattle
493:hybridizing
298:Subfamily:
179:Krefeld Zoo
175:B. quarlesi
5600:Categories
5569:Q122848955
5485:Choeropsis
5367:L. vicugna
5253:C. wagneri
5156:S. oliveri
5147:S. heureni
4883:S. grimmia
4872:Sylvicapra
4859:P. walteri
4772:C. rubidis
4763:C. ogilbyi
4709:C. harveyi
4673:C. brookei
4627:R. sharpei
4607:Steenbok (
4598:Raphicerus
4550:Oreotragus
4423:Neotragini
4372:Pantholops
4288:N. notatus
4246:L. walleri
4195:G. gazella
4168:G. cuvieri
4157:Chinkara (
4049:Antidorcas
4036:A. clarkei
4025:Ammodorcas
4015:Antilopini
3915:T. spekeii
3879:T. buxtoni
3870:T. angasii
3762:Wild yak (
3746:B. indicus
3701:B. bonasus
3641:B. bubalis
3584:Boselaphus
3560:Tetracerus
3430:O. gmelini
3298:N. griseus
3271:N. baileyi
3236:Hemitragus
3205:C. rubidus
3196:C. crispus
3145:C. nubiana
3008:Ammotragus
2911:Pantholops
2841:Alcelaphus
2826:Bontebok (
2819:D. lunatus
2808:Damaliscus
2795:B. hunteri
2684:R. redunca
2585:Reduncinae
2536:O. gazella
2485:H. equinus
2411:O. pandora
2391:Odocoileus
2275:Ozotoceros
2131:Reindeer (
2076:H. inermis
2065:Hydropotes
1988:C. elaphus
1986:Red deer (
1928:R. alfredi
1845:Hog deer (
1703:M. reevesi
1676:M. muntjak
1506:T. kanchil
1473:M. meminna
1420:Hyemoschus
1410:Tragulidae
1367:M. cupreus
1285:G. giraffa
1231:Giraffidae
1182:Ruminantia
1036:2011-10-02
856:2021-02-27
645:References
608:Morphology
542:understory
431:endangered
414:) and the
320:Subgenus:
210:Endangered
106:March 2016
76:newspapers
5437:Suborder
5347:Guanaco (
5319:Camelidae
5305:Suborder
5277:D. tajacu
5266:Dicotyles
5242:Catagonus
5229:T. pecari
5174:S. scrofa
5078:P. porcus
5067:Bushpig (
4935:Babyrousa
4911:Suborder
4808:C. weynsi
4799:C. spadix
4664:C. adersi
4585:O. ourebi
4519:N. batesi
4508:Neotragus
4477:M. kirkii
4279:N. granti
4244:Gerenuk (
4213:G. spekei
4177:G. dorcas
4034:Dibatag (
3821:S. caffer
3786:Pseudoryx
3773:B. taurus
3753:Banteng (
3728:B. gaurus
3657:Tamaraw (
3503:Chamois (
3485:Rupicapra
3472:P. nayaur
3448:O. vignei
3428:Mouflon (
3127:C. hircus
3116:Markhor (
3019:A. lervia
2784:Beatragus
2710:Aepyceros
2534:Gemsbok (
2527:O. dammah
2369:P. carlae
2262:M. temama
2253:M. rufina
2217:M. chunyi
2199:M. bororo
2089:Capreolus
2015:C. nippon
2006:C. hanglu
1893:Elaphurus
1838:A. kuhlii
1752:Elaphodus
1620:Muntiacus
1455:M. indica
1444:Moschiola
1376:M. fuscus
1319:Moschidae
1180:Suborder
1140:Kingdom:
960:August 9,
781:1476-4687
486:Indonesia
404:Indonesia
248:Kingdom:
242:Eukaryota
177:) at the
151:) at the
5563:Wikidata
5409:C. ferus
5365:Vicuña (
5358:L. pacos
5356:Alpaca (
5340:L. glama
5307:Tylopoda
4817:C. zebra
4745:C. niger
4319:Procapra
4097:Eudorcas
4073:Antilope
3810:Syncerus
3771:Cattle (
3764:B. mutus
3692:B. bison
3632:B. arnee
3593:Nilgai (
3470:Bharal (
3461:Pseudois
3421:O. dalli
3403:O. aries
3394:O. ammon
3392:Argali (
3344:Muskox (
3311:Oreamnos
3289:N. goral
3172:C. walie
3056:Budorcas
2993:Caprinae
2938:Caprinae
2793:Hirola (
2737:Peleinae
2719:Impala (
2624:K. leche
2622:Lechwe (
2518:O. beisa
2494:H. niger
2155:Taruca (
2122:Rangifer
2052:A. alces
1953:Sambar (
1880:R. eldii
1860:Rucervus
1818:Chital (
1610:Cervinae
1597:Cervidae
1558:Cervidae
1486:Tragulus
1160:Eutheria
1154:Mammalia
1148:Chordata
1146:Phylum:
1142:Animalia
799:38961284
790:11269172
478:Sulawesi
435:poaching
400:Sulawesi
385:sapiutan
332:Species
288:Family:
272:Mammalia
262:Chordata
258:Phylum:
252:Animalia
238:Domain:
157:Surabaya
5611:Bubalus
5521:Cetacea
5512:Cetacea
5380:Camelus
5338:Llama (
5218:Tayassu
5034:Porcula
4583:Oribi (
4574:Ourebia
4457:Madoqua
4442:Beira (
4363:Saigini
4270:N. dama
4148:Gazella
3997:Bovidae
3995:Family
3966:T. oryx
3886:Bongo (
3868:Nyala (
3795:Saola (
3717:Gayal (
3621:Bubalus
3536:Bovinae
3532:Bovidae
3530:Family
3446:Urial (
3136:C. ibex
3065:Takin (
2989:Bovidae
2987:Family
2950:Bovinae
2876:C. gnou
2655:Redunca
2567:Addax (
2451:Bovidae
2449:Family
2357:Pudella
2344:P. pudu
2235:M. nana
2050:Moose (
1820:A. axis
1787:D. dama
1649:M. feae
1595:Family
1570:Bovidae
1515:T. napu
1329:Moschus
1265:Giraffa
1250:Okapi (
1152:Class:
1131:species
1127:Extant
1073:Bubalus
1063:Bubalus
728::
672:Bibcode
599:Habitat
575:woolier
538:forests
535:lowland
508:Species
391:Bubalus
313:Bubalus
308:Genus:
302:Bovinae
292:Bovidae
278:Order:
268:Class:
213: (
187:Germany
183:Krefeld
90:scholar
5583:162358
4925:Suidae
4526:Suni (
4259:Nanger
3744:Zebu (
3726:Gaur (
3611:Bovini
3335:Ovibos
2640:Puku (
2615:K. kob
2179:Mazama
1968:Cervus
1241:Okapia
1026:ARKive
797:
787:
779:
761:Nature
722:
445:, and
406:: the
92:
85:
78:
71:
65:"Anoa"
63:
4913:Suina
4396:Saiga
4337:Goa (
3856:kudus
3080:Capra
2747:Pelea
2613:Kob (
2595:Kobus
2558:Addax
2041:Alces
1995:Elk (
1090:from
1088:Smith
578:legs.
531:bovid
498:mtDNA
482:Buton
467:races
462:horns
443:horns
439:hides
133:Anoa
97:JSTOR
83:books
5554:Anoa
5519:see
5329:Lama
3383:Ovis
2507:Oryx
2323:Pudu
1917:Rusa
1809:Axis
1776:Dama
1059:Anoa
1008:2021
991:2016
962:2024
936:2021
919:2016
795:PMID
777:ISSN
735:Anoa
557:The
521:The
447:meat
437:for
396:Anoa
382:and
376:Anoa
325:Anoa
69:news
5091:Sus
3681:Bos
995:doi
923:doi
884:doi
847:doi
785:PMC
769:doi
765:631
737:".
680:doi
668:157
484:in
402:in
215:ESA
52:by
5602::
5580::
5565::
1024:.
989:.
983:.
953:.
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911:.
880:19
878:.
874:.
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807:^
793:.
783:.
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