144:. The electoral system for the Senate switched to direct elections in 1995, dramatically raising the number of female senators, who accounted for 2.8% of the senate in 1995 and 33.3% in 2001. By 2007, 33% of deputies and 24% of senators in the Argentine legislature were female. Although the number of women in office has increased, Elisa Maria Carrio (2012) notes that the male politicians who still dominate Argentina's political parties often place the name of their wives or other female family members on ballots, with the expectation that they will have control over the women's actions once they are elected.
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104:. President Carlos Menem also favored the proposal. It became law as an amendment to the National Electoral Code. Initially, only the women who were not allowed in the party list in the required quota could request in court the compliance of the law; it was amended later to allow any citizen to denounce parties that did not follow the quota.
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enacted similar laws for their domestic elections, each one fitting into the context of their local laws. Each province has a provincial legislature; as of
October 2003, female deputies accounted for 27.9% and female senators accounted for 20.4% of provincial legislatures.
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The law sets a quota of female candidates for each party, which must be both a 80% of the total of candidates, and at least one for each third name in the rank. The success of the law is caused by the characteristics of the
Argentine electoral system. The parties offer a
203:, also adopted a quota law, but later rescinded it. In the 2006 election, the quota law in Ecuador contributed to increasing the representation of women in the nation's legislature from 15% to 25%. In
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in
Argentina, by setting quotas for the minimum representation of women on the ballots of each party at the legislative elections. The law was enacted in 1991, during the presidency of
80:. Following Argentina's lead, eleven other Latin American countries have since introduced gender quotas to increase female representation at the national level.
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and supported by women legislators from other parties. After initial debate in
September 1990, in November 1991 the bill was passed by a large majority of the
361:
Carrio, Elisa Maria (2012). "Argentina: A New Look at the
Challenges of Women's Participation in the Legislature". In Ballington, Julie; Karam, Azza (eds.).
207:, the institution of a quota law helped increase women's share of legislative seats to 23% after the 2005 election, having been only 5.5% previously.
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199:) adopted similar gender quota laws during the following decade, with varying effects on women's share of legislative seats. A twelfth country,
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Dahlerup, Drude (2012). "Increasing Women's
Political Representation: New Trends in Gender Quotas". In Ballington, Julie; Karam, Azza (eds.).
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of candidates, with fixed ranks, and voters must vote for the whole list of a given party. The large district magnitude helps as well.
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Htun, Mala N. (2012). "Women, Political
Parties and Electoral Systems in Latin America". In Ballington, Julie; Karam, Azza (eds.).
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Hinojosa, Magda (2009). "Argentina's Women: Don't Cry For Us". In Gelb, Joyce; Lief Palley, Marian (eds.).
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665:Swiftgate
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614:Laws
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197:Peru
134:2005
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