835:
1119:
797:
816:
766:
1089:
3834:
3866:
1161:
1104:
2547:
4200:
267:
255:
834:
34:
2561:
1190:. Many coats of arms consist simply of a division of the field into two contrasting tinctures. These are considered divisions of a shield, so the rule of tincture can be ignored. For example, a shield divided azure and gules would be perfectly acceptable. A line of partition may be straight or it may be varied. The variations of partition lines can be wavy, indented, embattled, engrailed,
1276:
Ordinaries may appear in parallel series, in which case blazons in
English give them different names such as pallets, bars, bendlets, and chevronels. French blazon makes no such distinction between these diminutives and the ordinaries when borne singly. Unless otherwise specified an ordinary is drawn
1212:
In the early days of heraldry, very simple bold rectilinear shapes were painted on shields. These could be easily recognized at a long distance and could be easily remembered. They therefore served the main purpose of heraldry: identification. As more complicated shields came into use, these bold
1291:
A charge is any object or figure placed on a heraldic shield or on any other object of an armorial composition. Any object found in nature or technology may appear as a heraldic charge in armory. Charges can be animals, objects, or geometric shapes. Apart from the ordinaries, the most frequent
336:
means to create such a description. The visual depiction of a coat of arms or flag has traditionally had considerable latitude in design, but a verbal blazon specifies the essentially distinctive elements. A coat of arms or flag is therefore primarily defined not by a picture but rather by the
1563:
or "plain coat" arms. Historically, arms were only heritable by males and therefore cadency marks had no relevance to daughters; in the modern era, Canadian and Irish heraldry include daughters in cadency. These differences are formed by adding to the arms small and inconspicuous marks called
459:
is most concise, and it is always minutely exact, definite, and explicit; all unnecessary words are omitted, and all repetitions are carefully avoided; and, at the same time, every detail is specified with absolute precision. The nomenclature is equally significant, and its aim is to combine
841:
Quarterly 1st and 4th Sable a lion rampant on a canton Argent a cross Gules; 2nd and 3rd quarterly Argent and Gules in the 2nd and 3rd quarters a fret Or overall on a bend Sable three escallops of the first and as an augmentation in chief an inescutcheon, Argent a cross Gules and thereon an
1213:
shapes were set apart in a separate class as the "honorable ordinaries". They act as charges and are always written first in blazon. Unless otherwise specified they extend to the edges of the field. Though ordinaries are not easily defined, they are generally described as including the
730:
A convention often followed historically was to name a tincture explicitly only once within a given blazon. If the same tincture was found in different places within the arms, this was addressed either by ordering all elements of like tincture together prior to the tincture name (e.g.,
1400:
branches of a family from the senior line. These cadency marks are usually shown smaller than normal charges, but it still does not follow that a shield containing such a charge belongs to a cadet branch. All of these charges occur frequently in basic undifferenced coats of arms.
1554:
when those family members have not been granted arms in their own right. Cadency is necessary in heraldic systems in which a given design may be owned by only one person at any time, generally the head of the senior line of a particular family. As an
684:(composite) shield is blazoned one quarter (panel) at a time, proceeding by rows from chief (top) to base, and within each row from dexter (the right side of the bearer holding the shield) to sinister; in other words, from the viewer's left to right.
1244:
There is a separate class of charges called sub-ordinaries which are of a geometrical shape subordinate to the ordinary. According to Friar, they are distinguished by their order in blazon. The sub-ordinaries include the
1063:); IV. per Fess Azure and Or over all a Bar Gules in the Chief a demi-Eagle Sable displayed addextré of the Sun-in-splendour and senestré of a Crescent Argent in the Base seven Towers three and four Gules (for
1441:, division of the field by both vertical and horizontal lines. As the name implies, the usual number of divisions is four, but the principle has been extended to very large numbers of "quarters".
568:
Some authorities prefer to capitalise the names of tinctures and charges, but this convention is far from universal. Where tinctures are not capitalised, an exception may be made for the metal
476:, wrote in 1985: "Although there are certain conventions as to how arms shall be blazoned ... many of the supposedly hard and fast rules laid down in heraldic manuals are often ignored."
1559:'s arms may be used "by courtesy", either by children or spouses, while they are still living, some form of differencing may be required so as not to confuse them with the original
908:
is feminine in French, savours somewhat of pedantry. A person may be a good armorist, and a tolerable French scholar, and still be uncertain whether an escallop-shell covered with
2565:
796:
815:
735:); or by naming the tincture only at its first occurrence, and referring to it at subsequent occurrences obliquely, for example by use of the phrase "of the field" (e.g.,
479:
A given coat of arms may be drawn in many different ways, all considered equivalent and faithful to the blazon, just as the letter "A" may be printed in many different
1067:); enté en point Gules a double-headed Eagle proper on a Peninsula Vert holding a Vase pouring Water into the Sea Argent beneath a Crown proper with bands Azure (for
950:, who suggested that all French adjectives should be expressed in the masculine singular, without regard to the gender and number of the nouns they qualify, thus
445:
Blazon is generally designed to eliminate ambiguity of interpretation, to be as concise as possible, and to avoid repetition and extraneous punctuation. English
765:
1434: – combining the dexter half of one coat with the sinister half of another – because dimidiation can create ambiguity.
758:. Heraldry has its own vocabulary, word-order and punctuation, and presenting it in italics indicates to the reader the use of a quasi-foreign language.
677:
means that a charge which straddles a line of division is given the same tinctures as the divided field, but reversed (see the arms of
Behnsdorf below).
1768:
896:
Where the French form is used, a problem may arise as to the appropriate adjectival ending, determined in normal French usage by gender and number.
295:
2571:
2064:
The
General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales; Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time
2006:
337:
wording of its blazon (though in modern usage flags are often additionally and more precisely defined using geometrical specifications).
2616:
1673:
862:, many terms in English heraldry are of French origin. Some of the details of the syntax of blazon also follow French practice: thus,
1584:. One of the best examples of usage from the medieval period is shown on the seven Beauchamp cadets in the stained-glass windows of
2890:
645:
The principal ordinary or charge is followed by any other charges placed on or around it. If a charge is a bird or a beast, its
574:, in order to avoid confusion with the English word "or". Where space is at a premium, tincture names may be abbreviated: e.g.,
3232:
561:: white, red, white, red). In the case of a divided shield, it is common for the word "party" or "parted" to be omitted (e.g.,
1724:
1585:
3196:
1419:
two or more coats of arms is to combine them in one shield. This can be done in a number of ways, of which the simplest is
966:
Full descriptions of shields range in complexity, from a single word to a convoluted series describing compound shields:
1118:
2662:
2472:
1075:
Barry of eight Gules and Argent impaling Gules on a Mount Vert a Crown Or issuant therefrom a double-Cross Argent (for
288:
341:
is also the specialized language in which a blazon is written, and, as a verb, the act of writing such a description.
2520:
2493:
2440:
2418:
2367:
2252:
2233:
2214:
2192:
2173:
2150:
1985:
1970:
1955:
117:
98:
2592:
70:
1277:
with straight lines, but each may be indented, embattled, wavy, engrailed, or otherwise have their lines varied.
751:
in London, England, and by most other formal granting bodies, as they may introduce ambiguity to complex blazons.
4242:
2948:
473:
55:
1361:. Eagles are almost always shown with their wings spread, or displayed. A pair of wings conjoined is called a
77:
4209:
649:
is defined, followed by the creature's tincture, followed by anything that may be differently coloured; e.g.
281:
3470:
3465:
1763:
1150:
2428:
673:
662:
3335:
1792:
1088:
84:
1250:
2277:
Scotland's
Herauldrie: the Science of Herauldrie treated as a part of the Civil law and Law of Nations
873:
A number of heraldic adjectives may be given in either a French or an anglicised form: for example, a
2104:
2010:
1626:
1139:
4029:
3525:
3052:
1103:
66:
926:
The usual convention in
English heraldry is to adhere to the feminine singular form, for example:
4192:
4154:
3546:
3485:
3425:
2812:
2757:
2722:
2622:
1631:
1537:
1358:
1013:
488:
51:
44:
4047:
3996:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
946:
are in fact masculine. Efforts have been made to ignore grammatical correctness, for example by
2928:
2905:
2861:
2800:
2655:
2400:
1466:
of a shield, or less often a charge or crest, is sometimes made up of a pattern of colours, or
1457:
724:
688:
520:
220:
145:
3824:
2933:
2883:
2878:
2856:
2740:
1639:
1438:
1424:
1420:
1246:
1169:
1072:
681:
552:
531:
484:
164:
534:, the division is described, followed by the tinctures of the subfields, beginning with the
4237:
4052:
2839:
2805:
2697:
2588:
2497:
2202:
1518:. Semés, or patterns of repeated charges, are also considered variations of the field. The
391:, both of which relate to the graphic representation of a coat of arms or heraldic device.
2512:
Woodward's a treatise on heraldry, British and foreign: with
English and French glossaries
1353:
can often be found rampant (standing on the left hind foot). Another frequent position is
8:
3910:
3708:
3690:
3480:
3063:
3015:
2990:
2692:
2510:
2350:
An
Ordinary of Arms Contained in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland
2119:
2041:
1345:
1207:
1183:
995:
990:
859:
786:
646:
628:
547:
535:
507:
2245:
A European
Armorial: An Armorial of Knights of the Golden Fleece and 15th Century Europe
1620:
4104:
4077:
3405:
3350:
3300:
3211:
3201:
3138:
3113:
3048:
3023:
2995:
2895:
2682:
2344:
2336:
2296:
1809:
1788:
1385:
1230:
947:
918:
469:
2108:
1667:
4232:
4021:
3952:
3943:
3837:
3566:
3171:
3043:
2982:
2960:
2938:
2822:
2774:
2648:
2526:
2516:
2455:
2436:
2414:
2386:
2363:
2348:
2328:
2248:
2229:
2210:
2188:
2169:
2162:
2146:
2125:
2047:
1981:
1966:
1951:
1691:
1569:
1547:
1377:
1286:
1262:
1187:
1110:
1003:
976:
845:
700:
665:
below). If the charge is a tree then it may be described by its shape or its leaves;
632:
422:
Formerly, heraldic authorities believed that the word was related to the German verb
240:
227:
206:
134:
739:); or by reference to its numerical place in the sequence of named tinctures (e.g.,
91:
3833:
3789:
3777:
3698:
3500:
3305:
3252:
3247:
3181:
3166:
3108:
3073:
2923:
2918:
2851:
2817:
2745:
2263:
1732:
1597:
1581:
1577:
1519:
1463:
1369:
1354:
1301:
1266:
1258:
1175:
1056:
772:
712:
692:
610:
600:
512:
499:
361:, which becomes essential for comprehension when blazoning a complex coat of arms.
213:
185:
171:
885:
4204:
4116:
3801:
3646:
3631:
3626:
3561:
3242:
3206:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3033:
3005:
2779:
2702:
2284:
2037:
1772:
1687:
1393:
1321:
1297:
1238:
1226:
1222:
1195:
1026:
776:
748:
638:
449:
271:
3865:
3320:
875:
234:
4128:
4094:
4087:
3641:
3606:
3398:
3325:
3310:
3290:
3028:
2873:
2868:
2762:
2750:
2480:
von
Warnstedt, Christopher (October 1970). "The Heraldic Provinces of Europe".
2139:
1410:
1362:
2551:
1502:. For further variations, these are sometimes combined to produce patterns of
437:. Present-day lexicographers reject this theory as conjectural and disproved.
4226:
4176:
4111:
4082:
3742:
3666:
3598:
2687:
2607:
with many useful official versions of modern coats of arms, searchable online
2598:
2459:
2071:
2059:
1662:
1325:
779:
570:
373:
345:
is the art, craft or practice of creating a blazon. The language employed in
3551:
2582:
1160:
4189:
Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)
4166:
4144:
4099:
3977:
3636:
3541:
3176:
3103:
3068:
2913:
2846:
2769:
2707:
2318:
2051:
1551:
1543:
1445:
1389:
1064:
321:
248:
153:
3578:
3295:
3274:
2634:
1996:
1948:
Early Blazon: Heraldic
Terminology in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
822:
Argent, an eagle displayed gules armed and wings charged with trefoils Or.
687:
Following the description of the shield, any additional components of the
21:
This article is about heraldry. For the term used in Romantic poetry, see
4171:
4013:
3510:
3490:
3358:
3237:
3000:
2604:
2579:, by Stephen Gold and Timothy Shead, explaining the terminology in detail
2576:
2083:
1431:
1430:
and putting one whole coat in each half. Impalement replaced the earlier
825:
755:
446:
383:(referring to a verbal description) are not to be confused with the noun
313:
3986:
3583:
3058:
2628:
2546:
893:. In modern English blazons, the anglicised form tends to be preferred.
332:, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb
3671:
3661:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3556:
3430:
3388:
3368:
3340:
3330:
2717:
1337:
350:
4005:
1486:, depending on the direction of the stripes. Other variations include
741:
Argent, two chevrons and on a canton gules a lion passant of the first
737:
Argent, two chevrons and on a canton gules a lion passant of the field
4072:
3676:
3656:
3651:
3460:
3445:
3262:
2967:
1350:
1309:
863:
806:
720:
487:
is almost always immaterial, with very limited exceptions (e.g., the
178:
3315:
3191:
2224:
Innes of Learney, Thomas (1978). Innes of Edingight, Malcolm (ed.).
1470:. A pattern of horizontal (barwise) stripes, for example, is called
1016:
Or armed beaked langued and membered Azure between four Roses Argent
33:
4161:
3703:
3588:
3515:
3495:
3440:
3383:
3378:
3373:
2943:
2671:
1373:
1095:
1060:
1036:
971:
708:
309:
199:
142:
3922:
3874:
2401:
Siebmacher's Grosses und Allgemeines Wappenbuch Vermehrten Auglage
1709:; new and revised edition, p. 52. London: Robson Books, 1985.
858:
Because heraldry developed at a time when English clerks wrote in
3813:
3571:
3505:
3475:
3455:
3450:
3435:
3415:
3269:
3257:
3227:
3186:
3150:
3083:
3038:
2834:
2795:
2610:
2097:
Fairbairn's Crests of the Families of Great Britain & Ireland
1580:
in the case of the label. Brisures are generally exempt from the
1556:
1531:
1397:
1381:
1333:
1329:
1313:
1270:
1254:
1234:
1125:
1076:
1048:
1022:
803:
Party per pale argent and vert, a tree eradicated counterchanged.
696:
620:
483:
while still being the same letter. For example, the shape of the
461:
354:
2530:
2243:
Le FĂ©vre, Jean (1971). Pinches, Rosemary; Wood, Anthony (eds.).
2129:
254:
4149:
4123:
3898:
3730:
3520:
3410:
3393:
3363:
3143:
3098:
3088:
2712:
2560:
2469:
Heralds of England: A History of the Office and College of Arms
1191:
1179:
1052:
1040:
1035:
Quarterly I. Azure three Lions' Heads affronté Crowned Or (for
1007:
986:
909:
727:â are described in turn, using the same terminology and syntax.
580:
502:(background), with the first letter capitalised, followed by a
369:
358:
329:
22:
2353:. Edinburgh: W. Green & Sons – via Internet Archive.
3765:
3420:
3093:
2972:
2955:
2629:
Members' Roll of Arms of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada
1666:
1293:
1214:
1068:
1044:
716:
704:
590:
503:
365:
192:
2113:. London: T.C. & E.C. Jack – via Internet Archive.
2023:
An 'achievement' is a full formal display of a coat of arms.
1933:
EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, 9th edition (1884), vol. 11, p. 704
1652:
EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, 9th. ed., vol.11, p.683, "Heraldry"
3869:
3078:
2640:
1573:
1474:, while a pattern of vertical (palewise) stripes is called
1317:
1305:
1218:
867:
480:
325:
2043:
Heraldry, Ancient and Modern: Including Boutell's Heraldry
563:
Per pale argent and vert, a tree eradicated counterchanged
419:. It is found in English by the end of the 14th century.
2376:
1797:(2nd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus. p. 47.
1296:– with its hundreds of variations – and the
498:
Every blazon of a coat of arms begins by describing the
538:
side (shield bearer's right, but viewer's left) of the
2566:
Illustrated atlas of French and English heraldic terms
2274:
1343:
Animals are found in various stereotyped positions or
627:
Following the description of the field, the principal
1929:
1927:
1448:, a small shield placed in front of the main shield.
747:). However, these conventions are now avoided by the
1618:
1336:, and more exotic monsters appear as charges and as
2617:
Arms of members of the Heraldry Society of Scotland
2589:"Commonly Known" Heraldic Blazon/Emblazon Knowledge
2283:
1906:
1837:. (W.W. Norton & Company, New York: 1993), 148.
1012:Gules, a Griffin with dragon wings tail and tongue
523:is described, followed by the tinctures used; e.g.
460:definitive exactness with a brevity that is indeed
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2605:Public Register of the Canadian Heraldic Authority
2377:Reid of Robertland, David; Wilson, Vivien (1977).
2185:The Art of Heraldry: Origins, Symbols, and Designs
2161:
2138:
1924:
1619:
1522:applies to all semés and variations of the field.
2623:Arms of members of the Heraldry Society (England)
2619:, fully searchable with illustrations of bearings
4224:
2492:
2223:
1980:, (2nd ed.). Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Co.
1950:, (2nd ed.). Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press.
1882:
1444:The third common mode of marshalling is with an
853:
2508:
2397:
2291:. London and Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson and Sons.
494:The main conventions of blazon are as follows:
16:Art of describing heraldic arms in proper terms
2595:page with a lengthy dictionary of blazon terms
2333:Heraldry: An Introduction to a Noble Tradition
2228:(3rd ed.). London: Johnston & Bacon.
2201:
2110:The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopedia of Armory
1765:The Armorial Bearings of Sir Winston Churchill
1478:. A pattern of diagonal stripes may be called
1182:in heraldry can be divided into more than one
1164:A shield parted per pale and per fir twig fess
784:A coat made famous by the medieval court case
754:It is common to print all heraldic blazons in
2656:
2637:. It tries to draw a shield from blazon text.
2479:
2261:
1783:
1781:
1542:Cadency is any systematic way to distinguish
1051:); III. Azure a River in Fess Gules bordered
635:(s) are named, with their tincture(s); e.g.,
506:",". In a majority of cases this is a single
364:Other armorial objects and devices â such as
289:
2427:
1846:
1677:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
941:
935:
423:
404:
152:External devices in addition to the central
2381:. Vol. Second. Edinburgh: Lyon Office.
2182:
2009:. An Tir College of Heralds. Archived from
1719:
1717:
1715:
1525:
912:should be blazoned as bezanté or bezantée".
842:inescutcheon Azure, three fleurs-de-lis Or.
2663:
2649:
2327:
2117:
2103:
1918:
1778:
1451:
491:, for which a round shield is specified).
296:
282:
2509:Woodward, John; Burnett, George (1892) .
2295:
2145:. Cranbury, NJ: A.S. Barnes and Company.
2094:
1253:, the tressure, the double tressure, the
1155:
1151:Escutcheon (heraldry) § Inescutcheon
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
2385:
2289:Simple Heraldry â Cheerfully Illustrated
2268:Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe
2242:
2136:
1712:
1661:
1396:may be added to a shield to distinguish
1159:
557:(clockwise from viewer's top left, i.e.
2357:
2275:Mackenzie of Rosehaugh, George (1680).
2036:
1994:
1894:
1787:
1194:, or made into myriad other forms; see
733:Argent, two chevrons and a canton gules
4225:
2466:
2449:
2408:
2316:
2307:
2301:Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning
2082:
2070:
743:: in both these examples, the lion is
2644:
2613:, fully searchable with illustrations
2515:. Edinburgh: W. & A. B. Johnson.
2393:. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing.
2279:. Edinburgh: Heir of Andrew Anderson.
2159:
2066:. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing.
2058:
1870:
1858:
1807:
1696:, 3rd edition, London, 1864, pp. 8â9.
1614:
1612:
2504:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2435:. Ware, Hertfordshire: Omega Books.
2433:Heraldry â Customs, Rules and Styles
2398:Siebmacher, Johann. J. (1890â1901).
2343:
2323:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
2320:A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry
1978:A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry
1640:participating institution membership
1572:but smaller. They are placed on the
1357:, or walking, like the lions of the
56:adding citations to reliable sources
27:
2611:Civic Heraldry of England and Wales
2303:. Maidenhead, England: McGraw-Hill.
2118:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909).
1140:Escutcheon (heraldry) § Points
376:â may also be described in blazon.
13:
2404:. NĂŒrnberg: Von Bauer & Raspe.
1609:
1055:thereon a Marten proper beneath a
993:fought a famous legal battle (see
659:and wings charged with trefoils or
14:
4254:
2601:by the College of Arms Foundation
2539:
2312:. Edinburgh: T & A Constable.
1907:Moncreiffe & Pottinger (1953)
1833:Stephen Friar and John Ferguson.
1498:. Wave shaped stripes are termed
4198:
3864:
3832:
2631:, with illustrations of bearings
2625:, with illustrations of bearings
2559:
2545:
2124:. London: T.C. & E.C. Jack.
2090:. London: Buckland Publications.
1998:Pimbley's dictionary of heraldry
1995:Pimbley, Arthur Francis (1908).
1693:Heraldry, Historical and Popular
1117:
1102:
1087:
833:
814:
795:
764:
265:
253:
32:
2473:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
2078:. New York: Clarkson N. Potter.
1961:Elvin, Charles Norton. (1969).
1912:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1827:
1808:Velde, François (August 1998).
1801:
1144:
1025:dating from 1867, when part of
934:, even though the French nouns
43:needs additional citations for
2360:European Nobility and Heraldry
2040:(1890). Aveling, S. T. (ed.).
1883:Woodcock & Robinson (1988)
1756:
1747:
1699:
1681:
1655:
1646:
1404:
544:Party per pale argent and vert
474:Norroy and Ulster King of Arms
1:
2635:Create a Shield from a Blazon
2550:The dictionary definition of
2533:– via Internet Archive.
2411:The Complete Book of Heraldry
2132:– via Internet Archive.
2054:– via Internet Archive.
1603:
1201:
985:, over which the families of
961:
921:), The Handbook of Heraldry,
854:French vocabulary and grammar
519:If the field is complex, the
320:is a formal description of a
3955:(metal in the United States)
2670:
2502:The Oxford Guide to Heraldry
2429:von Volborth, Carl-Alexander
2339:. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
2270:. New York: Clarkson Potter.
2160:Friar, Stephen, ed. (1987).
2121:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
394:
7:
2183:Gwynn-Jones, Peter (1998).
2168:. New York: Harmony Books.
2046:. London: Frederick Warne.
1591:
1437:A more versatile method is
1411:Heraldry § Marshalling
1304:. Other common animals are
663:coat of arms of Brandenburg
10:
4259:
2467:Wagner, Anthony R (1967).
2413:. New York: Hermes House.
2308:Nisbet, Alexander (1984).
2247:. London: Heraldry Today.
2187:. London: Parkgate Books.
2105:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles
2099:. New York: Bonanza Books.
1965:. London: Heraldry Today.
1946:Brault, Gerard J. (1997).
1535:
1529:
1455:
1408:
1284:
1280:
1205:
1167:
1148:
1137:
900:"To describe two hands as
866:are normally placed after
669:means its roots are shown.
527:(checkered red and white).
440:
20:
4185:
4137:
4065:
4038:
3962:
3931:
3885:
3823:
3752:
3717:
3689:
3597:
3534:
3349:
3283:
3220:
3159:
3014:
2981:
2904:
2788:
2733:
2678:
2287:; Pottinger, Don (1953).
2137:Franklyn, Julian (1968).
2095:Fairbairn, James (1986).
2007:"What is an Achievement?"
1627:Oxford English Dictionary
1133:
2450:Wagner, Anthony (1946).
2409:Slater, Stephen (2003).
2209:. London: Tabard Press.
2164:A Dictionary of Heraldry
2076:The Heraldic Imagination
1963:A Dictionary of Heraldry
1794:The Handbook of Heraldry
1526:Differencing and cadency
4193:List of oldest heraldry
2358:Pinches, J. H. (1994).
1775:. The Churchill Centre.
1674:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1632:Oxford University Press
1538:Ancient and modern arms
1452:Variations of the field
1359:coat of arms of England
525:Chequy gules and argent
489:coat of arms of Nunavut
403:is derived from French
2317:Parker, James (1970).
2088:Cardinals and Heraldry
1458:Variation of the field
1165:
1156:Divisions of the field
1083:
942:
936:
924:
466:
424:
405:
4243:Technical terminology
2583:A Grammar of Blazonry
2498:Robinson, John Martin
2387:Rietstap, Johannes B.
2203:Humphery-Smith, Cecil
1814:Heraldry by Countries
1705:J. P. Brooke-Little:
1186:, as can the various
1170:Division of the field
1163:
1032:
898:
870:rather than before.
546:(dexter half silver,
454:
2599:Language of Heraldry
2568:at Wikimedia Commons
2310:A system of Heraldry
2084:Elvins, Mark Turnham
1753:Boutell 1864, p. 11.
1707:An Heraldic Alphabet
52:improve this article
4205:Heraldry portal
3632:Hastings/Hungerford
2919:Crowns and coronets
2891:National traditions
2572:Heraldic Dictionary
2452:Heraldry in England
2379:An Ordinary of Arms
2345:Paul, James Balfour
2297:Neubecker, Ottfried
1847:von Volborth (1981)
1735:on 27 December 2017
1630:(Online ed.).
1550:of the holder of a
1208:Ordinary (heraldry)
996:Scrope v. Grosvenor
904:, because the word
860:Anglo-Norman French
787:Scrope v. Grosvenor
542:(upper) edge; e.g.
272:Heraldry portal
3589:Waterlily/Seeblatt
2813:Ancient and modern
2362:. Heraldry Today.
2337:Abrams Discoveries
2329:Pastoureau, Michel
2207:General Armory Two
1771:2013-07-18 at the
1425:dividing the field
1166:
919:John Edwin Cussans
631:or ordinaries and
470:John Brooke-Little
379:The noun and verb
4220:
4219:
4061:
4060:
3999:(color in Canada)
3685:
3684:
2577:A Heraldic Primer
2564:Media related to
2264:Maclagan, Michael
1919:Fox-Davies (1909)
1638:(Subscription or
1287:Charge (heraldry)
999:and image above).
530:If the shield is
457:Heraldic language
452:stated in 1864:
306:
305:
128:
127:
120:
102:
4250:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4041:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4004:
3994:
3984:
3976:
3973:
3965:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3921:
3918:
3909:
3906:
3897:
3894:
3868:
3836:
3812:
3809:
3800:
3797:
3788:
3785:
3776:
3773:
3764:
3761:
3741:
3738:
3729:
3726:
3715:
3714:
3699:Rule of tincture
3416:Griffin/Keythong
3012:
3011:
2703:Officers of arms
2665:
2658:
2651:
2642:
2641:
2563:
2549:
2534:
2505:
2494:Woodcock, Thomas
2489:
2482:The Coat of Arms
2476:
2463:
2446:
2424:
2405:
2394:
2391:Armorial General
2382:
2373:
2354:
2340:
2324:
2313:
2304:
2292:
2285:Moncreiffe, Iain
2280:
2271:
2258:
2239:
2220:
2198:
2179:
2167:
2156:
2144:
2133:
2114:
2100:
2091:
2079:
2067:
2055:
2038:Boutell, Charles
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:on 20 April 2011
2002:
1934:
1931:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1789:Cussans, John E.
1785:
1776:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1731:. Archived from
1729:The Coat of Arms
1721:
1710:
1703:
1697:
1688:Boutell, Charles
1685:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1635:
1623:
1616:
1598:Flag terminology
1586:St Mary's Church
1582:rule of tincture
1520:Rule of tincture
1370:English heraldry
1292:charges are the
1188:heraldic charges
1121:
1106:
1091:
1057:six-pointed star
983:Azure, a Bend Or
945:
939:
922:
837:
818:
799:
768:
555:argent and gules
550:half green), or
436:
433:
432:to blow (a horn)
430:
427:
418:
415:
412:
408:
298:
291:
284:
270:
269:
268:
257:
130:
129:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
101:
60:
36:
28:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4199:
4197:
4181:
4133:
4057:
4039:
4034:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3992:
3982:
3974:
3971:
3963:
3958:
3948:
3940:
3932:
3927:
3919:
3916:
3907:
3904:
3895:
3892:
3881:
3819:
3810:
3807:
3798:
3795:
3786:
3783:
3774:
3771:
3762:
3759:
3748:
3739:
3736:
3727:
3724:
3713:
3681:
3647:Hungerford knot
3617:Cavendish/Savoy
3593:
3530:
3345:
3279:
3216:
3155:
3010:
2977:
2900:
2784:
2729:
2674:
2669:
2585:by Bruce Miller
2542:
2537:
2523:
2443:
2421:
2370:
2255:
2236:
2217:
2195:
2176:
2153:
2016:
2014:
2005:
1991:
1976:Parker, James.
1937:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1806:
1802:
1786:
1779:
1773:Wayback Machine
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1725:"Blazon in CoA"
1723:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1700:
1686:
1682:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1617:
1610:
1606:
1594:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1460:
1454:
1413:
1407:
1289:
1283:
1210:
1204:
1196:Line (heraldry)
1172:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1092:
1071:); over all an
1027:Austria-Hungary
964:
932:a saltire undée
923:
916:
856:
849:
838:
829:
819:
810:
800:
791:
769:
749:College of Arms
450:Charles Boutell
443:
434:
431:
428:
416:
413:
410:
397:
302:
266:
264:
259:
258:
252:
245:
231:
224:
217:
210:
203:
196:
189:
182:
175:
168:
124:
113:
107:
104:
61:
59:
49:
37:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4256:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4129:Trophy of arms
4126:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4088:banner of arms
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3990:
3980:
3968:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3946:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3914:
3902:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3734:
3721:
3719:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3672:Tristram/Bowen
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2758:Ecclesiastical
2755:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2569:
2557:
2541:
2540:External links
2538:
2536:
2535:
2521:
2506:
2490:
2477:
2464:
2447:
2441:
2425:
2419:
2406:
2395:
2383:
2374:
2368:
2355:
2341:
2325:
2314:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2272:
2259:
2253:
2240:
2234:
2226:Scots Heraldry
2221:
2215:
2199:
2193:
2180:
2174:
2157:
2151:
2134:
2115:
2101:
2092:
2080:
2072:Dennys, Rodney
2068:
2060:Burke, Bernard
2056:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1974:
1959:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1923:
1921:, pp. 101
1911:
1899:
1895:Boutell (1890)
1887:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1835:Basic Heraldry
1826:
1800:
1777:
1762:Courtenay, P.
1755:
1746:
1711:
1698:
1680:
1668:"Blazon"
1665:, ed. (1911).
1663:Chisholm, Hugh
1654:
1645:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1530:Main article:
1527:
1524:
1484:bendy sinister
1456:Main article:
1453:
1450:
1409:Main article:
1406:
1403:
1285:Main article:
1282:
1279:
1206:Main article:
1203:
1200:
1168:Main article:
1157:
1154:
1149:Main article:
1146:
1143:
1138:Main article:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1086:
1031:
1030:
1019:
1000:
980:
963:
960:
956:a saltire undé
914:
855:
852:
851:
850:
839:
832:
830:
820:
813:
811:
801:
794:
792:
770:
763:
760:
759:
752:
728:
685:
678:
674:Counterchanged
670:
643:
625:
566:
528:
517:
442:
439:
396:
393:
387:, or the verb
304:
303:
301:
300:
293:
286:
278:
275:
274:
261:
260:
246:
232:
225:
218:
211:
204:
197:
190:
183:
176:
169:
162:
161:
160:
157:
156:
149:
148:
139:
138:
126:
125:
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4255:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4178:
4177:Sigillography
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3991:
3988:
3981:
3979:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3915:
3912:
3903:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3815:
3806:
3803:
3794:
3791:
3782:
3779:
3770:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3735:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
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2688:Grant of arms
2686:
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2570:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2556:at Wiktionary
2555:
2554:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2522:0-7153-4464-1
2518:
2514:
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2442:0-907853-47-1
2438:
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2422:
2420:9781844772247
2416:
2412:
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2369:0-900455-45-4
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2262:Louda, JiĆĂ;
2260:
2256:
2254:9780900455131
2250:
2246:
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2237:
2235:9780717942282
2231:
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2216:9780806305837
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2194:9780760710821
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2175:9780517566657
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2049:
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2044:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1986:0-8048-0715-9
1983:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1971:0-900455-00-4
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:0-85115-711-4
1953:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1897:, p. 311
1896:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1873:, p. 330
1872:
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1861:, p. 259
1860:
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1579:
1575:
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1568:, similar to
1567:
1562:
1561:undifferenced
1558:
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1549:
1546:displayed by
1545:
1539:
1533:
1523:
1521:
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968:
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959:
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949:
948:J. E. Cussans
944:
938:
933:
929:
928:a chief undée
920:
913:
911:
907:
903:
897:
894:
892:
888:
887:
886:cross fitchée
882:
878:
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367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:and heraldic
311:
299:
294:
292:
287:
285:
280:
279:
277:
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263:
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256:
251:
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122:
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100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69: â
68:
64:
63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
24:
19:
4167:Phaleristics
4100:Roll of arms
4066:Applications
3978:Bleu celeste
3964:Rare colours
3657:Ormonde/Wake
3542:Fleur-de-lis
3104:Inescutcheon
3069:Crozier head
2914:Coat of arms
2829:
2801:Augmentation
2708:King of Arms
2552:
2511:
2501:
2485:
2481:
2468:
2451:
2432:
2410:
2399:
2390:
2378:
2359:
2349:
2332:
2319:
2309:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2267:
2244:
2225:
2206:
2184:
2163:
2140:
2120:
2109:
2096:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2042:
2022:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:the original
1997:
1977:
1962:
1947:
1914:
1909:, p. 20
1902:
1890:
1885:, p. 60
1878:
1871:Friar (1987)
1866:
1859:Friar (1987)
1854:
1849:, p. 18
1842:
1834:
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1813:
1803:
1793:
1764:
1758:
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1733:the original
1728:
1706:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1672:
1657:
1648:
1625:
1621:"blazon, n."
1565:
1560:
1552:coat of arms
1541:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1446:inescutcheon
1443:
1436:
1427:
1416:
1414:
1390:fleur-de-lis
1367:
1344:
1342:
1290:
1275:
1247:inescutcheon
1243:
1211:
1173:
1145:Inescutcheon
1111:Ăstergötland
1065:Transylvania
1034:
1033:
1011:
1004:Ăstergötland
994:
982:
975:
965:
955:
952:a chief undé
951:
931:
927:
925:
905:
901:
899:
895:
891:cross fitchy
890:
884:
880:
876:cross pattée
874:
872:
857:
840:
821:
802:
785:
771:
744:
740:
736:
732:
672:
666:
656:
652:
650:
636:
619:
615:
609:
605:
599:
595:
589:
585:
579:
575:
569:
562:
559:dexter chief
558:
551:
543:
539:
524:
511:
493:
478:
467:
456:
455:
444:
421:
400:
398:
388:
385:emblazonment
384:
380:
378:
363:
349:has its own
346:
342:
338:
333:
322:coat of arms
317:
307:
249:Coat of arms
247:
239:
233:
226:
219:
212:
205:
198:
191:
184:
177:
170:
163:
154:coat of arms
114:
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
18:
4238:Vexillology
4172:Vexillology
3933:Rare metals
3913:(blood red)
3511:Winged lion
3491:Sea-griffin
3426:Hippocampus
3359:Allocamelus
3001:Fimbriation
2929:Compartment
2906:Achievement
2874:Marshalling
2840:distinction
2698:Law of arms
2683:Authorities
2454:. Penguin.
1819:13 December
1739:26 December
1588:, Warwick.
1548:descendants
1504:barry-bendy
1432:dimidiation
1405:Marshalling
1043:Argent and
881:cross patty
826:Brandenburg
725:compartment
689:achievement
447:antiquarian
389:to emblazon
328:or similar
314:vexillology
221:Compartment
165:Escutcheon
146:achievement
4227:Categories
4117:equestrian
3901:(mulberry)
3627:Harrington
3557:Quatrefoil
3486:Salamander
3431:Hippogriff
3389:Cockatrice
3369:Amphiptere
3341:Wolfsangel
3321:Portcullis
3233:Black swan
3187:Camelopard
3016:Ordinaries
2934:Escutcheon
2884:impalement
2879:quartering
2862:variations
2780:Attributed
2718:pursuivant
2471:. London:
2001:. Pimbley.
1642:required.)
1604:References
1574:fess-point
1536:See also:
1508:paly-bendy
1439:quartering
1421:impalement
1351:Quadrupeds
1338:supporters
1310:wild boars
1237:, and the
1202:Ordinaries
1073:escutcheon
962:Complexity
864:adjectives
721:supporters
691:â such as
667:eradicated
485:escutcheon
351:vocabulary
133:Part of a
78:newspapers
4210:resources
4155:socialist
4078:Hatchment
4073:Bookplate
4053:Carnation
4040:Realistic
3853:Erminites
3691:Tinctures
3642:Hinckaert
3607:Bourchier
3461:Ouroboros
3446:Manticore
3351:Legendary
3326:Reremouse
3263:Przepaska
3192:Hind/stag
3182:Dog/hound
2991:Attitudes
2968:Supporter
2896:Societies
2857:divisions
2806:abatement
2460:878505764
1810:"Hungary"
1468:variation
1346:attitudes
1271:flaunches
991:Grosvenor
902:appaumées
846:Churchill
807:Behnsdorf
682:quartered
661:(see the
653:displayed
651:An eagle
553:Quarterly
521:variation
468:However,
399:The word
395:Etymology
334:to blazon
179:Supporter
108:June 2009
4233:Heraldry
4162:Logotype
4105:Illyrian
3987:BrunĂątre
3911:Sanguine
3848:Erminois
3816:(purple)
3709:Hatching
3704:Tricking
3667:Stafford
3567:Shamrock
3516:Woodwose
3496:Sea-lion
3466:Pantheon
3441:Lindworm
3384:Chollima
3379:Biscione
3374:Basilisk
3296:Crapaudy
3197:Kangaroo
3059:Componée
3053:ĆÄkawica
2949:pavilion
2944:Mantling
2823:courtesy
2818:Alliance
2746:dominion
2741:National
2672:Heraldry
2531:02020303
2500:(1988).
2431:(1981).
2389:(1967).
2347:(1903).
2331:(1997).
2299:(1976).
2266:(1981).
2205:(1973).
2141:Heraldry
2130:09023803
2107:(1904).
2086:(1988).
2074:(1975).
2062:(1967).
1791:(1874).
1769:Archived
1592:See also
1578:in-chief
1566:brisures
1488:chevrony
1428:per pale
1374:crescent
1334:griffins
1330:unicorns
1314:martlets
1184:tincture
1124:Arms of
1109:Arms of
1096:Brittany
1094:Arms of
1061:Slavonia
1059:Or (for
1037:Dalmatia
1021:Arms of
1002:Arms of
972:Brittany
970:Arms of
915:â
844:Arms of
824:Arms of
805:Arms of
709:mantling
647:attitude
629:ordinary
548:sinister
508:tincture
347:blazonry
343:Blazonry
310:heraldry
200:Mantling
143:Heraldic
67:"Blazon"
4138:Related
4006:Cendrée
3989:(brown)
3843:Ermines
3814:Purpure
3804:(green)
3780:(black)
3753:Colours
3733:(white)
3637:Heneage
3579:Thistle
3572:Trefoil
3506:Unicorn
3481:Phoenix
3476:Pegasus
3471:Panther
3456:Musimon
3451:Mermaid
3436:Lampago
3406:Enfield
3399:Chinese
3336:Serpent
3331:Scallop
3301:Dolphin
3275:Pelican
3270:Martlet
3258:Szaszor
3228:Alerion
3202:Leopard
3177:Bull/ox
3151:Saltire
3139:Roundel
3114:Lozenge
3084:Flaunch
3049:Chevron
3039:Bordure
3024:Annulet
2996:Erasure
2983:Charges
2847:Canting
2835:Cadency
2796:Armiger
2770:Burgher
2723:private
2693:History
2052:6102523
1940:General
1570:charges
1557:armiger
1532:Cadency
1516:fusilly
1512:lozengy
1492:gyronny
1417:marshal
1386:annulet
1382:martlet
1355:passant
1322:Dragons
1281:Charges
1255:bordure
1235:saltire
1231:chevron
1126:Hungary
1077:Hungary
1049:Croatia
1039:); II.
1023:Hungary
1014:rampant
943:sautoir
910:bezants
697:coronet
621:purpure
532:divided
516:(blue).
510:; e.g.
462:laconic
441:Grammar
370:banners
355:grammar
92:scholar
4150:Emblem
4124:Tabard
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3875:Potent
3838:Ermine
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3792:(blue)
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3745:(gold)
3740:
3737:
3731:Argent
3728:
3725:
3718:Metals
3584:Turnip
3535:Plants
3521:Wyvern
3411:Garuda
3394:Dragon
3364:Alphyn
3160:Beasts
3144:Bezant
3099:Hamade
3089:Goutte
3044:Canton
2961:slogan
2939:Helmet
2830:Blazon
2789:Topics
2713:herald
2553:blazon
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1316:, and
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1263:canton
1261:, the
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1249:, the
1233:, the
1229:, the
1225:, the
1221:, the
1217:, the
1192:nebuly
1180:shield
1134:Points
1128:(1867)
1053:Argent
1041:chequy
1008:Sweden
987:Scrope
977:Ermine
756:italic
745:argent
701:helmet
655:gules
633:charge
614:, and
581:argent
536:dexter
425:blasen
414:shield
406:blason
401:blazon
381:blazon
372:, and
366:badges
359:syntax
339:Blazon
330:emblem
318:blazon
241:slogan
228:Charge
207:Helmet
135:series
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3923:Tenné
3790:Azure
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3768:(red)
3766:Gules
3662:Savoy
3622:Dacre
3612:Bowen
3599:Knots
3501:Tyger
3421:Harpy
3306:Emmet
3284:Other
3253:Eagle
3221:Birds
3109:Label
3094:Gyron
3074:Chief
3064:Cross
3006:Lines
2973:Torse
2956:Motto
2924:Crest
2869:Fraud
2852:Field
2775:Women
2763:papal
2751:civic
2734:Types
2591:, an
2488:(84).
2030:Books
1636:
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1480:bendy
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1464:field
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1267:label
1259:chief
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1178:of a
1176:field
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1047:(for
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930:and
889:or a
879:or a
868:nouns
773:Azure
717:motto
713:crest
705:torse
693:crown
657:armed
616:purp.
611:sable
601:azure
591:gules
540:chief
513:Azure
504:comma
500:field
481:fonts
374:seals
235:Motto
214:Crown
193:Torse
186:Crest
172:Field
99:JSTOR
85:books
4112:Seal
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3870:Vair
3858:Pean
3825:Furs
3802:Vert
3677:Wake
3652:Lacy
3562:Rose
3526:Yale
3316:Lucy
3248:Dove
3243:Crow
3238:Cock
3212:Wolf
3207:Lion
3172:Boar
3167:Bear
3134:Pile
3129:Pall
3124:Pale
3119:Orle
3079:Fess
3034:Bend
2527:LCCN
2517:ISBN
2456:OCLC
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2415:ISBN
2364:ISBN
2249:ISBN
2230:ISBN
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2189:ISBN
2170:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2126:LCCN
2048:OCLC
2019:2011
1982:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1952:ISBN
1821:2007
1741:2017
1544:arms
1514:and
1500:undy
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989:and
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940:and
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883:; a
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