1860:
1850:
25:
619:
regimes. First, there was an "uppercasedelimiters" mode where all uppercase letters (outside strings) were treated as underlined lowercase. Second, in some versions (but not in the original Atlas version), it was possible to strop keywords by placing a
615:
Keywords in AA were distinguishable from other text by being underlined, which was implemented via overstrike in the
Flexowriter (compare to bold in ALGOL). There were also two
539:. The Flexowriter supported overstriking and thus, AA did also: up to three characters could be overstruck as a single symbol. For example, the character set had no
1251:
1891:
1242:
822:
638:. This significantly reduced typing, due to only needing one character, rather than overstriking the whole keyword. As in ALGOL, there were no
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775:
642:
in the language as keywords were identified by underlining (or stropping), not by recognising reserved character sequences. In the statement
884:
1079:
917:
1854:
796:
1896:
479:
AA's second-greatest claim to fame (after being the progenitor of IMP and EMAS) was that it had many of the features of the original
839:
691:". Spaces were possible due partly to keywords being distinguished in other ways, and partly because the source was processed by
555:(keywords) could also be done using overstriking. The language is described in detail in the Atlas Autocode Reference Manual.
1428:
1314:
1166:
89:
61:
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1225:
935:
265:
878:
1536:
68:
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388:
108:
1832:
1774:
872:
612:
and is available online, as is a high-quality scan of the original
Edinburgh version of the Atlas Autocode manual.
469:
1294:
910:
42:
75:
517:
46:
520:
was largely similar to ALGOL, though it was influenced by the output device which the author had available, a
319:
computer. The initial AA and AB compilers were written by Jeff Rohl and Tony
Brooker using the Brooker-Morris
493:
used in the
Compiler Compiler was in use continuously at Edinburgh from the 60's until almost the year 2000.
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57:
866:
819:
1115:
1011:
349:
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1410:
1110:
1094:
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903:
1331:
1827:
763:
676:. Spaces were not significant and were removed before parsing in a trivial pre-lexing stage called "
1304:
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772:
486:
304:
221:
216:
175:
1603:
1299:
1179:
35:
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209:
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695:, without a separate lexing phase, which allowed the lexical syntax to be context-sensitive.
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82:
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320:
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more efficient or to effect some operation which otherwise cannot be done easily.
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The syntax for expressions let the multiplication operator be omitted, e.g.,
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was not an array. In ambiguous uses, the longest possible name was taken (
464:
data type was dropped when Atlas
Autocode later evolved into the language
387:
accesses, and allowed an array to have dimensions that were determined at
1769:
1677:
1526:
1503:
1498:
1418:
1385:
1365:
205:
200:
485:. A variant of the AA compiler included run-time support for a top-down
1595:
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1508:
1007:
1002:
417:
353:
608:(ISO). That compiler has been recovered from an old paper tape by the
1231:
1017:
997:
982:
437:
department, as complex numbers are used to represent the behavior of
895:
323:, with a later hand-coded non-CC implementation (ABC) by Jeff Rohl.
24:
1645:
1442:
1353:
1237:
Euro-Asian
Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification
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1099:
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558:
Other
Flexowriter characters that were found a use in AA were:
490:
680:". What the compiler would see in the above example would be "
1219:
1149:
1125:
1089:
1052:
987:
926:
885:
Mercury
Autocode, Atlas Autocode and some Associated Matters.
372:
308:
150:
1236:
1083:
1069:
1063:
992:
797:"Programming in Atlas Autocode, Computer Unit Report No. 1"
669:
As in ALGOL, AA allowed spaces in variable names, such as
376:) to recalculate a parameter each time it is mentioned.
356:, and functions. It omitted some ALGOL features such as
769:. University of Manchester Computer Science Department.
594:
468:. IMP was an extension of AA and was used to write the
1845:^ = full name and link in prior ALGOL version above
1243:
International
Federation for Information Processing
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
451:, which was treated as a fixed complex constant =
794:
624:" sign in front of them, for example the keyword
1878:
891:Flowcharts for Atlas Autocode compiler on KDF9.
869:, By R. A. Brooker, J. S. Rohl, and S. R. Clark
543:symbol, so exponentiation was an overstrike of
1082:(ESPOL) → New Executive Programming Language (
840:"Tony Brooker and the Atlas Compiler Compiler"
606:International Organization for Standardization
911:
1252:Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
504:, a prototype Atlas 2 at Cambridge, and the
1080:Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language
761:
604:computer, the character set was changed to
1892:History of computing in the United Kingdom
918:
904:
336:. Different autocodes could vary greatly.
802:. University of Edinburgh. Archived from
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
795:Schofoeld, P.D.; Osbourne, M.R. (1965).
348:language that featured explicitly typed
790:
788:
1879:
881:by R.A. Brooker, J.S.Rohl (March 1965)
875:by W. F. Lunnon, G. Riding (July 1965)
433:, partly because of pressure from the
391:, i.e., an array could be declared as
1315:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
925:
899:
445:square root of -1 was represented by
412:AA high-level routines could include
785:
757:
755:
753:
751:
551:. The aforementioned underlining of
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1226:Association for Computing Machinery
1148:Small Machine ALGOL Like Language (
867:The main features of Atlas Autocode
16:1960s computer programming language
13:
762:Brooker, R.A.; Rohl, J.S. (1965).
610:Edinburgh Computer History Project
383:could generate range-checking for
14:
1908:
860:
764:"Atlas Autocode Reference Manual"
748:
1897:Structured programming languages
1859:
1858:
1849:
1848:
524:. Thus, it allowed symbols like
470:Edinburgh Multiple Access System
332:was basically an early term for
23:
879:Atlas Autocode Reference Manual
34:needs additional citations for
1823:ALGOL 58 influence on ALGOL 60
873:The Atlas Autocode Mini-Manual
832:
593:for the mathematical constant
1:
741:
303:developed around 1963 at the
1295:Case Institute of Technology
887:by Vic Forrington (Jan 2014)
307:. A variant of the language
7:
1828:ALGOL 68 to other languages
562:in floating-point numbers,
339:
315:and Derrick Morris for the
187:; 61 years ago
10:
1913:
656:, there is both a keyword
600:When AA was ported to the
359:passing parameters by name
1840:
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126:
1305:University of St Andrews
487:recursive descent parser
409:were calculated values.
305:University of Manchester
176:University of Manchester
1604:Adriaan van Wijngaarden
1300:University of Edinburgh
1180:Van Wijngaarden grammar
500:were developed for the
429:data type to represent
228:Implementation language
1247:IFIP Working Group 2.1
435:electrical engineering
311:, it was developed by
1686:Cornelis H. A. Koster
1458:Roland Carl Backhouse
1401:Joseph Henry Wegstein
1310:Manchester University
1269:Burroughs Corporation
662:and a variable named
602:English Electric KDF9
580:the second half of a
248:English Electric KDF9
532:and the superscript
416:, either to make an
334:programming language
301:programming language
43:improve this article
1720:Willem van der Poel
1376:Hermann Bottenbruch
738:had been declared.
726:was not treated as
693:scannerless parsing
678:line reconstruction
632:%end %of %programme
439:alternating current
182:First appeared
123:
1865:Category: ALGOL 60
1696:Charles H. Lindsey
1476:Edsger W. Dijkstra
1371:Friedrich L. Bauer
1059:Dartmouth ALGOL 30
825:2011-07-21 at the
778:2019-01-16 at the
630:could be typed as
522:Friden Flexowriter
366:means passing the
121:
1874:
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1803:
1802:
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1764:
1701:Barry J. Mailloux
1640:
1639:
1576:Jacob T. Schwartz
1471:Stephen R. Bourne
1437:
1436:
1391:Heinz Rutishauser
1341:
1340:
1188:
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730:, whether or not
537:to the power of 2
516:Atlas Autocode's
482:Compiler Compiler
321:Compiler-compiler
290:
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201:Typing discipline
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93:
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1795:John C. Reynolds
1740:van Wijngaarden^
1709:Lambert Meertens
1591:Bernard Vauquois
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1429:Robert M. Graham
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1274:Elliott Brothers
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489:. The style of
474:operating system
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346:block structured
195:
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188:
165:, Derrick Morris
158:Designed by
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94:
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58:"Atlas Autocode"
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19:
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1876:
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1855:Category: ALGOL
1847:
1836:
1833:ALGOL 68 to C++
1812:
1799:
1761:
1752:Philip Woodward
1736:Michel Sintzoff
1728:Douglas T. Ross
1636:
1632:Kristen Nygaard
1613:
1557:John E. L. Peck
1486:Robert W. Floyd
1433:
1405:
1337:
1320:
1283:
1257:
1211:
1184:
1175:Jensen's device
1161:
1048:Burroughs ALGOL
969:
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936:Implementations
930:
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848:
846:
845:. February 2014
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838:
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827:Wayback Machine
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780:Wayback Machine
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722:), for example
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636:%endofprogramme
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773:Original scans
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674:previous value
640:reserved words
627:endofprogramme
553:reserved words
513:
510:
502:Titan computer
443:imaginary unit
423:AA included a
368:memory address
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293:Atlas Autocode
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809:on 2020-05-15
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
48:
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38:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1863:
1853:
1844:
1785:Ron Morrison
1780:Tony Brooker
1757:Nobuo Yoneda
1691:Peter Landin
1673:Gerhard Goos
1665:Robert Dewar
1609:Mike Woodger
1586:David Turner
1581:Micha Sharir
1569:Rutishauser^
1522:Peter Landin
1495:Julien Green
1466:Richard Bird
1381:Charles Katz
1212:associations
1210:Professional
1037:
847:. Retrieved
834:
811:. Retrieved
804:the original
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414:machine code
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327:
325:
313:Tony Brooker
296:
292:
291:
163:Tony Brooker
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1775:John Barnes
1770:Hal Abelson
1678:Michael Guy
1527:Tom Maibaum
1514:Jørn Jensen
1504:Eric Hehner
1499:David Gries
1419:Bruce Arden
1386:Alan Perlis
1366:John Backus
929:programming
570:for modern
399:Thing (i:j)
362:, which in
354:subroutines
1881:Categories
1817:Comparison
1596:Eiiti Wada
1547:Peter Naur
1509:Tony Hoare
1325:Government
1167:Formalisms
1008:ALGOL 68RS
1003:ALGOL 68-R
849:2024-02-16
813:2006-04-12
742:References
687:thenresult
418:inner loop
259:Supervisor
141:structured
137:imperative
133:Procedural
69:newspapers
1732:Samelson^
1705:McCarthy^
1669:Dijkstra^
1600:Wegstein^
1572:Samelson^
1288:Education
1232:BSI Group
1194:Community
1105:Kidsgrove
1018:ALGOL 68S
998:ALGOL 68C
983:ABC ALGOL
947:standards
945:Technical
647:token=if
617:stropping
508:Mercury.
498:Autocodes
350:variables
344:AA was a
326:The word
171:Developer
128:Paradigms
1887:Ferranti
1748:Woodger^
1724:Randell^
1646:ALGOL 68
1443:ALGOL 60
1354:ALGOL 58
1262:Business
1139:Napier88
1135:PS-algol
975:Dialects
965:ALGOL 68
960:ALGOL 60
955:ALGOL 58
823:Archived
776:Archived
685:token=if
578:to mean
574: ;
506:Ferranti
401:, where
381:compiler
364:ALGOL 60
340:Features
329:Autocode
285:ALGOL 60
239:Platform
232:ALGOL 60
1661:Bourne^
1561:Perlis^
1454:Backus^
1245:(IFIP)
1131:S-algol
1033:ALGOL X
1028:ALGOL W
1023:ALGOL N
712:a*(i+j)
672:integer
654:= token
572:3.56e-7
568:3.56α-7
472:(EMAS)
461:complex
426:complex
394:integer
389:runtime
379:The AA
299:) is a
222:Lexical
190: (
83:scholar
1682:Hoare^
1653:Bauer^
1619:Simula
1462:Bauer^
1346:People
1254:(GAMM)
1239:(EASC)
1144:Simula
1121:NELIAC
1100:JOVIAL
708:a(i+j)
706:, and
689:=token
652:result
582:48-bit
518:syntax
512:Syntax
496:Other
491:parser
441:. The
264:Major
210:strong
206:Static
147:Family
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1716:Peck^
1713:Naur^
1518:Katz^
1334:(RRE)
1317:(MIT)
1228:(ACM)
1222:Group
1220:ALCOR
1158:ALGOL
1150:SMALL
1126:RTL/2
1107:Algol
1090:FLACC
1066:ALGOL
1053:CORAL
988:ALCOR
927:ALGOL
843:(PDF)
807:(PDF)
800:(PDF)
767:(PDF)
397:array
385:array
373:thunk
317:Atlas
309:ALGOL
244:Atlas
217:Scope
151:ALGOL
90:JSTOR
76:books
1156:SMIL
1116:Mary
1084:NEWP
1070:DG/L
1064:DASK
1012:ELLA
993:ALGO
734:and
649:then
586:word
564:e.g.
547:and
535:for
528:for
458:The
405:and
192:1963
185:1963
62:news
1411:MAD
1111:MAD
1095:IMP
728:a*b
714:if
704:3*a
634:or
45:by
1883::
1137:,
1133:,
1055:66
787:^
750:^
724:ab
700:3a
683:if
666:.
664:if
659:if
645:if
597:.
595:pi
589:;
566:,
530:.5
476:.
455:.
352:,
297:AA
255:OS
208:,
139:,
135:,
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1010:(
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912:t
905:v
852:.
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818:(
816:.
782:)
771:(
736:b
732:a
716:a
622:%
620:"
591:π
576:β
560:α
549:*
545:|
541:↑
526:½
453:i
448:i
407:j
403:i
295:(
194:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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