908:
605:
1404:. Initially, the leaves were depicted as coloured green on the coat of arms because it was thought to represent youth, as opposed to the red colour of dying leaves in autumn. However, they are blazoned as "proper", so could be shown as either red or green, and it is the blazon, rather than any depiction, which is regarded as authoritative. The leaves were later redrawn in official depictions in 1957 with the current colour to be in line with the official colours of Canada. They are further stylized in that natural maple leaves do not grow in sprigs of three. Beginning in the 1960s, there developed an interpretation of the leaves as symbolic of
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1199:, and on the sinister, a unicorn argent armed crined and unguled Or, gorged with a coronet composed of crosses-patée and fleurs-de-lis a chain affixed thereto reflexed of the last, and holding a like lance flying therefrom to the sinister a banner azure charged with three fleurs-de-lis Or; the whole ensigned with the Imperial Crown proper and below the shield upon a wreath composed of roses, thistles, shamrocks and lillies a scroll azure inscribed with the motto
49:
1195:, 4th, azure, three fleurs-de-lis Or, and the third division argent three maple leaves conjoined on one stem proper. And upon a royal helmet mantled argent doubled gules the crest, that is to say, on a wreath of the colours argent and gules a lion passant guardant Or imperially crowned proper and holding in the dexter paw a maple leaf gules. And for supporters on the dexter a lion rampant Or holding a lance argent, point Or, flying therefrom to the dexter the
722:). While unsuccessful in this first attempt, Hicks continued his campaign and was joined by a number of other amateur and professional heraldists. As a journalist in the parliamentary press gallery in Ottawa in the late 1980s and early '90s, Hicks strategically recast the change as something worth doing to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Order of Canada's founding, in 1992; an idea that was endorsed by the Advisory Committee on the Order of Canada.
1654:
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537:, was formed in 1919 to pursue the issue, eventually agreeing that the elements of the new arms would reference the royal arms of England, Ireland, Scotland, and France, with maple leaves representing Canada, though there was at the time no consensus on how the leaves were to be used. A 1917 proposal by Edward Marion Chadwick (who had designed the crest, supporters, and motto of the
698:—at the time, the country's highest civilian honour for merit—be placed around the shield in order to bring these royal arms into line with other royal arms displayed in Canada—holdovers from the time of French, Scottish, and English colonisation—on which a symbol of those countries' highest national order of honour appeared around the shield (the British arms displayed the
729:, established by the Queen in 1988, began to allow for its limited use beginning in 1987, where the arms were used to represent the Queen personally on letters patent granting new arms for distinguished Canadians. These letters patent carried the shield from the royal arms along with the annulus behind the shield bearing the motto of the Order of Canada—
526:
joined Canada, the original four arms were marshalled with the arms of the new members of
Confederation, eventually resulting in a shield with nine quarterings. This occurred by way of popular and even Canadian governmental usage; flag-makers took to using the complex shield on Canadian Red Ensigns.
560:
would imply Canada claimed sovereignty over France. The
Canadian Commissioner-General in Paris discreetly confirmed with French officials that the coat of arms would not spark a diplomatic spat. A counter-proposal from the college added the flags to the supporters and a crown to the lion, as in the
639:
in 1931, Canada and other
Dominions became fully sovereign from the United Kingdom. This had the effect of elevating the Canadian coat of arms, which had been granted as deputed arms for particular uses in a colony, to the status of the royal arms of the King in right of the country, for general
590:
and an unnamed member of the committee stated, "the colours of the shield will become the national colours of the
Dominion the red maple leaf has been used in service flags to denote men who have sacrificed their lives for the country The case for white is that it contains an allusion to snow,
595:
suggested King George V had chosen red and white as Canada's official colours because those were the colours in the wreath and mantling on the arms. However, Forrest Pass, a curator at
Library and Archives Canada, determined there is no record of either the King or the committee giving much
1006:
further states that, "no person shall adopt in connection with a business, as a trade-mark or otherwise, any mark consisting of, or so nearly resembling as to be likely to be mistaken for the arms, crest, or flag adopted and used at any time by Canada." In addition, under Crown copyright,
1408:; the country's different groups of people separate, but also joined together. There is, however, no record from the designing committee indicates there was any intention behind the particular arrangement of the leaves; the choice of three leaves appears to have been aesthetic.
1461:
was amended to include entitlement by all recipients to encircle their own arms with the ribbon if arms are granted to them. Since 1994 the arms used by government ministers and institutions have slowly changed to reflect the new version with the ribbon.
1570:
of royalist France, the three gold fleurs-de-lis on a blue background. Unlike the
British version, the lion is not crowned, nor is it facing the viewer. The broken chain on the unicorn symbolizes the unicorn's resistance to oppression.
1149:, then asked the Canadian Heraldic Authority to design such a symbol and, on 15 February 2008, the Governor General authorized the House of Commons to begin using a badge, consisting of the shield of the royal arms superimposed on the
2768:
Canada
Symbols of Sovereignty: An investigation of the arms and seals borne from the earliest times to the present in connection with public authority in and over Canada. along with consideration of some connected
527:
None of those shields, besides the original four-segment version of 1868, were ever official in any sense, nor were any of these shields a national "coat of arms", as they had never been approved by the monarch.
951:(RCMP). In the latter two, the most senior non-commissioned ranks wear the 1957 version of the arms as a badge of rank, representing the fact that they have received the King's warrant (as opposed to the
1902:
992:
As the royal arms are personal to the sovereign, they cannot be used without the King's consent. The coat of arms "as designed in 1921 and revised in 1957 in 1994" are "protected under the
530:
Heraldists considered nine quarterings on a shield as too convoluted for a national symbol and, by 1915, a push had begun to design a new coat of arms for Canada. A committee, which included
1007:"permission is always required when the work is being revised, adapted, or translated, regardless if the purpose of the reproduction is for personal or public non-commercial distribution."
3952:
580:. The new layout closely reflected the arms of the United Kingdom, with the addition of maple leaves in the base and the reference to the French royal arms in the fourth quarter.
1002:
and cannot be used or reproduced without authorization." Further, "marks and designs similar to the official symbols are pursued as a copyright or trade-mark infringement." The
495:. (That Nova Scotia had previously been granted arms was forgotten and it took until 1929 for the historic arms granted in the 17th century to be reinstated.) In that warrant,
4668:
1912:
1388:
symbol that became gradually identified with the entire country throughout the end of the 19th century. The arrangement of three leaves on one sprig was first seen on a
1157:
then requested and obtained, exactly two months later, a similar badge for itself, with the shield of the royal arms surmounted on the mace assigned to the Senate.
4913:
3945:
1252:
headed by a sovereign king or queen. This style of crown was that preferred by Queen
Elizabeth II, and was modernized in 1957 from the 1921 design, which used the
931:
uses the arms to represent the state under the
Federal Identity Program and as a mark of authority for various government agencies and representatives, including
3515:
561:
British arms, and placed the three fleurs-de-lis between two green maple leaves in the fifth charge on the shield, below the four charges of the arms of the UK.
1277:
is based on the Royal Crest of the United
Kingdom but differenced by the addition of a maple leaf, and symbolizes the sovereignty of Canada. It appears on the
2719:
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784:
featuring maple leaves, a snowflake, and symbols with meaning to Canada's Indigenous peoples. The authority stated changes will take place in due course.
4819:
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1980:
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1369:. The fourth quarter shows the Royal Banner of France or "Bourbon Flag" with three gold fleurs-de-lis on blue field arranged two and one, symbolizing
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4688:
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3088:
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Bruce M. Hicks (2010). "Use of Non-Traditional Evidence: A case study using heraldry to examine competing theories for Canada's Confederation".
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purposes throughout the country. They thus replaced the British coat of arms, which had previously been arms of general purpose throughout the
3697:
2690:
1281:, symbolizing that the Governor-General is a representative of the Sovereign. The crest consists of a crowned gold lion standing on a twisted
541:) sparked a discussion about featuring First Nations figures as supporters. Though Chadwick had depicted the clothing and regalia accurately,
3313:
2016:
1499:, then-Under Secretary of State, when the Arms were redesigned in 1921. The motto was originally used in 1906 on the head of the mace of the
795:
5156:
4906:
4693:
4122:
2123:
644:, in courtrooms and on government buildings to represent the reigning monarch. This change can be seen in the Great Seal of Canada of King
4850:
1509:
called for the amendment of the motto to better reflect the vast geographic nature of Canada's territory, as Canada has coastlines on the
4660:
5086:
4295:
4284:
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The full achievement of the coat of arms has been used by the Canadian government on occasion on a plain red flag, such as in 1967 for
17:
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3171:
2149:
1749:
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472:
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1930:
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2604:
1555:
460:
365:
3744:
3624:
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2469:
2417:
2395:
2317:
1153:(assigned to the House of Commons as a symbol of the royal authority under which it operates). Following the Commons example, the
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3397:
3375:
2837:
2012:
3844:
4976:
4345:
2092:
1278:
1118:
1089:
1040:
977:. It is also used on a flag in its full achievement in military ceremonies, such as Canadian Armed Forces Tattoo performances.
428:
316:
3817:
3646:
848:
733:. As soon as royal approval was forthcoming, the full achievement was redesigned for use by the federal government within the
596:
importance to the mantling and the royal proclamation of the coat of arms makes no mention of national colours, specifically.
5247:
5026:
2086:
907:
769:
3519:
2288:
2172:
5242:
5207:
4518:
4218:
1722:
1500:
648:, where the royal arms of Canada replaced the British arms, and is even more evident in the Great Seal of Canada for Queen
3264:
2235:
970:. Permanent resident cards issued from 2015 feature a holographic representation of the 1957 version of the coat of arms.
5041:
4936:
3197:
523:
5126:
75:
Approved by order in council on 21 April 1921, and by royal proclamation on 21 November 1921. last revised 12 July 1994.
5252:
5227:
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3902:
2069:
1869:
5237:
5232:
5212:
5202:
5046:
4723:
4312:
3120:
2806:
2729:
2212:
2053:
806:
3867:
781:
4784:
4779:
4718:
4492:
4178:
4115:
2365:
1673:
1020:
959:
749:
680:
2542:
1023:, for use by the monarch in Canada and when representing Canada abroad. Between 1962 and 2022, the banner of arms
507:. While this was not done for the first Great Seal, it was through that reference that the arrangement became the
5187:
5182:
4774:
4511:
1865:
1829:
4568:
2904:
1113:, Bruce Hicks campaigned for the Canadian Parliament to have a distinct heraldic symbol, along the lines of the
5146:
4870:
4834:
4769:
4759:
891:
703:
591:
which is characteristic of our climate and our landscape in certain seasons." In the 1940s, military historian
4880:
4855:
4683:
3541:
3490:
2578:
1987:
1039:
were created in the 2010s, all using a similar design with the banner of the arms as their base. The personal
1036:
814:
420:
368:, with French and distinctive Canadian elements replacing or added to those derived from the British version.
5141:
4431:
4426:
4361:
4188:
4015:
2964:
2753:
1957:
1690:
1130:
963:
948:
492:
3464:
5151:
4764:
4635:
4441:
4436:
4228:
1744:
1496:
542:
4865:
3920:
3343:
2867:
5192:
5121:
5031:
4981:
4941:
4875:
4860:
4421:
4351:
4322:
4269:
4203:
4108:
1737:
1700:
1454:
726:
688:
636:
577:
488:
468:
396:
604:
576:, as the Arms or Ensigns Armorial of the Dominion of Canada;. the committee records were preserved with
5197:
5116:
5111:
5106:
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4741:
4446:
4341:
3961:
3748:
3545:
3494:
3092:
3024:
2145:
1769:
1405:
1093:
753:
587:
463:
served in Canada as the symbol of royal authority. Arms had not been granted to any of the colonies in
5096:
3778:
3317:
2443:
1562:. The Scottish unicorn has a gold horn, a gold mane, gold hooves, and around its neck a gold, chained
1392:
poster in 1850. They were first proposed as a symbol in 1834, were established in 1868 on the arms of
1176:
Tierced in fesse the first and second divisions containing the quarterly coat following, namely, 1st,
545:
rejected the idea, stating, "I myself do not see any necessity for commemorating the Indians at all."
5101:
5016:
4991:
4922:
4804:
4553:
4451:
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4155:
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1678:
1412:
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610:
A draft of the royal arms of Canada by Canadian heraldic artist Alexander Scott Carter, drawn in 1920
416:
3299:
618:
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5001:
4971:
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4289:
4259:
4254:
4183:
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1732:
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with the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada visible at the cuff on the uniform sleeve, as a badge of rank
912:
734:
715:
412:
2020:
879:
867:
765:
586:, the Deputy Minister of Defence, claimed in 1918 that the design of the arms would determine the
5081:
5076:
5006:
4986:
4809:
4598:
4274:
4249:
4213:
4208:
4173:
3290:
3149:
3091:. Her Majesty the Queen of Canada as represented by the Minister of Public Safety. Archived from
3020:
1754:
1715:
1705:
1668:
1567:
1446:
1389:
1362:
1249:
985:
940:
757:
756:
calling on the government to amend the coat of arms to incorporate symbols representing Canada's
592:
538:
480:
444:
415:. Elements of the coat of arms are also used in other designs, with the shield being used in the
1558:. The English lion stands on the viewer's left and holds a gold-pointed silver lance flying the
5021:
5011:
4951:
4534:
4356:
4264:
4223:
4044:
1774:
1727:
1710:
1589:
1442:
1134:
1126:
998:
719:
711:
484:
456:
236:
2994:
5071:
4996:
4233:
3990:
3925:
1759:
1601:
1575:
1506:
1358:
1334:
1328:
1241:
944:
802:
738:
676:
500:
464:
2633:
2343:
1802:
4966:
4578:
4573:
4414:
4062:
1486:
1342:
1202:
952:
928:
924:
840:
707:
668:
504:
408:
404:
3175:
8:
3065:
1934:
1370:
1306:, which is a barred helm of gold embossed with a maple leaf design looking outward, with
1062:
974:
699:
628:, September 1921, with an arrangement of fleurs-de-lis rejected by the Canadian committee
553:
512:
281:
2668:
2608:
725:
It took until 1994 for the Queen to approve the new design for general use; though, the
548:
The arms' design was settled by the following year and the committee conferred with the
4384:
3752:
3620:
3598:
3295:
2638:
2473:
2421:
2391:
2321:
1597:
1085:
531:
357:
65:
3401:
2942:
1043:
has, since 1981, featured the crest of the royal arms of Canada on a blue background.
572:
on 21 April 1921 and adopted on 21 November of the same year, by proclamation of King
142:, the first and second divisions containing the quarterly coat following, namely, 1st
4645:
4558:
4394:
4131:
3898:
3891:
2802:
2725:
2504:
2233:
2208:
2082:
2049:
1466:
1377:
1346:
1106:
1024:
967:
932:
684:
565:
130:
4625:
3809:
2073:
962:—printed on each bill in a way that functions as a security feature,—as well as the
4650:
4404:
4389:
3921:
Registration of the Arms and Supporters of Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada
3650:
2766:
Swann, Conrad. "Chapter I, Arms of dominion and sovereignty and public authority".
1559:
1385:
1274:
1188:
1154:
920:
836:
569:
424:
387:
353:
80:
3369:
3045:
1187:, 2nd, Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory gules, 3rd,
4640:
4409:
4376:
4084:
2292:
2202:
2176:
2043:
1659:
1458:
1438:
1338:
1215:
was added around the shield for limited use in 1987 and for general use in 1994.
1212:
1181:
1150:
1129:
tabled a motion calling for a committee to be struck, which passed and Hicks and
695:
625:
549:
400:
392:
381:
345:
287:
3722:
3569:
3423:
2017:"Features > 2008 > Modern Canadian Victoria Cross unveiled at Rideau Hall"
1400:
and officially became the national emblem in 1965, with the proclamation of the
583:
395:
was added to the arms for limited use in 1987. The arms are registered with the
4710:
4548:
4150:
4145:
4020:
3995:
3980:
3268:
2532:
2239:
1931:"The Commission > Publications > Outlook With Vision: Annual Report 2001"
1514:
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1401:
1310:
of white and red, stylized in the official version to look like maple leaves.
1146:
1122:
1110:
1016:
641:
534:
496:
297:
273:
552:
in London, only to face resistance to the use of the UK's royal arms from the
192:
5176:
4583:
4399:
4089:
3930:
2905:"Some Observations on the Queen, the Crown, the Constitution, and the Courts"
2508:
1645:
1518:
1366:
1184:
777:
476:
4891:
3368:
Fraser, Alistair B (30 January 1998). "Chapter II, Canada's Head of State".
1986:(2 ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 40. Archived from
1873:
4751:
4588:
4563:
2749:
2204:
Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: An Introduction to Our Form of Government
1613:
1510:
1354:
1071:
1051:
1032:
1028:
855:
691:
649:
557:
448:
372:
361:
3398:"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion – Personal Flags and Standards"
2124:"The Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada, Vol. IV, p. 457"
1420:
4824:
4593:
4503:
3220:
2665:"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion – The arms of Canada (page 2)"
1253:
1138:
773:
664:
660:
61:
48:
3311:
2369:
2234:
Department of Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada (2 October 2014).
1303:
4010:
4000:
3240:
2784:
The Campaign to Change the Royal Arms of Canada (Hogtown Heraldry 12:4)
2536:
1620:
1593:
1547:
1245:
1196:
1114:
958:
The arms of Canada is also present on all pre-polymer denominations of
745:
672:
516:
439:
242:
94:
1592:, which is made up of the floral emblems of the founding nations. The
4100:
645:
175:
2940:
2144:
2068:
1172:
of Canada's coat of arms, as declared in the 1921 proclamation, is:
4733:
4079:
4037:
4005:
2628:
2626:
1609:
1350:
1307:
1248:
of Canada's monarchs. This element represents Canada's status as a
1166:
821:
573:
250:
3400:. Minister of Public Works and Government Services. Archived from
2968:
568:, the new arms of Canada were eventually formally requested by an
3649:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. 28 April 2004. Archived from
1928:
1907:
1612:
are the symbols of Scotland and Ireland, respectively, while the
1605:
1563:
1551:
1534:
1453:. With the patriation of oversight of arms to Canada through the
1437:, meaning "desiring a better country", which is the motto of the
1397:
1289:
1285:
of red and white silk and holding a maple leaf in its right paw.
1260:
859:
246:
56:
2623:
2605:"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion – The arms of Canada"
1314:
1137:, were called as the only two expert witnesses; though, Senator
4371:
1911:. Commons. 5 December 1995. col. 1410–1415. Archived from
1864:
1492:
1393:
1341:
that have been a symbol of England since at least the reign of
1192:
1169:
564:
After some manoeuvring, including the personal intervention of
376:
364:
of Canada. In use since 1921, it is closely modelled after the
3445:
Hicks, Bruce, "A 'Call to Arms' for the Canadian Parliament",
2892:. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. 2010. p. 106.
1125:
in the British Parliament). In response, Member of Parliament
780:
on 6 May 2023, the Canadian Heraldic Authority revealed a new
663:
so as to have red leaves and to change the royal crown from a
3595:"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion – You were asking"
3086:
1480:
1381:
1282:
1177:
761:
262:
105:
3016:
2866:. The Governor General of Canada. 6 May 2023. Archived from
2756:
in 1961 set the country's official colours as red and white.
1616:
has been the royal symbol of France since the 12th century.
1550:
the shield on either side are the English lion and Scottish
1445:
11:16. This component was added by the Queen in 1987 on the
1031:
formed the Queen's Personal Canadian Flag, for use by Queen
3046:
Canadian Forces Department of History and Heritage (2010).
1357:, used as a symbol of Scotland since at least the reign of
1035:. Six additional standards for use by other members of the
980:
254:
3342:. Office of the Governor General of Canada. Archived from
3267:. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Archived from
2011:
379:"proper" (i.e., in natural colour), were originally drawn
3926:
Arms & Badges – Royal Arms of Canada, A Brief History
3312:
Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (5 March 2013).
2799:
The Order of Canada: Its Origins, History and Development
988:
courtroom displaying the Arms of Canada on the focal wall
511:
arms for Canada until 1921, which were used on the first
3516:"Library of Parliament – Canadian symbols at Parliament"
2366:"Heraldry and Flags: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage"
1596:
is the floral badge of England and Wales, combining the
1566:
of crosses and fleurs-de-lis; it holds a lance flying a
737:. The present design of the arms of Canada was drawn by
3241:
The News and Eastern Townships Advocate (25 May 1967).
2991:"Prime Minister of Canada / Premier ministre du Canada"
2081:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. pp. 38, 61.
671:, as preferred by Queen Elizabeth II. To mark the 1982
556:, as well as concern over whether the inclusion of the
3597:. Canadian Heritage. 24 September 2007. Archived from
2472:. Canadian Heritage. 24 September 2007. Archived from
2444:"Nova Scotia/Nouvelle-Ecosse – Coat-of-Arms/Le blason"
2041:
499:
authorized the four arms of the first provinces to be
3145:
2392:"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion – Ontario"
2368:. Memorial University of Newfoundland. Archived from
3888:
3262:
2941:
Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (10 May 2012).
2918:(1), Edmonton: Centre for Constitutional Studies: 63
2748:, Nathan Tidridge argued that the creation of Queen
2418:"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion – Quebec"
2289:"Royal Heraldry Society of Canada: The Coat of Arms"
1872:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
1635:
1096:. All designs take elements from the Arms of Canada.
741:, Fraser Herald at the Canadian Heraldic Authority.
4468:
Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada
3316:. Government of Canada Publications. Archived from
2990:
2718:Tidridge, Nathan (2011). Thompson, Allister (ed.).
1765:
List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols
1337:at the viewer's top left contains the three golden
3890:
3218:
2175:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
1827:
1240:The coat of arms are surmounted by a rendition of
768:peoples, as Chadwick had suggested in 1917. After
3725:. Canadian Heraldic Authority. 27 September 2005
3465:"The Speaker – House of Commons Canada – Welcome"
3146:"Royal Canadian Mint – Monnaie Royale Canadienne"
2824:The Arms of Canada (Ottawa: Government of Canada)
2667:. Canadian Heritage. 23 June 2008. Archived from
2607:. Canadian Heritage. 23 June 2008. Archived from
1384:leaves at the bottom, is, at first, a distinctly
1145:, on behalf of the Senate. The Commons' Speaker,
5174:
3868:"'To sea' or not 'to sea': that is the question"
2838:"Coat of arms ignores aboriginal people, MP say"
2420:. Canadian Heritage. 21 May 2008. Archived from
2320:. Canadian Heritage. 21 May 2008. Archived from
1010:
170:three maple leaves conjoined on one stem proper.
89:or imperially crowned proper and holding in the
3064:. Forces.gc.ca. 30 October 2008. Archived from
2599:
2597:
679:, which finally ended the last vestiges of the
451:replicated on the present Canadian coat of arms
411:uses the arms to represent the state under the
342:Arms of His Majesty The King in Right of Canada
223:, holding a like lance flying therefrom to the
32:Arms of His Majesty The King in Right of Canada
3960:
3200:. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
3087:Royal Canadian Mounted Police (7 April 2014).
2967:. Office of the Prime Minister. Archived from
2713:
2711:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2494:
2173:"The Coat of Arms of Canada – A Short History"
1903:"Statements by Members – Royal Arms of Canada"
427:of the arms serving as the focal point of the
4921:
4907:
4519:
4116:
3946:
3882:
2821:
2312:
2310:
2196:
2194:
1830:"The Canadian Heraldic Authority – Approvals"
308:The whole ensigned by the royal crown proper.
3807:
3715:
3639:
2890:Ceremonial and Procedural Handbook of Canada
2594:
2470:"Canadian Symbols Promotion – New Brunswick"
2238:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
2019:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
1933:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
1521:Oceans. Two suggestions for a new motto are
1457:the following year, the constitution of the
36:
3491:"Public Register of Arms- House of Commons"
3457:
3172:"Passport Canada: Features of the Passport"
2708:
2646:
1484:
1200:
291:
267:
4914:
4900:
4533:
4526:
4512:
4123:
4109:
3953:
3939:
3772:
3770:
3589:
3587:
3363:
3361:
3062:"National Defence and the Canadian Forces"
2945:. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2358:
2344:"RSNL1990 CHAPTER C-20 – COAT OF ARMS ACT"
2318:"Canadian Symbols Promotion – Nova Scotia"
2307:
2191:
1955:
47:
3889:Lewis, Philippa; Darley, Gillian (1986).
3745:"The Constitution of the Order of Canada"
3564:
3562:
3164:
3009:
2336:
2042:Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Gary (2002).
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1860:
1858:
1750:Coat of arms of the Northwest Territories
1696:Coat of arms of Newfoundland and Labrador
300:for 'desiring a better country'))
154:, 2nd, or a lion rampant within a double
4488:Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
3865:
3534:
3483:
3017:"Supreme Court of Canada – Welcome Page"
2965:"Prime Minister of Canada: The Ministry"
2801:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
2796:
2790:
2717:
2632:
2394:. Canadian Heritage. 24 September 2007.
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2200:
1505:In March 2006, the premiers of Canada's
1345:. The second quarter bears the red lion
979:
906:
683:'s role in amending the constitution, a
461:royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
438:
366:royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
350:Armoiries de Sa Majesté Le Roi du Canada
38:Armoiries de Sa Majesté Le Roi du Canada
3986:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
3767:
3584:
3358:
3190:
2771:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
2724:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 222.
2515:
2346:. Earl G. Tucker, Queen's Printer. 2006
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
1929:Military Police Complaints Commission.
1554:, which are also the supporters of the
14:
5175:
4130:
3838:
3559:
3471:from the original on 28 September 2008
3438:
3378:from the original on 17 September 2008
3367:
2997:from the original on 30 September 2008
2936:
2934:
2932:
2902:
2815:
2797:McCreery, Christopher (January 2005).
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2545:from the original on 15 September 2008
2533:"Chapter I, Canada's National Symbols"
2531:Fraser, Alistair B (30 January 1998).
2530:
2207:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 71.
2048:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 35.
1958:"Currency Museum > Learning Centre"
1924:
1922:
1888:
1855:
1797:
1795:
1090:flag of the governor general of Canada
687:student named Bruce Hicks proposed to
4895:
4507:
4104:
3934:
3843:. Theglobeandmail.com. Archived from
3801:
3113:
2775:
2759:
2450:from the original on 10 December 2008
2098:from the original on 22 November 2009
1981:"Pro Valore: Canada's Victoria Cross"
1588:The entire coat of arms rests on the
1117:(variations of which are used by the
975:the country's centennial celebrations
787:
219:a chain affixed thereto and reflexed
3820:from the original on 13 October 2008
3810:"Time to herald our northern coast?"
3703:. Canadian Heritage. 2008. p. 9
3627:from the original on 6 December 2008
3263:Government of Canada (1 June 2012).
3219:Flags of the World (February 2004).
3152:from the original on 4 December 2008
2983:
2957:
2696:. Canadian Heritage. 2008. p. 6
2576:
2398:from the original on 22 October 2008
2254:
2236:"Canadian Flags of the Royal Family"
2146:Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat
1978:
1723:Coat of arms of Prince Edward Island
1501:Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
921:those of the sovereign and the state
211:, gorged with a coronet composed of
187:, point or, flying therefrom to the
3789:from the original on 17 August 2007
3647:"The History of Heraldry in Canada"
3126:. Bank of Canada / Banque du Canada
3027:from the original on 9 October 2008
2929:
2580:Five Myths about the Arms of Canada
2557:
2497:British Journal of Canadian Studies
1919:
1792:
1495:72:8. This phrase was suggested by
391:(red) in 1957 and a circlet of the
24:
4607:
3839:Deveau, Scott (3 September 2006).
3785:. Historica Foundation of Canada.
3048:Canadian Forces Dress Instructions
2577:Pass, Forrest (21 November 2021),
2070:Citizenship and Immigration Canada
1619:
1574:
1533:
1529:(from the sea to the other seas).
1465:
1419:
1411:The shield forms the basis of the
1313:
1288:
1259:
659:By 1957, the arms were redrawn by
447:from 1589 to 1792, with the three
227:a banner azure charged with three
156:tressure flory-counter-flory gules
25:
5264:
3914:
3751:. 6 December 2005. Archived from
3723:"The Canadian Heraldic Authority"
3570:"Symbols of the Governor General"
3542:"Public Register of Arms- Senate"
3444:
3424:"Symbols of the Governor General"
3302:at Department of Justice Canada)
3174:. Passport Canada. Archived from
2844:from the original on 22 June 2008
2781:
2765:
2642:. 22 November 1921. p. 9242.
2126:. The Canadian Heraldic Authority
1828:Cook, Sheila-Marie (March 2007).
1353:in a double treasure border with
5223:Coats of arms with fleurs de lis
5037:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4493:Royal Heraldry Society of Canada
3808:Andrew Chung (28 October 2007).
3776:
3050:. Ottawa: Canadian Armed Forces.
2993:. Office of the Prime Minister.
2912:Review of Constitutional Studies
2746:Canada's Constitutional Monarchy
2721:Canada's Constitutional Monarchy
1674:Coat of arms of British Columbia
1652:
1638:
1180:three lions passant guardant in
1104:Speakers of the House of Commons
1070:
1061:
1050:
890:
878:
866:
847:
828:
813:
794:
712:arms of the French Ancien RĂ©gime
617:
603:
158:, 3rd, azure a harp or stringed
3859:
3832:
3737:
3690:
3665:
3613:
3508:
3416:
3390:
3332:
3305:
3283:
3256:
3234:
3212:
3138:
3107:
3080:
3054:
3039:
2896:
2882:
2856:
2830:
2738:
2683:
2488:
2462:
2436:
2410:
2384:
2227:
2221:
2165:
2138:
2116:
2110:
2062:
1908:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1866:Department of Canadian Heritage
1331:is divided into five sections.
911:A chief warrant officer of the
166:, and the third division being
4835:Canadian Coronation Contingent
3677:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
2035:
2013:Department of National Defence
2005:
1972:
1949:
1821:
1807:The Governor General of Canada
1361:. The third quarter shows the
515:carried by Canadian troops at
276:for 'from sea to sea')
13:
1:
4830:Royal and viceroyal transport
4016:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
3447:Canadian Parliamentary Review
2583:, Library and Archives Canada
2446:. Government of Nova Scotia.
1786:
1691:Coat of arms of New Brunswick
1525:(from sea to sea to sea) and
1491:(From sea to sea), a part of
1435:desiderantes meliorem patriam
1244:, which has been used in the
1011:Designs derived from the arms
949:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
731:Desiderantes meliorem patriam
360:and, thus, also the official
293:Desiderantes meliorem patriam
5248:Coats of arms with shamrocks
5162:United States Virgin Islands
3221:"Canadian Coat of Arms flag"
2154:, Queen's Printer for Canada
1960:. Queen's Printer for Canada
1745:Coat of arms of Saskatchewan
1279:flag of the Governor-General
1218:
1041:flag of the governor general
748:introduced, in June 2008, a
624:A counter-proposal from the
475:. Arms were then granted by
419:belonging to members of the
334:Royal Coat of Arms of Canada
317:Arms of Canada, revised 1957
183:: a lion or holding a lance
85:Upon a royal helmet, a lion
7:
5243:Coats of arms with thistles
5208:Coats of arms with unicorns
3298:1985, c. T-13, s. 9(1(e)) (
2943:"Legal Protection (Canada)"
1870:"Canada: Symbols of Canada"
1738:Coat of arms of Quebec City
1701:Coat of arms of Nova Scotia
1631:
1455:Canadian Heraldic Authority
1102:With the support of former
727:Canadian Heraldic Authority
578:Library and Archives Canada
403:; they are used to signify
397:Canadian Heraldic Authority
338:armoiries royales du Canada
10:
5269:
4377:extraordinary and emeritus
3962:National symbols of Canada
3866:CBC News (10 March 2006).
3749:Governor General of Canada
3546:Governor General of Canada
3495:Governor General of Canada
3089:"RCMP Badges and Insignia"
2903:Newman, Warren J. (2017),
1770:National symbols of Canada
1094:House of Commons of Canada
1019:was in 2023 also made the
588:national colours of Canada
467:, apart from 17th century
434:
385:(green), but were redrawn
18:Arms of the King of Canada
5253:Coats of arms with chains
5228:Coats of arms with lilies
5218:Coats of arms with crowns
5137:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5055:
4929:
4923:Armorial of North America
4843:
4797:
4750:
4732:
4709:
4702:
4659:
4618:
4605:
4541:
4480:
4460:
4370:
4334:
4321:
4305:
4242:
4194:Newfoundland and Labrador
4164:
4156:Royal Standards of Canada
4138:
4072:
4054:
4029:
3968:
3783:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3265:"Royal arms and insignia"
3198:"Permanent Resident Card"
2201:Tidridge, Nathan (2011).
1679:Coat of arms of Vancouver
1413:royal standards of Canada
1406:Canadian multiculturalism
1201:
1160:
524:provinces and territories
312:
304:
280:
261:
235:
174:
129:
104:
79:
71:
55:
46:
31:
5238:Coats of arms with flags
5233:Coats of arms with roses
5213:Coats of arms with harps
5203:Coats of arms with lions
5157:Turks and Caicos Islands
3841:"From sea to sea to sea"
3467:. Parliament of Canada.
2151:Federal Identity Program
1781:
1733:Coat of arms of Montreal
1686:Coat of arms of Manitoba
919:The coat of arms, being
913:Royal Canadian Air Force
735:Federal Identity Program
716:Order of the Holy Spirit
635:With the passage of the
413:Federal Identity Program
4599:Royal Christmas Message
3621:"Royal Arms of Britain"
3314:"About Crown Copyright"
3021:Supreme Court of Canada
1755:Coat of arms of Nunavut
1716:Coat of arms of Toronto
1706:Coat of arms of Ontario
1669:Coat of arms of Alberta
1390:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day
1250:constitutional monarchy
986:Supreme Court of Canada
854:1907–1921, addition of
835:1873–1907, addition of
820:1870–1873, addition of
807:four founding provinces
667:to one more resembling
593:Archer Fortescue Duguid
539:coat of arms of Ontario
429:governor general's flag
417:various royal standards
340:) or, formally, as the
5188:National coats of arms
5183:Canadian coats of arms
5087:British Virgin Islands
4785:Platinum Jubilee, 2022
4780:Sapphire Jubilee, 2017
4612:
4535:Canadian royal symbols
4045:The Maple Leaf Forever
3893:Dictionary of Ornament
3779:"A Mari usque ad Mare"
2291:. RHSC. Archived from
1775:Canadian royal symbols
1728:Coat of arms of Quebec
1711:Coat of arms of Ottawa
1624:
1579:
1538:
1523:A mari ad mare ad mare
1485:
1483:of Canada is in Latin
1470:
1424:
1318:
1302:The arms show a royal
1293:
1264:
1209:
1135:Chief Herald of Canada
1027:with a variant of the
989:
916:
902:
720:Order of Saint Michael
694:that the motto of the
637:Statute of Westminster
452:
445:Royal Banner of France
349:
337:
329:
326:coat of arms of Canada
292:
268:
37:
5027:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4775:Diamond Jubilee, 2012
4724:Diamond Jubilee, 1897
4611:
4199:Northwest Territories
2840:. CBC. 20 June 2008.
2045:Fifty Years the Queen
1760:Coat of arms of Yukon
1623:
1602:Red Rose of Lancaster
1578:
1537:
1527:A mari usque ad maria
1469:
1433:The ribbon is marked
1423:
1317:
1292:
1263:
1174:
1141:joined the committee
1037:Canadian royal family
983:
945:Canadian Armed Forces
923:, is used to signify
910:
744:Member of Parliament
739:Cathy Bursey-Sabourin
677:Canadian constitution
652:, on which the title
479:, on 26 May 1868, to
469:grants to Nova Scotia
465:British North America
442:
332:), also known as the
4770:Golden Jubilee, 2002
4760:Silver Jubilee, 1977
4742:Silver Jubilee, 1935
4719:Golden Jubilee, 1887
4579:Canadian Royal Crown
4574:Great Seal of Canada
4549:Royal Arms of Canada
4219:Prince Edward Island
4063:A mari usque ad mare
3601:on 24 September 2008
3522:on 19 September 2012
3023:. 4 September 2008.
2671:on 24 September 2008
2611:on 24 September 2008
2424:on 10 September 2008
2324:on 25 September 2008
1993:on 23 September 2015
1487:a mari usque ad mare
1203:A mari usque ad mare
1080:(Top to bottom) the
966:and on the cover of
925:national sovereignty
841:Prince Edward Island
782:Canadian Royal Crown
708:Order of the Thistle
505:Great Seal of Canada
405:national sovereignty
399:and protected under
269:A Mari usque ad Mare
5042:Trinidad and Tobago
4937:Antigua and Barbuda
4372:Heralds in ordinary
4362:Deputy Chief Herald
3698:"Symbols of Canada"
3371:The Flags of Canada
2864:"New Royal emblems"
2822:Canadian Heritage.
2691:"Symbols of Canada"
2538:The Flags of Canada
2148:(31 January 2003),
1937:on 24 February 2012
1211:The circlet of the
1191:a harp Or stringed
1092:; the badge of the
939:within it, and the
927:and ownership. The
710:, and the royalist
704:Scottish royal arms
700:Order of the Garter
554:Garter King of Arms
330:Armoiries du Canada
162:, 4th, azure three
5193:Monarchy of Canada
4977:Dominican Republic
4765:Ruby Jubilee, 1992
4636:Crown corporations
4613:
4132:Heraldry in Canada
3847:on 30 January 2012
3121:"Check to Protect"
3095:on 13 October 2016
2639:The London Gazette
2295:on 1 December 2008
2179:on 19 January 2012
2023:on 2 December 2009
1625:
1598:White Rose of York
1580:
1539:
1471:
1425:
1319:
1294:
1265:
1242:St. Edward's Crown
1017:banner of the arms
990:
968:Canadian passports
960:Canadian banknotes
929:federal government
917:
788:Armorial evolution
689:Secretary of State
681:British parliament
532:Dominion Archivist
453:
409:federal government
313:Earlier version(s)
286:The ribbon of the
5198:Canadian heraldry
5170:
5169:
5059:other territories
4889:
4888:
4793:
4792:
4631:Royal commissions
4501:
4500:
4476:
4475:
4352:Herald Chancellor
4098:
4097:
3623:. Heraldica.org.
3271:on 2 January 2016
3243:"The Minute Book"
2971:on 2 October 2008
2242:on 2 January 2016
2088:978-1-100-12739-2
1915:on 10 March 2009.
1629:
1628:
1507:three territories
1380:, a sprig of red
1086:monarch in Canada
953:King's Commission
943:, as well as the
685:McGill University
669:St Edward's Crown
566:Winston Churchill
322:
321:
16:(Redirected from
5260:
5127:Saint Barthélemy
5057:Dependencies and
4930:Sovereign states
4916:
4909:
4902:
4893:
4892:
4707:
4706:
4651:Crown Collection
4610:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4505:
4504:
4342:Governor General
4332:
4331:
4179:British Columbia
4167:territorial arms
4125:
4118:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4021:Sugar maple tree
3955:
3948:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3909:
3908:
3896:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3702:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3591:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3566:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3518:. Archived from
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3309:
3303:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3125:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2938:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2909:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2763:
2757:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2644:
2643:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2574:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2528:
2513:
2512:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2285:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2080:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1956:Bank of Canada.
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1834:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1560:Royal Union Flag
1490:
1223:
1222:
1206:
1205:
1074:
1065:
1054:
1021:sovereign's flag
894:
882:
870:
851:
837:British Columbia
832:
817:
805:the arms of the
798:
754:House of Commons
621:
607:
570:order-in-council
358:Canadian monarch
354:arms of dominion
295:
271:
229:fleurs-de-lis or
193:Royal Union Flag
164:fleurs-de-lis or
148:passant guardant
87:passant guardant
51:
42:
41:
40:
29:
28:
21:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5060:
5058:
5051:
4925:
4920:
4890:
4885:
4839:
4820:Royal patronage
4789:
4746:
4728:
4698:
4655:
4641:Crown copyright
4614:
4608:
4603:
4569:King's Birthday
4554:Royal standards
4537:
4532:
4502:
4497:
4472:
4456:
4375:
4366:
4326:
4324:
4317:
4301:
4238:
4166:
4160:
4134:
4129:
4099:
4094:
4085:Parliament Hill
4068:
4050:
4025:
3964:
3959:
3917:
3912:
3905:
3887:
3883:
3873:
3871:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3837:
3833:
3823:
3821:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3777:Lamb, W. Kaye.
3775:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3654:
3653:on 6 March 2009
3645:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3550:
3548:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3404:on 21 June 2008
3396:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3366:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3340:"Royal Emblems"
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3310:
3306:
3300:Trade-marks Act
3291:Trade-marks Act
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3261:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3181:
3179:
3178:on 8 March 2009
3170:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3044:
3040:
3030:
3028:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2919:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2795:
2791:
2780:
2776:
2764:
2760:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2716:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2647:
2631:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2586:
2584:
2575:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2529:
2516:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2372:on 2 April 2008
2364:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2215:
2199:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2078:
2075:Discover Canada
2067:
2063:
2056:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1979:Reynolds, Ken.
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1927:
1920:
1901:
1900:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1876:on 24 June 2016
1863:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1809:. 15 March 2005
1801:
1800:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1660:Heraldry portal
1658:
1653:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1556:UK coat of arms
1459:Order of Canada
1439:Order of Canada
1386:French Canadian
1221:
1213:Order of Canada
1163:
1151:ceremonial mace
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1013:
1004:Trade-marks Act
994:Trade-marks Act
955:for officers).
905:
898:
895:
886:
883:
874:
871:
862:
852:
843:
833:
824:
818:
809:
799:
790:
696:Order of Canada
654:Queen of Canada
633:
632:
631:
630:
629:
626:College of Arms
622:
613:
612:
611:
608:
550:College of Arms
503:for use on the
437:
401:Crown copyright
393:Order of Canada
375:in the shield,
288:Order of Canada
117:, the mantling
35:
34:
33:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5266:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5147:Sint Eustatius
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5092:Cayman Islands
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4919:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4896:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4663:
4661:Postage stamps
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4646:King's Printer
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4531:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4338:
4336:
4329:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4243:Municipal arms
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4165:Provincial and
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4151:Flag of Canada
4148:
4146:Arms of Canada
4142:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3996:Canadian horse
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3958:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3916:
3915:External links
3913:
3911:
3910:
3904:978-0394509310
3903:
3881:
3858:
3831:
3800:
3766:
3755:on 30 May 2011
3736:
3714:
3689:
3664:
3638:
3612:
3583:
3558:
3533:
3507:
3482:
3456:
3437:
3415:
3389:
3357:
3346:on 14 May 2023
3331:
3320:on 4 June 2013
3304:
3282:
3255:
3233:
3211:
3189:
3163:
3137:
3112:
3106:
3079:
3068:on 2 July 2008
3053:
3038:
3008:
2982:
2956:
2928:
2895:
2881:
2870:on 14 May 2023
2855:
2829:
2814:
2807:
2789:
2782:Hicks, Bruce.
2774:
2758:
2737:
2730:
2707:
2682:
2645:
2622:
2593:
2556:
2514:
2487:
2476:on 6 June 2008
2461:
2435:
2409:
2383:
2357:
2335:
2306:
2253:
2226:
2220:
2213:
2190:
2164:
2137:
2115:
2109:
2087:
2061:
2054:
2034:
2004:
1971:
1948:
1918:
1887:
1854:
1837:Canada Gazette
1820:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1649:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1617:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1463:
1451:Prime Minister
1431:
1427:
1426:
1417:
1402:Flag of Canada
1343:King Richard I
1325:
1321:
1320:
1311:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1257:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1162:
1159:
1147:Peter Milliken
1111:Gilbert Parent
1082:royal standard
1079:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1029:Queen's cypher
1012:
1009:
937:prime minister
904:
901:
900:
899:
896:
889:
887:
884:
877:
875:
872:
865:
863:
853:
846:
844:
834:
827:
825:
819:
812:
810:
800:
793:
789:
786:
770:the coronation
642:British Empire
623:
616:
615:
614:
609:
602:
601:
600:
599:
598:
535:Arthur Doughty
497:Queen Victoria
436:
433:
320:
319:
314:
310:
309:
306:
305:Other elements
302:
301:
284:
278:
277:
265:
259:
258:
239:
233:
232:
178:
172:
171:
133:
127:
126:
108:
102:
101:
83:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
66:King of Canada
59:
53:
52:
44:
43:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5265:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5054:
5048:
5047:United States
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4917:
4912:
4910:
4905:
4903:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4871:New Brunswick
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:Royal charter
4624:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4584:Accession Day
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4415:Saint-Laurent
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:Institutional
4304:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4189:New Brunswick
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4126:
4121:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4091:
4090:Niagara Falls
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4034:
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458:
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5132:Saint Martin
4956:
4881:Saskatchewan
4815:Royal prefix
4752:Elizabeth II
4694:Elizabeth II
4589:Royal cypher
4564:Victoria Day
4559:Royal anthem
4357:Chief Herald
4313:Universities
4294:
4229:Saskatchewan
4061:
3976:Coat of arms
3975:
3897:. Pantheon.
3892:
3884:
3872:. Retrieved
3861:
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3834:
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3667:
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3641:
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2177:the original
2167:
2156:, retrieved
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2021:the original
2007:
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1988:the original
1974:
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1951:
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1913:the original
1906:
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1845:. Retrieved
1840:
1836:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1806:
1614:fleur-de-lis
1585:Compartment
1526:
1522:
1504:
1434:
1410:
1375:
1371:royal France
1332:
1229:Description
1210:
1175:
1164:
1142:
1133:, the first
1101:
1033:Elizabeth II
1014:
1003:
997:
993:
991:
972:
957:
918:
856:Saskatchewan
743:
730:
724:
692:Gerald Regan
665:Tudor design
658:
653:
650:Elizabeth II
634:
584:Eugène Fiset
582:
563:
547:
529:
521:
508:
473:Newfoundland
454:
421:royal family
386:
380:
373:maple leaves
370:
362:coat of arms
341:
333:
325:
323:
241:A wreath of
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
199:: a unicorn
196:
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167:
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147:
146:three lions
143:
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135:
122:
118:
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110:
97:
90:
86:
26:
5122:Puerto Rico
5032:Saint Lucia
4982:El Salvador
4825:Royal Swans
4684:Edward VIII
4594:Loyal toast
4461:Publication
4385:Assiniboine
4270:Quebec City
4204:Nova Scotia
3874:21 November
3851:21 November
3824:21 November
3816:. Toronto.
3793:21 November
3759:21 November
3729:2 September
3707:20 November
3631:21 November
3605:21 November
3576:21 November
3430:4 September
3408:4 September
3156:21 November
3148:. Mint.ca.
2700:20 November
2675:21 November
2634:"No. 32525"
2615:21 November
2480:21 November
2428:21 November
2402:21 November
2376:6 September
2350:6 September
2328:21 November
1880:3 September
1847:24 February
1590:compartment
1544:Supporters
1497:Joseph Pope
1324:Escutcheon
1254:Tudor crown
1246:coronations
1139:Serge Joyal
1131:Robert Watt
1107:John Fraser
801:1868-1870,
774:Charles III
661:Alan Beddoe
543:Joseph Pope
489:Nova Scotia
237:Compartment
62:Charles III
5177:Categories
5117:Montserrat
5112:Martinique
5107:Guadeloupe
4962:Costa Rica
4856:Provincial
4674:Edward VII
4395:Coppermine
4011:Maple leaf
4001:Ice hockey
3275:20 January
3072:8 November
2454:31 October
2299:8 November
2246:9 December
2130:1 December
2102:3 December
1787:References
1594:Tudor rose
1548:Supporting
1376:The fifth
1363:Irish harp
1333:The first
1329:escutcheon
1197:Union Flag
1143:ex-officio
1115:portcullis
935:, and the
803:quartering
746:Pat Martin
673:patriation
517:Vimy Ridge
513:Red Ensign
352:), is the
209:unguled or
176:Supporters
95:maple leaf
5102:Greenland
5017:Nicaragua
4992:Guatemala
4805:Monuments
4689:George VI
4452:Outaouais
4405:Miramichi
4390:Athabaska
4327:Authority
4280:Vancouver
4073:Landmarks
3657:21 August
3551:7 October
3526:23 August
3500:7 October
3475:1 October
3382:1 October
3182:1 October
3130:1 October
3031:1 October
3001:1 October
2975:1 October
2549:1 October
2509:0269-9222
2158:4 October
1843:(11): 586
1359:William I
1219:Symbolism
1127:Derek Lee
897:1957–1994
885:1923–1957
873:1921–1923
752:into the
656:is used.
646:George VI
519:in 1917.
501:quartered
455:Prior to
336:(French:
328:(French:
251:shamrocks
5067:Anguilla
5002:Honduras
4972:Dominica
4947:Barbados
4866:Manitoba
4734:George V
4711:Victoria
4703:Jubilees
4679:George V
4669:Victoria
4432:Cowichan
4427:Capilano
4410:Saguenay
4325:Heraldic
4323:Canadian
4290:Winnipeg
4285:Victoria
4260:Montreal
4255:Edmonton
4184:Manitoba
4139:National
4080:CN Tower
4038:O Canada
4006:Lacrosse
3870:. Cbc.ca
3818:Archived
3814:The Star
3787:Archived
3625:Archived
3469:Archived
3376:Archived
3226:14 April
3150:Archived
3025:Archived
2995:Archived
2949:23 April
2842:Archived
2754:standard
2543:Archived
2448:Archived
2396:Archived
2093:Archived
2072:(2009).
2027:4 August
1868:(2016).
1813:5 August
1803:"Canada"
1632:See also
1610:shamrock
1600:and the
1515:Atlantic
1351:Scotland
1335:division
1308:mantling
1226:Element
1167:heraldic
996:and the
964:50¢ coin
822:Manitoba
772:of King
574:George V
522:As more
509:de facto
423:and the
407:and the
377:blazoned
282:Order(s)
247:thistles
225:sinister
197:sinister
150:in pale
121:doubled
5097:Curaçao
5082:Bonaire
5077:Bermuda
5007:Jamaica
4987:Grenada
4942:Bahamas
4876:Ontario
4861:Alberta
4851:Federal
4810:Eponyms
4481:Related
4442:Niagara
4437:Dauphin
4335:Offices
4275:Toronto
4250:Calgary
4214:Ontario
4209:Nunavut
4174:Alberta
3969:Symbols
3682:16 July
3204:12 July
3099:7 March
2922:5 March
2848:20 June
2587:1 April
2183:28 June
1997:31 July
1964:28 June
1941:28 June
1606:thistle
1564:coronet
1552:unicorn
1519:Pacific
1449:of her
1443:Hebrews
1430:Ribbon
1398:Ontario
1347:rampant
1119:Commons
1025:defaced
933:Cabinet
860:Alberta
675:of the
481:Ontario
435:History
356:of the
257:proper.
203:armed,
136:Tierced
72:Adopted
57:Armiger
5022:Panama
5012:Mexico
4957:Canada
4952:Belize
4844:Awards
4422:Albion
4400:Fraser
4265:Ottawa
4224:Quebec
4055:Mottos
3991:Beaver
3901:
3324:1 July
3296:R.S.C.
3248:15 May
2805:
2728:
2507:
2211:
2085:
2052:
1604:. The
1568:banner
1517:, and
1511:Arctic
1476:Motto
1447:advice
1394:Quebec
1378:charge
1304:helmet
1283:wreath
1270:Crest
1237:Crown
1232:Image
1193:argent
1170:blazon
1161:Blazon
1155:Senate
1088:; the
764:, and
750:motion
702:, the
491:, and
485:Quebec
346:French
255:lilies
253:, and
205:crined
201:argent
189:dexter
185:argent
181:Dexter
168:argent
160:argent
131:Shield
123:argent
111:Argent
93:paw a
91:dexter
5072:Aruba
4997:Haiti
4798:Other
4619:Legal
4447:Rouge
4234:Yukon
4030:Songs
3701:(PDF)
3350:7 May
3124:(PDF)
2908:(PDF)
2874:7 May
2769:flags
2694:(PDF)
2096:(PDF)
2079:(PDF)
1991:(PDF)
1984:(PDF)
1833:(PDF)
1782:Notes
1493:Psalm
1481:motto
1382:maple
1339:lions
1299:Helm
1275:crest
1189:azure
1178:gules
1123:Lords
766:MĂ©tis
762:Inuit
425:crest
388:gules
298:Latin
274:Latin
263:Motto
243:roses
144:gules
119:gules
115:gules
106:Torse
98:gules
81:Crest
5142:Saba
4967:Cuba
4542:Main
4346:Flag
4296:More
3899:ISBN
3876:2008
3853:2008
3826:2008
3795:2008
3761:2008
3731:2008
3709:2008
3684:2024
3659:2008
3633:2008
3607:2008
3578:2008
3553:2010
3528:2010
3502:2010
3477:2008
3453:(23)
3432:2008
3410:2008
3384:2008
3352:2023
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