215:, who, together with all the rest of Gaul, and, indeed, Spain also, were subjects of the Romans from of old. And beyond them toward the east were settled the Thuringian barbarians, Augustus, the first emperor, having given them this country. And the Burgundians lived not far from them toward the south, and the Suevi also lived beyond the Thuringians, and the Alamani, powerful nations. All these were settled there as independent peoples in earlier times. But as time went on, the Visigoths forced their way into the Roman empire and seized all Spain and the portion of Gaul lying beyond the Rhone River and made them subject and tributary to themselves. By that time it so happened that the
235:
received not at all unwillingly; for both, as it happened, were
Christians. And in this way they were united into one people, and came to have great power. Now other Roman soldiers, also, had been stationed at the frontiers of Gaul to serve as guards. And these soldiers, having no means of returning
38:
Procopius mentions the
Arborychoi in his description of the land and peoples west of Gaul. Based on his description of their proximity to the Franks, it has been suggested that they would have "occupied the coast of what is today Belgium." Writing in the 550s, he probably got his information from a
242:
and
Germans; and they handed down to their offspring all the customs of their fathers, which were thus preserved, and this people has held them in sufficient reverence to guard them even up to my time. For even at the present day they are dearly recognized as belonging to the legions to which they
221:
had become soldiers of the Romans. And the
Germans, wishing to make this people subject to themselves, since their territory adjoined their own and they had changed the government under which they had lived from of old, began to plunder their land and, being eager to make war, marched against them
56:. They are said to have changed their form of government, probably meaning that they came to recognize rulers other than the Roman emperors. They fought an inconclusive war with the Franks before allying and intermarrying with them, becoming one people. They were both Christians (i.e.,
243:
were assigned when they served in ancient times, and they always carry their own standards when they enter battle, and always follow the customs of their fathers. And they preserve the dress of the Romans in every particular, even as regards their shoes.
228:
proved their valour and loyalty to the Romans and shewed themselves brave men in this war, and since the
Germans were not able to overcome them by force, they wished to win them over and make the two peoples kin by intermarriage. This suggestion the
236:
to Rome, and at the same time being unwilling to yield to their enemy who were Arians, gave themselves, together with their military standards and the land which they had long been guarding for the Romans, to the
43:
embassy. It forms part of a passage explaining the origins of the Franks and their power. It should probably be associated, insofar as his garbled account is historical, with the reigns of the
Frankish kings
64:) at this time, which situates it after the conversion of Clovis. In his own day, Procopius writes, the descendants of the Arborychoi still followed Roman customs and carried their old banners.
209:. . . and this is where the Germans lived of old, a barbarous nation, not of much consequence in the beginning, who are now called Franks. Next to these lived the
144:
570:
555:
565:
166:
considers the identification of the
Arborychoi with the Armoricani "unlikely if not impossible". He proposes that
560:
190:, it is preserved in the early medieval place name Boroctra (Borchtergo). The presence of six Rhenish
575:
473:
131:
535:
429:
449:
434:"La frontière chez deux auteurs byzantins: Procope de Césarée et Constantin VII Porphyrogénète"
103:
98:
24:
498:
511:
540:. Vol. III, Books V and VI. Translated by H. B. Dewing. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
200:(banner) in the name may be a record of the long use of Roman banners noted by Procopius.
84:. This identification was current as early as the 18th century, when it was questioned by
8:
187:
494:
437:
163:
160:. In this sense, it may refer not to a people, but to the Roman army on the Loire.
119:
134:
accepts the etymology, but points out that the term cannot refer to the people of
433:
549:
406:
93:
85:
57:
157:
53:
461:
260:
Other spellings include
Arboruchoi, Arborychi, Arborykhoi and Arborukhoi.
89:
45:
75:
531:
28:
183:
135:
49:
349:
347:
345:
343:
139:
115:
340:
292:
290:
61:
40:
35:
in the 5th century AD. There is no consensus on who they were.
52:. The Arborychoi are described as having been soldiers of the
478:
The
Origins of France: From Clovis to the Capetians, 500–1000
192:
153:
149:
148:, a Roman military region corresponding to Gaul north of the
72:
287:
277:
275:
273:
271:
179:
32:
499:"La corde au cou: Les Francs, la France et la Loi salique"
268:
396:
394:
381:
379:
366:
364:
362:
330:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
318:
391:
376:
359:
315:
96:argued that Procopius had garbled the Latin word
547:
466:Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568
448:
353:
444:. Publications de la Sorbonne. pp. 17–30.
428:
296:
186:(etymologically "ere-brought"). According to
512:"Freedom, Warriors' Bond, Legal Book: The
530:
503:Publications de l'École Française de Rome
412:
309:
27:: Αρβόρυχοι) were a people mentioned by
516:Between Barbarian Custom and Roman Law"
460:
281:
71:is usually regarded as a corruption of
548:
484:
472:
385:
370:
182:. This name means "first" or "great"
509:
493:
400:
334:
203:
114:also occurs in the treatment of the
13:
571:Historical ethnic groups of Europe
14:
587:
222:with their whole people. But the
432:; Duneau, Jean-François (1981).
487:Europe's Barbarians, AD 200–600
454:Wales and the Britons, 350–1064
302:
254:
1:
556:5th century in sub-Roman Gaul
468:. Cambridge University Press.
138:(then being conquered by the
170:is in fact a misspelling of
118:by Procopius' contemporary,
7:
566:Medieval history of Belgium
415:, xii.9–19, at pp. 118–123.
88:on the basis of geography.
10:
592:
510:Poly, Jean-Pierre (2016).
456:. Oxford University Press.
421:
297:Arrignon & Duneau 1981
106:notes that a confusion of
16:A nation of northern Gaul
247:
174:and is cognate with the
156:, an area inhabited by
485:James, Edward (2014).
450:Charles-Edwards, T. M.
308:Dewing, nn1&2, in
245:
104:Thomas Charles-Edwards
442:Geographica Byzantina
430:Arrignon, Jean-Pierre
207:
354:Charles-Edwards 2013
537:History of the Wars
284:, pp. 304–305.
145:Tractus Armoricanus
561:Early Middle Ages
495:Poly, Jean-Pierre
204:Text of Procopius
188:Maurits Gysseling
92:accepted it, but
583:
541:
527:
506:
490:
481:
469:
457:
445:
438:Hélène Ahrweiler
416:
410:
404:
398:
389:
383:
374:
368:
357:
356:, p. 71–72.
351:
338:
332:
313:
306:
300:
294:
285:
279:
261:
258:
164:Jean-Pierre Poly
152:and west of the
122:, who calls him
120:Gregory of Tours
591:
590:
586:
585:
584:
582:
581:
580:
576:Frankish people
546:
545:
544:
505:(168): 287–320.
424:
419:
411:
407:
403:, p. 297n.
399:
392:
384:
377:
369:
360:
352:
341:
333:
316:
307:
303:
295:
288:
280:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
250:
206:
142:) but only the
17:
12:
11:
5:
589:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
543:
542:
528:
520:Clio et Thémis
507:
491:
482:
470:
458:
446:
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:
413:Procopius 1919
405:
390:
375:
358:
339:
314:
312:, p. 119.
310:Procopius 1919
301:
299:, p. 22n.
286:
266:
263:
262:
252:
251:
249:
246:
205:
202:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
588:
577:
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569:
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500:
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483:
479:
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474:James, Edward
471:
467:
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455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:
414:
409:
402:
397:
395:
388:, p. 81.
387:
382:
380:
373:, p. 27.
372:
367:
365:
363:
355:
350:
348:
346:
344:
337:, p. 10.
336:
331:
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95:
94:Ferdinand Lot
91:
87:
86:Edward Gibbon
83:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
63:
59:
58:Chalcedonians
55:
51:
47:
42:
36:
34:
31:as living in
30:
26:
22:
536:
523:
519:
513:
502:
489:. Routledge.
486:
480:. Macmillan.
477:
465:
462:Halsall, Guy
453:
441:
408:
304:
282:Halsall 2007
256:
238:
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217:
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175:
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158:Gallo-Romans
143:
132:Edward James
127:
123:
111:
107:
97:
80:
76:
68:
66:
54:Roman Empire
37:
20:
18:
172:Arboruchtoi
102:(natives).
90:Ernst Stein
46:Childeric I
550:Categories
514:Lex Salica
386:James 2014
371:James 1982
176:Boructuari
168:Arboruchoi
124:Chonomoris
99:aborigines
81:Armoricani
69:Arborychoi
21:Arborychoi
532:Procopius
401:Poly 1993
335:Poly 2016
239:Arborychi
232:Arborychi
225:Arborychi
218:Arborychi
212:Arborychi
128:Chonoober
67:The name
29:Procopius
534:(1919).
497:(1993).
476:(1982).
464:(2007).
452:(2013).
184:Bructeri
136:Armorica
77:Armorici
50:Clovis I
41:Frankish
526:: 1–25.
440:(ed.).
422:Sources
140:Bretons
116:Conomor
62:Arians
60:, not
436:. In
248:Notes
196:with
154:Seine
150:Loire
73:Latin
25:Greek
198:bant
193:pagi
180:Bede
126:and
110:and
48:and
33:Gaul
19:The
178:of
79:or
552::
524:11
522:.
518:.
501:.
393:^
378:^
361:^
342:^
317:^
289:^
270:^
130:.
112:m
108:b
23:(
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