256:(PABA). PABA is needed in enzymatic reactions that produce folic acid, which acts as a coenzyme in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, the building-blocks of DNA. Mammals do not synthesize their own folic acid so they are unaffected by PABA inhibitors, which selectively kill bacteria. Sulfanilamide drugs are not like the antibiotics used to treat infections. Instead, they work by changing the DNA inside cancer cells to keep them from growing and multiplying. Antitumor antibiotics are a class of antimetabolite drugs that are cell cycle nonspecific. They act by binding with DNA molecules and preventing RNA (ribonucleic acid) synthesis, a key step in the creation of proteins, which are necessary for cancer cell survival.
22:
522:
98:, as they interfere with DNA production and therefore cell division and tumor growth. Because cancer cells spend more time dividing than other cells, inhibiting cell division harms tumor cells more than other cells. Antimetabolite drugs are commonly used to treat leukemia, cancers of the breast, ovary, and the gastrointestinal tract, as well as other types of cancers. In the
484:. This means these are the same bases as above, but with an added sugar group. For the nucleoside analogues either the base or the sugar component can be altered. They are similar enough to the molecules used to build cellular DNA that they are incorporated by the cell into its DNA, but different enough that after being added the cell's DNA they stop cell growth.
506:. This means these molecules look exactly like the pieces used to build DNA in a cell and can be incorporated into a growing cell's DNA. However, because they are analogues and therefore slightly different from regular nucleotides, causing the cell's growth to be halted and the cell to die.
396:. This means that these molecules are structurally similar enough to the basic components of DNA that they can be substituted in. However, since they are slightly different from the normal bases after they are incorporated into the DNA, the DNA production is halted and the cell dies.
105:
Antimetabolites generally impair DNA replication machinery, either by incorporation of chemically altered nucleotides or by depleting the supply of deoxynucleotides needed for DNA replication and cell proliferation.
783:
Mashita T, Kowada T, Takahashi H, Matsui T, Mizukami S (June 2019). "Light-Wavelength-Based
Quantitative Control of Dihydrofolate Reductase Activity by Using a Photochromic Isostere of an Inhibitor".
232:, the cell death process. Because of this mode of action, most antimetabolites have high cell cycle specificity and can target arrest of cancer cell DNA replication.
2647:
578:
Peters GJ, van der Wilt CL, van
Moorsel CJ, Kroep JR, Bergman AM, Ackland SP (2000). "Basis for effective combination cancer chemotherapy with antimetabolites".
651:
Matera C, Gomila AM, Camarero N, Libergoli M, Soler C, Gorostiza P (November 2018). "Photoswitchable
Antimetabolite for Targeted Photoactivated Chemotherapy".
634:
99:
707:
1059:
2707:
1759:
1588:
1568:
1553:
2784:
193:, chemicals that become the building-blocks of DNA. They prevent these substances from becoming incorporated into DNA during the
718:
1975:
1028:
2735:
1052:
562:
2342:
1494:
1450:
1328:
1037:
1253:
974:
2752:
1045:
521:
1769:
2388:
1390:
1280:
201:), stopping normal development and cell division. Anti-metabolites also affect RNA synthesis. However, because
704:
2310:
2293:
2168:
1932:
1310:
351:
224:
that participate in essential biosynthetic processes and subsequent incorporation of these biomolecules into
2042:
1638:
612:
2244:
259:
Anthracyclines are anti-tumor antibiotics that interfere with enzymes involved in copying DNA during the
53:. Such substances are often similar in structure to the metabolite that they interfere with, such as the
1634:
1604:
1424:
1529:
2610:
2490:
2480:
765:
876:
2779:
2662:
2595:
2565:
2183:
1433:
990:
Leumann CJ (April 2002). "DNA analogues: from supramolecular principles to biological properties".
616:
2740:
2465:
2180:
1666:
1514:
1441:
2545:
2535:
2268:
2110:
1032:
253:
62:
1817:
1464:
347:
2215:
2092:
1613:
210:
8:
2500:
2400:
2379:
2100:
1922:
1754:
1485:
1381:
916:"The use of antimetabolites as adjunctive therapy in the surgical treatment of pterygium"
487:
469:
433:
1558:
1067:
942:
915:
896:
852:
827:
808:
686:
109:
Examples of cancer drug antimetabolites include, but are not limited to the following:
1003:
892:
877:"Surgical Approaches and Antimetabolite Use in Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Meta-Analysis"
591:
2682:
2256:
1090:
1007:
970:
947:
857:
800:
715:
678:
595:
558:
249:
42:
900:
812:
690:
2687:
2444:
2159:
1793:
1778:
1499:
999:
937:
927:
888:
847:
839:
792:
668:
660:
587:
155:
95:
2126:
2088:
1879:
1301:
1216:
828:"National survey of antimetabolite use in glaucoma surgery in the United Kingdom"
722:
711:
399:
2746:
2280:
1871:
1365:
1116:
1086:
1073:
452:
362:
332:
186:
121:
2773:
2620:
2580:
1950:
1823:
1704:
1647:
1405:
1354:
381:
296:
245:
225:
74:
843:
2667:
2631:
2515:
2505:
2459:
2455:
2417:
2325:
2115:
2054:
2050:
2031:
2026:
2005:
1994:
1808:
1802:
1788:
1783:
1714:
1709:
1662:
1548:
1415:
1395:
1324:
1273:
1263:
1077:
1069:
1011:
951:
861:
804:
796:
682:
599:
533:
495:
477:
418:
393:
316:
311:
270:
182:
171:
160:
127:
114:
78:
26:
2712:
2692:
2677:
2672:
2657:
2615:
2585:
2525:
2495:
2439:
2412:
2285:
2226:
2198:
2188:
2141:
2105:
2021:
1983:
1965:
1960:
1940:
1917:
1888:
1866:
1846:
1836:
1687:
1672:
1652:
1538:
1469:
1455:
1410:
1343:
1338:
1315:
1290:
1258:
1201:
1164:
1141:
1126:
1121:
1106:
664:
456:
426:
358:
328:
306:
275:
149:
144:
139:
70:
21:
932:
2702:
2605:
2600:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2520:
2510:
2475:
2470:
2450:
2405:
2393:
2368:
2363:
2353:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2221:
2208:
2203:
2173:
2136:
2131:
2069:
2064:
2010:
1955:
1907:
1893:
1841:
1828:
1797:
1730:
1719:
1692:
1682:
1677:
1623:
1578:
1573:
1474:
1438:
1370:
1360:
1349:
1333:
1285:
1268:
1244:
1196:
1184:
1136:
673:
513:
509:
491:
473:
460:
437:
422:
389:
385:
286:
281:
260:
241:
217:
198:
190:
165:
133:
58:
54:
50:
46:
30:
2717:
2697:
2652:
2642:
2636:
2540:
2485:
2434:
2358:
2348:
2303:
2290:
2231:
2193:
2121:
2059:
2000:
1989:
1945:
1902:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1813:
1740:
1735:
1725:
1697:
1657:
1618:
1593:
1583:
1543:
1189:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1131:
875:
Gage-White L, LaMear WR, Paleri V, Robson A, Bearn (August 1, 2003).
503:
411:
407:
366:
301:
229:
202:
29:(bottom) is an antimetabolite that interferes with the metabolism of
365:(5-FU), is currently being tested for its effectiveness of managing
2626:
2590:
2530:
2298:
2236:
2016:
1912:
1884:
1563:
1400:
441:
343:
336:
66:
577:
516:(vitamin B9) which is needed to build DNA and allow cells to grow.
1519:
1420:
1234:
1095:
445:
194:
331:(MMC), are commonly used in America and Japan as an addition to
1159:
403:
221:
206:
178:
216:
Due to their efficiency, these drugs are the most widely used
825:
650:
499:
481:
874:
782:
758:
292:
Anti-tumor antibiotics that are not anthracyclines include:
826:
Siriwardena D, Edmunds B, Wormald RP, Khaw PT (July 2004).
958:
629:
627:
625:
228:, inhibits their normal tumor cell function and triggers
714:
in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds)
209:
is used instead), inhibition of thymidine synthesis via
65:
can occur, and the presence of antimetabolites can have
555:
Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology
213:
selectively inhibits DNA synthesis over RNA synthesis.
102:
antimetabolite cancer drugs are classified under L01B.
913:
622:
346:
of operative sites. Thus, its use following external
100:
752:
The
Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action
49:, which is another chemical that is part of normal
646:
644:
357:Intraoperative antimetabolite application, namely
776:
2771:
734:
557:. Oxford : Oxford University Press. p. 43.
388:) – structures that can substitute for a normal
716:Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach
641:
728:
16:Chemical that inhibits the use of a metabolite
1053:
983:
440:, the smaller bases incorporated into DNA as
914:Kareem AA, Farhood QK, Alhammami HA (2012).
406:, the larger bases incorporated into DNA as
342:Antimetabolites have been shown to decrease
1060:
1046:
941:
931:
851:
749:
705:"Principles of Oncologic Pharmacotherapy"
672:
615:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
969:. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
653:Journal of the American Chemical Society
377:Main categories of these drugs include:
252:synthesis in bacteria by competing with
20:
989:
964:
737:Medicinal Chemistry of Anticancer Drugs
220:. Competition for the binding sites of
2772:
512:– chemicals that block the actions of
1041:
552:
205:is used in DNA but not in RNA (where
992:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
881:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
832:The British Journal of Ophthalmology
350:, a procedure for the management of
266:Examples of anthracyclines include:
1329:ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors
436:– mimic the structure of metabolic
402:– mimic the structure of metabolic
89:
13:
1495:Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
1451:Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
69:effects on cells, such as halting
14:
2796:
1254:Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
1022:
739:(2nd ed.). Elsevier Science.
177:Anti-metabolites masquerade as a
77:, so these compounds are used in
735:Avendano C, Menendez CJ (2015).
520:
335:, a surgical procedure to treat
907:
868:
819:
580:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
494:alternatives that consist of a
476:alternatives that consist of a
94:Antimetabolites can be used in
57:that interfere with the use of
2785:Antineoplastic antimetabolites
1391:Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
1281:Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
743:
697:
613:Antineoplastic+Antimetabolites
606:
571:
546:
327:Antimetabolites, particularly
235:
1:
1311:Adenosine deaminase inhibitor
1152:Block microtubule disassembly
1004:10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00348-0
893:10.1016/S0194-5998(03)01253-1
766:"Types of Chemotherapy Drugs"
635:"How Chemotherapy Drugs Work"
592:10.1016/S0163-7258(00)00086-3
539:
352:nasolacrimal duct obstruction
322:
240:Antimetabolites may also be
7:
527:
84:
10:
2801:
967:A Study of Antimetabolites
637:. American Cancer Society.
2730:
2611:Omacetaxine mepesuccinate
2491:Ciltacabtagene autoleucel
2481:Brexucabtagene autoleucel
2427:
2378:
2158:
2151:
2087:
2041:
1974:
1931:
1768:
1753:
1633:
1603:
1528:
1513:
1484:
1380:
1300:
1243:
1226:
1215:
1151:
1104:
1085:
965:Woolley DW (March 1987).
2663:Talimogene laherparepvec
2596:Nadofaragene firadenovec
2566:Lisocabtagene maraleucel
1515:Topoisomerase inhibitors
1434:DNA polymerase inhibitor
617:Medical Subject Headings
372:
2466:Axicabtagene ciloleucel
1070:chemotherapeutic agents
844:10.1136/bjo.2003.034256
354:, is being researched.
2648:Sitimagene ceradenovec
2546:Idecabtagene vicleucel
2111:Methyl aminolevulinate
1033:University of Nebraska
920:Clinical Ophthalmology
797:10.1002/cbic.201800816
703:Takimoto CH, Calvo E.
254:para-aminobenzoic acid
63:competitive inhibition
34:
2122:Porphyrin derivatives
1818:Melphalan flufenamide
1465:Hypomethylating agent
1074:antineoplastic agents
770:SEER Training Modules
750:Silverman RB (2004).
348:dacryocystorhinostomy
248:drugs, which inhibit
24:
2451:Asparagine depleters
2380:Receptor antagonists
2294:+abiraterone acetate
665:10.1021/jacs.8b08249
488:nucleotide analogues
470:nucleoside analogues
434:pyrimidine analogues
211:thymidylate synthase
2501:Denileukin diftitox
2401:Retinoid X receptor
2101:Aminolevulinic acid
1923:Triethylenemelamine
1755:Crosslinking of DNA
1486:Deoxyribonucleotide
1425:+gimeracil/oteracil
933:10.2147/OPTH.S38388
659:(46): 15764–15773.
41:is a chemical that
2757:Never to phase III
1559:Etirinotecan pegol
721:2013-10-04 at the
710:2020-05-03 at the
35:
2767:
2766:
2726:
2725:
2683:Tigilanol tiglate
2160:Enzyme inhibitors
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
1779:Nitrogen mustards
1749:
1748:
1509:
1508:
1211:
1210:
791:(11): 1382–1386.
564:978-0-19-854768-6
553:Smith AL (1997).
2792:
2688:Tisagenlecleucel
2445:Arsenic trioxide
2156:
2155:
2089:Photosensitizers
1880:Alkyl sulfonates
1794:Cyclophosphamide
1766:
1765:
1705:Anthracenediones
1526:
1525:
1500:Hydroxycarbamide
1241:
1240:
1224:
1223:
1102:
1101:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1016:
1015:
987:
981:
980:
962:
956:
955:
945:
935:
911:
905:
904:
872:
866:
865:
855:
823:
817:
816:
780:
774:
773:
762:
756:
755:
747:
741:
740:
732:
726:
701:
695:
694:
676:
648:
639:
638:
631:
620:
610:
604:
603:
586:(2–3): 227–253.
575:
569:
568:
550:
524:
400:purine analogues
156:Hydroxycarbamide
96:cancer treatment
90:Cancer treatment
2800:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2780:Antimetabolites
2770:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2747:Clinical trials
2722:
2428:Other/ungrouped
2423:
2374:
2147:
2127:Porfimer sodium
2075:
2037:
1970:
1927:
1757:
1745:
1629:
1599:
1517:
1505:
1480:
1376:
1296:
1232:
1230:antimetabolites
1228:
1227:DNA precursors/
1219:
1217:DNA replication
1207:
1147:
1117:Vinca alkaloids
1093:
1081:
1066:
1025:
1020:
1019:
988:
984:
977:
963:
959:
912:
908:
873:
869:
824:
820:
781:
777:
764:
763:
759:
754:(2nd ed.).
748:
744:
733:
729:
723:Wayback Machine
712:Wayback Machine
702:
698:
649:
642:
633:
632:
623:
611:
607:
576:
572:
565:
551:
547:
542:
530:
480:analogue and a
375:
325:
238:
92:
87:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2798:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2409:
2397:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2339:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2307:
2301:
2296:
2288:
2281:PARP inhibitor
2277:
2265:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2212:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2177:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2024:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1933:Platinum-based
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1849:
1844:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1791:
1786:
1774:
1772:
1763:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1712:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1660:
1655:
1648:Anthracyclines
1643:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1460:
1459:
1446:
1445:
1429:
1428:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1366:Mercaptopurine
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1336:
1320:
1319:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1277:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1193:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1112:
1110:
1099:
1083:
1082:
1068:Intracellular
1065:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1024:
1023:External links
1021:
1018:
1017:
998:(4): 841–854.
982:
975:
957:
906:
867:
838:(7): 873–876.
818:
775:
757:
742:
727:
725:. 11 ed. 2008.
696:
640:
621:
605:
570:
563:
544:
543:
541:
538:
537:
536:
529:
526:
518:
517:
507:
485:
467:
466:
465:
464:
463:
453:5-Fluorouracil
431:
430:
429:
382:base analogues
374:
371:
363:5-fluorouracil
333:trabeculectomy
324:
321:
320:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
290:
289:
284:
279:
273:
237:
234:
187:mercaptopurine
175:
174:
169:
163:
158:
153:
147:
142:
137:
131:
125:
122:Mercaptopurine
118:
91:
88:
86:
83:
39:antimetabolite
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2797:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2621:Tabelecleucel
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Lurbinectedin
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2043:Intercalation
2040:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:Dicycloplatin
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:Prednimustine
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1639:Intercalation
1636:
1632:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1442:+daunorubicin
1440:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Doxifluridine
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1355:Rabacfosadine
1353:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
978:
976:9780471960300
972:
968:
961:
953:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
926:: 1849–1854.
925:
921:
917:
910:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
871:
863:
859:
854:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
822:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
779:
771:
767:
761:
753:
746:
738:
731:
724:
720:
717:
713:
709:
706:
700:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
647:
645:
636:
630:
628:
626:
618:
614:
609:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
574:
566:
560:
556:
549:
545:
535:
532:
531:
525:
523:
515:
511:
508:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
397:
395:
394:nucleic acids
391:
387:
383:
380:
379:
378:
370:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
297:Actinomycin-D
295:
294:
293:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:(Adriamycin®)
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
267:
264:
262:
257:
255:
251:
250:dihydrofolate
247:
246:sulfanilamide
243:
233:
231:
227:
226:nucleic acids
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
173:
170:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
119:
116:
112:
111:
110:
107:
103:
101:
97:
82:
80:
76:
75:cell division
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:the use of a
44:
40:
32:
28:
23:
19:
2668:Tazemetostat
2632:Alitretinoin
2625:
2536:Estramustine
2516:Elsamitrucin
2506:Eflornithine
2460:Pegaspargase
2456:Asparaginase
2449:
2418:Testolactone
2411:
2399:
2387:
2341:
2326:Panobinostat
2309:
2279:
2267:
2255:
2243:
2214:
2179:
2167:
2120:
2116:Padeliporfin
2055:Dactinomycin
2051:Streptomyces
2032:Temozolomide
2027:Mitozolomide
2015:
2006:Mitobronitol
1995:Procarbazine
1988:
1976:Nonclassical
1901:
1878:
1872:Streptozocin
1837:Nitrosoureas
1835:
1809:Chlorambucil
1803:Trofosfamide
1789:Chlormethine
1784:Bendamustine
1777:
1715:Mitoxantrone
1710:Losoxantrone
1703:
1663:Daunorubicin
1646:
1612:
1549:Camptothecin
1537:
1493:
1463:
1449:
1432:
1416:Fluorouracil
1396:Capecitabine
1389:
1359:
1323:
1309:
1279:
1274:Pralatrexate
1264:Methotrexate
1252:
1229:
1195:
1158:
1115:
995:
991:
985:
966:
960:
923:
919:
909:
884:
880:
870:
835:
831:
821:
788:
784:
778:
769:
760:
751:
745:
736:
730:
699:
656:
652:
608:
583:
579:
573:
554:
548:
534:Antinutrient
519:
496:nucleic acid
478:nucleic acid
419:Azathioprine
376:
356:
341:
326:
317:Phototrexate
312:Mitoxantrone
291:
271:Daunorubicin
265:
258:
239:
215:
183:azathioprine
176:
172:Phototrexate
161:Methotrexate
128:Capecitabine
115:Fluorouracil
108:
104:
93:
81:for cancer.
79:chemotherapy
38:
36:
27:methotrexate
18:
2743:from market
2713:Vorasidenib
2693:Trabectedin
2678:Tiazofurine
2673:Tebentafusp
2658:Tagraxofusp
2616:Plitidepsin
2586:Mitoguazone
2526:Epacadostat
2496:Demecolcine
2440:Aflibercept
2413:Sex steroid
2286:Fuzuloparib
2227:Carfilzomib
2199:Palbociclib
2189:Abemaciclib
2142:Verteporfin
2106:Efaproxiral
2022:Dacarbazine
1984:Altretamine
1966:Satraplatin
1961:Oxaliplatin
1941:Carboplatin
1918:Triaziquone
1889:Mannosulfan
1867:Ranimustine
1847:Fotemustine
1688:Pirarubicin
1673:Doxorubicin
1667:+cytarabine
1653:Aclarubicin
1614:Podophyllum
1539:Camptotheca
1470:Azacitidine
1456:Gemcitabine
1411:Floxuridine
1344:Fludarabine
1339:Clofarabine
1325:Halogenated
1316:Pentostatin
1291:Raltitrexed
1259:Aminopterin
1202:Ixabepilone
1197:Epothilones
1165:Cabazitaxel
1142:Vinorelbine
1127:Vincristine
1122:Vinblastine
1107:microtubule
887:(2): P205.
785:ChemBioChem
674:2445/126377
510:antifolates
492:nucleotides
457:Gemcitabine
438:pyrimidines
427:Fludarabine
423:Thiopurines
390:nucleobases
386:nucleobases
359:mitomycin C
329:mitomycin C
307:Mitomycin-C
276:Doxorubicin
242:antibiotics
236:Antibiotics
218:cytostatics
150:Gemcitabine
145:Fludarabine
140:Floxuridine
71:cell growth
55:antifolates
2774:Categories
2708:Verdinexor
2703:Venetoclax
2606:Oblimersen
2601:Navitoclax
2576:Lucanthone
2571:Lonidamine
2561:Lifileucel
2556:Ivosidenib
2551:Imetelstat
2521:Enasidenib
2511:Elesclomol
2476:Bexarotene
2471:Belzutifan
2406:Bexarotene
2394:Atrasentan
2369:Umbralisib
2364:Idelalisib
2354:Copanlisib
2336:Vorinostat
2331:Romidepsin
2321:Entinostat
2316:Belinostat
2274:Masoprocol
2262:Tiazofurin
2250:Anagrelide
2222:Bortezomib
2209:Seliciclib
2204:Ribociclib
2184:inhibitors
2174:Tipifarnib
2137:Temoporfin
2132:Talaporfin
2070:Plicamycin
2065:Mitomycins
2011:Pipobroman
1990:Hydrazines
1956:Nedaplatin
1908:Carboquone
1903:Aziridines
1894:Treosulfan
1842:Carmustine
1829:Uramustine
1798:Ifosfamide
1770:Alkylating
1731:Bisantrene
1720:Pixantrone
1693:Valrubicin
1683:Idarubicin
1678:Epirubicin
1624:Teniposide
1579:Lurtotecan
1574:Irinotecan
1475:Decitabine
1439:Cytarabine
1382:Pyrimidine
1371:Tioguanine
1361:Thiopurine
1350:Nelarabine
1334:Cladribine
1286:Pemetrexed
1269:Pemetrexed
1245:Folic acid
1185:Paclitaxel
1137:Vinflunine
540:References
514:folic acid
504:phosphates
502:, and 1–3
474:nucleoside
461:Cytarabine
451:Examples:
417:Examples:
361:(MMC) and
323:Other uses
287:Idarubicin
282:Epirubicin
261:cell cycle
244:, such as
199:cell cycle
191:pyrimidine
166:Pemetrexed
134:Cytarabine
59:folic acid
51:metabolism
47:metabolite
31:folic acid
2753:Phase III
2741:Withdrawn
2718:Vosaroxin
2698:Veliparib
2653:Sotorasib
2643:Selinexor
2637:Tretinoin
2627:Retinoids
2541:Glasdegib
2486:Celecoxib
2435:Adagrasib
2359:Duvelisib
2349:Alpelisib
2304:Rucaparib
2291:Niraparib
2232:Oprozomib
2194:Alvocidib
2060:Bleomycin
2017:Triazenes
2001:Etoglucid
1946:Cisplatin
1862:Nimustine
1856:Semustine
1852:Lomustine
1814:Melphalan
1741:Menogaril
1736:Crisnatol
1726:Amsacrine
1698:Zorubicin
1658:Amrubicin
1619:Etoposide
1594:Topotecan
1589:Silatecan
1584:Rubitecan
1569:Gimatecan
1554:Cositecan
1544:Belotecan
1220:inhibitor
1190:Tesetaxel
1180:Ortataxel
1175:Larotaxel
1170:Docetaxel
1132:Vindesine
412:guanosine
408:adenosine
384:(altered
367:pterygium
302:Bleomycin
230:apoptosis
203:thymidine
168:(Alimta®)
152:(Gemzar®)
130:(Xeloda®)
25:The drug
2591:Mitotane
2531:Eribulin
2299:Olaparib
2237:Ixazomib
1913:Thiotepa
1885:Busulfan
1564:Exatecan
1401:Carmofur
1109:assembly
1072: /
1029:Overview
1012:11836090
952:23152665
901:72098513
862:15205228
813:58567138
805:30656808
719:Archived
708:Archived
691:53043366
683:30346152
600:11008002
528:See also
442:cytosine
344:fibrosis
337:glaucoma
197:(of the
136:(Ara-C®)
85:Function
61:; thus,
43:inhibits
1520:S phase
1421:Tegafur
1235:S phase
1160:Taxanes
1096:M phase
943:3497463
853:1772249
446:thymine
404:purines
222:enzymes
195:S phase
189:) or a
2736:WHO-EM
2345:(Pi3K)
1302:Purine
1105:Block
1010:
973:
950:
940:
899:
860:
850:
811:
803:
689:
681:
619:(MeSH)
598:
561:
459:, and
425:, and
207:uracil
179:purine
124:(6-MP)
117:(5-FU)
2257:IMPDI
2152:Other
897:S2CID
809:S2CID
687:S2CID
500:sugar
482:sugar
373:Types
67:toxic
33:(top)
2343:PIKI
2311:HDAC
1760:CCNS
1008:PMID
971:ISBN
948:PMID
858:PMID
801:PMID
679:PMID
596:PMID
559:ISBN
498:, a
444:and
410:and
73:and
2389:ERA
2245:PhI
2216:PrI
2181:CDK
2093:PDT
1091:MIs
1087:SPs
1078:L01
1031:at
1000:doi
938:PMC
928:doi
889:doi
885:129
848:PMC
840:doi
793:doi
669:hdl
661:doi
657:140
588:doi
392:in
37:An
2776::
2749::
2269:LI
2169:FI
1635:II
1605:II
1427:))
1006:.
996:10
994:.
946:.
936:.
922:.
918:.
895:.
883:.
879:.
856:.
846:.
836:88
834:.
830:.
807:.
799:.
789:20
787:.
768:.
685:.
677:.
667:.
655:.
643:^
624:^
594:.
584:87
582:.
490:–
472:–
455:,
448:.
421:,
414:.
369:.
339:.
263:.
185:,
120:6-
113:5-
2639:)
2630:(
2462:)
2458:/
2454:(
2420:)
2416:(
2408:)
2404:(
2396:)
2392:(
2371:)
2347:(
2338:)
2314:(
2306:)
2284:(
2276:)
2272:(
2264:)
2260:(
2252:)
2248:(
2211:)
2187:(
2176:)
2172:(
2144:)
2125:(
2091:/
2072:)
2053:(
2034:)
2020:(
1997:)
1993:(
1905::
1896:)
1887:(
1882::
1858:)
1854:(
1839::
1820:)
1816:(
1805:)
1796:(
1781::
1762:)
1758:(
1722:)
1708:(
1700:)
1669:)
1665:(
1651:(
1637:+
1626:)
1617:(
1596:)
1542:(
1530:I
1522:)
1518:(
1502:)
1498:(
1477:)
1468:(
1458:)
1454:(
1444:)
1437:(
1423:(
1394:(
1373:)
1364:(
1346:)
1332:(
1327:/
1318:)
1314:(
1293:)
1284:(
1276:)
1257:(
1237:)
1233:(
1204:)
1200:(
1192:)
1163:(
1144:)
1120:(
1098:)
1094:(
1089:/
1080:)
1076:(
1061:e
1054:t
1047:v
1014:.
1002::
979:.
954:.
930::
924:6
903:.
891::
864:.
842::
815:.
795::
772:.
693:.
671::
663::
602:.
590::
567:.
181:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
