531:
740:—the beautiful daughter of the king Saryati— accidentally blinded the old Chyavana, who was performing austerities. She married him to save her kingdom from his wrath and served him dutifully. While traveling on their chariot, the Ashvins saw Sukanya in a forest and tried to seduce her. They asked her to choose one of them as her new husband, but she refused and remained faithful to Chyavana. The twins were impressed by her chastity and asked her to wish anything. Upon their request, she told them to restore the youth and sight of Chyavana. Ashvins agreed but they had a condition. After curing Chyavana, they would also take similar form and she would have to identify Chyavana. Sukanya showed her consent after getting permission from her husband. Ashvins took Chyavana into a lake and cured him. When a young Chyavana emerged from the lake, Ashvins also took forms similar to him and Sukanya successfully identified her husband.
780:
866:. Their chariot has three chariot-boxes, three wheels, three turnings, and three wheel rims. The emphasis on the number 3 is symbolized in the sacrifice with its three soma pressings. The chariot is pulled by bulls, buffaloes, horses, birds, geese, and falcons. The chariot allows the Ashvins to be quick and mobile and travel to a number of places, which is necessary to fulfill their role of rescuing people. Sūryā, the daughter of the Sun, is sometimes mentioned as the wife of the Ashvins, and she rides with them in their chariot.
36:
2482:
661:(fire sacrifice) performed by the gods, and thus, they were incomplete. Ashvins went to the sacrifice but the gods don't accept, claiming that the Ashvins were spending too much time with the mortals. After many attempts of explanation, they were finally accepted. The Ashvins are sometimes presented as fierce deities. In the
843:: she is bidden to awaken them (8.9.17), they follow her in their chariot (8.5.2), she is born when they hitch their steeds (10.39.12), and their chariot is once said to arrive before her (1.34.10). They are consequently associated with the "return from darkness": the twins are called “darkness slayers” (
634:
The
Ashvins also raised Vandana, rescued Atri from a fissure in the earth and its heat, found Vishnapu and returned him to his father, restored the youth of Kali, brought Kamadyū as a wife for Vimada, gave a son to Vadhrimatī (whose husband was a steer), restored the eyesight of Rijrashva, replaced
622:
16, they also helped the sage Gotama, who was lost in a desert and begged for water. It is described that the gods dug a water well and helped the sage. According to another account, Rebha was bound, stabbed, and cast into the waters for nine days and ten nights before being saved by the twins. He
657:. However, she refused and claimed that the twins were imperfect and told them to restore the youth of Chyavana. Desperate to know the reason for her words, they fulfilled her condition and the sage finally revealed that Ashvins were excluded from a
552:, with more than 50 hymns specifically dedicated to them: 1.3, 1.22, 1.34, 1.46–47, 1.112, 1.116–120, 1.157–158, 1.180–184, 2.20, 3.58, 4.43–45, 5.73–78, 6.62–63, 7.67–74, 8.5, 8.8–10, 8.22, 8.26, 8.35, 8.57, 8.73, 8.85–87, 10.24, 10.39–41, 10.143.
716:
adds that she performed austerities in the forest to gain control over Surya's heat. After Surya discovered Sanjna's disappearance, he located her and had sex with her in the form of a stallion. Sanjna gave birth to the twins. Rarely, in some
346:, the Ashvins are always referred to in the dual, without individual names, although Vedic texts differentiate between the two Ashvins: "one of you is respected as the victorious lord of Sumakha, and the other as the fortunate son of heaven" (
1644:. Shri Jainendra Press A-45, Naraina Industrial Area, Phase I, New Delhi-110 028, India: University of Pennsylvania Press, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. p. 171.
679:
In the post-Vedic texts of
Hinduism, the Ashvins remain significant, and in these texts, one of them is referred as Nasatya and the other one is known as Darsa. Many of their legends are rewritten in various texts like the epic
258:, they are described as youthful divine twin horsemen, travelling in a chariot drawn by horses that are never weary, and portrayed as guardian deities that safeguard and rescue people by aiding them in various situations.
561:
You free Atri, the seer of the five peoples, from narrow straits, from the earth cleft along with his band, o men—confounding the wiles of the merciless Dasyu, driving them out, one after another, o bulls.
564:
O Aśvins—you men, you bulls—by the wondrous powers you draw back together the seer Rebha, who bobbed away in the waters, like a horse hidden by those of evil ways. Your ancient deeds do not grow old.
1394:""The" Vishnu Purana ; 3: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition ; Translated from the Original Sanskrit, and Illustrated by Notes Derived Chiefly from Other Puranas"
603:, had a daughter named Sūryā (with a long ā) and arranged a horse-race to choose her bridegroom. The Ashvins won the race and thus, both of them married Suryā.
627:
10.39.9). Similarly, Bhujyu was saved after his father or evil companions abandoned him at sea when the twins brought him home from the dead ancestors (
2328:
530:
706:, was married to Surya, but she was unable to bear his heat and decided to abandon him. She ran away and roamed in the forest of northern
1574:
618:
112 describes that when the sage
Dirghashravas prayed to Ashvins for rain, the twins poured sweet water from the sky. According to
935:
Contradictory to this, some chapters of
Rigveda suggest that Sūryā's bridegroom was the god Soma and the Ashvins were his friends.
747:
also narrates about the birth of Nakula and
Sahadeva, who were the “spiritual sons” of the Ashvins. According to the epic, king
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1930:
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1742:
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1628:
1601:
1563:
1535:
1639:
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The
Ashvins are invoked at dawn, the time of their principal sacrifice, and have a close connection with the dawn goddess,
812:
The
Ashvins are associated with honey, which was likely offered to them in a sacrifice. They are the chief deities in the
1784:
1674:
1183:
1984:
1792:
1649:
1393:
1260:
1226:
2314:
1469:
Hindu World: An
Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism. Volume II M-Z. Benjamin Walker. Routledge. 2019. Entry: "Pandava"
1717:
Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and
Puranic literature
595:(dawn) and sometimes they are even mentioned as her sons. The marriage of the Ashvin brothers is narrated in the
583:(Sanjna) engaged in love making in the form of a stallion and a mare respectively. The Ashvins are also called "
559:
By which (chariot) you go to the home of the good ritual performer, by that, o men, travel your course to us.
1665:
476:
408:
320:
1720:
2665:
305:
751:
was unable to make love to his wives due to a curse and didn't have any heir. So, he advised his wives,
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2621:
1922:
2862:
2220:
1752:
1252:
639:
with a metal one, made the cow Śayu give milk, gave a horse to Pedu, and put a horse's head on
587:, which is variously translated as either "sons" or "grandsons" of Dyaush. At one mention, the
1620:
1582:
2837:
1977:
1830:
855:, 1.92.17), and their horses and chariot are described as "uncovering the covered darkness" (
430:
religious reformation that changed the status of prior deities –, and also in the Greek hero
1021:
836:. They also are the last deities to receive Soma in the Atirātra, or Overnight Soma Ritual.
816:, in which they are offered hot milk. They are also associated with the morning pressing of
591:
is stated to be their mother. Ashvins were the close companions of the Vedic mother goddess
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2842:
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http://www.heritageinstitute.com/zoroastrianism/ranghaya/suppiluliuma_shattiwaza_treaty.htm
916:
787:
The
Ashvins are often associated with rescuing mortals and bringing them back to life. The
261:
There are varying accounts, but Ashvins are generally mentioned as the sons of the sun god
8:
2847:
2715:
2470:
1892:
Mitra, Jyotir (1984). "Ashvins, the Twin Celestial Physicians, and Their Medical Skill".
645:
220:
759:, to invoke various gods and ask for sons. Ashvins Nasatya and Darsa blessed Madri with
1901:
1880:
1851:
1842:
Chakravarty, Uma (1989). "The Aśvins: an Incarnation of the Universal Twinship Motif".
1822:
1659:
1613:
1245:
1164:
1156:
1131:
Ahmadi, Amir (2015). "Two Chthonic Features of the Daēva Cult in Historical Evidence".
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495:
491:
385:
211:
127:
1803:[The Aśvin godlings and the epic twins in old-javanese art and literature].
847:, 3.39.3), they are invoked with the formula "you who have made light for mankind" (
557:
Your chariot, o Aśvins, swifter than mind, drawn by good horses, comes to the clans.
511:
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1970:
1918:
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1941:
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also describes the Ashvins as "bringing light": they gave "light-bringing help" (
623:
was explicitly described as "dead" when the twins "raised (him) up" to save him (
435:
54:
1697:
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World
1615:
Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition
2439:
1876:
1801:"De Aśvin-goden en de epische tweelingen in de oudjavaanse kunst en literatuur"
427:
1817:
1800:
1719:. Robarts - University of Toronto. Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass. pp.
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779:
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2776:
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1152:
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712:
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246:
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372:
196:
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1728:
870:
817:
707:
479:
249:
143:
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483:
367:
333:
298:
231:
192:
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447:
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71:
61:
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1.117.2–4, in The Rigveda, translated by Stephanie W. Jamison (2014)
2751:
2680:
2394:
2283:
2258:
2253:
2099:
2054:
1528:
Handbook on Ayurvedic Medicines With Formulae, Processes And Their Uses
1221:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 58–61.
884:
869:
It is also believed that the Ashvins were the first one to prepare the
688:
515:
2739:
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2503:
2419:
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2019:
2014:
2009:
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35:
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2734:
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2570:
2555:
2414:
2357:
2268:
1144:
876:
764:
729:
654:
640:
636:
576:
482:. Reflexes in other Indo-European religions include the Lithuanian
293:
281:
182:
166:
1734:
The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization
1273:
2756:
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2590:
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2545:
2513:
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2498:
2424:
2404:
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2114:
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1993:
892:
888:
789:
737:
695:
650:
600:
580:
519:
420:
416:
404:
342:
313:
254:
252:
associated with medicine, health, dawn, and the sciences. In the
115:
67:
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2700:
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2660:
2648:
2638:
2605:
2595:
2530:
2449:
2429:
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988:
986:
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967:
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833:
768:
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604:
575:
According to the text, the Ashvins were born after the sun god
363:
358:(the sky-god)'. This formula is comparable with the Lithuanian
277:
266:
161:
139:
101:
75:
1330:
1197:
1195:
801:, 1.119.8) to Bhujyu, and "raised (Rebha) up to see the sun" (
610:
The Ashvins are depicted as the helpers of mortals in various
2724:
2643:
2575:
2535:
2520:
2444:
2409:
2372:
2245:
2167:
2154:
2129:
2092:
2082:
1496:
1099:
1097:
1095:
896:
840:
821:
783:
Thai depiction of the Horse-faced Ashvins on a chariot (1959)
756:
752:
748:
667:
658:
653:, the daughter of king Saryati and wife of an old sage named
607:
is also stated to have chosen the Ashvins to be his fathers.
592:
355:
262:
135:
131:
95:
977:
962:
599:
117 of Rigveda. According to the legend, the sun god, Surya-
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2615:
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2550:
2490:
2464:
2454:
2434:
2379:
2273:
2172:
2077:
1863:
JAMISON, S. W. (2002). "Review of Les Nāsatya, Volume II".
1192:
825:
721:
s, Ashvins are mentioned as the sons (creation) of the god
399:, 'safe return home'), a name that appears 99 times in the
381:
226:
123:
119:
1962:
1092:
862:
The chariot of the Ashvins is repeatedly mentioned in the
1082:
1080:
1078:
1321:
1913:
Parpola, Asko (2015b). "The Aśvins as Funerary Gods".
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1405:
1403:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1844:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
1451:
1427:
1342:
1593:
The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India
1415:
1114:
1112:
506:. The first mention of the Nasatya twins is from a
376:, the 'sons of Dievs (the sky-god)'; and the Greek
1612:
1439:
1400:
1354:
1322:De Witt Griswold, Harvey; Farquhar, J. N. (1923).
1244:
1030:
1590:Jamison, Stephanie W.; Brereton, Joel P. (2014).
879:believed in local tradition to be located at his
2824:
1285:
1109:
1589:
1502:
1379:
1336:
1279:
1242:
992:
899:, the etymology behind the modern rendering of
331:, from which also descends the Lithuanian name
1637:
971:
702:According to these texts, Sanjna, daughter of
2322:
1978:
1694:Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006).
1062:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project
518:, respectively kings of the Hittites and the
1805:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1700:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
1693:
1201:
820:, because they are dual deities, along with
534:Birth of the Ashvins, a folio from the text
2336:
1841:
1619:. University of California Press. pp.
548:The Ashvins are mentioned 398 times in the
2329:
2315:
1985:
1971:
1894:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1638:Kramisch, Stella; Miller, Barbara (1983).
1023:Commentary on the Hindu System of Medicine
459:. Sometimes one of them is referred to as
34:
1923:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190226909.003.0011
1816:
1306:
525:
470:
426:, the name of a demon – as a result of a
287:
46:Ashvini Kumaras, Ashvinau, Nasatya, Dasra
1912:
1727:
1103:
778:
728:These texts also elaborate the story of
529:
350:1.181.4). They are called several times
1862:
1610:
1348:
1326:. Oxford University Press. p. 262.
2825:
1391:
1311:. Oxford University Press. p. 51.
1213:
1185:The Mystery of the Mahabharata: Vol. I
1130:
395:(possibly 'saviours'; a derivative of
391:The twin gods are also referred to as
2310:
1966:
1891:
1798:
1572:
1551:
1514:
1490:
1478:
1457:
1433:
1421:
1302:
1300:
1118:
1007:
1751:
1714:
1672:
1445:
1409:
1367:
1291:
1188:. India Research Press. p. 362.
1086:
1045:
1019:
1003:
1001:
1785:Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend
1181:
475:The Ashvins are an instance of the
451:, the Ashvins are often called the
13:
1777:
1315:
1307:Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1897).
1297:
1060:. "Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon".
1051:
674:
284:were the children of the Ashvins.
14:
2879:
1958:
1939:
998:
948:section of Literature and legends
671:Vishvaka as well as his dynasty.
2480:
945:
366:(the sky-god'), attached to the
1555:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
1544:
1520:
1508:
1484:
1472:
1463:
1385:
1235:
1207:
1175:
1124:
938:
929:
774:
649:, Ashvins once tried to seduce
1944:. Sacred Texts. pp. 32–33
1013:
857:aporṇuvántas táma ā́ párīvṛtam
732:, which was first narrated in
543:
1:
2833:Characters in the Mahabharata
1758:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
955:
510:treaty (c.1350 BCE), between
1942:"Section III (Paushya Parva"
1641:Exploring India's Sacred Art
710:in the form of a mare. The
665:117, they even destroyed an
225:'horse possessors',
7:
1992:
1761:. Oxford University Press.
1737:. Oxford University Press.
1596:. Oxford University Press.
1579:Center for Hellenic Studies
1575:"Hippota Nestor - 3. Vedic"
1503:Jamison & Brereton 2014
1380:Jamison & Brereton 2014
1337:Jamison & Brereton 2014
1324:The Religion of the Rigveda
1280:Jamison & Brereton 2014
993:Jamison & Brereton 2014
906:
494:; and possibly the English
304:(अश्विन्) derives from the
299:
232:
28:Gods of Health and Medicine
16:Hindu twin gods of medicine
10:
2884:
1877:10.1163/000000002124994928
1392:Wilson, Horace H. (1866).
1251:. Scholars Press. p.
972:Kramisch & Miller 1983
415:('to return home '), with
407:probably derives from the
2802:
2713:
2631:
2489:
2478:
2348:
2244:
2191:
2153:
2063:
2000:
1818:10.1163/22134379-90002890
1795:) by Anna L. Dallapiccola
1676:Myth, Ritual and Religion
215:
188:
178:
173:
157:
149:
111:
88:
83:
60:
50:
42:
33:
26:
21:
2786:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1799:BOSCH, F. D. K. (1967).
1664:: CS1 maint: location (
1247:Hittite Diplomatic Texts
1243:Gary M. Beckman (1999).
1202:Mallory & Adams 2006
922:
767:, respectively, through
1611:Kinsley, David (1988).
1573:Frame, Douglas (2009).
1558:. Penguin Books India.
853:jyótir jánāya cakráthuḥ
1552:Dalal, Roshen (2010).
784:
573:
540:
526:Literature and legends
471:Origin and equivalents
354:that is 'grandsons of
288:Etymology and epithets
1915:The Roots of Hinduism
1715:Mani, Vettam (1975).
1673:Lang, Andrew (1887).
1585:on 20 September 2019.
1219:Comparative Mythology
1026:. Trübner. p. 4.
1020:Wise, Thomas (1860).
875:formulation for Sage
782:
554:
533:
237:), also known as the
1917:. pp. 117–129.
1865:Indo-Iranian Journal
1133:History of Religions
917:Lithuanian mythology
643:. According to the
589:Indus (Sindhu) River
323:word for the horse,
1679:. Longmans, Green.
1282:, pp. 272–273.
1106:, pp. 109–110.
1058:Lubotsky, Alexander
807:aírayataṃ svàr dṛśé
736:. In this version,
646:Shatapatha Brahmana
409:Proto-Indo-European
319:), itself from the
1089:, p. 187–191.
915:, counterparts in
785:
541:
480:divine horse twins
276:the Pandava twins
2868:Mythological duos
2820:
2819:
2304:
2303:
1932:978-0-19-022690-9
1768:978-0-19-928075-9
1744:978-0-19-022693-0
1707:978-0-19-929668-2
1686:978-1-77441-377-7
1630:978-0-520-90883-3
1603:978-0-19-937018-4
1565:978-0-14-341421-6
1536:978-81-86623-63-3
1066:Leiden University
496:Hengist and Horsa
492:Castor and Pollux
386:Castor and Pollux
224:
202:
201:
189:Baltic equivalent
128:Shraddhadeva Manu
2875:
2853:Rigvedic deities
2484:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2308:
2307:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1940:Parva, Paushya.
1936:
1909:
1888:
1859:
1850:(1/4): 137–143.
1838:
1820:
1772:
1748:
1724:
1711:
1690:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1634:
1618:
1607:
1586:
1581:. Archived from
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1538:
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1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1467:
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1328:
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1283:
1277:
1271:
1266:
1250:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1107:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1073:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1011:
1005:
996:
990:
975:
969:
949:
942:
936:
933:
614:of Rigveda. The
571:
498:, and the Welsh
442:('save, heal').
302:
235:
219:
217:
179:Greek equivalent
38:
19:
18:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2874:
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2872:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2812:Hindu mythology
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2709:
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2485:
2476:
2344:
2335:
2305:
2300:
2240:
2187:
2149:
2059:
1996:
1991:
1961:
1956:
1947:
1945:
1933:
1780:
1778:Further reading
1775:
1769:
1753:West, Martin L.
1745:
1708:
1687:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1631:
1604:
1566:
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1452:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1401:
1390:
1386:
1382:, p. 1522.
1378:
1374:
1366:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1320:
1316:
1309:Vedic Mythology
1305:
1298:
1290:
1286:
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1274:
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958:
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952:
943:
939:
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930:
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909:
872:chayavanprasham
777:
677:
675:Post-Vedic text
572:
569:
566:
563:
562:
560:
558:
546:
528:
473:
384:', designating
380:, the 'boys of
328:
290:
239:Ashvini Kumaras
165:
107:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2881:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2863:Health deities
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
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2818:
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2809:
2803:
2800:
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2598:
2593:
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2326:
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2299:
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2286:
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2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2250:
2248:
2242:
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2239:
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2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2189:
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2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1960:
1959:External links
1957:
1955:
1954:
1937:
1931:
1910:
1889:
1871:(4): 347–350.
1860:
1839:
1811:(4): 427–441.
1796:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1749:
1743:
1725:
1712:
1706:
1691:
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1670:
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1564:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1462:
1460:, p. 101.
1450:
1438:
1436:, p. 100.
1426:
1414:
1399:
1384:
1372:
1353:
1341:
1339:, p. 157.
1329:
1314:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1261:
1234:
1227:
1206:
1204:, p. 432.
1191:
1182:Thadani, N.v.
1174:
1161:10.1086/679000
1145:10.1086/679000
1123:
1108:
1091:
1074:
1050:
1048:, p. 187.
1029:
1012:
997:
976:
974:, p. 171.
960:
959:
957:
954:
951:
950:
937:
927:
926:
924:
921:
920:
919:
908:
905:
814:Pravargya rite
776:
773:
676:
673:
567:
555:
545:
542:
527:
524:
486:, the Latvian
472:
469:
370:; the Latvian
360:Dievo sūneliai
326:
289:
286:
269:. In the epic
200:
199:
190:
186:
185:
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176:
175:
171:
170:
159:
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146:
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105:
99:
92:
90:
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58:
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39:
31:
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27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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2836:
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2804:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2777:Bhagavad Gita
2774:
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2758:
2755:
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2659:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:Other deities
2630:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
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2607:
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2602:
2599:
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2492:
2488:
2483:
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2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2338:Hindu deities
2332:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
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2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2234:
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2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
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2196:
2194:
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2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2146:
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2138:
2136:
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2128:
2126:
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2108:
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2103:
2101:
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2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
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1853:
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1836:
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1828:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1793:0-500-51088-1
1790:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1729:Parpola, Asko
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1653:
1651:81-208-1208-5
1647:
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1561:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1516:
1511:
1505:, p. 47.
1504:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1475:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1448:, p. 70.
1447:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1424:, p. 64.
1423:
1418:
1412:, p. 69.
1411:
1406:
1404:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1376:
1370:, p. 71.
1369:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1318:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1262:9780788505515
1258:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1230:
1228:0-8018-3938-6
1224:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1105:
1104:Parpola 2015a
1100:
1098:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1009:
1004:
1002:
995:, p. 48.
994:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
973:
968:
966:
961:
947:
941:
932:
928:
918:
914:
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910:
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890:
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874:
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867:
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854:
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837:
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831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
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808:
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800:
796:
792:
791:
781:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
715:
714:
713:Vishnu Purana
709:
705:
700:
698:
697:
692:
690:
685:
684:
672:
670:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:
642:
638:
632:
630:
626:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
579:and his wife
578:
565:
553:
551:
539:
538:
532:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
478:
477:Indo-European
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:
445:In the later
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:
338:
336:
335:
330:
322:
321:Indo-European
318:
315:
311:
307:
303:
301:
295:
285:
283:
279:
275:
273:
268:
265:and his wife
264:
259:
257:
256:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
234:
228:
222:
213:
209:
204:
198:
194:
191:
187:
184:
181:
177:
172:
168:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
110:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
91:
87:
82:
78:
77:
73:
69:
65:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
25:
20:
2838:Divine twins
2791:
2784:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2686:Gramadevatas
2620:
2469:
2384:
2201:Sapta Sindhu
2109:
1946:. Retrieved
1914:
1897:
1893:
1868:
1864:
1847:
1843:
1808:
1807:(in Dutch).
1804:
1757:
1733:
1716:
1696:
1675:
1640:
1614:
1592:
1583:the original
1578:
1554:
1545:Bibliography
1530:, 2004, p10
1527:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1387:
1375:
1351:, p. 6.
1349:Kinsley 1988
1344:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1287:
1275:
1246:
1237:
1218:
1215:Puhvel, Jaan
1209:
1184:
1177:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1022:
1015:
946:#Vedic texts
940:
931:
901:chyavanprash
900:
871:
868:
863:
861:
856:
852:
848:
844:
838:
811:
809:, 1.112.5).
806:
802:
798:
794:
788:
786:
775:Associations
744:
742:
727:
718:
711:
708:Kuru kingdom
701:
694:
687:
681:
678:
666:
662:
644:
635:the foot of
633:
628:
624:
619:
615:
611:
609:
596:
585:divó nápātā"
584:
574:
556:
549:
547:
535:
512:Suppiluliuma
490:, the Greek
474:
464:
460:
456:
452:
446:
444:
439:
423:
412:
400:
396:
392:
390:
377:
371:
359:
352:divó nápātā,
351:
347:
341:
339:
332:
324:
316:
309:
306:Indo-Iranian
297:
291:
270:
260:
253:
242:
238:
230:
207:
205:
203:
144:Savarni Manu
66:
2858:Savior gods
2843:Health gods
2770:Mahabharata
2681:Kuladevatas
2460:Vishvakarma
2296:Dirghatamas
2264:Vishvamitra
2236:Drishadvati
1900:: 220–228.
859:, 4.45.2).
745:Mahabharata
704:Vishvakarma
683:Mahabharata
631:1.119.4).
544:Vedic texts
463:and one as
448:Mahabharata
434:and in the
428:Zoroastrian
378:Diós-kouroi
362:, 'sons of
272:Mahabharata
174:Equivalents
72:Mahabharata
51:Affiliation
43:Other names
2848:Hindu gods
2827:Categories
2752:Upanishads
2671:Gandharvas
2395:Dattatreya
2284:Bharadvaja
2259:Gritsamada
2254:Saptarishi
2100:Visvedevas
1948:1 November
1835:1130862317
1526:Panda, H;
1515:Frame 2009
1491:Frame 2009
1479:Frame 2009
1458:Dalal 2010
1434:Dalal 2010
1422:Dalal 2010
1267:. Excerpt
1139:(3): 348.
1119:Frame 2009
1008:Frame 2009
956:References
885:Dhosi Hill
689:Harivamsha
537:Harivamsha
516:Shattiwaza
488:Dieva Dēli
424:Nā̊ŋhaiθya
373:Dieva Dēli
197:Dieva Dēli
2691:Rakshasas
2561:Mahavidya
2504:Saraswati
2491:Goddesses
2420:Kartikeya
2289:Vasishtha
2231:Yavyavati
2211:Sarasvati
2206:Nadistuti
1731:(2015a).
1660:cite book
1446:Mani 1975
1410:Mani 1975
1368:Mani 1975
1292:Lang 1887
1241:KBo 1 1.
1169:162230518
1153:0018-2710
1087:West 2007
1046:West 2007
913:Ašvieniai
795:svàrvatīr
734:Brahmanas
504:Manawydan
484:Ašvieniai
368:Ašvieniai
334:Ašvieniai
250:twin gods
193:Ašvieniai
84:Genealogy
2807:Hinduism
2763:Ramayana
2705:Yakshini
2611:Shashthi
2571:Matrikas
2556:Mahadevi
2358:Trimurti
2269:Vamadeva
2002:Mandalas
1906:44140202
1885:24664156
1856:41693465
1831:ProQuest
1827:27860895
1755:(2007).
1517:, §1.45.
1493:, §1.44.
1481:, §1.43.
1217:(1987).
1010:, §1.42.
907:See also
877:Chyavana
845:tamohánā
765:Sahadeva
730:Chyavana
693:and the
655:Chyavana
641:Dadhyañc
637:Vishpala
577:Vivasvat
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2115:Tvashtr
2110:Ashvins
2065:Deities
1994:Rigveda
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