702:(who died playing cricket in Australia). A criticism/controversy of doctors who work in professional sport is that generally they are paid by their team which creates a potential conflict of interest between the best interests of the team and the best interests of the long-term health of the player (patient). The management of on-field concussion is a particular area of controversy, with club doctors given both responsibility for player safety and accountability. Individual doctors working in professional and elite sport have been publicly criticised or accused of helping clubs cover up drug use or poor behaviour of players or engaging in such behaviour themselves. It is not known whether the professional sport environment is associated with a higher rate of poor medical practice or whether the high public profile of sport leads to accusations being publicly made far more often in Sports Medicine than in other fields.
315:
consultations with a SEM specialist under
Medicare in Australia had a bulk-billing rate of only 9% in 2018–19, which is the lowest for any type of specialist under Medicare in Australia. A typical cost for consultation was A$ 225 in 2018–19, of which only $ 73.85 was refunded by Medicare, leaving patients $ 151 out of pocket. A recent review of Medicare has recommended that SEM consultation rebates for SEM physicians increase to achieve parity with other specialist physicians (p 29-37), although no response to this review has been made yet by the Department of Health. The other traditional specialties of medicine in Australia have been accused of creating a "hostile environment" stopping sports medicine from being recognized adequately under Medicare over the last 20 years.
324:
this area. In the late 1980s, a decision was made to pursue a stand-alone medical specialty with a formal structure of entry and
Fellowship exams and multi-year training program. The ACSP granted honorary Fellowship (FACSP) to ten Fellows of other recognized specialty colleges in Australia who acted as examiners. All applicants for the inaugural FACSP qualification had to show the equivalent of current practice in sports medicine and pass an exam, which first took place in 1991. This examination continued to become the Part 2 ACSP examination.
2644:
169:
degree, a minimum of three years of pre-specialty general medical training, a minimum of 4 years of specialty (advanced) training with the ACSEP, pass examinations, publish a research paper in the field of SEM and undertake annual continuous medical education to stay active. The ACSEP is one of the few specialist medical colleges in
Australia and NZ that conducts training in primarily in private practice, others being the
2656:
23:
2668:
2680:
946:
Carrard, Justin; Azevedo, Ana Morais; Gojanovic, Boris; Edouard, Pascal; Pandya, Tej; Robinson, Diana Gai; Dönmez, GĂĽrhan; Ušacka, Laila; Stenger, Rodrigo A. MartĂnez; Mendonça, Luciana De
Michelis; Thornton, Jane; Silva, Miguel Reis e; Schneider, Isabel; Zwerver, Johannes; Jederström, Moa (1 March
168:
with ACSEP being the specialist
College administering training and education. In Australia and New Zealand, patients are encouraged or required to visit a General Practitioner before being referred to a specialist. Doctors wishing to specialize in sport and exercise medicine must complete a medical
709:
There is also criticism of SEM physicians in
Australia that they undertake too much surgical assisting, as this is generously funded under Medicare in Australia. A recent Medicare review report however still found that the majority of Medicare billing for sport and exercise Medicine physicians was
705:
Within clinical practice of Sport and
Exercise Medicine in Australia, there is a criticism that some of these specialists are overly willing to use or recommend speculative new treatments such as Stem Cell injections. The ACSEP has a position statement exercising caution over the use of Stem Cells
323:
The ACSEP was originally formed as the
Australian College of Sports Physicians (ACSP) in 1985 by a group of doctors with vocational interest in sports medicine. Some of the original sports physicians in Australia were GPs who took an interest in sport and eventually chose to practise full-time in
1895:
Hamilton, B; Anderson, L; Anglem, N; Armstrong, S; Baker, S; Beable, S; Burt, P; Coleman, L; Doughty, R; Edwards, T; Exeter, D; Fulcher, M; Kara, S; Mayhew, J; Mayhew, S; Milne, C; O'Neill, B; Osborne, H; Parnell, M; Pearson, J; Rasmussen, K; Scheffer, J; Swan, M; Thomas, M; Gerrard, D (26 June
314:
In
Australia, limited funding is provided by Medicare for patients of SEM physicians. However, Medicare rebates for SEM physicians were lowered in 2010, and have not subsequently been increased, so that much of the expense in consulting a SEM physician is borne by the patient. Initial referred
222:
Clinical exercise medicine practice assisting with non-athletic patients who are trying to exercise move for general health. Exercise is known to treat and/or prevent cancer, cardiovascular disease, mental health disorders, arthritis and back pain, diabetes and osteoporosis, which are many of
153:(SEM). The ACSEP is the smallest of the 15 recognised specialist medical Colleges in Australia with approximately 260 Fellows and Registrars in 2020. Australia and New Zealand, along with the UK, have been cited as pioneer countries in the establishment of SEM as a stand-alone specialty.
368:
In 2016, the ACSP changed its name to include
Exercise in the title alongside sport with the College abbreviation becoming ACSEP. Exercise medicine is thought to be an emerging branch of SEM aimed at keeping the population healthy by assisting with Exercise Prescription.
677:
Sports medicine is one of the most visible medical specialties in Australia and New Zealand because of the prominence of professional sport in these countries. Issues that have had very high public profile that have involved sports medicine include
1302:
Davis, GA; Makdissi, M; Bloomfield, P; Clifton, P; Echemendia, RJ; Falvey, ÉC; Fuller, GW; Green, G; Harcourt, P; Hill, T; McGuirk, N; Meeuwisse, W; Orchard, J; Raftery, M; Sills, AK; Solomon, GS; Valadka, A; McCrory, P (October 2019).
1973:
358:
In 2008, the ACSP was successfully assessed by the Australian Medical Council as having fulfilled all the criteria for establishment as a specialist medical College in Australia. This has been successfully reviewed in 2013 and 2019.
2390:
1344:
Orchard, JJ; Orchard, JW; Toresdahl, B; Asif, IM; Hughes, D; La Gerche, A; Semsarian, C (17 February 2020). "Cardiovascular Screening of Elite Athletes by Sporting Organizations in Australia: A Survey of Chief Medical Officers".
433:
AM was named the Northern Territory Australian of the Year in 2020. In June 2023, four Sport and Exercise physicians were awarded in the King's Birthday Honours of Australia for services to sports medicine, Peter Harcourt,
1027:"Physical activity prescription: a critical opportunity to address a modifiable risk factor for the prevention and management of chronic disease: a position statement by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine"
2334:
2277:
327:
In 1992, the first registrars (trainees) were admitted onto the ACSP training program, which was conducted in private practice initially in Melbourne and Sydney. The ACSP first part examination was developed.
1797:
1146:
Exercise as medicine – Evidence for prescribing exercise for Australia's nine national health priority areas: An umbrella review. Castricum, A. et al. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Volume 21,
344:
In 2000, ACSEP Fellows were instrumental in providing athlete care services for all sports in the Sydney Olympic Games. The training program was well established with 17 training posts in the year 2000.
149:
is a not-for-profit professional organisation responsible for training, educating, and representing over 350 doctors in Australia and New Zealand. These doctors practise medicine in the specialty of
2436:
508:
Sport and exercise medicine physicians are generally appointed as the Chief Medical Officers for most of the major sporting competitions in Australian and New Zealand. Current sport CMOs are:
1519:
Australian Government Department of Health. Medicare Benefits Schedule Review Taskforce Report from the Specialist and Consultant Physician Consultation Clinical Committee December 2018
229:
Working in professional and elite sport as an administrator. The majority of major sports in Australia have Chief Medical Officers who oversee medical and health policy within the sport
2755:
661:
Sport and Exercise Medicine Physicians constituted the majority of panel members for the Australian government COVID-19 Sports and Health Advisory Committee (C19SHAC), reporting to the
1823:
2258:
2526:
2075:
348:
In 2000, sports physicians were first recognized by Medicare in Australia and awarded consultation item numbers equivalent to vocationally-registered General Practitioners.
2740:
311:, which is a no-fault government insurer covering all injuries which occur in NZ, including sports injuries. Professional sports also directly employ some SEM physicians.
1477:
2145:
1896:
2020). "Medical considerations for supporting elite athletes during the post-peak phase of the New Zealand COVID-19 pandemic: a New Zealand sporting code consensus".
372:
By 2020, the ACSEP had over 50 training positions (registrars) with over 200 specialist doctors in total in Australia and New Zealand, and other affiliated members.
2486:
1520:
2315:
921:
895:
2093:
1613:
2715:
806:
2591:
2745:
170:
2710:
662:
2372:
816:
796:
174:
1495:
2232:
2119:
2296:
2461:
2417:
2353:
999:
691:
208:
Clinical sports medicine practice, treating musculoskeletal injuries in athletes, but also treating illness and working in areas such as
2207:
1840:
ACSP’s take on specialisation. Sport and Exercise Medicine as a new medical speciality is welcome newshowever uncertainties still remain
271:
Sports and exercise medicine physicians working in specialist SEM practice and the ACSEP are differentiated from the more broad bodies
2725:
2705:
683:
352:
2720:
2700:
2163:
2024:
1839:
764:
The ACSEP subscribes to many sport and exercise medicine journals but has a particular relationship as a member society with the
687:
1441:
2750:
2735:
1161:
2730:
2562:
1638:
Castricum, A; Jamieson, M; Osborne, H; Blackman, P (October 2016). "Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians".
2544:
355:
was established with many of the structures and training programs established using the existing structures of the ACSP.
1998:
836:
769:
765:
275:
and Sports Medicine New Zealand which represents not only doctors but also Allied Health practitioners working in the
164:
is a specialty area of medicine, although the structure of SEM training varies substantially from country to country.
786:
725:
666:
624:
308:
261:
165:
653:
587:
554:
538:
443:
439:
435:
408:
365:
In 2014, the National Office, which was initially established in Sydney, moved to Collins St in the Melbourne CBD.
1101:
679:
1699:
1459:
748:
1681:
781:
744:
561:
532:
380:
332:
22:
1575:"The contribution of sports science and sports medicine to the development of the Australian sports system"
647:
2437:"AFL news 2020: Dr Chris Bradshaw banned by VCAT, tribunal, medical licence, cancellation of registration"
1923:
Hughes, D; Saw, R; Perera, NKP; Mooney, M; Wallett, A; Cooke, J; Coatsworth, N; Broderick, C (July 2020).
695:
375:
In 2020, New Zealand Sport & Exercise Physicians published a consensus statement in response to the
2634:
1415:
522:
450:
430:
2508:
1574:
1533:
1207:
1025:
Thornton, JS; Frémont, P; Khan, K; Poirier, P; Fowles, J; Wells, GD; Frankovich, RJ (September 2016).
1534:"Knee osteoarthritis in Australia: A 20-year case study of funding-system failure with poor outcomes"
791:
752:
734:'s Center for Sports Cardiology to produce a module for training physicians in the interpretation of
272:
2297:"Dire consequences of head injuries among footballers are causing alarm about how they are assessed"
949:"Sport and exercise medicine around the world: global challenges for a unique healthcare discipline"
731:
2391:"NRL 2020: North Queensland Cowboys, airport tryst, valium, Peter Parr, Dr Chris Ball, Gold Coast"
1074:
2462:"Position Statement: The use of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Sport and Exercise Medicine"
217:
2259:"Sports concussion expert who resigned amid plagiarism claims accused of copying more articles"
1256:
1148:
571:
874:
1445:
719:
604:
550:
284:
201:
189:
2316:"Sam Burgess saga: Medical watchdog launches 'formal complaint' into Rabbitohs club doctor"
1925:"The Australian Institute of Sport framework for rebooting sport in a COVID-19 environment"
1481:
811:
376:
253:
193:
2527:"ACC figures reveal 'massive surge' in youth sports injuries sparking warnings to parents"
8:
1305:"International consensus definitions of video signs of concussion in professional sports"
735:
265:
185:
65:
2049:
1949:
1924:
1877:
1774:
1747:
1663:
1370:
1284:
1272:
1229:
1189:
1129:
1117:
1056:
391:
Notable sports physicians in Australia and New Zealand (who are ACSEP Fellows) include
1852:
Orchard, JW (2 April 2018). "How exercise medicine has evolved from sports medicine".
1590:
1954:
1905:
1869:
1779:
1655:
1594:
1555:
1374:
1362:
1326:
1276:
1181:
1121:
1048:
980:
975:
640:
594:
581:
545:
209:
1667:
1288:
1133:
1060:
331:
In 1993, the first training position at a government institution was created at the
156:
2660:
2648:
1944:
1936:
1881:
1861:
1769:
1759:
1647:
1586:
1545:
1354:
1316:
1268:
1193:
1173:
1113:
1075:"A day in the life of a Sports Physician - On The Wards Medical Podcast & Blog"
1038:
970:
960:
634:
2278:"AFL facing concussion 'grenade' amid fresh 'integrity' claims over former expert"
2146:"'You can't see much': Respected league doctors back concussion calls from Bunker"
1478:
Sports and exercise medicine helps manage chronic disease. It needs better funding
341:
In 1998, sports medicine was recognized as a vocational specialty in New Zealand.
2684:
1999:"Congratulations to our King's Birthday Honour Recipients | Basketball Australia"
1651:
1550:
1358:
1321:
1304:
1043:
1026:
948:
614:
295:. The worldwide parent body for these more broad sports medicine associations is
280:
276:
161:
150:
1940:
2233:"An Information Resource for Doctors Providing Medical Care at Sporting Events"
1826:
965:
699:
416:
404:
292:
257:
237:
2335:"NRL 2020: Sam Burgess allegations, South Sydney doctor, investigation, drugs"
1700:"Honorary Fellowships - Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians"
2694:
2672:
1598:
1559:
984:
922:"Year in Review 2020 - Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians"
412:
400:
392:
249:
362:
In 2010, Medicare recognized sports physicians as specialists in Australia.
166:
In Australia and New Zealand the status of SEM is of a stand-alone specialty
1958:
1909:
1873:
1783:
1659:
1366:
1330:
1280:
1185:
1125:
1052:
420:
396:
241:
1764:
1255:
Verrall, Geoffrey M.; Brukner, Peter D.; Seward, Hugh G. (6 March 2006).
197:
1865:
1177:
307:
Sport and exercise medicine in New Zealand is essentially funded by the
1389:
424:
288:
213:
1614:"Australian of the Year nominee highlights forgotten cut to Medicare"
997:
245:
848:
157:
Sport and exercise medicine practice in Australia and New Zealand
1637:
1494:
Health, Australian Government Department of (18 December 2019).
672:
57:
Education, training, standards and advocacy of sports physicians
2655:
2181:
1894:
1301:
945:
338:
In 1993 New Zealand Fellows were admitted for the first time.
236:
Some of the major conditions typically treated by SEM include
2076:"Long-serving AFL doctor to step down, Hawthorn doc steps up"
181:
147:
Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians (ACSEP)
2625:
2373:"Sex, drugs and a cover-up: NRL sits on explosive complaint"
2206:
Health, Australian Government Department of (30 May 2020).
1343:
801:
386:
296:
2756:
Medical and health organisations based in Victoria (state)
2354:"Why I am concerned for Sam Burgess and the Souths doctor"
1724:
1024:
130:
2208:"COVID-19 Sports and Health Advisory Committee (C19SHAC)"
1396:. Commonwealth of Australia; Australian Sports Commission
226:
Working in professional and elite sport as a team doctor
1688:. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.
1387:
1162:"How exercise medicine has evolved from sports medicine"
755:
in the Concussion in Sport Australia Position statement.
698:, and serious injuries to high-profile players, such as
427:
was appointed as one of the inaugural honorary Fellows.
379:. A similar statement was published in Australia by the
2545:"New ECG Interpretation Training Modules Now Available"
2418:"Sleeping pills rife across the AFL, club doctors say"
2164:"Dr Carolyn Broderick appointed Chief Medical Officer"
1100:
Orchard, John W.; Brukner, Peter D. (3 October 2005).
706:
but does not forbid individual members from doing so.
2632:
1974:"Dr Geoffrey Thompson wins NT Australian of the Year"
1922:
2120:"Fears of ACL increase unfounded: Netball Australia"
1254:
204:. Careers within SEM in Australia and NZ include:
2741:
Medical and health organisations based in Australia
1824:
Sports doctors get new muscle: Medicare recognition
807:British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine
171:Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
2692:
1972:Jonscher, ABC News: Samantha (1 November 2019).
1727:. The Council of Medical Colleges in New Zealand
663:Australian Health Protection Principal Committee
817:New Zealand College of Musculoskeletal Medicine
797:Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine
175:Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine
1099:
741:Australia's National Osteoarthritis Strategy.
673:Controversies in Australasian sports medicine
200:, the signature treatment of SEM practice is
1460:"Sports medicine stymied by lack of funding"
875:"A Guide to the Specialist Medical Colleges"
1000:"Types of doctors and health professionals"
998:Department of Health & Human Services.
692:Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks supplements saga
2212:Australian Government Department of Health
1572:
1500:Australian Government Department of Health
1102:"Sport and exercise medicine in Australia"
896:"Medical Specialties and Specialty Fields"
728:to work to reduce injuries in New Zealand.
2716:Medical associations based in New Zealand
2370:
1948:
1773:
1763:
1549:
1442:Medicare rebate cut adds insult to injury
1320:
1042:
974:
964:
872:
853:Council of Presidents of Medical Colleges
722:to create the Dr Ken Crichton Fellowship
684:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports
461:The key office bearers at the ACSEP are:
453:clubs are sport and exercise physicians.
353:Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine UK
232:Working in research/academic publication
180:Although sports physicians can prescribe
2746:Specialist medical colleges in Australia
2332:
2143:
2118:Mitchell, Brittany (22 September 2019).
2117:
2050:"AFL Community: AFL Doctors Association"
1971:
1929:Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
1748:"Sports medicine education in Australia"
1579:Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
1230:"AFL Community: AFL Doctors Association"
449:The majority of the doctors working for
387:Notable Sports Physicians in Australasia
2711:Medical associations based in Australia
2313:
1851:
1745:
1611:
1531:
1159:
710:through consultations, not procedures.
688:Essendon Football Club supplements saga
2693:
2205:
1493:
953:BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
873:Llewellyn, Anthony (5 February 2019).
2294:
2256:
1208:"Team doctor – FIFA Medical Platform"
279:field, including occupations such as
2434:
2415:
2351:
2275:
2022:
1457:
2371:McClymont, Kate (30 October 2020).
2025:"King's Birthday Honours List 2023"
1532:Orchard, John W. (1 October 2022).
333:Australian Institute of Sport (AIS)
13:
2563:"National Osteoarthritis Strategy"
2333:Brunsdon, Simon (8 October 2020).
2295:Hinds, Richard (5 November 2020).
1752:British Journal of Sports Medicine
1640:British Journal of Sports Medicine
1416:"Injury-free sport and recreation"
1347:Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
1309:British Journal of Sports Medicine
1273:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00215.x
1118:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb07090.x
1031:British Journal of Sports Medicine
770:British Journal of Sports Medicine
766:Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
14:
2767:
2617:
2314:Keoghan, Sarah (7 October 2020).
1838:David Hughes. Sport Health 28(4)
1160:Orchard, John W. (2 April 2018).
787:Accident Compensation Corporation
726:Accident Compensation Corporation
667:Coronavirus pandemic in Australia
456:
309:Accident Compensation Corporation
262:Anterior cruciate ligament injury
2726:1985 establishments in Australia
2706:Learned societies of New Zealand
2678:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2509:"Dr Ken Crichton NRL Fellowship"
2257:Davey, Melissa (11 March 2022).
1854:The Medical Journal of Australia
1612:Masters, Roy (24 January 2020).
1261:The Medical Journal of Australia
1166:The Medical Journal of Australia
1106:The Medical Journal of Australia
21:
2592:"CONCUSSION IN SPORT AUSTRALIA"
2584:
2555:
2537:
2519:
2501:
2479:
2454:
2428:
2409:
2383:
2364:
2352:Kane, Darren (9 October 2020).
2345:
2326:
2307:
2288:
2269:
2250:
2225:
2199:
2174:
2156:
2144:Phillips, Sam (13 March 2022).
2137:
2111:
2086:
2068:
2042:
2016:
1991:
1965:
1916:
1898:The New Zealand Medical Journal
1888:
1845:
1832:
1816:
1790:
1739:
1717:
1692:
1674:
1631:
1605:
1566:
1525:
1513:
1487:
1476:Nathan Luies for Indigenous X.
1470:
1466:. Medical Journal of Australia.
1451:
1434:
1408:
1381:
1337:
1295:
1248:
1222:
1200:
1153:
1140:
1093:
680:Concussions in Australian sport
2721:Medical education in Australia
2701:Learned societies of Australia
2416:Lane, Samantha (5 July 2010).
1573:Bloomfield, J (1 March 2002).
1388:Australian Sports Commission.
1067:
1018:
991:
939:
914:
888:
866:
841:
829:
749:Australian Medical Association
223:Australia's health priorities.
1:
2751:Sports medicine organizations
2736:New Zealand sports physicians
2276:Zita, David (14 March 2022).
2238:. British Medical Association
1798:"Sport and Exercise Medicine"
1591:10.1016/S1440-2440(02)80291-2
822:
782:Australian Institute of Sport
745:Australian Institute of Sport
562:Football Federation Australia
533:Australian Institute of Sport
381:Australian Institute of Sport
2731:Sports medicine in Australia
2186:Victorian Institute of Sport
1804:. Australian Medical Council
1652:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096303
1551:10.1016/j.jsampl.2022.100009
1359:10.1097/JSM.0000000000000798
1322:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100628
1257:"6. Doctor on the sidelines"
1236:. Australian Football League
1044:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096291
902:. Medical Board of Australia
648:Victorian Institute of Sport
7:
2435:Zita, David (27 May 2020).
2098:www.cricketaustralia.com.au
2054:www.aflcommunityclub.com.au
2029:www.cricketaustralia.com.au
1941:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.004
1234:www.aflcommunityclub.com.au
1004:www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au
775:
759:
713:
696:Drugs in sport in Australia
665:as part of response to the
162:Sport and exercise medicine
151:sport and exercise medicine
10:
2772:
1746:Fricker, P (August 2000).
966:10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001603
523:Australian Football League
318:
302:
2377:The Sydney Morning Herald
2358:The Sydney Morning Herald
2320:The Sydney Morning Herald
2150:The Sydney Morning Herald
1682:"RACGP - Sports Medicine"
1618:The Sydney Morning Herald
1390:"Research and Innovation"
976:10067/1968010151162165141
792:Sports Medicine Australia
753:Sports Medicine Australia
483:Immediate Past-President
446:and David Humphries OAM.
273:Sports Medicine Australia
125:
115:
105:
95:
91:Australia and New Zealand
85:
71:
61:
53:
45:
37:
29:
20:
1484:Australia. 28 April 2020
732:University of Washington
499:Chief Executive Officer
2489:. Australian Government
900:www.medicalboard.gov.au
218:exercise-induced asthma
1496:"Medical Costs Finder"
1006:. Victorian government
572:NSW Institute of Sport
517:Chief Medical Officer
291:and other branches of
2513:National Rugby League
1765:10.1136/bjsm.34.4.240
1446:Sydney Morning Herald
720:National Rugby League
605:National Rugby League
527:Dr Michael Makdissi
285:Exercise Physiologist
202:exercise prescription
190:Diagnostic ultrasound
2003:Basketball Australia
837:2019: Year in Review
812:Exercise is Medicine
609:Dr Sharron Flahive
576:Dr Corey Cunningham
478:Dr Corey Cunningham
377:Coronavirus pandemic
254:Concussions in sport
194:radiological imaging
2599:www.sportaus.gov.au
2094:"Cricket Australia"
1866:10.5694/mja17.00764
1178:10.5694/mja17.00764
736:Electrocardiography
619:Dr Warren McDonald
266:Dislocated shoulder
186:surgical procedures
111:Dr Corey Cunningham
66:Melbourne, Victoria
2570:ibjr.sydney.edu.au
1842:. 2010-11, p 10-14
1458:McNamara, Sophie.
1448:. 17 November 2010
438:, Diana Robinson,
2515:. 18 August 2016.
2397:. 31 October 2020
1904:(1517): 107–116.
1822:Stephen Pincock.
1315:(20): 1264–1267.
659:
658:
641:Carolyn Broderick
629:Dr Geoff Verrall
595:New Zealand Rugby
582:Netball Australia
546:Cricket Australia
537:Dr David Hughes,
506:
505:
431:Dr Geoff Thompson
210:sports cardiology
143:
142:
2763:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2659:
2658:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2626:Official website
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2596:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2567:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2549:www.newswise.com
2541:
2535:
2534:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2168:Tennis Australia
2160:
2154:
2153:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1849:
1843:
1836:
1830:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1767:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1704:www.acsep.org.au
1696:
1690:
1689:
1686:www.racgp.org.au
1678:
1672:
1671:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1553:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1491:
1485:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1455:
1449:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1046:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
995:
989:
988:
978:
968:
943:
937:
936:
934:
932:
926:www.acsep.org.au
918:
912:
911:
909:
907:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
845:
839:
833:
652:Dr Susan White,
635:Tennis Australia
586:Dr Susan White,
511:
510:
486:Dr Mark Fulcher
464:
463:
442:, David Hughes,
192:and order other
184:, perform minor
139:
136:
134:
132:
25:
18:
17:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2487:"SCPCCC Report"
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2433:
2429:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2369:
2365:
2350:
2346:
2331:
2327:
2312:
2308:
2293:
2289:
2274:
2270:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1970:
1966:
1921:
1917:
1893:
1889:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1833:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1610:
1606:
1571:
1567:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1492:
1488:
1475:
1471:
1456:
1452:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1394:Sport Australia
1386:
1382:
1342:
1338:
1300:
1296:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1141:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1081:. 6 August 2017
1073:
1072:
1068:
1037:(18): 1109–14.
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
996:
992:
944:
940:
930:
928:
920:
919:
915:
905:
903:
894:
893:
889:
879:
877:
871:
867:
857:
855:
847:
846:
842:
834:
830:
825:
778:
762:
716:
675:
615:Rugby Australia
551:Dr John Orchard
459:
454:
389:
321:
305:
281:Physiotherapist
277:Sports medicine
159:
129:
118:
108:
98:
88:
81:
12:
11:
5:
2769:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2688:
2687:
2675:
2663:
2651:
2631:
2630:
2619:
2618:External links
2616:
2613:
2612:
2583:
2554:
2536:
2533:. 4 June 2019.
2518:
2500:
2478:
2453:
2427:
2408:
2382:
2363:
2344:
2325:
2306:
2301:www.abc.net.au
2287:
2268:
2249:
2224:
2198:
2173:
2155:
2136:
2110:
2085:
2067:
2041:
2015:
1990:
1964:
1935:(7): 639–663.
1915:
1887:
1860:(6): 244–245.
1844:
1831:
1827:The Australian
1815:
1789:
1738:
1716:
1691:
1673:
1630:
1604:
1565:
1524:
1512:
1486:
1469:
1450:
1433:
1407:
1380:
1353:(5): 401–406.
1336:
1294:
1267:(5): 244–248.
1247:
1221:
1199:
1172:(6): 244–245.
1152:
1139:
1092:
1066:
1017:
990:
959:(1): e001603.
938:
913:
887:
865:
840:
827:
826:
824:
821:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
777:
774:
761:
758:
757:
756:
742:
739:
729:
723:
715:
712:
700:Phillip Hughes
674:
671:
657:
656:
650:
644:
643:
637:
631:
630:
627:
621:
620:
617:
611:
610:
607:
601:
600:
599:Dr Ian Murphy
597:
591:
590:
584:
578:
577:
574:
568:
567:
566:Dr Mark Jones
564:
558:
557:
548:
542:
541:
535:
529:
528:
525:
519:
518:
515:
504:
503:
502:Kate Simkovic
500:
496:
495:
494:Saranne Cooke
492:
488:
487:
484:
480:
479:
476:
472:
471:
470:Office Holder
468:
458:
457:Office bearers
455:
448:
417:Lesley Rumball
405:Martin Raftery
388:
385:
320:
317:
304:
301:
293:Sports science
258:Sprained ankle
238:Osteoarthritis
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
220:
158:
155:
141:
140:
127:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
87:Region served
86:
83:
82:
80:
79:
75:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2768:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2600:
2593:
2587:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2488:
2482:
2463:
2457:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2234:
2228:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1726:
1720:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1521:SCPCCC Report
1516:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1440:Roy Masters.
1437:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1209:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1150:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1005:
1001:
994:
986:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
942:
927:
923:
917:
901:
897:
891:
876:
869:
854:
850:
849:"Our Members"
844:
838:
832:
828:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
773:
771:
767:
754:
750:
746:
743:
740:
737:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
717:
711:
707:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
670:
668:
664:
655:
651:
649:
646:
645:
642:
638:
636:
633:
632:
628:
626:
623:
622:
618:
616:
613:
612:
608:
606:
603:
602:
598:
596:
593:
592:
589:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
573:
570:
569:
565:
563:
560:
559:
556:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
540:
536:
534:
531:
530:
526:
524:
521:
520:
516:
514:Organisation
513:
512:
509:
501:
498:
497:
493:
490:
489:
485:
482:
481:
477:
474:
473:
469:
466:
465:
462:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
432:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:Karim M. Khan
410:
409:Peter Fricker
406:
402:
401:Rachel Harris
398:
394:
393:Peter Larkins
384:
382:
378:
373:
370:
366:
363:
360:
356:
354:
351:In 2006, the
349:
346:
342:
339:
336:
335:in Canberra.
334:
329:
325:
316:
312:
310:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:Muscle strain
247:
243:
239:
231:
228:
225:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
167:
163:
154:
152:
148:
138:
128:
124:
120:
114:
110:
104:
100:
94:
90:
84:
77:
76:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
16:
2603:. Retrieved
2598:
2586:
2574:. Retrieved
2569:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2440:
2430:
2421:
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2394:
2385:
2376:
2366:
2357:
2347:
2338:
2328:
2319:
2309:
2300:
2290:
2281:
2271:
2263:the Guardian
2262:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2211:
2201:
2189:. Retrieved
2185:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2139:
2127:. Retrieved
2123:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2053:
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1977:
1967:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1834:
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1801:
1792:
1758:(4): 240–1.
1755:
1751:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1646:(20): 1228.
1643:
1639:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1607:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:
1489:
1472:
1463:
1453:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1419:
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1393:
1383:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1312:
1308:
1297:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1233:
1224:
1212:. Retrieved
1202:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1142:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1078:
1069:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
1003:
993:
956:
952:
941:
929:. Retrieved
925:
916:
904:. Retrieved
899:
890:
878:. Retrieved
868:
856:. Retrieved
852:
843:
831:
763:
738:in Athletes.
708:
704:
676:
660:
507:
491:Board Chair
460:
429:
421:Dave Gerrard
397:Nathan Gibbs
390:
374:
371:
367:
364:
361:
357:
350:
347:
343:
340:
337:
330:
326:
322:
313:
306:
270:
242:Tendinopathy
235:
179:
160:
146:
144:
97:Membership
62:Headquarters
46:Legal status
30:Abbreviation
15:
2191:27 November
2182:"Structure"
1829:3 July 2010
212:, managing
198:blood tests
2695:Categories
2446:5 November
2441:Fox Sports
2401:5 November
2395:Fox Sports
2339:Fox Sports
2282:Fox Sports
2080:afl.com.au
2060:5 December
2023:CA Media.
1808:5 November
1802:amc.org.au
1585:(1): 1–7.
1544:: 100009.
1538:JSAMS Plus
1400:5 November
1240:5 November
1214:5 November
1112:(7): 383.
1079:Onthewards
1010:5 November
906:5 November
880:5 November
823:References
475:President
425:Merv Cross
289:Podiatrist
214:concussion
49:Non-profit
2661:Education
2649:Australia
2493:14 August
2471:14 August
2217:20 August
1623:27 August
1599:1440-2440
1560:2772-6967
1505:16 August
1375:211192405
985:2055-7647
467:Position
246:Back pain
107:President
78:Australia
38:Formation
2685:Medicine
2124:ESPN.com
1978:ABC News
1959:32451268
1910:32595225
1874:29614932
1784:10953890
1668:21445270
1660:27095748
1482:Guardian
1464:InSight+
1367:32073477
1331:30954947
1289:40876517
1281:16515438
1186:29614932
1134:41499338
1126:16201959
1061:26060025
1053:27335208
931:14 March
776:See also
768:and the
760:Journals
714:Partners
72:Location
2635:Portals
2605:23 June
2576:23 June
2467:. ACSEP
2422:The Age
2129:20 June
2103:20 June
2034:17 June
2008:17 June
1983:20 June
1950:7200343
1882:4606643
1775:1724237
1731:27 June
1709:27 June
1426:27 June
1194:4606643
1149:S5 - S6
1085:27 June
947:2023).
858:27 June
835:ACSEP.
319:History
303:Funding
126:Website
117:Staff
101:Doctors
54:Purpose
2673:Sports
2601:. 2019
2572:. 2018
2303:. ABC.
2242:2 June
1957:
1947:
1908:
1880:
1872:
1782:
1772:
1725:"Home"
1666:
1658:
1597:
1558:
1373:
1365:
1329:
1287:
1279:
1210:. FIFA
1192:
1184:
1132:
1124:
1059:
1051:
983:
747:, the
686:, the
682:, the
188:, use
133:.acsep
2595:(PDF)
2566:(PDF)
2531:Stuff
2465:(PDF)
2236:(PDF)
2056:. AFL
1878:S2CID
1664:S2CID
1422:. ACC
1371:S2CID
1285:S2CID
1190:S2CID
1130:S2CID
1057:S2CID
182:drugs
33:ACSEP
2607:2020
2578:2020
2495:2020
2473:2020
2448:2020
2403:2020
2244:2020
2219:2020
2193:2021
2131:2020
2105:2020
2062:2020
2036:2023
2010:2023
1985:2020
1955:PMID
1906:PMID
1870:PMID
1810:2020
1780:PMID
1733:2020
1711:2020
1656:PMID
1625:2023
1595:ISSN
1556:ISSN
1507:2020
1428:2020
1402:2020
1363:PMID
1327:PMID
1277:PMID
1242:2020
1216:2020
1182:PMID
1122:PMID
1087:2020
1049:PMID
1012:2020
981:ISSN
933:2021
908:2020
882:2020
860:2020
802:FIMS
751:and
625:SASI
419:and
297:FIMS
216:and
196:and
173:and
145:The
135:.org
41:1985
1945:PMC
1937:doi
1902:133
1862:doi
1858:208
1770:PMC
1760:doi
1648:doi
1587:doi
1546:doi
1420:ACC
1355:doi
1317:doi
1269:doi
1265:184
1174:doi
1170:208
1114:doi
1110:183
1039:doi
971:hdl
961:doi
639:Dr
451:AFL
137:.au
131:www
2697::
2597:.
2568:.
2547:.
2529:.
2511:.
2439:.
2420:.
2393:.
2375:.
2356:.
2337:.
2318:.
2299:.
2280:.
2261:.
2210:.
2184:.
2166:.
2148:.
2122:.
2096:.
2078:.
2052:.
2027:.
2001:.
1976:.
1953:.
1943:.
1933:23
1931:.
1927:.
1900:.
1876:.
1868:.
1856:.
1800:.
1778:.
1768:.
1756:34
1754:.
1750:.
1702:.
1684:.
1662:.
1654:.
1644:50
1642:.
1616:.
1593:.
1581:.
1577:.
1554:.
1540:.
1536:.
1498:.
1480:,
1462:.
1444:.
1418:.
1392:.
1369:.
1361:.
1351:31
1349:.
1325:.
1313:53
1311:.
1307:.
1283:.
1275:.
1263:.
1259:.
1232:.
1188:.
1180:.
1168:.
1164:.
1128:.
1120:.
1108:.
1104:.
1077:.
1055:.
1047:.
1035:50
1033:.
1029:.
1002:.
979:.
969:.
955:.
951:.
924:.
898:.
851:.
772:.
694:,
690:,
669:.
654:AM
588:AM
555:AM
553:,
539:AM
444:AM
440:AM
436:AM
423:.
415:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
395:,
383:.
299:.
287:,
283:,
268:.
264:,
260:,
256:,
252:,
248:,
244:,
240:,
177:.
2637::
2609:.
2580:.
2551:.
2497:.
2475:.
2450:.
2424:.
2405:.
2379:.
2360:.
2341:.
2322:.
2284:.
2265:.
2246:.
2221:.
2195:.
2170:.
2152:.
2133:.
2107:.
2082:.
2064:.
2038:.
2012:.
1987:.
1961:.
1939::
1912:.
1884:.
1864::
1812:.
1786:.
1762::
1735:.
1713:.
1670:.
1650::
1627:.
1601:.
1589::
1583:5
1562:.
1548::
1542:1
1509:.
1430:.
1404:.
1377:.
1357::
1333:.
1319::
1291:.
1271::
1244:.
1218:.
1196:.
1176::
1136:.
1116::
1089:.
1063:.
1041::
1014:.
987:.
973::
963::
957:9
935:.
910:.
884:.
862:.
121:8
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
