Authoritarianism - Knowledge

1111:. Constitutions in authoritarian states may serve a variety of roles, including "operating manual" (describing how the government is to function); "billboard" (signal of regime's intent), "blueprint" (outline of future regime plans), and "window dressing" (material designed to obfuscate, such as provisions setting forth freedoms that are not honored in practice). Authoritarian constitutions may help legitimize, strengthen, and consolidate regimes. An authoritarian constitution "that successfully coordinates government action and defines popular expectations can also help consolidate the regime's grip on power by inhibiting re coordination on a different set of arrangements." Unlike democratic constitutions, authoritarian constitutions do not set direct limits on executive authority; however, in some cases such documents may function as ways for elites to protect their own property rights or constrain autocrats' behavior. 1603: 1202:

including representative legislatures and competitive political parties. Most authoritarian regimes embrace these political structures, but use it in a way that reinforces their power. Authoritarian legislatures, for example, are forums through which leaders may enhance their bases of support, share power, and monitor elites. Additionally, authoritarian party systems are extremely unstable and unconducive to party development, largely due to monopolistic patterns of authority. Judiciaries may be present in authoritarian states where they serve to repress political challengers, institutionalize punishment, and undermine the rule of law.

1364:(structures that make it hard for any small group to seize power). Coup-proofing strategies include strategically placing family, ethnic, and religious groups in the military; creating of an armed force parallel to the regular military; and developing multiple internal security agencies with overlapping jurisdiction that constantly monitor one another. Research shows that some coup-proofing strategies reduce the risk of coups occurring and reduce the likelihood of mass protests. However, coup-proofing reduces military effectiveness, and limits the rents that an incumbent can extract. A 2016 study shows that the implementation of 3634:

and theoretical foundations for racism based on the notion that the white race is at risk of eradication, threatened by the growing population of immigrants and people of colour. The pre-existing, offensive white supremacist, fascist and neo-Nazi ideas that drove the white power movement of the twentieth century were thus rebranded through a new innocuous defensive frame of white victimhood. As such, the new strategy of racist rhetoric has allowed the movement to co-opt mainstream political debates surrounding immigration and globalization, drawing large audiences through a deliberate obfuscation of the underlying ideology.

1138:, political dissidents; (3) permit "reasonably open discussion and criticism of its policies"; (4) hold "reasonably free and fair elections", without systemic intimidation, but "with close attention to such matters as the drawing of election districts and the creation of party lists to ensure as best it can that it will prevail – and by a substantial margin"; (5) reflect at least occasional responsiveness to public opinion; and (6) create "mechanisms to ensure that the amount of dissent does not exceed the level it regards as desirable." Tushnet cites 1485: 3243:, Joseph T. Siegle and Michael M. Weinstein (2005) argue that democracies "realize superior development performance" over authoritarianism, pointing out that poor democracies are more likely to have steadier economic growth and less likely to experience economic and humanitarian catastrophes (such as refugee crises) than authoritarian regimes; that civil liberties in democracies act as a curb on corruption and misuse of resources; and that democracies are more adaptable than authoritarian regimes. 1727: 17317: 2909: 822: 1130:. Tushnet distinguishes authoritarian constitutionalist regimes from "liberal constitutionalist" regimes ("the sort familiar in the modern West, with core commitments to human rights and self-governance implemented by means of varying institutional devices") and from purely authoritarian regimes (which reject the idea of human rights or constraints on leaders' power). He describes authoritarian constitutionalist regimes as (1) authoritarian 1899: 9469: 1260:(or carrots and sticks) to prevent revolts. Authoritarian rule entails a balancing act whereby the ruler has to maintain the support of other elites (frequently through the distribution of state and societal resources) and the support of the public (through distribution of the same resources): the authoritarian rule is at risk if the balancing act is lopsided, as it risks a coup by the elites or an uprising by the mass public. 3166: 2953: 3387:, the other authoritarian/totalitarian "half" of the Allied Powers of World War II collapsed. This led not so much to revolt against authority in general, but to the belief that authoritarian states (and state control of economies) were outdated. The idea that "liberal democracy was the final form toward which all political striving was directed" became very popular in Western countries and was celebrated in 1857:

through which to contest for power." Competitive authoritarian regimes lack one or more of the three characteristics of democracies such as free elections (i.e. elections untainted by substantial fraud or voter intimidation); protection of civil liberties (i.e. the freedom of speech, press and association) and an even playing field (in terms of access to resources, the media and legal recourse).

3670:. While many contemporary extreme far-right groups eschew the hierarchical structure of other authoritarian political organizations, they often explicitly promote cultural authoritarianism alongside xenophobia, racism, antisemitism, homophobia and misogyny, as well as authoritarian government interventions against perceived societal problems. 1685:, patronage networks and coordination of elites) that are effective at continuing the regime's incumbency and diminishing domestic challengers; Lai and Slater also argue that military regimes more often initiate military conflicts or undertake other "desperate measures" to maintain control as compared to single-party regimes. 1219:

opposition, but the elections are structured in a way to heavily favor the incumbent authoritarian regime. In 2020, almost half of all authoritarian systems had multi-party governments. Cabinet appointments by an authoritarian regime to outsiders can consolidate their rule by dividing the opposition and co-opting outsiders.

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autocracies, which "seek only to gain absolute political power and to outlaw opposition", totalitarian states are characterized by an official ideology, which "seek only to gain absolute political power and to outlaw opposition", and "seek to dominate every aspect of everyone's life as a prelude to world domination".

7381:& Kathryn Stoner-Weiss: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 20: "The least efficient institutions are in illiberal democracies combining poor rule of law with democracy ... Less democratic regimes with weak rule of law ... appear to do better than illiberal democracies in maintaining institutional capacity." 6913:(May 15, 2013): "the followers of the late President Hugo Chávez continue to apply the playbook of authoritarian populism throughout Latin America in their pursuit of more power...one of the Mercosur partners are challenging the basic political practices of authoritarian populism implanted in Venezuela." 8587:"The way of the hippie is antithetical to all repressive hierarchical power structures since they are adverse to the hippie goals of peace, love and freedom ... Hippies don't impose their beliefs on others. Instead, hippies seek to change the world through reason and by living what they believe." 4383:

More demanding criteria may require that governments respect certain civil liberties – such as the freedom of religion (Schmitter and Karl 1991; Zakaria 1997) – or that the incumbent government and the opposition alternate in power at least once after the first seemingly

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in economics – so that a large fraction of the population considers to be opinion what were once "viewed as verifiable facts" – including everything from the danger of global warming to the preventing the spread of disease through vaccination – and considers to be fact what are actually only unproven

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declared that from 2006 to 2018 "113 countries" around the world showed "a net decline" in "political rights and civil liberties" while "only 62" experienced "a net improvement." Its 2020 report marked the fourteenth consecutive year of declining scores. By 2020, all countries marked as "not free" by

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which has been unusually resilient among authoritarian regimes. Nathan posits that this can be attributed to four factors such as (1) "the increasingly norm-bound nature of its succession politics"; (2) "the increase in meritocratic as opposed to factional considerations in the promotion of political

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as an independent country that fails to satisfy at least one of the following two criteria for democracy: (1) free and competitive legislative elections and (2) an executive that is elected either directly in free and competitive presidential elections or indirectly by a legislature in parliamentary

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The current resurgence of far-right ideology may be explained by a variety of factors, primarily, the strategic adjustment of white supremacists to soften overtly racist rhetoric in order to appeal to a wider audience. This new discourse attempts to normalize white supremacy, developing intellectual

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wrote that Fukuyama's idea of liberalism vanquishing authoritarianism "now looks like a quaint artifact of a vanished unipolar moment" and Fukuyama himself expressed concern. By 2018, only one Arab Spring uprising (that in Tunisia) resulted in a transition to constitutional democratic governance and

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one is that an authoritarian regime seeks to suffocate politics and political mobilization while totalitarianism seeks to control and utilize them. Authoritarianism primarily differs from totalitarianism in that social and economic institutions exist that are not under governmental control. Building

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Competitive authoritarian regimes differ from fully authoritarian regimes in that elections are regularly held, the opposition can openly operate without a high risk of exile or imprisonment and "democratic procedures are sufficiently meaningful for opposition groups to take them seriously as arenas

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state is autocratic and based on a political philosophy/movement, (such as that of the Fascisti of pre-WWII Italy) "that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation,

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Political scientist Theodore M. Vestal writes that authoritarian political systems may be weakened through inadequate responsiveness to either popular or elite demands and that the authoritarian tendency to respond to challenges by exerting tighter control, instead of by adapting, may compromise the

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Authoritarian regimes typically incorporate similar political institutions to that of democratic regimes, such as legislatures and judiciaries, although they may serve different purposes. Democratic regimes are marked by institutions that are essential to economic development and individual freedom,

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and extreme constraints on the participation of opposing parties. Autocratic leaders employ tactics like murdering political opposition and paying election monitors to ensure victory. Despite this, the proportion of authoritarian regimes with elections and support parties has risen in recent years.

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Another type of authoritarian regime is the competitive authoritarian regime, a type of civilian regime that arose in the post-Cold War era. In a competitive authoritarian regime, "formal democratic institutions exist and are widely viewed as the primary means of gaining power, but ... incumbents'

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Authoritarianism and democracy are not necessarily fundamental opposites and may be thought of as poles at opposite ends of a scale, so that it is possible for some democracies to possess authoritarian elements, and for an authoritarian system to have democratic elements. Authoritarian regimes may

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An authoritarian regime has "a concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people". Unlike totalitarian states, they will allow social and economic institutions not under governmental control, and tend to rely on passive mass acceptance rather than active

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Democratic and authoritarian arguably differ most prominently in their elections. Democratic elections are generally inclusive, competitive, and fair. In most instances, the elected leader is appointed to act on behalf of the general will. Authoritarian elections, on the other hand, are frequently

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According to a 2018 study, most party-led dictatorships regularly hold popular elections. Prior to the 1990s, most of these elections had no alternative parties or candidates for voters to choose. Since the end of the Cold War, about two-thirds of elections in authoritarian systems allow for some

7338:(Palgrave Macmillan: 2007), p. 199: "experts emphasize that elections alone, without the full democratic panoply of an independent judiciary, free press, and viable political parties, constitute, in reality, illiberal democracies, which still menace their neighbors and destabilize their regions." 3444:

while other countries saw riots, civil wars or insurgencies. Most Arab Spring revolutions failed to lead to enduring democratization. In the decade following the Arab Spring, of the countries in which an autocracy was toppled in the Arab spring, only Tunisia had become a genuine democracy; Egypt

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not only suffer fewer terrorist attacks as compared to other regime types, but also suffer fewer casualties in terrorist attacks as compared to other regime types, which may be attributed to higher-quality democracies' responsiveness to their citizens' demands, including "the desire for physical

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are the most and least democratic nations, and that "transitions from an authoritarian regime to a democracy may be accompanied by temporary increases in terrorism." Studies in 2013 and 2017 similarly found a nonlinear relationship between political freedom and terrorism, with the most terrorist

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and scholars agree that a fascist regime is foremost an authoritarian form of government, although not all authoritarian regimes are fascist. While authoritarianism is a defining characteristic of fascism, scholars argue that more distinguishing traits are needed to make an authoritarian regime

7351:(Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 231: "Illiberal democracies may have reasonably free and fair national elections based on broad suffrage, but they do not counteract the tyranny of the majority with effective protections for ethnic and religious minorities or various types of dissenters." 1354:

Yale University political scientist Milan Svolik argues that violence is a common characteristic of authoritarian systems. Violence tends to be common in authoritarian states because of a lack of independent third parties empowered to settle disputes between the dictator, regime allies, regime

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has challenged this, noting that while authoritarian regimes do take actions that serve to enhance regime survival, they also engage in mundane everyday governance and their subjects do not hold a posture towards the regime at all moments of their life. He writes, "People in autocracies do not

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do not alternate in power at least once following free elections. Authoritarian states might contain nominally democratic institutions such as political parties, legislatures and elections which are managed to entrench authoritarian rule and can feature fraudulent, non-competitive elections.

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state is "based on subordination of the individual to the state and strict control of all aspects of the life and productive capacity of the nation especially by coercive measures (such as censorship and terrorism)". and are ruled by a single ruling party made up of loyal supporters. Unlike

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exercised "mainly through patronage networks and coercion rather than through institutions and formal rules." Personalistic authoritarian regimes have been seen in post-colonial Africa. By contrast, populist authoritarian regimes "are mobilizational regimes in which a strong, charismatic,

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Compared to totalitarianism, "the authoritarian state still maintains a certain distinction between state and society. It is only concerned with political power and as long as that is not contested it gives society a certain degree of liberty. Totalitarianism, on the other hand, invades

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Political scientists have outlined elaborated typologies of authoritarianism, from which it is not easy to draw a generally accepted definition; it seems that its main features are the non-acceptance of conflict and plurality as normal elements of politics, the will to preserve the

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of decision making, and the predominance of personal power over institutional norms. ... Few authoritarian regimes – be they communist, fascist, corporatist, or personalist – have managed to conduct orderly, peaceful, timely, and stable successions."

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dictatorships are more likely to take coup-proofing measures than other authoritarian regimes; the authors argue that this is because "personalists are characterized by weak institutions and narrow support bases, a lack of unifying ideologies and informal links to the ruler."

3397:. According to Charles H. Fairbanks Jr., "all the new states that stumbled out of the ruins of the Soviet bloc, except Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, seemed indeed to be moving towards democracy in the early 1990s" as were the countries of East Central Europe and the Balkans. 3195:, a professor of political philosophy at the Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences, argues "political passivity and civic disengagement" are "key features" of authoritarianism, while totalitarianism relies on "mass mobilization, terror and homogeneity of beliefs". 1345:

has challenged the common mental image of an authoritarian state as one of grim totalitarianism, desperate hardship, strict censorship, and dictatorial orders of murder, torture and disappearances. He writes, "life in authoritarian states is mostly boring and tolerable."

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safety", resulting in "investment in intelligence, infrastructure protection, first responders, social resilience, and specialized medical care" which averts casualties. Magen also stated that terrorism in closed autocracies sharply increased starting in 2013.

7364:(7th ed.: Palgrave Macmillan: 2007), p. 259: "The gradual implementation of the rule of law and due process is an accomplishment of liberal politics, provide a basis for distinguishing liberal from illiberal democracies, and both from authoritarian regimes." 1329:

elites"; (3) "the differentiation and functional specialization of institutions within the regime"; and (4) "the establishment of institutions for political participation and appeal that strengthen the CCP's legitimacy among the public at large."

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among coup plotters by assuaging elites who have more to gain by patience than by plotting. According to political scientists Curtis Bell and Jonathan Powell, coup attempts in neighboring countries lead to greater coup-proofing and coup-related

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suggests that it is best to distinguish "simple military authoritarian regimes" from "bureaucratic authoritarian regimes" in which "a powerful group of technocrats uses the state apparatus to try to rationalize and develop the economy" such

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In 2010, Dani Rodrik wrote that democracies outperform autocracies in terms of long-term economic growth, economic stability, adjustments to external economic shocks, human capital investment, and economic equality. A 2019 study by

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argue that while economic development makes democracies less likely to turn authoritarian, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that development causes democratization (turning an authoritarian state into a democracy).

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role conceptions differentiate totalitarians from authoritarians. Authoritarians view themselves as individual beings largely content to control and often maintain the status quo. Totalitarian self-conceptions are largely

8671: 3312:. At least in Western Europe the initial post-war era embraced pluralism and freedom of expression in areas that had been under control of authoritarian regimes. The memory of fascism and Nazism was denigrated. The new 6984:

Kemmelmeier, M.; Burnstein, E.; Krumov, K.; Genkova, P.; Kanagawa, C.; Hirshberg, M. S.; Erb, H. P.; Wieczorkowska, G.; Noels, K. A. (2003). "Individualism, Collectivism, and Authoritarianism in Seven Societies".

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Several subtypes of authoritarian regimes have been identified by Linz and others. Linz identified the two most basic subtypes as traditional authoritarian regimes and bureaucratic-military authoritarian regimes:

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Corporatist authoritarian regimes "are those in which corporatism institutions are used extensively by the state to coopt and demobilize powerful interest groups." This type has been studied most extensively in

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Since 1946, the share of authoritarian states in the international political system increased until the mid-1970s but declined from then until the year 2000. Prior to 2000, dictatorships typically began with a

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and replaced a pre-existing authoritarian regime. Since 2000, dictatorships are most likely to begin through democratic backsliding whereby a democratically elected leader established an authoritarian regime.

1526:, there are seven typologies of authoritarian regimes: dominant party regimes, military regime, personalist regimes, monarchies, oligarchic regimes, indirect military regimes, or hybrids of the first three. 3688:

report. Some countries such as Venezuela, among others, that are currently or historically recognized as authoritarian did not become authoritarian upon taking power or fluctuated between an authoritarian,

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and prevent change by keeping all political dynamics under close control by a strong central power, and lastly, the erosion of the rule of law, the division of powers, and democratic voting procedures.

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A further distinction that liberal democracies have rarely made war with one another; research has extended the theory and finds that more democratic countries tend to have few wars (sometimes called

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abuse of the state places them at a significant advantage vis-à-vis their opponents." The term was coined by Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way in their 2010 book of the same name to discuss a type of

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and others). Unlike totalitarian states, the regime relies on passive mass acceptance rather than popular support. According to Juan Linz the distinction between an authoritarian regime and a

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and asphyxiates it." Another distinction is that "authoritarianism is not animated by utopian ideals in the way totalitarianism is. It does not attempt to change the world and human nature."

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as an example. Unlike personalistic dictatorships, new forms of authoritarianism have institutionalized representation of a variety of actors (in Spain's case, including the military, the

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Traditional authoritarian regimes are those "in which the ruling authority (generally a single person)" is maintained in power "through a combination of appeals to traditional legitimacy,

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While authoritarian regimes invest considerably in propaganda out of a belief that it enhances regime survival, scholars have offered mixed views as to whether propaganda is effective.

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as a "revolutionary" document. It was, he said, unlike any constitution drafted by a nation-state. The concept of "authoritarian constitutionalism" has been developed by legal scholar

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Racial and ethnic "democracies" are those in which "certain racial or ethnic groups enjoy full democratic rights while others are largely or entirely denied those rights", such as in

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argued that low-income authoritarian regimes have certain technocratic "efficiency-enhancing advantages" over low-income democracies that gives authoritarian regimes an advantage in

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attacks occurring in partial democracies and the fewest in "strict autocracies and full-fledged democracies." A 2018 study by Amichai Magen demonstrated that liberal democracies and

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are more likely to favor democratization, but less so under other circumstances. Economic development can boost public support for authoritarian regimes in the short-to-medium term.

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Azani, Eitan; Koblenz-Stenzler, Liram; Atiyas-Lvovsky, Lorena; Ganor, Dan; Ben-Am, Arie; Meshulam, Delilah (2020). "The Development and Characterization of Far-Right Ideologies".

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The foundations of stable authoritarian rule are that the authoritarian prevents contestation from the masses and other elites. The authoritarian regime may use co-optation or

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Brown, Cameron S.; Fariss, Christopher J.; McMahon, R. Blake (1 January 2016). "Recouping after Coup-Proofing: Compromised Military Effectiveness and Strategic Substitution".

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This is largely due to the increasing popularity of democracies and electoral autocracies, leading authoritarian regimes to imitate democratic regimes in hopes of receiving

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was viewed as post-totalitarian in the 1990s and early 2000s, with a limited degree of increase in pluralism and civil society. however, in the 2010s, particularly after

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Escribà-Folch, Abel; Böhmelt, Tobias; Pilster, Ulrich (9 April 2019). "Authoritarian regimes and civil–military relations: Explaining counterbalancing in autocracies".

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has declined, the state's top leadership is less personalized and more secure, and the level of mass mobilization has declined substantially." Examples include the

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Within national democratic governments, there may be subnational authoritarian enclaves. A prominent examples of this includes the Southern United States after

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in a region. A 2017 study finds that countries' coup-proofing strategies are heavily influenced by other countries with similar histories. A 2018 study in the

11254: 3153:(3) Consequently, the utilisation of power for personal aggrandizement is more evident among authoritarians than totalitarians. Lacking the binding appeal of 2959:, the founder of Italian Fascism, called his regime the "Totalitarian State": "Everything in the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State." 16923: 9501: 1383:

found that leaders who survive coup attempts and respond by purging known and potential rivals are likely to have longer tenures as leaders. A 2019 study in

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also be partly responsive to citizen grievances, although this is generally only regarding grievances that do not undermine the stability of the regime. An

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Various explanations have been offered for the new spread of authoritarianism. They include the downside of globalization, and the subsequent rise of

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as a means of control. Authoritarians increasingly seek to create an appearance of good performance, conceal state repression, and imitate democracy.

19784: 16386: 10691: 8800: 5395: 4432: 4403: 4370: 4166: 4142: 4098: 3189:, and monopoly control of ... industrial mass society" are the three features of totalitarian regimes that distinguish them from other autocracies. 896:. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government. Authoritarian regimes may be either 16938: 15251: 6822: 1583: 2974:, exert near-total control of the social, political, economic, cultural and religious aspects of society in the territories under its governance. 11468: 8566: 9105: 9056: 6151: 17938: 17354: 16185: 11448: 3463:", although some such as Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way have disputed that there was a significant democratic decline before 2013. In 2018, the 8864: 2487: 20292: 16664: 16180: 11463: 11260: 10839: 6923: 3932:

Lai, Brian; Slater, Dan (2006). "Institutions of the Offensive: Domestic Sources of Dispute Initiation in Authoritarian Regimes, 1950–1992".

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regimes have also been characterized as totalitarian, with some periods being depicted as more authoritarian, or totalitarian, than others.

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One of the few areas that some scholars have theorized that autocracies may have an advantage, is in industrialization. In the 20th century,

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notes that "regime theory holds that authoritarian systems are inherently fragile because of weak legitimacy, overreliance on coercion, over-

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In South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Chile and Uruguay moved away from dictatorships to democracy between 1982 and 1990.

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based on appeals to emotion and identification of the regime as a necessary evil to combat "easily recognizable societal problems, such as

9229: 9199: 4106:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), p. 256 (note 67): "For a long time the authoritative definition of authoritarianism was that of Juan J. Linz." 3304:) had totalitarian or authoritarian governments, and two of the three were replaced by governments based on democratic constitutions. The 912:. States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have some times been characterized as "hybrid democracies", " 16254: 14706: 12955: 12673: 11146: 7392: 5706: 5278: 1162:, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Stephens and John Stephens argue that economic development increases the likelihood of democratization. 1119: 9283: 7494: 18728: 18369: 15316: 12653: 12214: 7373:

Vladimir Popov, "Circumstances versus Policy Choices: Why Has the Economic Performance of the Soviet Successor States Been So Poor" in

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or murder by government. Those were also moderately developed nations before applying liberal democratic policies. Research by the

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Frantz, Erica; Kendall-Taylor, Andrea; Wright, Joseph; Xu, Xu (2020). "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships".

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This article is about authoritarianism in political science and organizational studies. For authoritarianism in psychology, see

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and slower real wage growth as well as social media's elimination of so-called "gatekeepers" of knowledge – the equivalent of

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and repression, which is carried out by an apparatus bound to the ruling authority through personal loyalties." An example is

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Bellin, Eva (January 2000). "Contingent Democrats: Industrialists, Labor, and Democratization in Late-Developing Countries".

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identify authoritarianism in politicians and political parties by looking for values of security, conformity, and obedience.

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H. H. Lai (2006). "Religious policies in post-totalitarian China: Maintaining political monopoly over a reviving society".

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backslid to return to a military-run authoritarian state, while Libya, Syria and Yemen experienced devastating civil wars.

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arose in response to unrest over economic stagnation but also in opposition to oppressive authoritarian regimes, first in

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from the beneficiaries of the land reform. Authoritarian regimes do so to gain coercive leverage over rural populations.

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Sondrol, P. C. (2009). "Totalitarian and Authoritarian Dictators: A Comparison of Fidel Castro and Alfredo Stroessner".

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to characterize the most tyrannical strain of authoritarian systems; in which the ruling elite, often subservient to a

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Leon, Gabriel (1 April 2014). "Soldiers or politicians? Institutions, conflict, and the military's role in politics".

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and technocrats who act pragmatically (rather than ideologically) within the limits of their bureaucratic mentality."

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Conway III, Lucian Gideon; Zubrod, Alivia; Chan, Linus; McFarland, James D.; Van de Vliert, Evert (8 February 2023).

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Lipset, Seymour Martin (1959). "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy".

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Allowing competition between candidates within the incumbent party, but not those who are not in the incumbent party.

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Frantz, Erica; Stein, Elizabeth A. (4 July 2016). "Countering Coups Leadership Succession Rules in Dictatorships".

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There is no one consensus definition of authoritarianism, but several annual measurements are attempted, including

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Authoritarian rule before World War II includes short-lived dictatorships and has been claimed to be understudied.

3172:, founder of North Korea, established an authoritarian regime which was modeled after other totalitarian countries. 3085: 2497: 932: 16264: 7290:"Electoral Responsiveness in Closed Autocracies: Evidence from Petitions in the former German Democratic Republic" 2977:

Linz distinguished new forms of authoritarianism from personalistic dictatorships and totalitarian states, taking

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and state-controlled mass media) remain, but where "ideological orthodoxy has declined in favor of routinization,

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Lai and Slater argue that single-party regimes are better than military regimes at developing institutions (e.g.

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Modernism and Totalitarianism: Rethinking the Intellectual Sources of Nazism and Stalinism, 1945 to the Present

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A typology of authoritarian regimes by political scientists Brian Lai and Dan Slater includes four categories:

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incessantly live under the shadow of dramatic historical events; they lead everyday routine lives." Similarly,

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Nationalism and Identity in Romania: A History of Extreme Politics from the Birth of the State to EU Accession

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banned its expression. In reaction to the centralism of the Nazi state, the new constitution of West Germany (

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has examined the characteristics of authoritarian and totalitarian dictators and organized them in a chart:

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Some scholars have challenged notions that authoritarian states are inherently brittle systems that require

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Easton, Malcolm R.; Siverson, Randolph M. (2018). "Leader survival and purges after a failed coup d'état".

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According to a 2019 study, personalist dictatorships are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship.

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A Lakatosian View of the Democratic Peace Research Program From Progress in International Relations Theory

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Post-totalitarian authoritarian regimes are those in which totalitarian institutions (such as the party,

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while at the same time increasing the mainstream appeal of white supremacism. According to Azani et al.:

3585:. In countries such as the United States, factors blamed for the growth of authoritarianism include the 3122:(1) Unlike their bland and generally unpopular authoritarian brethren, totalitarian dictators develop a 20560: 20393: 20347: 20135: 18376: 18036: 17161: 17053: 16546: 15950: 15336: 15226: 14822: 13934: 13454: 13030: 13015: 12940: 12918: 12913: 12850: 12571: 12533: 12389: 12369: 12344: 12141: 12106: 12101: 11825: 11628: 11554: 11513: 11378: 11275: 11223: 11111: 10904: 10844: 10764: 9860: 9695: 3778: 3325: 2752: 2374: 2121: 1987: 1950: 369: 18693: 15122: 14378: 14267: 11735: 8558: 8393: 2542: 2492: 20550: 20342: 20270: 20130: 18740: 18683: 18268: 16501: 16130: 15965: 15713: 15311: 14510: 14034: 12995: 12825: 12777: 12772: 12663: 12494: 12454: 12349: 12151: 12096: 12091: 11543: 11488: 11433: 11398: 11330: 11243: 11196: 11131: 11087: 10241: 9554: 9479: 9431:

Linz, Juan J. (1964). "An Authoritarian Regime: The Case of Spain". In Allard, Eric; Littunen, Yrjo.

9044: 7800: 6073: 5351: 2932: 2359: 1379: 31: 13313: 10517: 10446: 9829: 5935:

Narang, Vipin; Talmadge, Caitlin (31 January 2017). "Civil-military Pathologies and Defeat in War".

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found that democracy increases GDP per capita by about 20 percent over the long-term. According to

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has theorized that "authoritarian equilibrium rests mainly on lies, fear and economic prosperity."

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Ill-defined executive powers, often vague and shifting, used to extend the power of the executive.

119: 15652: 15047: 13599: 13449: 13247: 9221: 7185:"In South Carolina, Democrats debated when a dictator is really a dictator. So what's the answer?" 5775:

Powell, Jonathan (1 December 2012). "Determinants of the Attempting and Outcome of Coups d'état".

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Davis S. Law & Mila Versteeg, "Constitutional Variation Among Strains of Authoritarianism" in

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manipulative leader rules through a coalition involving key lower-class groups." Examples include

1618:

Authoritarian regimes are also sometimes subcategorized by whether they are more personalistic or

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Duckitt, J. (1989). "Authoritarianism and Group Identification: A New View of an Old Construct".

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O'Brien, Maire (1998). "Dissent and the emergence of civil society in post-totalitarian China".

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has been criticised, a study found evidence for both left-wing and right-wing authoritarianism.

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Michael Albertus & Victor Menaldo, "The Political Economy of Autocratic Constitutions", in

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to maintain control. The study shows instead that authoritarians have increasingly resorted to

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as an example of an authoritarian constitutionalist state, and connects the concept to that of

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suggests that political institutions are extremely important in determining the prevalence of

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Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America

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Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de; Smith, Alastair; Morrow, James D.; Siverson, Randolph M. (2005).

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Cleavages, Ideologies, and Party Systems: Contributions to Comparative Political Sociology

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or states of the republic, not with the federal German government, at least not at first.

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I follow Przeworski et al. (2000), Boix (2003), and Cheibub et al. (2010) in defining a

2746: 2700: 2384: 20555: 20431: 20388: 20327: 20229: 20105: 19959: 19753: 19748: 19731: 19726: 19195: 18703: 18640: 17799: 17431: 17406: 17396: 17391: 17379: 17109: 16862: 16083: 15990: 15895: 15764: 15688: 15602: 15597: 15522: 15382: 15352: 15326: 15321: 15246: 15221: 15132: 14962: 14892: 14786: 14781: 14776: 14601: 14297: 13792: 13690: 13226: 11645: 11633: 10909: 10894: 10629: 10612: 10441: 10323: 10200: 10150: 8823: 8325: 8290: 8252: 8099: 8060: 7580: 7412: 7317: 7180: 7176: 7083: 7048: 7002: 6966: 6795: 6700: 6500: 6367: 6324: 6271: 6221: 6132: 6041: 5995: 5952: 5890: 5800: 5745: 5687: 5611: 5458: 5329: 5214: 5010: 4982: 4892: 4849: 4841: 4784: 4741: 4733: 4345: 4337: 4290: 4241: 4051:"Lost in the Gray Zone: Competing Measures of Democracy in the Former Soviet Republics" 4031: 3949: 3614: 3535:

stated: "The hopeful world of the very late 20th century – the world of

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Authoritarian regimes often adopt "the institutional trappings" of democracies such as

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Bausch, Andrew W. (2017). "Coup-proofing and Military Inefficiencies: An Experiment".

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According to Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way, authoritarian regimes that are created in

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One exception to this general trend is the endurance of the authoritarian rule of the

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Political system characterized by the rejection of democracy and political pluralism

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Rehearsals for fascism : populism and political mobilization in Weimar Germany

7694: 7572: 7524: 7416: 7404: 7301: 7260: 7151: 7078: 7060: 6994: 6958: 6787: 6760: 6731: 6684: 6492: 6351: 6306: 6298: 6263: 6205: 6197: 6116: 6078: 6025: 5979: 5944: 5872: 5831: 5784: 5737: 5669: 5595: 5554: 5424: 5359: 5311: 5252: 5240: 5173: 5141: 5098: 5090: 5016: 4964: 4917: 4876: 4853: 4825: 4768: 4717: 4691: 4606:(eds. Tom Ginsburg & Alberto Simpser: Cambridge University Press, 2014), p. 54. 4580:(eds. Tom Ginsburg & Alberto Simpser: Cambridge University Press, 2014), p. 80. 4466: 4321: 4272: 4225: 4058: 4015: 3974: 3941: 3710: 3690: 3667: 3388: 3150:

is less a person than an indispensable function to guide and reshape the universe.

2956: 2837: 2552: 2447: 2432: 2324: 2314: 2244: 1965: 1785:) causing fewer battle deaths with one another and that democracies have far fewer 1479: 1305: 1167: 1077: 1041: 954: 867: 615: 538: 508: 124: 104: 19325: 16088: 14150: 13609: 13125: 10804: 7393:"Towards A Democratic Civil Peace? Opportunity, Grievance and Civil War 1816–1992" 7391:

Hegre, Håvard; Ellington, Tanja; Gates, Scott & Nils Petter Gleditsch (2001).

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Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders

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The Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism

7643: 7498: 7161: 7021: 6930: 5909: 5639: 5538: 5512: 5485: 5130:"Authoritarian Party Systems: Patterns of Emergence, Sustainability and Survival" 4816:

Przeworski, Adam; Limongi, Fernando (1997). "Modernization: Theories and Facts".

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States characterized as authoritarian, are typically not rated as democracies by

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Sondrol argues that while both authoritarianism and totalitarianism are forms of

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reduce the occurrence of coup attempts. Succession rules are believed to hamper

1286:, authoritarian regimes have over time become less reliant on violence and mass 1040:

Authoritarianism also tends to embrace the informal and unregulated exercise of

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interchangeably and refer to the heads of these regimes' governments as simply

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states that (2) impose sanctions (such as libel judgments) against, but do not

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and the exclusion of potential or supposed challengers by armed force. It uses

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Acemoglu, Daron; Naidu, Suresh; Restrepo, Pascual; Robinson, James A. (2019).

7408: 7305: 6764: 6688: 6577: 6496: 6412: 5877: 5860: 5674: 5657: 5145: 4880: 4325: 4229: 3865: 1648: 1622:. Personalistic authoritarian regimes are characterized by arbitrary rule and 20544: 20493: 20332: 20287: 20234: 20150: 20055: 19911: 19701: 19531: 19441: 19390: 19360: 19350: 19280: 19275: 19265: 19125: 19115: 19105: 19080: 18947: 18925: 18843: 18750: 18723: 18708: 18650: 18333: 17774: 17734: 17622: 17526: 17448: 17220: 17171: 16918: 16786: 16581: 16516: 16411: 16351: 16319: 16197: 15657: 15647: 15517: 15137: 15082: 15042: 15017: 14997: 14942: 14877: 14847: 14842: 14827: 14746: 14741: 14686: 14681: 14596: 14545: 14454: 14327: 14226: 14196: 14160: 14089: 14009: 13959: 13919: 13878: 13868: 13858: 13746: 13695: 13680: 13639: 13629: 13589: 13579: 13519: 13439: 13328: 13287: 13257: 13242: 13155: 13140: 13135: 13120: 12698: 12561: 12249: 11924: 11503: 11310: 11161: 11031: 10981: 10924: 10869: 10651: 10414: 10298: 10140: 10036: 9996: 9963: 9768: 9660: 9387: 8943: 8429: 8286: 7820: 7313: 7264: 7074: 6696: 6589: 6363: 6320: 6302: 6267: 6217: 6128: 6120: 6090: 6037: 5991: 5948: 5886: 5845: 5836: 5819: 5796: 5788: 5683: 5632: 5607: 5568: 5371: 5078: 4921: 4888: 4837: 4780: 4729: 4384:

free election (Huntington 1993; Przeworski et al. 2000; Cheibib et al. 2010).

4333: 4286: 4237: 4027: 3978: 3973:. Problems of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3738: 3694: 3679: 3651: 3469: 3464: 3186: 2651: 2644: 2452: 2299: 1996: 1846: 1738: 1693: 1553: 1539: 1420: 1279: 1069: 1057: 991:, or both. Broadly defined, authoritarian states include countries that lack 691: 586: 488: 478: 319: 15367: 15032: 14932: 9896: 8038:(3rd revised and enlarged ed.). New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 7874:

Politics and ideology in Marxist theory : capitalism, fascism, populism

7849:

Varieties of fascism : doctrines of revolution in the twentieth century

7023:

Revolution and Dictatorship: The Violent Origins of Durable Authoritarianism

5741: 5129: 4960:

Property without Rights: Origins and Consequences of the Property Rights Gap

1632: 1222:

Hindrances to free and fair elections in authoritarian systems may include:

1091:) or other authority. The transition from an authoritarian system to a more 1083:

Authoritarianism is marked by "indefinite political tenure" of the ruler or

20503: 20488: 20357: 20165: 20035: 19966: 19949: 19896: 19855: 19681: 19365: 19355: 19345: 19210: 19205: 19145: 19120: 19090: 19085: 18992: 18987: 18833: 18713: 18447: 18383: 18253: 18243: 18238: 18157: 18147: 18091: 17981: 17870: 17521: 17506: 17501: 17235: 17215: 17210: 17205: 17195: 17131: 17126: 17075: 16970: 16908: 16601: 16596: 16556: 16401: 16376: 16371: 16239: 16073: 15800: 15186: 15142: 15092: 15067: 15012: 14977: 14887: 14646: 14616: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14474: 14464: 14287: 14079: 13994: 13989: 13979: 13904: 13813: 13721: 13619: 13564: 13539: 13484: 13368: 13186: 13145: 12840: 12725: 11850: 11613: 11325: 11077: 11072: 11053: 11026: 10794: 10286: 10278: 10180: 10031: 9677: 9645: 9559: 9253:"We are witnessing the rise of global authoritarianism on a chilling scale" 8378: 7795:

Hagtvet, Bernt; Larsen, Stein Ugelvik; Myklebust, Jan Petter, eds. (1984).

7699: 7682: 7461: 7217:

Citizens and the State in Authoritarian Regimes: Comparing China and Russia

7156: 7137: 7092: 6736: 6719: 4116: 4050: 3714: 3706: 3606: 3338: 3337:

Culturally there was also a strong sense of anti-authoritarianism based on

3309: 3293: 3281: 3271: 3209: 2865: 2532: 2437: 2364: 2344: 2309: 2254: 2214: 2204: 2161: 2079: 1992: 1976: 1930: 1925: 1607: 1568: 1565: 1533:

or organic-statistic, racial and ethnic "democracy" and post-totalitarian.

1444: 1189:

tend to be implemented by authoritarian regimes that subsequently withhold

1159: 1127: 1108: 1084: 1073: 1061: 1060:

while political stability is maintained by control over and support of the

992: 740: 667: 661: 635: 630: 606: 596: 533: 422: 242: 166: 34:. For a form of government where power is held by a single individual, see 15562: 14140: 9454: 8934: 8917: 8819: 8472:

Morgenbesser, Lee (18 July 2024). "The Lost Works of Nondemocratic Rule".

8321: 7757:. Translated by Leila Vennewitz. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 300. 7576: 5428: 5315: 5177: 4968: 4759:

Boix, Carles; Stokes, Susan C. (July 2003). "Endogenous Democratization".

4019: 3134:

with their followers via the conscious manipulation of a prophetic image.

3002:

on the work of Yale political scientist Juan Linz, Paul C. Sondrol of the

1033:

and mass organizations to mobilize people around the goals of the regime.

975:

Minimally defined, an authoritarian government lacks free and competitive

20523: 20478: 19992: 19928: 19380: 19375: 19310: 19305: 19155: 19027: 18982: 18972: 18765: 18760: 18698: 18635: 18418: 18393: 18318: 18278: 18248: 18223: 18203: 18182: 18162: 18142: 18132: 18101: 17966: 17729: 17692: 17687: 17617: 17538: 17516: 17466: 17443: 17277: 17267: 17225: 17082: 16867: 16816: 16690: 16628: 16466: 16441: 16269: 16244: 16202: 15905: 15879: 15718: 15632: 15377: 15357: 15077: 14716: 14307: 14262: 14221: 14135: 14109: 14014: 13929: 13863: 13828: 13584: 13524: 13499: 13459: 13434: 13393: 13383: 13252: 13115: 12628: 12556: 12186: 12161: 11715: 11248: 11201: 11048: 10744: 10622: 10561: 10536: 10524: 10108: 10071: 10021: 9812: 9805: 9732: 9620: 9575: 8277: 6201: 6082: 5559: 5542: 4829: 4772: 4308:

Cheibub, José Antonio; Gandhi, Jennifer; Vreeland, James Raymond (2010).

3563: 3401: 3376: 3354: 3285: 3217: 3169: 3158: 2637: 2349: 2329: 2074: 2029: 1955: 1945: 1890: 1825: 1815:

has concluded that terrorism is most common in nations with intermediate

1763: 1530: 1511: 1471: 1412: 1388: 1186: 980: 936: 893: 745: 730: 672: 543: 407: 206: 201: 181: 171: 161: 17316: 16436: 15452: 14236: 9385: 8668:"The man who declared 'the end of history' fears for democracy's future" 8103: 8087: 7811:. " organized form of integrative radical nationalist authoritarianism". 7683:"What Do We Know about Hybrid Regimes after Two Decades of Scholarship?" 7512: 7256:

Making Autocracy Work: Representation and Responsiveness in Modern China

6924:"Latin America's Authoritarian Drift: The Threat from the Populist Left" 5218: 4845: 4554:

Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit, and the rise of authoritarian-populism

4341: 4309: 2908: 821: 20160: 20145: 20080: 19906: 19885: 19840: 19763: 19571: 19471: 19320: 19240: 19012: 18903: 18745: 18688: 18665: 18630: 18579: 18569: 18537: 18482: 18308: 18288: 18213: 18177: 18081: 18066: 17991: 17916: 17895: 17789: 17749: 17719: 17605: 17585: 17476: 17332: 17272: 17068: 16796: 16576: 16381: 16279: 15995: 15955: 15527: 15497: 15442: 15281: 15127: 14761: 14636: 14631: 14292: 14246: 14216: 14074: 13514: 13474: 13409: 13267: 13099: 12750: 12740: 12703: 12299: 11840: 11771:

Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party

11207: 11141: 10799: 10734: 10512: 10399: 10340: 10190: 10155: 10098: 10006: 9850: 9822: 9800: 9710: 8420: 6970: 6815:"A Surveillance Net Blankets China's Cities, Giving Police Vast Powers" 6791: 6311: 5911:

The Dictator's Army: Battlefield Effectiveness in Authoritarian Regimes

5202: 5103: 4913:

Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and its Demise in Mexico

4737: 3953: 3532: 3346: 3192: 2994: 2990: 2796: 2763: 2630: 2304: 2259: 2111: 2084: 2054: 1981: 1797: 1726: 1701: 1579: 1572: 1273: 1175: 1065: 958: 901: 897: 876: 750: 706: 701: 696: 682: 523: 314: 196: 191: 55: 17815: 9509: 3165: 2952: 1696:. Duckitt writes that both authoritarianism and collectivism submerge 1440:

is a state/government in which one person possesses "unlimited power".

20508: 19934: 19891: 19874: 19870: 19461: 19400: 18957: 18600: 18527: 18512: 18433: 18353: 18348: 18273: 18228: 18208: 18187: 18172: 18152: 18137: 18001: 17961: 17900: 17880: 17865: 17855: 17779: 17724: 17714: 17649: 17644: 17600: 17491: 17471: 17255: 17166: 17099: 17058: 16591: 16496: 16481: 16361: 16284: 15849: 15612: 15577: 15542: 15362: 14771: 14606: 14469: 14155: 11661: 10919: 10884: 10345: 10041: 9773: 9749: 9705: 9700: 9655: 9640: 9537: 8514:. Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community of Germany 8448:

The Democracy Advantage: How Democracies Promote Prosperity and Peace

7613:

Boundary Control: Subnational Authoritarianism in Federal Democracies

4149:(University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995), pp. 40–50 (citing Linz 1964). 4003: 3788: 3622: 3341:

in Western Europe. This was attributed to the active resistance from

3143: 3115: 3111: 2853: 2848: 2813: 2734: 2339: 2199: 2106: 1820: 1786: 1644: 1628: 1623: 1501:

Bureaucratic-military authoritarian regimes are those "governed by a

1437: 1139: 1092: 920: 881: 553: 447: 437: 432: 417: 412: 402: 276: 237: 226: 221: 211: 176: 144: 88: 83: 35: 15512: 12504: 8768:"10 years after Arab Spring, autocratic regimes hold the upper hand" 7501:, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2708 (November 2001). 6962: 6552: 4721: 1336:

and propaganda to make people comply with the authoritarian regime.

20513: 19971: 19736: 19315: 19052: 18645: 18610: 18584: 18564: 18517: 18328: 18283: 18167: 18071: 18061: 18026: 17996: 17890: 17885: 17769: 17759: 17754: 17610: 17580: 17575: 17560: 17416: 17386: 17282: 17250: 17200: 17114: 17104: 17087: 16695: 16461: 16391: 15698: 15432: 14130: 12259: 10465: 10404: 10389: 10145: 10087: 10051: 9715: 9630: 8783:"The Arab Spring at Ten Years: What's the Legacy of the Uprisings?" 8268: 7491: 6877:"In Xinjiang, China's 'Neo-Totalitarian' Turn Is Already a Reality" 6355: 5241:"The Game of Electoral Fraud and the Ousting of Authoritarian Rule" 5079:"Legislative Institutions and Performance in Authoritarian Regimes" 3798: 3570: 3275: 3220:, no functioning liberal democracy has ever suffered a large-scale 3154: 3123: 3071: 3022: 2971: 1850: 1793: 1619: 1475: 1244:

Prohibitions on opposition parties, but not independent candidates.

625: 186: 156: 99: 8445:

Morton H. Halperin, Joseph T. Siegle, & Michael M. Weinstein,

7434:

Ray, James Lee (2013). Elman, Colin; Miriam Fendius Elman (eds.).

7375:

After the Collapse of Communism: Comparative Lessons of Transition

6181:

Böhmelt, Tobias; Ruggeri, Andrea; Pilster, Ulrich (1 April 2017).

20461: 20244: 20125: 19773: 19686: 18574: 18542: 18532: 18303: 18263: 18096: 18021: 18006: 17986: 17794: 17654: 17595: 17543: 16613: 15482: 15447: 15427: 15257:

An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus

15227:

The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia

14796: 12797: 12444: 11872: 11498: 10580: 9940: 9875: 9795: 9468: 6983: 5726:"Coup-Proofing: Its Practice and Consequences in the Middle East" 3884:

Conceptualizing Politics: An Introduction to Political Philosophy

3722: 3429: 3425: 3405: 3362: 2858: 2808: 1866: 1452: 427: 264: 254: 9392:. International Institute for Counter-Terrorism. pp. 13–36. 5818:

Braithwaite, Jessica Maves; Sudduth, Jun Koga (1 January 2016).

5584:"Information Politics and Propaganda in Authoritarian Societies" 4055:

Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool of Global Governance

3308:

were an alliance of Democratic states and (later) the Communist

1711:

are far more durable than other kinds of authoritarian regimes.

1251: 20518: 20483: 20085: 19923: 18522: 18323: 18111: 18086: 18076: 18046: 18031: 17548: 17092: 16760: 16755: 16700: 16446: 16396: 15915: 15642: 15637: 15467: 15301: 12523: 12424: 12294: 11962: 10644: 10492: 10419: 10160: 9817: 9754: 9720: 9667: 9389:

The Far Right — Ideology, Modus Operandi and Development Trends

7645:

Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War

6183:"Counterbalancing, Spatial Dependence, and Peer Group Effects*" 4402:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 8, 12, 22, 25, 88, 117. 4115:

Juan J. Linz, "An Authoritarian Regime: The Case of Spain," in

3970:

Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War

3655: 3221: 3147: 2482: 1970: 1898: 591: 7492:"Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter" 6907:"After Chavez, Authoritarianism Still Threatens Latin America" 5861:"Personalization of Power and Mass Uprisings in Dictatorships" 5169:

Undue Process: Persecution and Punishment in Autocratic Courts

3476:, aiming to police and control dissent beyond state borders. 1590:

in 2012, Chinese state repression sharply increased, aided by

20060: 19879: 19809: 18552: 18041: 17976: 15945: 11535: 11062: 9760: 9284:"Opinion: China's Success Explains Authoritarianism's Allure" 8392:

Gerring, John; Gjerløw, Haakon; Knutsen, Carl Henrik (2022).

8250: 7046: 6673:"Autocratic Breakdown and Regime Transitions: A New Data Set" 5707:"Life in authoritarian states is mostly boring and tolerable" 4259:

Gehlbach, Scott; Sonin, Konstantin; Svolik, Milan W. (2016).

4214:"Autocratic Breakdown and Regime Transitions: A New Data Set" 3718: 3536: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 2001: 1636: 1575: 1238:

Large-scale spending by the state in favor of the incumbents.

1021:

Authoritarianism is characterized by highly concentrated and

15875:

National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise

6341: 4004:"Elections Without Democracy: Thinking About Hybrid Regimes" 3228:

per capita, size of the public sector or income inequality.

1419:

and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes (with

874:, the use of strong central power to preserve the political 18547: 17971: 11920:

Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit

10066: 8737:"Causes of Authoritarianism in the Former Soviet Republics" 6288: 5510: 3750:. Contemporary examples of totalitarian states include the 3638:

Far-right extremism has played a key role in promoting the

3540: 1404: 9909: 7490:

Daniel Lederman, Norman Loayza, & Rodrigo Res Soares,

7049:"Is the myth of left-wing authoritarianism itself a myth?" 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 3259: 3185:

writes that "a totalist ideology, a party reinforced by a

1792:

Research shows that the democratic nations have much less

1762:, in that illiberal democracies lack features such as the 1688:

John Duckitt suggests a link between authoritarianism and

18116: 18011: 11756:

German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia)

6659:

On Measuring Democracy: Its Consequences and Concomitants

3617:, ideology have long operated as a loose network. In the 1836:, as well as areas of contemporary Argentina and Mexico. 1529:

Subtypes of authoritarian regimes identified by Linz are

1212: 1102: 927:, defined authoritarianism as possessing four qualities: 9445:

Frantz; Erica; Geddes, Barbara; Wrights, Joseph (2018).

8985:"Democracy Report 2022 Autocratization Changing Nature?" 8342: 7513:"Poverty, Political Freedom, and the Roots of Terrorism" 4556:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 14. 3847:

A Functional Theory of Government, Law, and Institutions

1804:

and that parliamentary systems, political stability and

8208:"Putin's War in Ukraine Shatters an Illusion in Russia" 8009:(reprint ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. 7926:(1st American ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. 7901:(1st printing ed.). New York: Oxford Univ. Press. 7797:

Who Were the Fascists: Social Roots of European Fascism

7716:"Do the Republicans Even Believe in Democracy Anymore?" 7214:

Koesel, Karrie; Bunce, Valerie; Weiss, Jessica (2020).

6671:

Geddes, Barbara; Wright, Joseph; Frantz, Erica (2014).

6524:(Routledge, 2003), p. 71 (citing Linz 1964 and others). 5306:

Geddes, Barbara; Wright, Joseph; Frantz, Erica (2018).

5277:

Herre, Bastian; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban (15 March 2013).

4993: 4212:

Geddes, Barbara; Wright, Joseph; Frantz, Erica (2014).

4139:

Fragile Democracies: The Legacies of Authoritarian Rule

1873: 1714:

While the existence of left-wing authoritarianism as a

1174:

Eva Bellin argues that under certain circumstances the

12355:

National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement

11696:

Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists

8950: 7786:. "'s goals of radical and authoritarian nationalism". 6516: 6514: 5820:"Military purges and the recurrence of civil conflict" 5627: 5625: 5417:

Albertus, Michael; Fenner, Sofia; Slater, Dan (2018).

1064:, a bureaucracy staffed by the regime and creation of 16924:

Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

8661: 8659: 8391: 8308:

Sen, A. K. (1999). "Democracy as a Universal Value".

7470:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. 6180: 5487:

Weak Strongman: The Limits of Power in Putin's Russia

5077:

Bonvecchi, Alejandro; Simison, Emilia (1 July 2017).

4307: 3713:

are often regarded as the most infamous examples of "

3459:

Since 2005, observers noted what some have called a "

3448: 1411:

there a three main types of political regimes today:

1358:

Authoritarians may resort to measures referred to as

1226:

Control of the media by the authoritarian incumbents.

8343:

Franco, Á.; Álvarez-Dardet, C.; Ruiz, M. T. (2004).

5658:"Formal Models of Authoritarian Regimes: A Critique" 5416: 3551: – now looks battered and delusive." 3349:. Anti-authoritarianism also became associated with 1839: 1321:

of an authoritarian state and lead to its collapse.

9275: 8227:"The Myth of Authoritarian Growth | by Dani Rodrik" 8133:. New York, NY: Routledge. 2013. pp. 51, 391. 7107:"EIU Democracy Index 2020 – World Democracy Report" 6846:"The rise of China as a digital totalitarian state" 6511: 5622: 5053:"Economic Institutions, Democracy, and Development" 4258: 4127:(New York: Free Press, 1970), pp. 251–283, 374–381. 3650:" of racial conflict through violent means such as 1737:, 2022. Green countries are democratic, yellow are 1300: 9014:"The Republican Party Needs to Embrace Liberalism" 8695: 8693: 8691: 8689: 8656: 8031: 8002: 6670: 6152:"Will Turkey's coup attempt prompt others nearby?" 5969: 5817: 5394:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 2, 15, 23. 5305: 4520: 4211: 8794: 8792: 8345:"Effect of democracy on health: ecological study" 8147: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7467:Power kills: democracy as a method of nonviolence 6584: 6582: 6580: 5859:Chin, John; Song, Wonjun; Wright, Joseph (2022). 5276: 4815: 1865:Authoritarianism is considered a core concept of 1721: 20542: 15252:Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics 9348:Can It Happen Here?: Authoritarianism in America 9166:"Expert Warns of America's Coming 'Arab Winter'" 9005: 7213: 7174: 5581: 5310:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 137–140. 5076: 1584:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party 9306: 8857:"Freedom in the World 2018 Democracy in Crisis" 8686: 7980:(1st American ed.). New York: Allen Lane. 6813:Mozur, Paul; Krolik, Aaron (17 December 2019). 6717: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6383: 6381: 6150:Bell, Curtis; Powell, Jonathan (30 July 2016). 4551: 4184:systems. Throughout this book, I use the terms 3531:Writing in 2018, American political journalist 1860: 999:, or countries in which the government and the 11449:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands 9407:. New York, NY: Routledge. 2013. p. 391. 8789: 8581: 8098:(2). Washington, D.C.: Wilson Quarterly: 127. 7630: 7433: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6387: 6253: 5934: 5858: 5537: 5383: 5381: 4165:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–23. 3903: 3901: 1263: 19825: 17932: 17831: 17348: 11261:Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation 9925: 9901: 9495: 9106:"Middle East review of 2012: the Arab Winter" 9036: 8799:Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan (January 2015). 8735:Fairbanks, Charles H. Jr. (16 January 2014). 8474:The Oxford Handbook of Authoritarian Politics 7707: 7561:"Fighting Terrorism: The Democracy Advantage" 7362:Political Science: A Comparative Introduction 7220:. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 5012:Authoritarianism: What Everyone Needs to Know 4593:(Cambridge University Press, 2014), pp. 3–10. 4463:The Oxford Handbook of Authoritarian Politics 4389: 3345:and to fears arising from the development of 2933: 1692:, asserting that both stand in opposition to 1252:Interactions with other elites and the masses 844: 18438: 17073: 15307:Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World 11469:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark 11444:National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom) 9136:"Analysis: Arab Winter is coming to Baghdad" 8728: 8471: 8441: 8439: 7876:(English-language ed.). London: Verso. 7851:(reprint ed.). New York: Van Nostrand. 7648:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 5–7. 7460: 7138:"Authoritarian Politics: Trends and Debates" 6378: 5349: 4125:Mas Politics: Studies in Political Sociology 3819:U.S. policy toward authoritarian governments 968:, and suppression of anti-regime activities. 935:, which is achieved with constraints on the 18374: 16255:Battle Organization of Russian Nationalists 11255:Fédération d'action nationale et européenne 9077: 8977: 8798: 8527:Sign Wars: The Culture Jammers Strike Back! 8188: 8186: 8184: 7641: 7019: 6812: 6750: 6620: 6106: 5378: 5200: 5070: 3966: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3907: 3898: 3850:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 161–. 1700:and goals to group goals, expectations and 1241:Permitting of some parties, but not others. 1120:Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic 19832: 19818: 17939: 17925: 17838: 17824: 17355: 17341: 16740:Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust 16665:National Socialist German Students' League 16186:Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (girls) 15317:A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century 12215:Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party 11464:National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden) 10840:National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party 9932: 9918: 9502: 9488: 9396: 9098: 8607: 6939:, Vol. 23, Issue 3 (July 2013), pp. 18–32. 6718:Heinrich, Andreas; Pleines, Heiko (2018). 6478: 6476: 6474: 6419: 6149: 5655: 5123: 5121: 5057:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 4758: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4518: 4457:Geddes, Barbara (2024), Wolf, Anne (ed.), 4431:. Cambridge University Press. p. 25. 4369:. Cambridge University Press. p. 20. 4152: 3004:University of Colorado at Colorado Springs 2940: 2926: 1808:are all associated with lower corruption. 851: 837: 20293:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder 16181:Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (boys) 12365:National Socialist Patriotic Organisation 11910:United Hungarian National Socialist Party 11751:German National Movement in Liechtenstein 11167:British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women 9449:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8956: 8933: 8915: 8734: 8699: 8436: 8419: 8368: 8276: 8205: 8065:(1st ed.). New York: Knopf Imprint. 7896: 7698: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7155: 7082: 7064: 6777: 6735: 6310: 6072: 5876: 5835: 5723: 5673: 5582:Rosenfeld, Bryn; Wallace, Jeremy (2024). 5558: 5420:Coercive Distribution by Michael Albertus 5165: 5102: 5015:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 4552:Norris, Pippa; Inglehart, Ronald (2018). 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4276: 4261:"Formal Models of Nondemocratic Politics" 3931: 3908:Ezrow, Natasha M.; Frantz, Erica (2011). 3877: 3875: 1665:bossism (autocratic party dictatorships); 1662:machine (oligarchic party dictatorships); 1229:Interference with opposition campaigning. 916:" or "competitive authoritarian" states. 68:List of countries by system of government 17946: 17362: 15724:Scipio Africanus: The Defeat of Hannibal 12567:Canadian Association for Free Expression 12082:Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista 11147:Breton Social-National Workers' Movement 9250: 8849: 8780: 8181: 7642:Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan A. (2010). 6397:. Lynne Rienner Publisher. p. 143. 5907: 5704: 5238: 5044: 4956: 4909: 4418: 4356: 4048: 3967:Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan A. (2010). 3920: 3164: 2951: 1741:, and red are authoritarian governments. 1725: 1671:(oligarchic military dictatorships); and 1601: 1483: 1456:and forcible suppression of opposition". 19522:Reflections on the Revolution in France 17845: 9433:Cleavages, Ideologies and Party Systems 9381: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9042: 8765: 8665: 8517: 8085: 8000: 7973: 7921: 7713: 7349:Human Rights in International Relations 7287: 6948: 6482: 6471: 5128:Golosov, Grigorii V. (1 January 2013). 5127: 5118: 4660: 4628:Michael Albertus & Victor Menaldo, 4602:Michael Albertus & Victor Menaldo, 4506:Ethiopia: A Post-Cold War African State 4057:. Cambridge University Press: 112–150. 4001: 3881: 3837: 3746:index and do not reach a high score at 3428:and elsewhere. Regimes were toppled in 3260:Post-World War II anti-authoritarianism 14: 20543: 16407:Hungarian National Defence Association 15277:Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals 12719:Christian Party (United States, 1930s) 12440:Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine 12415:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 12270:Front of National Revolutionary Action 12205:Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights 11861:National Socialist Working Association 11439:National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962) 11424:National Socialist Dutch Workers Party 11022:Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana 9343: 9315:"Why is authoritarianism on the rise?" 9202:from the original on 25 September 2018 8957:Leonhardt, David (17 September 2022). 8897:from the original on 15 September 2020 8716:from the original on 22 September 2018 8530:. LedaTape Organisation. p. 108. 8224: 8058: 7871: 7609: 7547: 7510: 7135: 6874: 6661:(ed. Alex Inketes), 2006, pp. 110–111. 6425: 6394:Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes 6235:from the original on 22 September 2017 6190:Political Science Research and Methods 6015: 5774: 5387: 5352:"Authoritarian multiparty governments" 5345: 5343: 5008: 4866: 4707: 4630:Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes 4617:Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes 4604:Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes 4591:Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes 4578:Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes 4527:. 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Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 10. 7591:from the original on 24 March 2020 6856:from the original on 28 March 2020 6097: 5588:Annual Review of Political Science 5445:from the original on 25 April 2020 5391:The Politics of Authoritarian Rule 5296: 5239:Magaloni, Beatriz (21 June 2010). 5009:Frantz, Erica (4 September 2018). 4428:The Politics of Authoritarian Rule 4399:The Politics of Authoritarian Rule 4366:The Politics of Authoritarian Rule 4265:Annual Review of Political Science 4162:The Politics of Authoritarian Rule 3717:" systems. Some countries such as 3644:White genocide conspiracy theories 3449:21st-century authoritarian revival 1897: 1849:that emerged during and after the 1571:states in the mid-1980s. The post- 1116:Soviet Russia Constitution of 1918 1016: 870:characterized by the rejection of 25: 20582: 16111:Korean National Youth Association 15832: 15297:The Myth of the Twentieth Century 12689:Nationalist Front (United States) 12649:National Alliance (United States) 12420:The Other Russia of E. V. 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Helsinki: Academic Bookstore. 8785:. Council on Foreign Relations. 8394:"Regimes and industrialization" 7559:Magen, Amichai (January 2018). 7360:Rod Hague & Martin Harrop, 7328: 7281: 7246: 7207: 7168: 7129: 7099: 7013: 6977: 6942: 6916: 6899: 6868: 6837: 6806: 6771: 6744: 6711: 6664: 6595: 6560:"Totalitarianism and autocracy" 6527: 6446: 6335: 6282: 6247: 6174: 6143: 6052: 6009: 5963: 5928: 5901: 5852: 5811: 5768: 5717: 5698: 5649: 5575: 5531: 5514:The Logic of Political Survival 5504: 5477: 5410: 5159: 5050: 4950: 4903: 4860: 4809: 4795: 4752: 4701: 4635: 4622: 4609: 4596: 4583: 4570: 4545: 4512: 4301: 4252: 4205: 4130: 3562:" in the region was dubbed the 1783:militarized interstate disputes 1196: 1118:, the first charter of the new 923:, in an influential 1964 work, 20276:Authoritarian leadership style 19839: 19759:Separation of church and state 19657:Collectivism and individualism 19612:The Origins of Totalitarianism 17177:of Poles during the Partitions 16650:Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista 16332:Fasci di Azione Rivoluzionaria 16064:Gioventù Italiana del Littorio 15971:National Popular Consciousness 12587:Parti national social chrétien 12290:Greek National Socialist Party 12060:National Fascist Party (Italy) 12035:Falange Española Independiente 11988:Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria 11786:Liechtenstein Homeland Service 11474:National Socialists of Finland 11098:Northern / Northwestern Europe 10835:National Socialism Association 8412:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105791 8225:Rodrik, Dani (9 August 2010). 8157:Crisis on the Korean Peninsula 8034:The mass psychology of fascism 7616:. Cambridge University Press. 7259:. Cambridge University Press. 7026:. Princeton University Press. 6426:Michie, Jonathan, ed. (2014). 5937:Journal of Conflict Resolution 5777:Journal of Conflict Resolution 5490:. Princeton University Press. 5201:Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. (1984). 5172:. Cambridge University Press. 4963:. Cambridge University Press. 4686:. Cambridge University Press. 4671:Tushnet, Mark (January 2015). 4109: 4087: 4042: 3995: 3960: 3625:, which has inspired numerous 1722:Authoritarianism and democracy 1503:coalition of military officers 925:An Authoritarian Regime: Spain 529:Intergovernmental organisation 484:Separation of church and state 13: 1: 20181:Social construction of gender 19799:Category:Political philosophy 19672:Critique of political economy 16766:Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria 16507:Russian National Unity (2000) 16290:Combat Terrorist Organization 16171:Patriotic/Eureka Youth League 15262:Kokutairon and Pure Socialism 12861:Progressive Nationalist Party 12679:National States' Rights Party 11978:Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria 11266:Finnish People's Organisation 11192:British People's Party (2005) 11187:British People's Party (1939) 11177:British National Party (1960) 10669: 9313:Cowen, Tyler (4 April 2017). 9282:Cowen, Tyler (3 April 2017). 9222:"Arab Spring or Arab Winter?" 9078:Yun Ru Phua (31 March 2015). 9012:Frum, David (November 2018). 8916:Tsourapas, Gerasimos (2020). 8253:"Democracy Does Cause Growth" 8160:. 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The nations with the least 1398: 1278:According to a 2019 study by 20176:Rally 'round the flag effect 19697:Institutional discrimination 19692:History of political thought 18424:Negative and positive rights 16986:Fascist movements by country 16567:Ukrainian People's Militsiya 16310:Croatian National Resistance 16176:Union of Fascist Little Ones 16106:Juventudes de Acción Popular 16101:Jeunesse Populaire Française 16034:Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha 16001:Russian Fascist Organization 15593:Revue d'histoire du fascisme 13036:Tacuara Nationalist Movement 13011:Popular Representation Party 12976:National Liberation Movement 12929:Brazilian Integralist Action 12909:Argentine Nationalist Action 12594:Fascism in the United States 12315:Lithuanian Nationalist Union 12225:Croatian National Resistance 12220:Croatian Liberation Movement 12122:National Union (Italy, 1923) 12117:National Front (Spain, 2006) 12112:National Front (Spain, 1986) 12025:Falange Española de las JONS 11831:National Union (Switzerland) 11821:National Radical Camp (1993) 11806:National Front (Switzerland) 11484:National Union (Netherlands) 11321:International Third Position 11296:General Dutch Fascist League 11239:English National Association 10945:Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha 10687:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging 10268: 9977:Aestheticization of politics 9871:Social dominance orientation 8922:International Studies Review 8460:Council on Foreign Relations 8257:Journal of Political Economy 7774:Turner, Henry Ashby (1975). 7511:Abadie, Alberto (May 2006). 6535:"Definition of totalitarian" 5914:. Cornell University Press. 5724:Quinlivan, James T. (1999). 4696:10.1017/CBO9781107252523.004 4063:10.1017/CBO9781316161555.006 2758:Popular Representation Party 2719:Brazilian Integralist Action 1861:Authoritarianism and fascism 1547:South Africa under apartheid 1235:Violence against opposition. 326:(socio-political ideologies) 7: 20379:Asch conformity experiments 20096:Identification (psychology) 19707:Justification for the state 19492:Two Treatises of Government 16722: 16427:Jewish Defense Organization 16300:Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar 16295:Confederation of the Nation 15976:People's Party Our Slovakia 15694:The Daughter of the Samurai 15403:Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 15232:The Fourth Political Theory 15207:Did Six Million Really Die? 12934:Brazilian Integralist Front 12846:National Action (Australia) 12783:Nationalist Front of Mexico 12731:Traditionalist Worker Party 12674:National Socialist Movement 12659:Nationalist Social Club-131 12182:Unidad Falangista Montañesa 12040:Falangist Movement of Spain 11836:Nationalist Front (Germany) 11590:Patriotic People's Movement 11017:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 10825:Liberal Party (South Korea) 9939: 9886:List of totalitarian states 9866:Right-wing authoritarianism 8634:"The challenge of the past" 8559:"Retired Site PBS Programs" 8476:. Oxford University Press. 7443:. MIT Press. Archived from 7111:Economist Intelligence Unit 6999:10.1177/0022022103034003005 5541:; Treisman, Daniel (2019). 4465:, Oxford University Press, 3761: 3673: 3482:democracy/authoritarianism 3318:Federal Republic of Germany 3314:Federal Republic of Germany 3114:, they differ in three key 2966:is a label used by various 2724:Brazilian Integralist Front 1735:Economist Intelligence Unit 1460: 1349: 1292:manipulation of information 1264:Manipulation of information 394:(socio-economic ideologies) 64:List of forms of government 10: 20587: 20394:Stanford prison experiment 20136:Normative social influence 18377:Bellum omnium contra omnes 17162:F-scale (personality test) 17054:Authoritarian conservatism 16547:Sudetendeutsches Freikorps 13057: 13016:Popular Socialist Vanguard 12941:Falangism in Latin America 12919:Bolivian Socialist Falange 12914:Argentine Patriotic League 12851:National Socialist Network 12654:National Renaissance Party 12572:Canadian Union of Fascists 12390:National Renaissance Front 12370:National Socialist Society 12345:National Fascist Community 12142:Republican Social Movement 12107:National Democracy (Spain) 12102:National Democracy (Italy) 12020:Falange Española Auténtica 11826:National Revival of Poland 11741:Free German Workers' Party 11629:Scottish Protestant League 11555:Order of Flemish Militants 11514:Nordic Resistance Movement 11379:National Alliance (Sweden) 11354:Mouvement d'Action Civique 10905:Rastriya Prajatantra Party 10845:Nationalist Movement Party 9952: 9861:Left-wing authoritarianism 9696:Authoritarian conservatism 7947:Payne, Stanley G. (1995). 7778:. New Viewpoints. p. 162. 7610:Gibson, Edward L. (2013). 7529:10.1257/000282806777211847 7066:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041391 6018:International Interactions 5972:International Interactions 5908:Talmadge, Caitlin (2015). 5633:"Authoritarian Resilience" 5095:10.5129/001041517821273099 4957:Albertus, Michael (2021). 4910:Magaloni, Beatriz (2006). 3779:Authoritarian conservatism 3728: 3583:People's Republic of China 3452: 3263: 2122:Traditionalist Catholicism 1988:Doctrine of the two swords 1811:A 2006 study by economist 1610:and Venezuela's President 1576:People's Republic of China 1267: 1149: 1122:(RSFSR), was described by 29: 20402: 20371: 20343:Normalization of deviance 20305: 20271:Authoritarian personality 20263: 20023: 19980: 19854: 19847: 19794: 19644: 19413: 19061: 18794: 18674: 18593: 18505: 18496: 18362: 18196: 18125: 17954: 17851: 17663: 17457: 17370: 17305: 17049: 17038: 16966: 16960: 16955: 16901: 16835: 16779: 16748: 16732: 16728: 16717: 16683: 16637: 16502:Russian Imperial Movement 16492:Ostmärkische Sturmscharen 16472:National Republican Guard 16211: 16166:Österreichisches Jungvolk 16131:National League of Sweden 16009: 15966:National Policy Institute 15888: 15842: 15838: 15827: 15778: 15757: 15671: 15345: 15337:Who Are the Mind Benders? 15312:Protestantische Rompilger 15179: 15175: 15169: 15164: 14815: 14584: 14503: 14432: 14361: 14255: 14189: 14123: 13892: 13806: 13770: 13714: 13673: 13402: 13296: 13235: 13179: 13108: 13067: 13063: 13052: 12996:Patriot Front (Argentina) 12884: 12826:Australian Defence League 12796: 12778:National Synarchist Union 12773:National Pro Patria Party 12664:National Socialist Legion 12542: 12455:Russian Imperial Movement 12350:National Fascist Movement 12195: 12152:Sammarinese Fascist Party 12097:National Alliance July 18 12092:National Alliance (Spain) 11933: 11686: 11489:National Union (Portugal) 11434:National Socialist League 11399:National League of Sweden 11331:Lalli Alliance of Finland 11244:European Liberation Front 11197:British Union of Fascists 11132:Black Front (Netherlands) 11096: 10715: 10679: 10675: 10664: 10598:Syrian Social Nationalism 10274: 10263: 10219: 9962: 9958: 9947: 9907: 9902:Links to related articles 9838: 9688: 9555:Counterintelligence state 9525: 9168:. CBN. 8 September 2014. 8608:McLaughlin, Paul (2007). 8462:/Psychology Press, 2005). 8361:10.1136/bmj.329.7480.1421 7897:Fritzsche, Peter (1990). 7801:Columbia University Press 7409:10.1017/S0003055401000119 7306:10.1017/S0003055421001386 6765:10.1080/10670569808724310 6689:10.1017/S1537592714000851 6497:10.1017/S0022216X00015868 6432:. Routledge. p. 95. 6256:Journal of Peace Research 5878:10.1017/S0007123422000114 5675:10.1017/S1537592722002067 5656:Przeworski, Adam (2023). 5543:"Informational Autocrats" 5388:Svolik, Milan W. (2012). 5146:10.1163/15691330-12341274 4881:10.1017/S0043887100002598 4519:Przeworski, Adam (1991). 4509:. Greenwood, 1999, p. 17. 4425:Svolik, Milan W. (2012). 4396:Svolik, Milan W. (2012). 4363:Svolik, Milan W. (2012). 4326:10.1007/s11127-009-9491-2 4230:10.1017/S1537592714000851 4159:Svolik, Milan W. (2012). 4119:and Yrjö Littunen, eds., 3886:. Routledge. p. 17. 3577:, and the success of the 3522: 3274:(ending in 1945) and the 2753:Palmarian Catholic Church 1380:Journal of Peace Research 1355:soldiers and the masses. 1068:through various means of 515:(geo-cultural ideologies) 32:Authoritarian personality 20353:Preference falsification 19582:The Revolt of the Masses 17231:Red–green–brown alliance 16812:Italian economic battles 16562:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 16432:Kataeb Regulatory Forces 16230:Albanian Fascist Militia 16079:Faith and Beauty Society 15961:National Party of Europe 15921:European Social Movement 15860:Grand Council of Fascism 15734:The Siege of the Alcazar 13006:Popular Freedom Alliance 12816:Australia First Movement 12763:Mexican Democratic Party 12714:Silver Legion of America 12395:National Salvation Front 12385:National Romanian Fascio 12375:National Social Movement 12340:National Christian Party 12330:National Bolshevik Party 12325:National Bolshevik Front 12265:For the Native Language! 12230:Croatian Party of Rights 12070:Republican Fascist Party 11968:Democratic Fascist Party 11801:National Front (Hungary) 11766:Hungarian National Front 11524:Norwegian Defence League 11429:National Socialist Front 11384:National Corporate Party 11301:Greater Britain Movement 11286:French Nationalist Party 11152:British Democratic Party 11106:Academic Karelia Society 10935:Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal 10707:Young Egypt Party (1933) 10047:Economic interventionism 9856:Inverted totalitarianism 9728:Authoritarian capitalism 9049:New York Review of Books 9045:"How to Understand ISIS" 8706:New York Review of Books 8001:Laqueur, Walter (1996). 7977:Fascism : a history 7872:Laclau, Ernesto (1977). 7517:American Economic Review 7265:10.1017/cbo9781316771785 6677:Perspectives on Politics 6303:10.1177/0738894219836285 6268:10.1177/0022343318763713 6121:10.1177/0010414016655538 5949:10.1177/0022002716684627 5837:10.1177/2053168016630730 5789:10.1177/0022002712445732 5662:Perspectives on Politics 5646:, 14.1 (2003), pp. 6–17. 4922:10.1017/CBO9780511510274 4218:Perspectives on Politics 3979:10.1017/cbo9780511781353 3774:Authoritarian capitalism 3474:transnational repression 3212:, Pascual Restrepo, and 2659:Pascendi Dominici Gregis 2613:El liberalismo es pecado 2599:De regno, ad regem Cypri 2090:Political traditionalism 1941:Catholic social teaching 1754:, is distinguished from 919:The political scientist 20015:Tyranny of the majority 19562:The Communist Manifesto 18488:Tyranny of the majority 18399:Consent of the governed 17137:Conservative Revolution 16981:British fascist parties 16822:28 May 1926 coup d'état 16522:Serbian Volunteer Corps 16305:Croatian Defence Forces 16161:Opera Nazionale Balilla 16151:National Youth Alliance 16141:National Youth (Sweden) 16069:Great Japan Youth Party 15704:Europa: The Last Battle 15393:La Conquista del Estado 15332:A Warning to the Hindus 15212:The Doctrine of Fascism 15197:The Culture of Critique 15192:La Conquista del Estado 12904:Argentine Fascist Party 12360:National Party – Greeks 12320:National Agrarian Party 12077:Italian Social Movement 12065:Italian Social Republic 11736:Eidgenössische Sammlung 11550:Official National Front 11419:National Socialist Bloc 11316:Imperial Fascist League 11224:Clerical People's Party 11088:Wang Jingwei Kuomintang 10987:Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh 10962:Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh 10915:Religious Zionist Party 10810:Korea Nationalist Party 9740:Authoritarian socialism 8741:Heinrich Boell Stiftung 8610:Anarchism and Authority 8120:Retrieved April 8, 2022 8088:"Remembering Mussolini" 8059:Paxton, Robert (2004). 8030:Reich, Wilhelm (2000). 7974:Eatwell, Roger (1996). 7922:Griffin, Roger (1991). 7776:Reappraisals of Fascism 7687:Politics and Governance 7143:Politics and Governance 7053:Frontiers in Psychology 6724:Politics and Governance 6603:"Definition of fascism" 6344:The Journal of Politics 6005:(subscription required) 5830:(1): 2053168016630730. 5824:Research & Politics 5742:10.1162/016228899560202 4049:Gunitsky, Seva (2015). 4002:Diamond, Larry (2002). 3882:Cerutti, Furio (2017). 3814:Right-wing dictatorship 3784:Authoritarian socialism 3748:V-Dem Democracy Indices 3613:, and adherents of the 3480:International trends in 3292:. All the Axis powers ( 2729:Catholic and Royal Army 2624:Famuli vestrae pietatis 1716:psychological construct 1606:Azerbaijan's President 1326:Chinese Communist Party 1215:and dodging criticism. 1056:also attempt to stifle 778:Administrative division 722:International relations 20318:Communal reinforcement 20071:False consensus effect 18439: 18389:Clash of civilizations 18375: 17074: 16843:March of the Iron Will 16146:National Youth (Italy) 16094:League of German Girls 16049:Fascist Union of Youth 16044:Ethiopian Lictor Youth 15936:Friends of New Germany 15786:Art of the Third Reich 15663:Wochenspruch der NSDAP 12966:National Fascist Union 12951:Iron Guard (Argentina) 12746:White Aryan Resistance 12529:Yugoslav Radical Union 12465:Russian National Unity 12235:Crusade of Romanianism 12162:Struggle of the People 12157:Spanish Military Union 12127:National Union (Spain) 11948:Albanian Fascist Party 11915:Volksdeutsche Bewegung 11673:White Aryan Resistance 11575:Party of Finnish Labor 11509:The Nordic Realm Party 11409:National Popular Rally 11341:League of Saint George 11276:Flemish National Union 11234:English Defence League 11182:British National Party 11119:Autonome Nationalisten 11039:Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram 10997:Muslim Rashtriya Manch 10940:Bharatiya Janata Party 10850:Nationalist Task Party 10471:Revisionist Maximalism 10176:Social interventionism 9472:Quotations related to 9447:How Dictatorships Work 9319:marginalrevolution.com 9142:. The Jerusalem Post. 8591:"The Way of the Hippy" 8062:The Anatomy of Fascism 7826:The Anatomy of Fascism 7700:10.17645/pag.v6i2.1400 7681:Mufti, Mariam (2018). 7288:Lueders, Hans (2022). 7157:10.17645/pag.v6i2.1498 7136:Frantz, Erica (2018). 6737:10.17645/pag.v6i2.1238 6061:Oxford Economic Papers 5730:International Security 5484:Frye, Timothy (2021). 5308:How Dictatorships Work 4643:"Constitution of 1918" 3844:Kalu, Kalu N. (2019). 3804:Left-wing dictatorship 3794:Criticism of democracy 3699:democratic backsliding 3636: 3599:United States politics 3455:Democratic backsliding 3400:In December 2010, the 3357:movements such as the 3284:saw the defeat of the 3183:Carl Joachim Friedrich 3173: 3163: 2960: 2681:O que é o Integralismo 2096:Res publica Christiana 1902: 1742: 1615: 1497: 1023:centralized government 966:political mobilization 20422:Anti-social behaviour 20417:Anti-authoritarianism 20156:Pluralistic ignorance 20003:National conservatism 19998:Left-wing nationalism 19981:Governmental pressure 18404:Divine right of kings 17293:Women in Nazi Germany 17120:Identitarian movement 16609:Weerbaarheidsafdeling 16552:Terror Against Terror 16422:Jewish Defense League 16382:Greenshirts (Romania) 16024:Albanian Lictor Youth 15729:Der Sieg des Glaubens 15653:Völkischer Beobachter 15548:Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift 15538:Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift 15413:La Difesa della Razza 12946:Female Peronist Party 12924:Brazilian Integralism 12876:United Patriots Front 12821:Australia First Party 12811:Antipodean Resistance 12768:Mexican Fascist Party 12485:Slovak People's Party 12480:Serbian Radical Party 12460:Russian Fascist Party 12380:National Radical Camp 12280:German People's Party 12240:Ethnic National Union 11973:European Nation State 11895:Socialist Reich Party 11878:Positive Christianity 11816:National Radical Camp 11746:German Faith Movement 11731:Deutsche Reichspartei 11716:Black Front (Germany) 11585:Patriotic Alternative 11479:National Syndicalists 11112:Ailtirí na hAiséirghe 11044:Vishva Hindu Parishad 11012:Rashtriya Sikh Sangat 11007:Rashtra Sevika Samiti 10967:Bharat Vikas Parishad 10957:Bharatiya Kisan Sangh 10890:Progress Party (Iran) 10785:Jewish National Front 10760:Concordia Association 10166:Reactionary modernism 9604:Dominant-party system 9455:10.1017/9781316336182 8820:10.1353/jod.2015.0007 8322:10.1353/jod.1999.0055 7953:. London: UCL Press. 7924:The nature of fascism 7847:Weber, Eugen (1964). 7753:Nolte, Ernst (1965). 7577:10.1353/jod.2018.0009 7334:Thomas H. Henriksen, 6653:Mark J. Gasiorowski, 6522:Studying Human Rights 5429:10.1017/9781108644334 5316:10.1017/9781316336182 5178:10.1017/9781009197151 5134:Comparative Sociology 4969:10.1017/9781108891950 4198:authoritarian leaders 4020:10.1353/jod.2002.0025 3631: 3375:With the fall of the 3266:Anti-authoritarianism 3233:Seymour Martin Lipset 3168: 3120: 3041:Leader as individual 2955: 2879:Person Dignity Theory 2102:Sun and Moon allegory 2008:Divine right of kings 1901: 1772:independent judiciary 1760:substantive democracy 1729: 1605: 1487: 788:Democratic transition 651:Self-governing colony 248:Military dictatorship 20384:Breaching experiment 20171:Operant conditioning 20116:Mere exposure effect 19552:Democracy in America 18931:political philosophy 18914:political philosophy 18729:political philosophy 18558:political philosophy 18468:Separation of powers 18429:Night-watchman state 18414:Monopoly on violence 17948:Political philosophy 17364:Political ideologies 16883:4th of August Regime 16660:German Student Union 16280:Blueshirts (Ireland) 16126:Nationale Jeugdstorm 16054:Frente de Juventudes 15941:German American Bund 15865:Imperial Way Faction 15791:Fascist architecture 15503:Münchener Beobachter 15438:La France au travail 15237:Hitlers Zweites Buch 12894:Agrarian Labor Party 12788:Order of Nine Angles 12624:Goyim Defense League 12619:German American Bund 12410:Order of Nine Angles 11943:ADÑ–Spanish Identity 11900:Sudeten German Party 11721:Bund Deutscher Osten 11560:Order of Nine Angles 11374:National Action (UK) 11306:Groupe Collaboration 11291:French Popular Party 11002:Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas 10992:Jammu Praja Parishad 10952:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 10880:Palestine Arab Party 10860:Nation Party of Iran 10750:Black Dragon Society 10442:Reform bureaucratism 10237:Fascism and ideology 10104:National syndicalism 9987:Anti-intellectualism 9198:. 28 December 2011. 9112:. 31 December 2012. 9082:. Bpr.berkeley.edu. 8808:Journal of Democracy 8310:Journal of Democracy 8092:The Wilson Quarterly 7565:Journal of Democracy 7253:Truex, Rory (2016). 6951:Political Psychology 6936:Journal of Democracy 6202:10.1017/psrm.2015.55 5644:Journal of Democracy 5560:10.1257/jep.33.4.100 5083:Comparative Politics 4830:10.1353/wp.1997.0004 4773:10.1353/wp.2003.0019 4190:authoritarian regime 4008:Journal of Democracy 3752:Syrian Arab Republic 3743:Freedom in the World 3685:Freedom in the World 3461:democratic recession 3322:separation of powers 3237:economic development 2968:political scientists 2674:Mes idées politiques 2117:Traditional monarchy 2070:National syndicalism 2065:National Catholicism 2045:Integral nationalism 2018:Ecclesiastical court 1806:freedom of the press 1776:separation of powers 1752:procedural democracy 1417:totalitarian regimes 1370:coordination efforts 1270:Political censorship 1187:land reform programs 1072:and indoctrination. 1027:political repression 1025:power maintained by 951:Political legitimacy 886:separation of powers 880:, and reductions in 18:Authoritarian regime 20264:Individual pressure 20141:Passing (sociology) 20076:Fear of missing out 20041:Closure (sociology) 19955:Enemy of the people 19742:Right-wing politics 19622:A Theory of Justice 19592:The Road to Serfdom 19512:The Social Contract 18219:Christian democracy 17846:Forms of government 17482:Christian democracy 17322:Politics portal 16888:Anti-Comintern Pact 16275:Blueshirts (Canada) 16235:Atomwaffen Division 16121:Mocidade Portuguesa 15986:Republic (Slovakia) 15981:Popular Force Party 15926:Finnish Realm Union 15749:Triumph of the Will 15739:Lo squadrone bianco 15488:Kansallissosialisti 15373:The American Review 13031:Revolutionary Union 12709:Rise Above Movement 12644:League of the South 12604:American Nazi Party 12510:Ustaše in Australia 12045:Freethinkers' Party 11890:The Right (Germany) 11761:German Social Union 11580:Party of the Swedes 11394:National Front (UK) 11361:Mouvement Franciste 11229:Dutch Fascist Union 11083:Turkish Union Party 10977:Hindu Makkal Katchi 10855:National Will Party 10618:National Bolshevism 10574:Romanianism/Stelism 10027:Cult of personality 10012:Class collaboration 9791:Ecoauthoritarianism 9609:Illiberal democracy 9403:"Totalitarianism". 8935:10.1093/isr/viaa061 8670:. Washington Post. 8640:. 22 October 1998. 8524:Cox, David (2005). 8355:(7480): 1421–1423. 7347:David P. Forsythe, 7189:The Washington Post 7181:Weiss, Jessica Chen 7175:Koesel, Karrie J.; 6210:20.500.11850/130560 4503:Theodore M. Vesta, 3605:groups such as the 3496:more authoritarian 3483: 3408:, and spreading to 3038:Leader as function 2914:Politics portal 2833:Clerico-nationalism 2024:Error has no rights 1748:illiberal democracy 1507:Mark J. Gasiorowski 997:freedom of religion 933:political pluralism 872:political plurality 827:Politics portal 712:Supranational union 621:Dependent territory 534:National government 20566:Political theories 20432:Civil disobedience 20389:Milgram experiment 20328:Creeping normality 20230:Social integration 20166:Psychosocial issue 20106:Invented tradition 19960:Enemy of the state 19754:Political violence 19749:Political theology 19732:Left-wing politics 19727:Political spectrum 17397:Political spectrum 17110:Alt-right pipeline 17021:Speeches by Hitler 16976:Books about Hitler 16863:Austrian Civil War 16807:Aventine Secession 16084:Deutsches Jungvolk 15991:Resistance Records 15896:Adelaide Institute 15598:Das Schwarze Korps 15583:Il Popolo d'Italia 15523:Neue Anthropologie 15408:Das Deutsche Mädel 15327:The Turner Diaries 15247:Impeachment of Man 15222:For My Legionaries 15073:Riva-Agüero y Osma 13935:Torrente Ballester 12445:Ratniks (Bulgaria) 12430:Patriotic Alliance 11646:Third Way (France) 11608:Phalange Française 11137:Blood & Honour 10910:Reform bureaucrats 10895:Philippine Falange 10613:National-anarchism 10324:Christian Identity 10151:Proletarian nation 8963:The New York Times 8510:2018-10-05 at the 8505:The Federal Police 8453:2015-10-07 at the 8212:The New York Times 8154:Bluth, C. (2011). 7497:2021-01-19 at the 6929:2018-11-25 at the 6792:10.1007/BF02877033 6083:10.1093/oep/gpt024 5638:2018-10-05 at the 5631:Andrew J. Nathan, 4916:. Cambridge Core. 4684:Cornell Law Review 4678:2020-01-17 at the 4145:2020-01-09 at the 4101:2020-01-09 at the 3697:due to periods of 3615:Christian Identity 3611:neo-Nazi skinheads 3494:countries becoming 3489:countries becoming 3479: 3361:in the 1950s, the 3241:Morton H. Halperin 3174: 2961: 2210:Barbey d'Aurevilly 2040:Integral Education 1961:Counter-revolution 1903: 1766:, protections for 1743: 1709:social revolutions 1641:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1616: 1614:on 25 October 2019 1562:Russian Federation 1498: 1492:in Army Parade at 1472:patron-client ties 1136:arbitrarily arrest 985:indirect elections 20561:Political culture 20538: 20537: 20532: 20531: 20412:Alternative media 20301: 20300: 20240:Spiral of silence 20111:Memory conformity 20051:Consensus reality 19944:Persona non grata 19865:Damnatio memoriae 19807: 19806: 19717:Philosophy of law 19662:Conflict theories 19502:The Spirit of Law 19409: 19408: 18458:Original position 17914: 17913: 17813: 17812: 17512:Constitutionalism 17375:The Establishment 17330: 17329: 17301: 17300: 17288:Völkisch movement 17246:Scientific racism 17211:Para/semi-fascism 17152:Fascist mysticism 17147:Fascist (epithet) 17034: 17033: 16951: 16950: 16947: 16946: 16893:Spanish Civil War 16713: 16712: 16709: 16708: 16619:Westland New Post 16029:Arab Lictor Youth 15823: 15822: 15819: 15818: 15811:Nazism and cinema 15806:Nazi architecture 15473:Hrvatski Domobran 15458:Gioventù Fascista 15418:Eleftheros Kosmos 15398:The Daily Stormer 15272:Manifesto of Race 15217:Fascist Manifesto 15160: 15159: 15156: 15155: 14404:Giménez Caballero 13635:Strasser (Gregor) 13080:Campbell (Graeme) 13048: 13047: 13044: 13043: 13021:Republican League 12991:New Triumph Party 12866:Reclaim Australia 12684:National Vanguard 12639:LaRouche movement 12552:Fascism in Canada 12405:Occupy Pedophilia 12147:The Right (Italy) 12137:New Force (Spain) 12132:New Force (Italy) 12010:Falange Auténtica 12005:La Falange (1999) 11958:Brothers of Italy 11883:German Christians 11701:Arrow Cross Party 11544:L'Œuvre Française 11404:Nationalist Party 11389:National Fascisti 10875:Pan-Iranist Party 10865:New Life Movement 10660: 10659: 10608:Third Positionism 10374:L'Œuvre Française 10292:Orthodox Peronism 10259: 10258: 10255: 10254: 10242:Fascism worldwide 10057:Heroic capitalism 9894: 9893: 9846:Democracy indices 9533:Absolute monarchy 9414:978-1-57958-268-5 9192:"The Arab Winter" 8837:on 28 August 2018 8619:978-0-7546-6196-2 8595:www.hipplanet.com 8537:978-0-9807701-5-5 8491:978-0-19-887199-6 8399:World Development 8231:Project Syndicate 8214:. New York Times. 8167:978-1-57488-887-4 8140:978-1-57958-268-5 8072:978-1-4000-4094-0 8045:978-0-374-50884-5 8016:978-0-19-511793-6 7987:978-0-7139-9147-5 7960:978-0-299-14874-4 7933:978-0-312-07132-5 7908:978-0-19-505780-5 7883:978-1-84467-788-7 7858:978-0-89874-444-6 7835:978-1-4000-4094-0 7809:978-82-00-05331-6 7784:978-0-531-05579-3 7763:978-0-03-052240-6 7655:978-1-139-49148-8 7623:978-0-521-19223-1 7477:978-1-56000-297-0 7274:978-1-107-17243-2 7227:978-0-19-009349-5 7033:978-0-691-16952-1 6439:978-1-135-93226-8 6404:978-1-55587-890-0 5921:978-1-5017-0175-7 5524:978-0-262-52440-7 5497:978-0-691-21698-0 5438:978-1-108-64433-4 5325:978-1-316-33618-2 5283:Our World in Data 5187:978-1-009-19713-7 5030:978-0-19-088019-4 4978:978-1-108-83523-7 4931:978-0-511-51027-4 4563:978-1-108-42607-7 4538:978-0-521-42335-9 4480:978-0-19-887199-6 4136:Gretchen Casper, 4093:Richard Shorten, 4072:978-1-107-09813-8 3988:978-0-521-88252-1 3857:978-1-4985-8703-7 3809:Managed democracy 3769:Absolute monarchy 3664:societal collapse 3660:terrorist attacks 3640:Great Replacement 3627:terrorist attacks 3603:white supremacist 3594:fringe opinions. 3591:disintermediation 3579:Beijing Consensus 3560:Islamic extremism 3555:Michael Ignatieff 3539:and an expanding 3529: 3528: 3525: 3440:and partially in 3365:in the 1960s and 3247:Historical trends 3214:James A. Robinson 3108: 3107: 3017:Authoritarianism 2950: 2949: 2884:Orthodox Peronism 2827:Sodalitium Pianum 1817:political freedom 1756:liberal democracy 1698:individual rights 1683:mass mobilization 1596:mass surveillance 1496:on 1 October 1973 1154:Scholars such as 1031:political parties 941:political parties 861: 860: 812: 811: 783:Democracy indices 758: 757: 561: 560: 370:Semi-presidential 295: 294: 16:(Redirected from 20578: 20551:Authoritarianism 20457:Devil's advocate 20427:Auto-segregation 20323:Countersignaling 20250:Toxic positivity 20225:Social influence 20186:Social contagion 20031:Bandwagon effect 19988:Authoritarianism 19852: 19851: 19834: 19827: 19820: 19811: 19810: 19722:Political ethics 19712:Machiavellianism 19652:Authoritarianism 19637: 19627: 19617: 19607: 19597: 19587: 19577: 19567: 19557: 19547: 19537: 19527: 19517: 19507: 19497: 19487: 19477: 19467: 19457: 19447: 19437: 19427: 18503: 18502: 18444: 18380: 18370:Balance of power 18344:Social democracy 18339:Social Darwinism 18314:Multiculturalism 18259:Environmentalism 18234:Communitarianism 17941: 17934: 17927: 17918: 17917: 17876:Direct democracy 17861:Authoritarianism 17840: 17833: 17826: 17817: 17816: 17740:Internationalism 17671:Authoritarianism 17640:Social democracy 17534:Environmentalism 17497:Communitarianism 17357: 17350: 17343: 17334: 17333: 17320: 17319: 17079: 17040: 17039: 16957: 16956: 16934:Nuremberg Trials 16878:Romani Holocaust 16802:Beer Hall Putsch 16730: 16729: 16719: 16718: 16624:Yokusan Sonendan 15840: 15839: 15829: 15828: 15770:Ethnic Cleansing 15709:The Great Appeal 15679:L'Armata Azzurra 15568:Parole der Woche 15287:My Autobiography 15177: 15176: 15166: 15165: 14389:Fernández-Cuesta 13975:Ciano (Galeazzo) 13970:Ciano (Costanzo) 13065: 13064: 13054: 13053: 12806:Action Zealandia 12736:Vanguard America 12245:Eurasia Movement 12087:Juntas Españolas 12015:Falange Española 11998:Sección Femenina 11368:Nasjonal Samling 11347:Les Identitaires 11219:Centre Party '86 11172:British Movement 11157:British Fascists 10730:Al-Muthanna Club 10677: 10676: 10666: 10665: 10265: 10264: 10186:State capitalism 10171:Social Darwinism 10002:Authoritarianism 9992:Anti-materialism 9960: 9959: 9949: 9948: 9934: 9927: 9920: 9911: 9910: 9898: 9897: 9745:Marxism–Leninism 9626:Managerial state 9504: 9497: 9490: 9481: 9480: 9474:Authoritarianism 9471: 9419: 9418: 9400: 9394: 9393: 9383: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9341: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9330: 9310: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9279: 9273: 9272: 9270: 9268: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9218: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9188: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9162: 9156: 9155: 9153: 9151: 9132: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9121: 9102: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9091: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9040: 9034: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9009: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8989: 8981: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8965:. 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Nathan 1232:Electoral fraud. 1168:Fernando Limongi 1078:Ronald Inglehart 977:direct elections 955:underdevelopment 868:political system 864:Authoritarianism 853: 846: 839: 825: 824: 772: 771: 616:Associated state 574: 573: 549:Internationalism 539:World government 516: 395: 327: 308: 307: 282:Free association 269: 230: 149: 92: 80: 79: 43: 42: 21: 20586: 20585: 20581: 20580: 20579: 20577: 20576: 20575: 20571:Social theories 20541: 20540: 20539: 20534: 20533: 20528: 20499:Insubordination 20447:Culture jamming 20437:Cosmopolitanism 20398: 20367: 20338:Internalization 20297: 20259: 20019: 20010:Totalitarianism 19976: 19843: 19838: 19808: 19803: 19790: 19779:Totalitarianism 19640: 19635: 19625: 19615: 19605: 19595: 19585: 19575: 19565: 19555: 19545: 19535: 19525: 19515: 19505: 19495: 19485: 19475: 19465: 19455: 19452:Treatise on Law 19445: 19435: 19425: 19405: 19063: 19057: 18796: 18790: 18676: 18670: 18589: 18492: 18478:State of nature 18473:Social contract 18453:Ordered liberty 18441:Noblesse oblige 18358: 18192: 18121: 17950: 17945: 17915: 17910: 17906:Totalitarianism 17847: 17844: 17814: 17809: 17805:Totalitarianism 17659: 17462:Accelerationism 17453: 17366: 17361: 17331: 17326: 17314: 17297: 17142:Europe a Nation 17045: 17030: 17011:Nazi ideologues 16962: 16943: 16897: 16831: 16827:Libyan genocide 16775: 16744: 16724: 16705: 16679: 16633: 16342:Falange Militia 16207: 16039:Blue-and-Blacks 16019:Adler und Falke 16005: 15884: 15834: 15815: 15774: 15753: 15667: 15533:Het Nieuwe Volk 15478:Je suis partout 15341: 15171: 15152: 15038:Phibunsongkhram 14811: 14580: 14546:Mosley (Oswald) 14499: 14428: 14409:Primo de Rivera 14357: 14251: 14185: 14119: 13888: 13802: 13766: 13710: 13669: 13640:Strasser (Otto) 13398: 13292: 13231: 13175: 13104: 13075:Campbell (Eric) 13059: 13040: 13001:Popular Dignity 12880: 12792: 12634:Identity Evropa 12538: 12191: 12177:Tricolour Flame 12172:Terza Posizione 12055:Italian fascism 12050:Imperium Europa 11935:Southern Europe 11929: 11711:Austrian Nazism 11706:Artgemeinschaft 11682: 11640:Terre et Peuple 11530:Nouvelle Droite 11519:Northern League 11126:Bases Autónomas 11092: 10900:Rastakhiz Party 10780:Iran-e-No Party 10775:Hindu Mahasabha 10755:Brit HaBirionim 10711: 10671: 10656: 10586:Neo-Eurasianism 10567:Neo-Legionarism 10270: 10251: 10215: 10211:Totalitarianism 10196:Supercapitalism 10136:One-party state 9972:Actual idealism 9954: 9943: 9938: 9903: 9895: 9890: 9834: 9684: 9651:Socialist state 9636:One-party state 9550:Communist state 9521: 9508: 9464: 9440:Further reading 9423: 9422: 9415: 9402: 9401: 9397: 9384: 9373: 9363: 9361: 9342: 9338: 9328: 9326: 9311: 9307: 9297: 9295: 9280: 9276: 9266: 9264: 9249: 9245: 9235: 9233: 9220: 9219: 9215: 9205: 9203: 9190: 9189: 9185: 9175: 9173: 9164: 9163: 9159: 9149: 9147: 9134: 9133: 9129: 9119: 9117: 9104: 9103: 9099: 9089: 9087: 9076: 9072: 9062: 9060: 9041: 9037: 9027: 9025: 9010: 9006: 8996: 8994: 8987: 8983: 8982: 8978: 8968: 8966: 8955: 8951: 8914: 8910: 8900: 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By contrast, 3201: 3132:interdependence 2983:Catholic Church 2979:Francoist Spain 2964:Totalitarianism 2946: 2906: 2899: 2898: 2787: 2779: 2778: 2741:Integrist Party 2708:Acción Española 2695: 2687: 2686: 2667:El Siglo Futuro 2619:Papal documents 2606:Treatise on Law 2592:The City of God 2581: 2573: 2572: 2428: 2420: 2419: 2190: 2182: 2181: 2167:Israeli/Zionist 2140: 2132: 2131: 2107:Social Kingship 1951:Confessionalism 1921:Anti-liberalism 1911: 1876: 1863: 1842: 1768:minority groups 1731:Democracy Index 1724: 1592:digital control 1463: 1429: 1401: 1352: 1343:Thomas Pepinsky 1338:Adam Przeworski 1303: 1284:Daniel Treisman 1276: 1268:Main articles: 1266: 1254: 1199: 1191:property rights 1164:Adam Przeworski 1158:, Carles Boix, 1152: 1105: 1097:democratization 1089:one-party state 1054:social controls 1046:civil liberties 1042:political power 1035:Adam Przeworski 1019: 1017:Characteristics 945:interest groups 890:civil liberties 857: 819: 814: 813: 800:Democratisation 793:Autocratization 769: 761: 760: 759: 716: 677: 656:Tributary state 646:Satellite state 601: 571: 570:Power structure 563: 562: 514: 513: 495: 466: 452: 443:Totalitarianism 393: 392: 374: 325: 324: 305: 297: 296: 291: 267: 259: 224: 216: 147: 139: 86: 77: 76:Source of power 54:Basic forms of 48:Politics series 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20584: 20574: 20573: 20568: 20563: 20558: 20553: 20536: 20535: 20530: 20529: 20527: 20526: 20521: 20516: 20511: 20506: 20501: 20496: 20491: 20486: 20481: 20476: 20471: 20470: 20469: 20459: 20454: 20449: 20444: 20442:Counterculture 20439: 20434: 20429: 20424: 20419: 20414: 20408: 20406: 20404:Anticonformity 20400: 20399: 20397: 20396: 20391: 20386: 20381: 20375: 20373: 20369: 20368: 20366: 20365: 20363:Social reality 20360: 20355: 20350: 20345: 20340: 20335: 20330: 20325: 20320: 20315: 20309: 20307: 20303: 20302: 20299: 20298: 20296: 20295: 20290: 20285: 20284: 20283: 20278: 20267: 20265: 20261: 20260: 20258: 20257: 20255:Untouchability 20252: 20247: 20242: 20237: 20232: 20227: 20222: 20221: 20220: 20215: 20214: 20213: 20208: 20203: 20193: 20183: 20178: 20173: 20168: 20163: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20143: 20138: 20133: 20128: 20123: 20121:Milieu control 20118: 20113: 20108: 20103: 20101:Indoctrination 20098: 20093: 20091:Herd mentality 20088: 20083: 20078: 20073: 20068: 20063: 20058: 20053: 20048: 20043: 20038: 20033: 20027: 20025: 20024:Group pressure 20021: 20020: 20018: 20017: 20012: 20007: 20006: 20005: 20000: 19990: 19984: 19982: 19978: 19977: 19975: 19974: 19969: 19964: 19963: 19962: 19957: 19947: 19940: 19939: 19938: 19931: 19921: 19916: 19915: 19914: 19909: 19904: 19902:Cancel culture 19899: 19889: 19882: 19877: 19868: 19860: 19858: 19849: 19845: 19844: 19837: 19836: 19829: 19822: 19814: 19805: 19804: 19802: 19801: 19795: 19792: 19791: 19789: 19788: 19781: 19776: 19771: 19769:Social justice 19766: 19761: 19756: 19751: 19746: 19745: 19744: 19739: 19734: 19724: 19719: 19714: 19709: 19704: 19699: 19694: 19689: 19684: 19679: 19677:Egalitarianism 19674: 19669: 19667:Contractualism 19664: 19659: 19654: 19648: 19646: 19642: 19641: 19639: 19638: 19628: 19618: 19608: 19598: 19588: 19578: 19568: 19558: 19548: 19538: 19528: 19518: 19508: 19498: 19488: 19478: 19468: 19458: 19448: 19438: 19428: 19417: 19415: 19411: 19410: 19407: 19406: 19404: 19403: 19398: 19393: 19388: 19383: 19378: 19373: 19368: 19363: 19358: 19353: 19348: 19343: 19338: 19333: 19328: 19323: 19318: 19313: 19308: 19303: 19298: 19293: 19288: 19283: 19278: 19273: 19268: 19263: 19258: 19253: 19248: 19243: 19238: 19233: 19228: 19223: 19218: 19213: 19208: 19203: 19198: 19193: 19188: 19183: 19178: 19173: 19168: 19163: 19158: 19153: 19148: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19128: 19123: 19118: 19113: 19108: 19103: 19098: 19093: 19088: 19083: 19078: 19073: 19067: 19065: 19059: 19058: 19056: 19055: 19050: 19045: 19040: 19035: 19030: 19025: 19020: 19015: 19010: 19005: 19000: 18995: 18990: 18985: 18980: 18975: 18970: 18965: 18960: 18955: 18950: 18945: 18940: 18935: 18934: 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18294:Libertarianism 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18271: 18266: 18261: 18256: 18251: 18246: 18241: 18236: 18231: 18226: 18221: 18216: 18211: 18206: 18200: 18198: 18194: 18193: 18191: 18190: 18185: 18180: 18175: 18170: 18165: 18160: 18155: 18150: 18145: 18140: 18135: 18129: 18127: 18123: 18122: 18120: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17999: 17994: 17989: 17984: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17964: 17958: 17956: 17952: 17951: 17944: 17943: 17936: 17929: 17921: 17912: 17911: 17909: 17908: 17903: 17898: 17893: 17888: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17868: 17863: 17858: 17852: 17849: 17848: 17843: 17842: 17835: 17828: 17820: 17811: 17810: 17808: 17807: 17802: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17752: 17747: 17742: 17737: 17732: 17727: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17711: 17710: 17705: 17700: 17690: 17685: 17680: 17679: 17678: 17667: 17665: 17661: 17660: 17658: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17636: 17635: 17630: 17620: 17615: 17614: 17613: 17603: 17598: 17593: 17591:Libertarianism 17588: 17583: 17578: 17573: 17568: 17566:Fundamentalism 17563: 17558: 17557: 17556: 17554:Third Position 17551: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17530: 17529: 17519: 17514: 17509: 17504: 17499: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17474: 17469: 17464: 17458: 17455: 17454: 17452: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17435: 17434: 17429: 17424: 17419: 17414: 17409: 17404: 17394: 17389: 17384: 17383: 17382: 17371: 17368: 17367: 17360: 17359: 17352: 17345: 17337: 17328: 17327: 17325: 17324: 17312: 17306: 17303: 17302: 17299: 17298: 17296: 17295: 17290: 17285: 17280: 17275: 17270: 17265: 17263:Social fascism 17260: 17259: 17258: 17253: 17243: 17241:Sansepolcrismo 17238: 17233: 17228: 17223: 17218: 17213: 17208: 17203: 17198: 17193: 17192: 17191: 17189:of South Tyrol 17184:Italianization 17181: 17180: 17179: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17157:Feudal fascism 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17124: 17123: 17122: 17117: 17112: 17107: 17097: 17096: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17071: 17066: 17061: 17050: 17047: 17046: 17044:Related topics 17036: 17035: 17032: 17031: 17029: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17013: 17008: 17002: 16997: 16992: 16983: 16978: 16973: 16967: 16964: 16963: 16953: 16952: 16949: 16948: 16945: 16944: 16942: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16905: 16903: 16899: 16898: 16896: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16880: 16875: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16839: 16837: 16833: 16832: 16830: 16829: 16824: 16819: 16814: 16809: 16804: 16799: 16794: 16792:Corfu incident 16789: 16783: 16781: 16777: 16776: 16774: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16752: 16750: 16746: 16745: 16743: 16742: 16736: 16734: 16726: 16725: 16715: 16714: 16711: 16710: 16707: 16706: 16704: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16687: 16685: 16681: 16680: 16678: 16677: 16675:Student Action 16672: 16667: 16662: 16657: 16652: 16647: 16641: 16639: 16635: 16634: 16632: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16605: 16604: 16594: 16589: 16587:Walloon Legion 16584: 16579: 16574: 16572:Ustaše Militia 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16544: 16542:Sturmabteilung 16539: 16534: 16532:Sich Battalion 16529: 16524: 16519: 16514: 16509: 16504: 16499: 16494: 16489: 16484: 16479: 16474: 16469: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16394: 16389: 16384: 16379: 16374: 16369: 16364: 16359: 16357:Flemish Legion 16354: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16337:Falange Armata 16334: 16329: 16327:Einsatzgruppen 16324: 16323: 16322: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16260:Black Brigades 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16225:Abhinav Bharat 16221: 16219: 16209: 16208: 16206: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16189: 16188: 16183: 16173: 16168: 16163: 16158: 16153: 16148: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16128: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16103: 16098: 16097: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16021: 16015: 16013: 16007: 16006: 16004: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15911:Casuals United 15908: 15903: 15898: 15892: 15890: 15886: 15885: 15883: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15846: 15844: 15836: 15835: 15825: 15824: 15821: 15820: 15817: 15816: 15814: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15798: 15796:Heroic realism 15793: 15788: 15782: 15780: 15779:Related topics 15776: 15775: 15773: 15772: 15767: 15761: 15759: 15755: 15754: 15752: 15751: 15746: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15691: 15686: 15681: 15675: 15673: 15669: 15668: 15666: 15665: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15645: 15640: 15635: 15630: 15628:Türkische Post 15625: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15605: 15600: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15580: 15575: 15570: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15430: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15388:The Blackshirt 15385: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15349: 15347: 15343: 15342: 15340: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15183: 15181: 15173: 15172: 15162: 15161: 15158: 15157: 15154: 15153: 15151: 15150: 15145: 15140: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15020: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14863:Castillo Armas 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14819: 14817: 14813: 14812: 14810: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14588: 14586: 14582: 14581: 14579: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14541:Mosley (Diana) 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14507: 14505: 14504:United Kingdom 14501: 14500: 14498: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14436: 14434: 14430: 14429: 14427: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14384:Carrero Blanco 14381: 14376: 14371: 14365: 14363: 14359: 14358: 14356: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14259: 14257: 14253: 14252: 14250: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14193: 14191: 14187: 14186: 14184: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14127: 14125: 14121: 14120: 14118: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13896: 13894: 13890: 13889: 13887: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13871: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13810: 13808: 13804: 13803: 13801: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13774: 13772: 13768: 13767: 13765: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13718: 13716: 13712: 13711: 13709: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13677: 13675: 13671: 13670: 13668: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13587: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13492: 13487: 13482: 13477: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13442: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13406: 13404: 13400: 13399: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13314:Benoist-Méchin 13311: 13306: 13300: 13298: 13294: 13293: 13291: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13239: 13237: 13233: 13232: 13230: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13183: 13181: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13173: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13143: 13138: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13112: 13110: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13071: 13069: 13061: 13060: 13050: 13049: 13046: 13045: 13042: 13041: 13039: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12937: 12936: 12931: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12890: 12888: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12878: 12873: 12871:True Blue Crew 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12802: 12800: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12754: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12722: 12721: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12599:American Front 12591: 12590: 12589: 12584: 12582:Heritage Front 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12548: 12546: 12540: 12539: 12537: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12520: 12519: 12518: 12517: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12475:Serbian Action 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12450:Romanian Front 12447: 12442: 12437: 12435:People's Party 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12201: 12199: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12167:Student Action 12164: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12073: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 12001: 12000: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11953:Balli Kombëtar 11950: 11945: 11939: 11937: 11931: 11930: 11928: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11905:The Third Path 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11886: 11885: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11864: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11692: 11690: 11688:Central Europe 11684: 11683: 11681: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11658: 11656:Union Movement 11653: 11651:Third Way (UK) 11648: 11643: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11619:Rising Finland 11616: 11611: 11604: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11540: 11539: 11538: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11414:National Rally 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11364: 11357: 11350: 11343: 11338: 11336:Lapua Movement 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11214:Casuals United 11211: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11122: 11115: 11108: 11102: 11100: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11059: 11058: 11057: 11056: 11051: 11041: 11036: 11035: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10972:Ekal Vidyalaya 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10948: 10947: 10937: 10932: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10725:Abhinav Bharat 10721: 10719: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10709: 10704: 10702:Ossewabrandwag 10699: 10694: 10689: 10683: 10681: 10673: 10672: 10662: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10654: 10649: 10648: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10627: 10626: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10589: 10588: 10578: 10577: 10576: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10545: 10544: 10534: 10533: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10521: 10520: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10474: 10473: 10468: 10458: 10457: 10456: 10455: 10454: 10444: 10436: 10435: 10434: 10424: 10423: 10422: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10386: 10385: 10380: 10379: 10378: 10377: 10376: 10371: 10365:Neo-Pétainism 10358: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10327: 10326: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10295: 10294: 10289: 10281: 10275: 10272: 10271: 10261: 10260: 10257: 10256: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10223: 10221: 10217: 10216: 10214: 10213: 10208: 10206:Third Position 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10127: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10084: 10079: 10077:Indoctrination 10074: 10069: 10064: 10062:Heroic realism 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9982:Anti-communism 9979: 9974: 9968: 9966: 9956: 9955: 9945: 9944: 9937: 9936: 9929: 9922: 9914: 9908: 9905: 9904: 9892: 9891: 9889: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9842: 9840: 9836: 9835: 9833: 9832: 9827: 9826: 9825: 9815: 9810: 9809: 9808: 9803: 9793: 9788: 9787: 9786: 9781: 9771: 9766: 9765: 9764: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9737: 9736: 9735: 9725: 9724: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9692: 9690: 9686: 9685: 9683: 9682: 9681: 9680: 9675: 9665: 9664: 9663: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9617: 9616: 9606: 9601: 9600: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9572: 9570:Constitutional 9567: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9546: 9545: 9535: 9529: 9527: 9523: 9522: 9507: 9506: 9499: 9492: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9463: 9462:External links 9460: 9459: 9458: 9437: 9436: 9421: 9420: 9413: 9395: 9371: 9336: 9305: 9274: 9243: 9226:The New Yorker 9213: 9196:The New Yorker 9183: 9157: 9127: 9097: 9070: 9035: 9004: 8976: 8949: 8928:(3): 616–644. 8908: 8878: 8848: 8788: 8773: 8758: 8727: 8685: 8655: 8625: 8618: 8600: 8580: 8550: 8536: 8516: 8497: 8490: 8464: 8435: 8384: 8335: 8300: 8269:10.1086/700936 8243: 8217: 8198: 8192:Radu Cinpoes, 8180: 8166: 8146: 8139: 8122: 8078: 8071: 8051: 8044: 8022: 8015: 7993: 7986: 7966: 7959: 7939: 7932: 7914: 7907: 7889: 7882: 7864: 7857: 7839: 7821:Paxton, Robert 7813: 7788: 7767: 7746: 7737: 7720:New York Times 7706: 7693:(5): 112–119. 7673: 7654: 7629: 7622: 7602: 7571:(1): 111–125. 7546: 7503: 7483: 7476: 7453: 7426: 7383: 7379:Michael McFaul 7366: 7353: 7340: 7327: 7300:(3): 827–842. 7280: 7273: 7245: 7226: 7206: 7177:Bunce, Valerie 7167: 7128: 7098: 7039: 7032: 7012: 6976: 6941: 6922:Kurt Weyland, 6915: 6905:Juan de Onis, 6898: 6867: 6836: 6819:New York Times 6805: 6770: 6743: 6710: 6683:(2): 313–331. 6663: 6619: 6594: 6588:(according to 6576: 6551: 6526: 6520:Todd Landman, 6510: 6470: 6445: 6438: 6418: 6403: 6389:Juan José Linz 6377: 6356:10.1086/706049 6334: 6297:(5): 559–579. 6281: 6262:(5): 596–608. 6246: 6196:(2): 221–239. 6173: 6142: 6115:(7): 935–962. 6096: 6067:(2): 533–556. 6051: 6008: 5962: 5927: 5920: 5900: 5851: 5810: 5767: 5736:(2): 131–165. 5716: 5697: 5668:(3): 979–988. 5648: 5621: 5594:(1): 263–281. 5574: 5553:(4): 100–127. 5539:Guriev, Sergei 5530: 5523: 5503: 5496: 5476: 5467:|website= 5437: 5409: 5377: 5339: 5324: 5295: 5269: 5251:(3): 751–765. 5231: 5193: 5186: 5158: 5140:(5): 617–644. 5117: 5089:(4): 521–544. 5069: 5043: 5029: 4992: 4977: 4949: 4930: 4902: 4875:(2): 175–205. 4869:World Politics 4859: 4824:(2): 155–183. 4818:World Politics 4808: 4794: 4767:(4): 517–549. 4761:World Politics 4751: 4700: 4659: 4634: 4621: 4608: 4595: 4582: 4569: 4562: 4544: 4537: 4511: 4485: 4479: 4446: 4417: 4388: 4355: 4300: 4271:(1): 565–584. 4251: 4224:(2): 313–331. 4204: 4151: 4129: 4108: 4086: 4071: 4041: 3994: 3987: 3959: 3940:(1): 113–126. 3919: 3897: 3871: 3856: 3835: 3834: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3730: 3727: 3675: 3672: 3652:assassinations 3549:Nelson Mandela 3527: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3453:Main article: 3450: 3447: 3369:in the 1970s. 3324:" and placed " 3302:Imperial Japan 3264:Main article: 3261: 3258: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3206:Daron Acemoglu 3200: 3197: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3081: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3046:Ends of power 3043: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3012: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2937: 2930: 2922: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2891: 2889:Third Position 2886: 2881: 2876: 2869: 2862: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2799: 2794: 2792:Traditionalism 2788: 2785: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2775: 2774: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2743: 2738: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2704: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2663: 2655: 2648: 2641: 2634: 2627: 2616: 2609: 2602: 2595: 2588: 2586:Catholic Bible 2582: 2579: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2493:Lamamié (Juan) 2490: 2488:Lamamié (José) 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2127:Ultramontanism 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2052: 2050:Integral state 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2020: 2015: 2012:Deposing power 2005: 1999: 1990: 1985: 1979: 1974: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1916:Anti-communism 1912: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1894: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1875: 1872: 1862: 1859: 1841: 1838: 1834:Reconstruction 1813:Alberto Abadie 1739:hybrid regimes 1723: 1720: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1663: 1653:Nicolás Maduro 1612:Nicolas Maduro 1600: 1599: 1550: 1543: 1524:Barbara Geddes 1520: 1519: 1516:Park Chung-hee 1499: 1490:Park Chung-hee 1462: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1449: 1441: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1421:hybrid regimes 1409:Juan José Linz 1400: 1397: 1351: 1348: 1310:centralization 1302: 1299: 1265: 1262: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1198: 1195: 1156:Seymour Lipset 1151: 1148: 1144:hybrid regimes 1132:dominant-party 1124:Vladimir Lenin 1104: 1101: 1018: 1015: 973: 972: 969: 962: 948: 914:hybrid regimes 859: 858: 856: 855: 848: 841: 833: 830: 829: 816: 815: 810: 809: 808: 807: 805:Hybrid regimes 802: 797: 796: 795: 785: 780: 770: 767: 766: 763: 762: 756: 755: 754: 753: 748: 743: 738: 736:Regional power 733: 725: 724: 718: 717: 715: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 686: 685: 679: 678: 676: 675: 670: 665: 658: 653: 648: 643: 641:Puppet monarch 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 610: 609: 603: 602: 600: 599: 594: 589: 581: 580: 572: 569: 568: 565: 564: 559: 558: 557: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 518: 517: 512: 511: 506: 500: 497: 496: 494: 493: 492: 491: 486: 476: 474:State religion 468: 467: 465: 464: 461: 457: 454: 453: 451: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 397: 396: 391: 390: 385: 379: 376: 375: 373: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 345:Constitutional 342: 337: 329: 328: 323: 322: 317: 311: 306: 304:Power ideology 303: 302: 299: 298: 293: 292: 290: 289: 284: 279: 271: 270: 268:(rule by none) 261: 260: 258: 257: 252: 251: 250: 240: 232: 231: 218: 217: 215: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 151: 150: 141: 140: 138: 137: 132: 127: 122: 120:Representative 117: 112: 107: 102: 94: 93: 78: 75: 74: 71: 70: 59: 58: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20583: 20572: 20569: 20567: 20564: 20562: 20559: 20557: 20554: 20552: 20549: 20548: 20546: 20525: 20522: 20520: 20517: 20515: 20512: 20510: 20507: 20505: 20502: 20500: 20497: 20495: 20494:Individualism 20492: 20490: 20487: 20485: 20482: 20480: 20477: 20475: 20472: 20468: 20465: 20464: 20463: 20460: 20458: 20455: 20453: 20450: 20448: 20445: 20443: 20440: 20438: 20435: 20433: 20430: 20428: 20425: 20423: 20420: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20409: 20407: 20405: 20401: 20395: 20392: 20390: 20387: 20385: 20382: 20380: 20377: 20376: 20374: 20370: 20364: 20361: 20359: 20356: 20354: 20351: 20349: 20346: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20336: 20334: 20333:Herd behavior 20331: 20329: 20326: 20324: 20321: 20319: 20316: 20314: 20311: 20310: 20308: 20304: 20294: 20291: 20289: 20288:Control freak 20286: 20282: 20279: 20277: 20274: 20273: 20272: 20269: 20268: 20266: 20262: 20256: 20253: 20251: 20248: 20246: 20243: 20241: 20238: 20236: 20235:Socialization 20233: 20231: 20228: 20226: 20223: 20219: 20216: 20212: 20209: 20207: 20204: 20202: 20199: 20198: 20197: 20194: 20192: 20189: 20188: 20187: 20184: 20182: 20179: 20177: 20174: 20172: 20169: 20167: 20164: 20162: 20159: 20157: 20154: 20152: 20151:Peer pressure 20149: 20147: 20144: 20142: 20139: 20137: 20134: 20132: 20131:Normalization 20129: 20127: 20124: 20122: 20119: 20117: 20114: 20112: 20109: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20082: 20079: 20077: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20067: 20064: 20062: 20059: 20057: 20056:Culture shock 20054: 20052: 20049: 20047: 20044: 20042: 20039: 20037: 20034: 20032: 20029: 20028: 20026: 20022: 20016: 20013: 20011: 20008: 20004: 20001: 19999: 19996: 19995: 19994: 19991: 19989: 19986: 19985: 19983: 19979: 19973: 19970: 19968: 19965: 19961: 19958: 19956: 19953: 19952: 19951: 19948: 19946: 19945: 19941: 19937: 19936: 19932: 19930: 19927: 19926: 19925: 19922: 19920: 19917: 19913: 19912:Deplatforming 19910: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19898: 19895: 19894: 19893: 19890: 19888: 19887: 19883: 19881: 19878: 19876: 19872: 19869: 19867: 19866: 19862: 19861: 19859: 19857: 19853: 19850: 19846: 19842: 19835: 19830: 19828: 19823: 19821: 19816: 19815: 19812: 19800: 19797: 19796: 19793: 19787: 19786: 19782: 19780: 19777: 19775: 19772: 19770: 19767: 19765: 19762: 19760: 19757: 19755: 19752: 19750: 19747: 19743: 19740: 19738: 19735: 19733: 19730: 19729: 19728: 19725: 19723: 19720: 19718: 19715: 19713: 19710: 19708: 19705: 19703: 19702:Jurisprudence 19700: 19698: 19695: 19693: 19690: 19688: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19673: 19670: 19668: 19665: 19663: 19660: 19658: 19655: 19653: 19650: 19649: 19647: 19643: 19634: 19633: 19629: 19624: 19623: 19619: 19614: 19613: 19609: 19604: 19603: 19599: 19594: 19593: 19589: 19584: 19583: 19579: 19574: 19573: 19569: 19564: 19563: 19559: 19554: 19553: 19549: 19544: 19543: 19539: 19534: 19533: 19532:Rights of Man 19529: 19524: 19523: 19519: 19514: 19513: 19509: 19504: 19503: 19499: 19494: 19493: 19489: 19484: 19483: 19479: 19474: 19473: 19469: 19464: 19463: 19459: 19454: 19453: 19449: 19444: 19443: 19442:De re publica 19439: 19434: 19433: 19429: 19424: 19423: 19419: 19418: 19416: 19412: 19402: 19399: 19397: 19394: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19382: 19379: 19377: 19374: 19372: 19369: 19367: 19364: 19362: 19359: 19357: 19354: 19352: 19349: 19347: 19344: 19342: 19339: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19317: 19314: 19312: 19309: 19307: 19304: 19302: 19299: 19297: 19294: 19292: 19289: 19287: 19284: 19282: 19279: 19277: 19274: 19272: 19269: 19267: 19264: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19244: 19242: 19239: 19237: 19234: 19232: 19229: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19212: 19209: 19207: 19204: 19202: 19199: 19197: 19194: 19192: 19189: 19187: 19184: 19182: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19172: 19169: 19167: 19164: 19162: 19159: 19157: 19154: 19152: 19149: 19147: 19144: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19122: 19119: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19107: 19104: 19102: 19099: 19097: 19094: 19092: 19089: 19087: 19084: 19082: 19079: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19069: 19068: 19066: 19062:20th and 21st 19060: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19044: 19041: 19039: 19036: 19034: 19031: 19029: 19026: 19024: 19021: 19019: 19016: 19014: 19011: 19009: 19006: 19004: 19001: 18999: 18996: 18994: 18991: 18989: 18986: 18984: 18981: 18979: 18976: 18974: 18971: 18969: 18966: 18964: 18961: 18959: 18956: 18954: 18951: 18949: 18946: 18944: 18941: 18939: 18936: 18932: 18929: 18928: 18927: 18924: 18922: 18919: 18915: 18912: 18911: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18900: 18897: 18895: 18892: 18890: 18887: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18860: 18857: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18801: 18799: 18795:18th and 19th 18793: 18787: 18784: 18782: 18779: 18777: 18774: 18772: 18769: 18767: 18764: 18762: 18759: 18757: 18754: 18752: 18749: 18747: 18744: 18742: 18739: 18737: 18734: 18730: 18727: 18726: 18725: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18705: 18702: 18700: 18697: 18695: 18692: 18690: 18687: 18685: 18682: 18681: 18679: 18673: 18667: 18664: 18662: 18659: 18657: 18654: 18652: 18651:Nizam al-Mulk 18649: 18647: 18644: 18642: 18639: 18637: 18634: 18632: 18629: 18627: 18624: 18622: 18619: 18617: 18614: 18612: 18609: 18607: 18604: 18602: 18599: 18598: 18596: 18592: 18586: 18583: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18568: 18566: 18563: 18559: 18556: 18555: 18554: 18551: 18549: 18546: 18544: 18541: 18539: 18536: 18534: 18531: 18529: 18526: 18524: 18521: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18510: 18508: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18495: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18456: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18443: 18442: 18437: 18435: 18432: 18430: 18427: 18425: 18422: 18420: 18417: 18415: 18412: 18410: 18407: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18390: 18387: 18385: 18382: 18379: 18378: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18367: 18365: 18361: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18345: 18342: 18340: 18337: 18335: 18334:Republicanism 18332: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18272: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18247: 18245: 18242: 18240: 18237: 18235: 18232: 18230: 18227: 18225: 18222: 18220: 18217: 18215: 18212: 18210: 18207: 18205: 18202: 18201: 18199: 18195: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18181: 18179: 18176: 18174: 18171: 18169: 18166: 18164: 18161: 18159: 18156: 18154: 18151: 18149: 18146: 18144: 18141: 18139: 18136: 18134: 18131: 18130: 18128: 18124: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17990: 17988: 17985: 17983: 17980: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17959: 17957: 17953: 17949: 17942: 17937: 17935: 17930: 17928: 17923: 17922: 17919: 17907: 17904: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17892: 17889: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17867: 17864: 17862: 17859: 17857: 17854: 17853: 17850: 17841: 17836: 17834: 17829: 17827: 17822: 17821: 17818: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17775:Progressivism 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17746: 17743: 17741: 17738: 17736: 17735:Individualism 17733: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17713: 17709: 17706: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17695: 17694: 17691: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17681: 17677: 17674: 17673: 17672: 17669: 17668: 17666: 17662: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17634: 17631: 17629: 17626: 17625: 17624: 17623:Republicanism 17621: 17619: 17616: 17612: 17609: 17608: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17592: 17589: 17587: 17584: 17582: 17579: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17567: 17564: 17562: 17559: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17546: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17528: 17527:Social credit 17525: 17524: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17508: 17505: 17503: 17500: 17498: 17495: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17475: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17459: 17456: 17450: 17449:Revolutionary 17447: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17433: 17430: 17428: 17425: 17423: 17420: 17418: 17415: 17413: 17410: 17408: 17405: 17403: 17400: 17399: 17398: 17395: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17381: 17378: 17377: 17376: 17373: 17372: 17369: 17365: 17358: 17353: 17351: 17346: 17344: 17339: 17338: 17335: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17311: 17308: 17307: 17304: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17269: 17266: 17264: 17261: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17248: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17232: 17229: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17221:Proto-fascism 17219: 17217: 17214: 17212: 17209: 17207: 17204: 17202: 17199: 17197: 17194: 17190: 17187: 17186: 17185: 17182: 17178: 17175: 17174: 17173: 17172:Germanisation 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17103: 17102: 17101: 17098: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17078: 17077: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17056: 17055: 17052: 17051: 17048: 17041: 17037: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16979: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16971:Anti-fascists 16969: 16968: 16965: 16958: 16954: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16919:The Holocaust 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16906: 16904: 16900: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16840: 16838: 16834: 16828: 16825: 16823: 16820: 16818: 16815: 16813: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16790: 16788: 16787:March on Rome 16785: 16784: 16782: 16778: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16753: 16751: 16747: 16741: 16738: 16737: 16735: 16731: 16727: 16720: 16716: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16694: 16692: 16689: 16688: 16686: 16684:International 16682: 16676: 16673: 16671: 16668: 16666: 16663: 16661: 16658: 16656: 16653: 16651: 16648: 16646: 16643: 16642: 16640: 16636: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16603: 16600: 16599: 16598: 16595: 16593: 16590: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16582:Walloon Guard 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16537:Silver Shirts 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16517:Schutzstaffel 16515: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16498: 16495: 16493: 16490: 16488: 16485: 16483: 16480: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16460: 16458: 16455: 16453: 16450: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16412:Interbrigades 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16388: 16385: 16383: 16380: 16378: 16375: 16373: 16370: 16368: 16365: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16352:Flemish Guard 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16321: 16320:Bugojno group 16318: 16317: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16222: 16220: 16218: 16214: 16210: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16198:Wiking-Jugend 16196: 16194: 16191: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16178: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16089:Jungmädelbund 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16076: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16016: 16014: 16012: 16008: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15893: 15891: 15887: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15847: 15845: 15843:Institutional 15841: 15837: 15833:Organizations 15830: 15826: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15783: 15781: 15777: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15762: 15760: 15756: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15714:The Old Guard 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15676: 15674: 15670: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15658:Die Wehrmacht 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15648:Volk en Staat 15646: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15603:Sfarmă-Piatră 15601: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15518:Nation Europa 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15350: 15348: 15344: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15184: 15182: 15178: 15174: 15167: 15163: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15123:Terre'Blanche 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15108:Seyss-Inquart 15106: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15003:Merlika-Kruja 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14820: 14818: 14814: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14589: 14587: 14585:United States 14583: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14508: 14506: 14502: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14437: 14435: 14431: 14425: 14424:Serrano Suñer 14422: 14420: 14419:Sánchez Mazas 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14399:Franco y Polo 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14366: 14364: 14360: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14318:Martsinkevich 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14260: 14258: 14254: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14194: 14192: 14188: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14128: 14126: 14122: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13897: 13895: 13891: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13867: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13811: 13809: 13805: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13775: 13773: 13769: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13719: 13717: 13713: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13701:Michaloliakos 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13672: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13586: 13583: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13407: 13405: 13401: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13334:Châteaubriant 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13295: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13240: 13238: 13234: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13184: 13182: 13178: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13142: 13139: 13137: 13134: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13113: 13111: 13107: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13072: 13070: 13066: 13062: 13055: 13051: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12926: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12891: 12889: 12887: 12886:South America 12883: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12803: 12801: 12799: 12795: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12720: 12717: 12716: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12699:Patriot Front 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12596: 12595: 12592: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12562:Aryan Nations 12560: 12558: 12555: 12554: 12553: 12550: 12549: 12547: 12545: 12544:North America 12541: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12516: 12513: 12512: 12511: 12508: 12507: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12250:Eurasia Party 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12202: 12200: 12198: 12194: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12057: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 11999: 11996: 11995: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11936: 11932: 11926: 11925:Wiking-Jugend 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11884: 11881: 11880: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11843: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11693: 11691: 11689: 11685: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11663: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11641: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11609: 11605: 11603: 11602: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11534: 11533: 11532: 11531: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11504:Nordic League 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11369: 11365: 11363: 11362: 11358: 11356: 11355: 11351: 11349: 11348: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11311:Heathen Front 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11256: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11209: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11162:Britain First 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11127: 11123: 11121: 11120: 11116: 11114: 11113: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11103: 11101: 11099: 11095: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11033: 11032:Vidya Bharati 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11019: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10982:Hindu Munnani 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10946: 10943: 10942: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10927: 10926: 10925:Sangh Parivar 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10870:Otzma Yehudit 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10805:Kokumin Dōmei 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10770:Golden Square 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10714: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10678: 10674: 10667: 10663: 10653: 10650: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10632: 10631: 10628: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10610: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10587: 10584: 10583: 10582: 10579: 10575: 10572: 10568: 10565: 10564: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10543: 10540: 10539: 10538: 10535: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10519: 10516: 10515: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10495: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10463: 10462: 10459: 10453: 10450: 10449: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10433: 10430: 10429: 10428: 10425: 10421: 10418: 10417: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10384: 10381: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10363: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10273: 10266: 10262: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10218: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10141:Perpetual war 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10111: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10089: 10085: 10083: 10082:Irrationalism 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10037:Direct action 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9997:Anti-pacifism 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9935: 9930: 9928: 9923: 9921: 9916: 9915: 9912: 9906: 9899: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9837: 9831: 9830:Shōwa Statism 9828: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9798: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9769:Caesaropapism 9767: 9763: 9762: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9742: 9741: 9738: 9734: 9731: 9730: 9729: 9726: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9687: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9670: 9669: 9666: 9662: 9661:Islamic state 9659: 9658: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9615: 9612: 9611: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9577: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9562: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9544: 9541: 9540: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9524: 9520: 9516: 9512: 9511:Authoritarian 9505: 9500: 9498: 9493: 9491: 9486: 9485: 9482: 9475: 9470: 9466: 9465: 9456: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9443: 9442: 9441: 9434: 9430: 9429: 9428: 9427: 9416: 9410: 9406: 9399: 9391: 9390: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9349: 9340: 9324: 9320: 9316: 9309: 9293: 9289: 9285: 9278: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9247: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9217: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9187: 9171: 9167: 9161: 9145: 9141: 9140:The Telegraph 9137: 9131: 9115: 9111: 9110:The Telegraph 9107: 9101: 9085: 9081: 9074: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9046: 9039: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9008: 8993: 8986: 8980: 8964: 8960: 8953: 8945: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8912: 8896: 8892: 8891:Freedom House 8888: 8882: 8866: 8862: 8861:Freedom House 8858: 8852: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8802: 8795: 8793: 8784: 8777: 8769: 8762: 8746: 8742: 8738: 8731: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8703: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8673: 8669: 8662: 8660: 8643: 8639: 8638:The Economist 8635: 8629: 8621: 8615: 8611: 8604: 8596: 8592: 8589:Stone, Skip. 8584: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8554: 8539: 8533: 8529: 8528: 8520: 8513: 8509: 8506: 8501: 8493: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8457: 8456: 8452: 8449: 8442: 8440: 8431: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8400: 8395: 8388: 8380: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8339: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8304: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8284: 8279: 8278:1721.1/124287 8274: 8270: 8266: 8263:(1): 47–100. 8262: 8258: 8254: 8247: 8232: 8228: 8221: 8213: 8209: 8202: 8195: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8169: 8163: 8159: 8158: 8150: 8142: 8136: 8132: 8126: 8109: 8105: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8082: 8074: 8068: 8064: 8063: 8055: 8047: 8041: 8036: 8035: 8026: 8018: 8012: 8007: 8006: 7997: 7989: 7983: 7979: 7978: 7970: 7962: 7956: 7952: 7951: 7943: 7935: 7929: 7925: 7918: 7910: 7904: 7900: 7893: 7885: 7879: 7875: 7868: 7860: 7854: 7850: 7843: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7792: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7771: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7750: 7741: 7725: 7721: 7717: 7710: 7701: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7677: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7625: 7619: 7615: 7614: 7606: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7534: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7507: 7500: 7496: 7493: 7487: 7479: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7457: 7446: 7439: 7438: 7430: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7387: 7380: 7376: 7370: 7363: 7357: 7350: 7344: 7337: 7331: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7284: 7276: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7257: 7249: 7233: 7229: 7223: 7219: 7218: 7210: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7171: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7132: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7102: 7094: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7043: 7035: 7029: 7025: 7024: 7016: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6980: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6945: 6938: 6937: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6919: 6912: 6911:World Affairs 6908: 6902: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6871: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6840: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6809: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6774: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6738: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6714: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6656: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6591: 6590:Hannah Arendt 6585: 6583: 6581: 6565: 6561: 6555: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6523: 6517: 6515: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6441: 6435: 6431: 6430: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6384: 6382: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6338: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6250: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6177: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6146: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6103: 6101: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6055: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6012: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5966: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5931: 5923: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5904: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5814: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5771: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5720: 5712: 5708: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5634: 5628: 5626: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5570: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5526: 5520: 5517:. MIT Press. 5516: 5515: 5507: 5499: 5493: 5489: 5488: 5480: 5472: 5460: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5413: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5384: 5382: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5346: 5344: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5302: 5300: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5235: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5207:World Affairs 5204: 5197: 5189: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5170: 5162: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5122: 5105: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5058: 5054: 5051:Pei, Minxin. 5047: 5032: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4953: 4937: 4933: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4906: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4863: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4812: 4804: 4798: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4716:(1): 69–105. 4715: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4631: 4625: 4618: 4612: 4605: 4599: 4592: 4586: 4579: 4573: 4565: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4540: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4524: 4515: 4508: 4507: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4482: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4453: 4451: 4434: 4430: 4429: 4421: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4392: 4385: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4359: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4314:Public Choice 4311: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4201: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4155: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4133: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4097: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 3998: 3990: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3916:. p. 17. 3915: 3911: 3904: 3902: 3894: 3892: 3885: 3878: 3876: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3848: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3766: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3695:hybrid regime 3692: 3687: 3686: 3681: 3680:Freedom House 3671: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3524:source: V-Dem 3521: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3493: 3488: 3486: 3485: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3470:Freedom House 3466: 3465:Freedom House 3462: 3456: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3320:) exercised " 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3306:Allied powers 3303: 3299: 3298:Fascist Italy 3295: 3291: 3290:Allied powers 3287: 3283: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3267: 3257: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3188: 3187:secret police 3184: 3180: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2958: 2954: 2943: 2938: 2936: 2931: 2929: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2902: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2694:Organizations 2691: 2690: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2653: 2652:Rerum novarum 2649: 2647: 2646: 2645:Immortale Dei 2642: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2453:Constantine I 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2059:Accidentalism 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1997:Cooperativism 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1871: 1868: 1858: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1847:hybrid regime 1837: 1835: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1774:and the real 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1719: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1694:individualism 1691: 1686: 1684: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1588:rose to power 1585: 1582:succeeded as 1581: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1554:secret police 1551: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1540:Latin America 1536: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1522:According to 1517: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1430: 1427:Similar terms 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1403:According to 1396: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1361:coup-proofing 1356: 1347: 1344: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280:Sergei Guriev 1275: 1271: 1261: 1259: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1214: 1209: 1203: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1110: 1109:constitutions 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1070:socialization 1067: 1063: 1059: 1058:civil society 1055: 1052:. A range of 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1014: 1011: 1005: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 970: 967: 963: 960: 956: 952: 949: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 929: 928: 926: 922: 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 878: 873: 869: 865: 854: 849: 847: 842: 840: 835: 834: 832: 831: 828: 823: 818: 817: 806: 803: 801: 798: 794: 791: 790: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 775: 774: 773: 765: 764: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 728: 727: 726: 723: 720: 719: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 692:Confederation 690: 689: 688: 687: 684: 681: 680: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 663: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 613: 612: 611: 608: 605: 604: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 587:Unitary state 585: 584: 583: 582: 579: 576: 575: 567: 566: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 520: 519: 510: 507: 505: 502: 501: 499: 498: 490: 489:State atheism 487: 485: 482: 481: 480: 479:Secular state 477: 475: 472: 471: 470: 469: 462: 459: 458: 456: 455: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 400: 399: 398: 389: 386: 384: 383:Authoritarian 381: 380: 378: 377: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 360:Parliamentary 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 332: 331: 330: 321: 318: 316: 313: 312: 310: 309: 301: 300: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 274: 273: 272: 266: 263: 262: 256: 253: 249: 246: 245: 244: 241: 239: 236: 235: 234: 233: 228: 223: 220: 219: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 154: 153: 152: 148:(rule by few) 146: 143: 142: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 97: 96: 95: 90: 85: 82: 81: 73: 72: 69: 66: 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 20504:Pueblo clown 20489:Idiosyncrasy 20474:Eccentricity 20358:Social proof 20066:Echo chamber 20046:Collectivism 20036:Brainwashing 19987: 19967:Scapegoating 19950:Public enemy 19942: 19933: 19897:Blacklisting 19884: 19863: 19856:Proscription 19783: 19682:Elite theory 19651: 19630: 19620: 19610: 19600: 19590: 19580: 19570: 19560: 19550: 19540: 19530: 19520: 19510: 19500: 19490: 19480: 19470: 19460: 19450: 19440: 19430: 19420: 18719:Guicciardini 18675:Early modern 18498:Philosophers 18448:Open society 18384:Body politic 18254:Distributism 18244:Conservatism 18239:Confucianism 18158:Gerontocracy 18148:Dictatorship 18102:Sovereignty‎ 18092:Ruling class 17982:Emancipation 17967:Citizenship‎ 17871:Dictatorship 17860: 17683:Collectivism 17670: 17522:Distributism 17507:Conservatism 17502:Confucianism 17422:Centre-right 17236:Roman salute 17216:Post-fascism 17206:Neosocialism 17196:Japanization 17132:Berlusconism 17127:Anti-fascism 17076:Maurrassisme 17026:SS personnel 17016:Nazi leaders 16939:Tokyo Trials 16929:End in Italy 16909:World War II 16858:Enabling Act 16602:Rusich Group 16597:Wagner Group 16402:Hlinka Guard 16377:Hitler Youth 16372:Hilfspolizei 16265:Black Legion 16240:Azov Brigade 16213:Paramilitary 16193:Ustaše Youth 16074:Hitler Youth 15801:Hindutva pop 15573:Le Pays Réel 15423:The European 15187:1776 Returns 14823:Arana Osorio 14460:Klyachkivsky 14379:Bilbao Eguía 14348:Stojadinović 13706:Papadopoulos 13455:Falkenhausen 13171:van de Wiele 12956:Nacionalismo 12841:Lads Society 12836:Centre Party 12490:Steel Shield 12275:German Party 11851:Nazi Germany 11660: 11638: 11614:Rexist Party 11606: 11601:Pērkonkrusts 11599: 11542: 11528: 11366: 11359: 11352: 11345: 11326:Jeune Nation 11253: 11206: 11124: 11117: 11110: 11078:Tsagaan Khas 11054:Durga Vahini 11027:Seva Bharati 10795:Kataeb Party 10432:Intransigent 10369:Jeune Nation 10287:Nacionalismo 10181:Social order 10119:Palingenetic 10086: 10032:Dictatorship 10017:Conspiracism 10001: 9759: 9673:Majoritarian 9646:Police state 9614:Totalitarian 9574: 9560:Dictatorship 9515:totalitarian 9510: 9476:at Wikiquote 9446: 9439: 9438: 9432: 9426:Bibliography 9425: 9424: 9404: 9398: 9388: 9362:. Retrieved 9354:The Guardian 9353: 9347: 9339: 9327:. Retrieved 9318: 9308: 9296:. Retrieved 9287: 9277: 9265:. Retrieved 9256: 9246: 9234:. Retrieved 9225: 9216: 9204:. Retrieved 9195: 9186: 9174:. Retrieved 9160: 9148:. Retrieved 9139: 9130: 9118:. Retrieved 9109: 9100: 9088:. Retrieved 9073: 9061:. Retrieved 9052: 9048: 9038: 9026:. Retrieved 9017: 9007: 8997:20 September 8995:. Retrieved 8991: 8979: 8969:20 September 8967:. Retrieved 8962: 8952: 8925: 8921: 8911: 8901:20 September 8899:. Retrieved 8890: 8881: 8869:. Retrieved 8860: 8851: 8839:. Retrieved 8832:the original 8814:(1): 45–58. 8811: 8807: 8776: 8761: 8749:. Retrieved 8740: 8730: 8718:. Retrieved 8709: 8705: 8676:. Retrieved 8646:. Retrieved 8637: 8628: 8609: 8603: 8594: 8583: 8571:. Retrieved 8562: 8553: 8541:. Retrieved 8526: 8519: 8500: 8473: 8467: 8446: 8403: 8397: 8387: 8352: 8348: 8338: 8313: 8309: 8303: 8260: 8256: 8246: 8234:. Retrieved 8230: 8220: 8211: 8201: 8193: 8171:. Retrieved 8156: 8149: 8130: 8125: 8112:. 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NBC News. 8573:4 September 8421:10852/89922 8316:(3): 3–17. 7238:27 February 7199:27 February 6891:27 February 6860:27 February 6829:27 February 6350:: 372–377. 6312:10230/46774 6024:(1): 1–32. 5978:(1): 1–30. 5279:"Democracy" 5104:11336/76721 4942:17 December 3564:Arab Winter 3501:late 1990s 3402:Arab Spring 3377:Berlin Wall 3347:superpowers 3286:Axis powers 3218:Amartya Sen 3170:Kim Il-Sung 3159:kleptocracy 3139:Concomitant 3124:charismatic 3116:dichotomies 3098:Legitimacy 2995:technocrats 2991:monarchists 2843:Estado Novo 2638:Quanta Cura 2427:Politicians 2265:Fontcuberta 2075:Natural law 2030:Familialism 1956:Corporatism 1946:Common good 1891:Integralism 1826:polyarchies 1764:rule of law 1649:Hugo Chávez 1531:corporatist 1512:South Korea 1413:democracies 1389:personalist 1387:found that 1213:foreign aid 1206:subject to 937:legislature 894:rule of law 746:Great power 731:Small power 673:Viceroyalty 544:Nationalism 408:Colonialism 388:Libertarian 350:Directorial 227:rule by one 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October 4410:21 October 4377:21 October 4173:21 October 3891:status quo 3866:1105988740 3826:References 3682:'s annual 3646:, and an " 3533:David Frum 3343:occupation 3193:Greg Yudin 3058:Corruption 2797:Legitimism 2771:Viva Maria 2764:Sanfedisti 2631:Mirari Vos 2568:de Villèle 2558:dos Santos 2553:Santamaria 2405:Valdivieso 2380:dos Santos 2325:Meinvielle 2280:Gelasius I 2245:Eyzaguirre 2230:Castellani 2112:Solidarity 2085:Patriotism 2055:Monarchism 1982:Organicism 1910:Principles 1802:corruption 1798:World Bank 1787:civil wars 1633:Juan Perón 1580:Xi Jinping 1573:Mao Zedong 1558:repression 1407:professor 1399:Typologies 1375:repression 1334:repression 1319:legitimacy 1288:repression 1274:Propaganda 1258:repression 1176:bourgeoise 1093:democratic 1066:allegiance 1050:opposition 1001:opposition 989:executives 959:insurgency 902:oligarchic 898:autocratic 892:, and the 877:status quo 751:Superpower 707:Superstate 702:Federation 697:Devolution 683:Federalism 524:City-state 197:Plutocracy 192:Particracy 56:government 20556:Authority 20509:Rebellion 20467:Political 20348:Obedience 20218:Emotional 20191:Addiction 19935:Vogelfrei 19892:Ostracism 19875:Dissenter 19871:Dissident 19482:Leviathan 19462:Monarchia 19456:(c. 1274) 19291:Oakeshott 19236:Mansfield 19231:Luxemburg 19216:Kropotkin 19111:Bernstein 19064:centuries 18978:Nietzsche 18921:Jefferson 18849:Condorcet 18797:centuries 18776:Pufendorf 18641:Marsilius 18528:Confucius 18513:Aristotle 18506:Antiquity 18434:Noble lie 18354:Third Way 18349:Socialism 18274:Feudalism 18229:Communism 18209:Anarchism 18188:Theocracy 18173:Oligarchy 18153:Democracy 18138:Autocracy 18052:Pluralism 18037:Obedience 18002:Hierarchy 17962:Authority 17901:Theocracy 17881:Oligarchy 17866:Autocracy 17856:Anarchism 17780:Reformism 17765:Pluralism 17725:Globalism 17715:Extremism 17650:Third Way 17645:Socialism 17628:Classical 17601:Masculism 17492:Communism 17472:Anarchism 17432:Far-right 17407:Left-wing 17256:Nordicism 17167:Garveyism 17100:Alt-right 17064:Francoism 17059:Chiangism 16592:Waffen-SS 16497:Rodobrana 16487:The Order 16482:New Guard 16417:Iron Wolf 16362:Frontbann 16285:Column 88 16217:terrorist 15850:Ahnenerbe 15618:Spearhead 15613:Siniristi 15588:Das Reich 15578:Der Pimpf 15563:Panzerbär 15553:Organiser 15543:Novopress 15508:Nash Put' 15148:Weinstein 14963:Linderman 14903:Ďurčanský 14707:MacDonald 14702:Lindbergh 14576:Wellesley 14566:Southgate 14551:Pankhurst 14490:Tyahnybok 14374:Bau Nolla 14338:Prokhanov 14323:Milchakov 14303:Kuryokhin 14278:Borovikov 14273:Barkashov 14268:Astroŭski 14202:Bacaloglu 14197:Antonescu 14146:Hashimoto 14050:Mussolini 14035:Marinetti 14030:Malaparte 13985:Corradini 13849:Greenberg 13839:Goldstein 13752:Mukherjee 13737:Golwalkar 13681:Dragoumis 13645:Streicher 13615:Rosenberg 13545:Klintzsch 13425:Berchtold 13344:Déroulède 13278:Somersalo 13202:Kvaternik 13197:Kraljević 13192:Francetić 13068:Australia 12694:The Order 11868:New Order 11662:Verdinaso 11494:New Party 10920:Sakurakai 10885:Patrol 36 10670:Movements 10630:Uruguayan 10558:Romanian 10508:Hitlerism 10438:Japanese 10395:Hungarism 10383:Valoisism 10361:Pétainism 10356:Doriotism 10346:Falangism 10319:Christian 10309:Brazilian 10304:Banderism 10247:Symbolism 10232:Economics 10042:Dirigisme 9881:Strongman 9774:Despotism 9750:Stalinism 9706:Francoism 9701:Chiangism 9656:Theocracy 9641:Oligarchy 9538:Autocracy 9517:forms of 9364:4 October 9329:4 October 9298:4 October 9288:Bloomberg 9267:4 October 9236:8 October 9206:8 October 9176:8 October 9150:8 October 9028:4 October 8944:1521-9488 8871:4 October 8841:4 October 8828:154831503 8751:5 October 8720:4 October 8678:4 October 8430:0305-750X 8295:222452675 8287:0022-3808 8236:7 January 7585:158598818 7403:: 33–48. 7322:245452279 7314:0003-0554 7075:1664-1078 6800:154504959 6786:: 55–77. 6705:145784357 6697:1537-5927 6505:144333167 6372:203199813 6364:0022-3816 6329:159416397 6321:0738-8942 6276:117585945 6218:2049-8470 6137:157014887 6129:0010-4140 6091:0030-7653 6069:CiteSeerX 6046:157891333 6038:0305-0629 6000:214653333 5992:0305-0629 5957:151897298 5895:249976554 5887:0007-1234 5846:2053-1680 5797:0022-0027 5692:252446987 5684:1537-5927 5616:267602602 5608:1094-2939 5569:0895-3309 5469:ignored ( 5459:cite book 5372:1351-0347 5334:226899229 4987:241385526 4889:1086-3338 4838:0043-8871 4781:0043-8871 4730:0003-0554 4334:0048-5829 4295:143064525 4287:1094-2939 4246:145784357 4238:1537-5927 4194:dictators 4036:154815836 4028:1086-3214 3914:Continuum 3831:Citations 3789:Autocracy 3623:Alt-Right 3112:autocracy 3086:pluralism 3070:Official 2873:El Yunque 2854:Francoism 2849:Falangism 2814:Miguelism 2803:Federales 2735:Cristeros 2463:Fernández 2458:Estévanez 2448:Clavarana 2395:Taparelli 2225:de Bonald 2200:Augustine 2145:Brazilian 1870:fascist. 1821:terrorism 1675:strongman 1645:Venezuela 1629:Argentina 1624:authority 1438:Autocracy 1140:Singapore 921:Juan Linz 882:democracy 578:Unitarism 554:Globalism 460:Religious 448:Tribalism 438:Socialism 433:Feudalism 418:Despotism 413:Communism 403:Anarchism 340:Communist 287:Stateless 277:Anarchism 238:Despotism 222:Autocracy 212:Theocracy 177:Kritarchy 145:Oligarchy 130:Socialist 84:Democracy 36:Autocracy 20514:Red team 20452:Deviance 19972:Shunning 19737:Centrism 19432:Politics 19422:Republic 19391:Voegelin 19371:Spengler 19356:Shariati 19331:Rothbard 19286:Nussbaum 19186:Habermas 19161:Fukuyama 19151:Foucault 19076:Ambedkar 19053:Voltaire 19023:de Staël 18998:Rousseau 18879:Franklin 18854:Constant 18814:Beccaria 18646:Muhammad 18626:Gelasius 18611:Averroes 18585:Xenophon 18565:Polybius 18518:Chanakya 18363:Concepts 18329:Populism 18299:Localism 18284:Islamism 18269:Feminism 18168:Monarchy 18072:Property 18062:Progress 18027:Monopoly 17997:Hegemony 17891:Republic 17886:Monarchy 17770:Populism 17760:Pacifism 17755:Nihilism 17745:Localism 17664:See also 17611:Royalism 17581:Islamism 17576:Hindutva 17561:Feminism 17417:Centrism 17402:Far-left 17392:Moderate 17387:Hardline 17310:Category 17283:Trumpism 17251:Aryanism 17201:Morenazi 17115:Alt-tech 17105:Alt-lite 17088:Putinism 16696:NSDAP/AO 16462:Makapili 16437:Lăncieri 16392:Heimwehr 16250:The Base 15951:The Link 15889:Activist 15699:Erbkrank 15453:Gândirea 15433:Fashizmi 15202:Defiance 15138:Vikernes 15058:Quisling 15043:Planetta 15028:Piasecki 14993:Martínez 14928:Gustloff 14908:Frashëri 14893:Dollfuss 14883:Coughlin 14858:Carrasco 14767:Rockwell 14747:Patsalos 14697:LaRouche 14672:Invictus 14662:Heimbach 14495:Vitrenko 14445:Biletsky 14333:Prilepin 14298:Kaminski 14207:Codreanu 14181:Sasakawa 14166:Matsuoka 14100:Sarfatti 14085:Ridruejo 14070:Pavolini 14060:Panunzio 14055:Olivetti 14045:Morgagni 14020:Graziani 14005:Giuriati 13925:Badoglio 13844:Gopstein 13824:Ben-Gvir 13778:Forouhar 13762:Vajpayee 13757:Savarkar 13742:Hedgewar 13650:Terboven 13630:Skorzeny 13575:Niekisch 13530:Heydrich 13490:Goebbels 13420:Baeumler 13309:Bardèche 13288:Varjonen 13273:Simojoki 13227:Servatzy 13141:Eriksson 13126:Degrelle 13121:Declercq 13085:Cottrell 12260:Format18 11873:Nipsters 11634:Stormers 11499:Nipsters 10652:Ustašism 10503:Esoteric 10498:Austrian 10488:Mystical 10466:Kahanism 10405:Ilminism 10390:Hindutva 10331:Clerical 10299:Austrian 10269:Variants 10146:Populism 10114:Integral 10088:Machismo 10052:Eugenics 9839:See also 9716:Putinism 9587:Military 9358:Archived 9323:Archived 9292:Archived 9261:Archived 9230:Archived 9200:Archived 9170:Archived 9144:Archived 9114:Archived 9084:Archived 9057:Archived 9022:Archived 9018:Atlantic 8895:Archived 8865:Archived 8745:Archived 8714:Archived 8672:Archived 8642:Archived 8567:Archived 8508:Archived 8451:Archived 8379:15604165 8330:54556373 8196:, p. 70. 8114:24 April 8108:Archived 8104:40257305 7823:(2004). 7724:Archived 7660:Archived 7595:24 March 7589:Archived 7533:Archived 7495:Archived 7464:(1997). 7232:Archived 7193:Archived 7183:(2020). 7115:Archived 7093:36846476 7007:32361036 6927:Archived 6885:Archived 6854:Archived 6823:Archived 6612:11 April 6569:11 April 6544:11 April 6463:11 April 6391:(2000). 6230:Archived 6226:56130442 6160:Archived 5805:54646102 5754:Archived 5750:57563395 5636:Archived 5443:Archived 5396:Archived 5358:: 1–26. 5219:20672013 4936:Archived 4897:54044493 4846:25053996 4789:18745191 4746:53686238 4676:Archived 4433:Archived 4404:Archived 4371:Archived 4350:45234838 4342:40661005 4167:Archived 4143:Archived 4099:Archived 3799:Dictator 3762:See also 3754:and the 3674:Examples 3571:populism 3391:'s book 3355:bohemian 3276:Cold War 3155:ideology 3128:mystique 3084:Limited 3072:ideology 3052:Private 3023:Charisma 2972:dictator 2786:See also 2543:Rocamora 2523:Olazábal 2503:Louis IX 2415:Veuillot 2410:Vermeule 2385:Sardinha 2295:González 2240:Delassus 2189:Thinkers 2172:Lusitano 2157:Catholic 2139:Variants 2002:Guildism 1883:a series 1881:Part of 1851:Cold War 1794:democide 1620:populist 1476:Ethiopia 1461:Subtypes 1350:Violence 995:such as 964:Minimal 931:Limited 910:military 626:Dominion 355:Legalist 335:Absolute 320:Republic 315:Monarchy 187:Noocracy 157:Anocracy 110:Economic 100:Demarchy 20462:Dissent 20245:Teasing 20211:Suicide 20126:Mobbing 19919:Outcast 19774:Statism 19687:Elitism 19645:Related 19446:(51 BC) 19376:Strauss 19351:Scruton 19346:Schmitt 19336:Russell 19256:Michels 19251:Maurras 19246:Marcuse 19206:Kautsky 19176:Gramsci 19171:Gentile 19141:Dworkin 19131:Du Bois 19126:Dmowski 19121:Chomsky 19116:Burnham 19101:Benoist 19071:Agamben 19038:Thoreau 19028:Stirner 19018:Spencer 18963:Mazzini 18953:Maistre 18948:Madison 18943:Le Play 18874:Fourier 18839:Carlyle 18819:Bentham 18809:Bastiat 18804:Bakunin 18781:Spinoza 18771:Müntzer 18741:Leibniz 18714:Grotius 18694:Bossuet 18661:Plethon 18606:Aquinas 18575:Sun Tzu 18543:Mencius 18533:Han Fei 18304:Marxism 18264:Fascism 18097:Society 18022:Liberty 18007:Justice 17987:Freedom 17795:Statism 17655:Zionism 17596:Marxism 17544:Fascism 17439:Radical 16988: ( 16723:History 16638:Student 16614:Werwolf 16527:Sicarii 16457:Levente 16116:Levente 15684:Bengasi 15493:Limonka 15483:Kangura 15448:Fronten 15428:Fashist 15292:My Life 15133:Tsankov 15118:Szálasi 15088:Salgado 15063:Ramírez 15023:Pfrimer 15018:Noreika 14998:McInnes 14973:Lugones 14938:Hamidov 14898:O'Duffy 14878:Clausen 14868:Celmiņš 14853:Caetano 14848:Bushati 14838:Bahçeli 14782:Spencer 14742:Nordean 14737:Mullins 14732:Minadeo 14717:Metzger 14687:Kessler 14647:Fuentes 14627:Dilling 14622:Collins 14592:Abascal 14571:Tyndall 14556:Pearson 14526:Griffin 14511:Beckett 14485:Stetsko 14475:Samchuk 14455:Gubarev 14450:Dontsov 14440:Bandera 14433:Ukraine 14313:Limonov 14242:Ogoranu 14222:Gigurtu 14212:Crainic 14190:Romania 14110:Spirito 14105:Soffici 14095:Rossoni 14040:Michels 14000:Gentile 13960:Boselli 13945:Bianchi 13905:Alfieri 13854:Ha'ivri 13834:Eliyahu 13819:Ben-Ari 13814:Ahimeir 13783:Kashani 13691:Koryzis 13660:Krosigk 13655:Thadden 13625:Schreck 13620:Schmitt 13590:Reitsch 13565:Maurice 13535:Himmler 13510:Günther 13505:Greiser 13480:Franz V 13470:Forster 13440:Brunner 13403:Germany 13379:Rebatet 13248:Isotalo 13243:Helanen 13236:Finland 13217:Pavičić 13212:Pavelić 13207:Luburić 13180:Croatia 13161:Severen 13146:Hermans 13109:Belgium 12798:Oceania 12495:Svoboda 12255:Falanga 11993:Falange 11073:Tōhōkai 10635:Marzism 10581:Russian 10542:Finnish 10530:Swedish 10518:Russian 10483:Latvian 10447:Statism 10427:Italian 10415:Islamic 10314:British 10131:New Man 10067:Heroism 9941:Fascism 9876:Statism 9796:Fascism 9668:Tyranny 9543:Tsarist 9120:19 July 9063:12 June 8563:pbs.org 7417:7521813 7121:7 March 7084:9944136 6971:3791588 5288:3 March 5262:3 March 5224:3 March 5151:3 March 5110:3 March 5062:3 March 5036:3 March 4854:5981579 4738:1951731 4081:2506195 3954:3694260 3729:Current 3723:fascist 3656:murders 3430:Tunisia 3426:Bahrain 3406:Tunisia 3363:hippies 3288:by the 3049:Public 2987:Falange 2859:Tacuara 2809:Carlism 2563:Senante 2548:Sánchez 2538:Quiroga 2518:Nocedal 2508:Maurras 2498:Larraín 2443:Barroso 2438:Ahimeir 2433:Abascal 2400:Urquiza 2375:Salvany 2370:Salgado 2355:le Play 2345:Pius IX 2320:Maurras 2310:Madiran 2250:Ezcurra 2195:Aquinas 2177:Spanish 1867:fascism 1733:by the 1453:Fascist 1150:Economy 908:or the 768:Related 463:Secular 428:Fascism 265:Anarchy 255:Tyranny 115:Liberal 20519:Satire 20484:Hermit 20086:Hazing 19924:Outlaw 19636:(1992) 19626:(1971) 19616:(1951) 19606:(1945) 19596:(1944) 19586:(1929) 19576:(1859) 19566:(1848) 19546:(1820) 19536:(1791) 19526:(1790) 19516:(1762) 19506:(1748) 19496:(1689) 19486:(1651) 19476:(1532) 19466:(1313) 19396:Walzer 19386:Taylor 19341:Sartre 19306:Popper 19301:Pareto 19296:Ortega 19281:Nozick 19271:Mouffe 19221:Laclau 19181:Guénon 19166:Gandhi 19106:Berlin 19096:Bauman 19091:Badiou 19081:Arendt 19048:Tucker 18938:Le Bon 18899:Herder 18889:Haller 18884:Godwin 18869:Fichte 18864:Engels 18859:Cortés 18829:Bonald 18786:Suárez 18761:Milton 18751:Luther 18724:Hobbes 18709:Filmer 18699:Calvin 18684:Boétie 18677:period 18656:Ockham 18523:Cicero 18324:Nazism 18112:Utopia 18087:Rights 18077:Regime 18047:People 18032:Nation 17633:Modern 17549:Nazism 17093:Ziaism 16761:Fascio 16756:Arditi 16701:ODESSA 16447:Lehava 16397:Hirden 15916:DeVlag 15765:Allach 15643:Vlajka 15638:Vairas 15608:Signal 15513:Nástup 15468:Hamaas 15383:Arriba 15363:L'Alba 15353:Action 15302:OPROP! 15242:Hunter 15103:Šešelj 15093:Sayigh 15083:Saadeh 15078:Rupnik 15013:Mohler 15008:Miklas 14988:Madero 14968:Ljotić 14943:Hlinka 14923:Gömbös 14918:Genoud 14843:Blythe 14828:Arcand 14807:Yockey 14792:Tarrio 14757:Pierce 14752:Pelley 14722:Miller 14657:Graves 14597:Anglin 14561:Ramsay 14531:Jordan 14394:Franco 14369:Arrese 14288:Dugina 14256:Russia 14171:Nonaka 14161:Kodama 14065:Papini 14015:Grandi 13965:Bottai 13910:Ambris 13900:Acerbo 13884:Yeivin 13869:Marzel 13864:Kahane 13859:Heruti 13807:Israel 13722:Advani 13674:Greece 13665:Zündel 13610:Rieger 13580:Ploetz 13570:Müller 13555:Kühnen 13540:Hitler 13520:Heiden 13495:Göring 13485:Gesche 13445:Bühler 13430:Berger 13415:Andrae 13389:Valois 13374:Pétain 13354:Doriot 13329:Bucard 13319:Béraud 13304:Augier 13297:France 13263:Kosola 13258:Konkka 13253:Kalsta 13166:Streel 13156:Poulet 13151:Lagrou 13100:Saleam 13058:People 12524:Vlajka 12505:Ustaše 12425:Pamyat 12295:Hosank 11963:CEDADE 11668:Vigrid 10680:Africa 10645:Sosism 10603:Techno 10554:Rexism 10493:Nazism 10461:Jewish 10420:Ziaism 10351:French 10336:Crypto 10220:Topics 10161:Racism 9953:Themes 9818:Nazism 9755:Maoism 9721:Ziaism 9411: 9257:Qz.com 9055:(11). 8942: 8826: 8712:(11). 8616: 8534: 8488: 8428: 8377: 8370:535957 8367: 8328: 8293: 8285: 8164: 8137: 8102: 8069: 8042: 8013: 7984: 7957: 7930: 7905: 7880: 7855: 7833: 7807: 7782: 7761: 7730:3 July 7666:3 July 7652: 7620: 7583: 7474: 7415: 7377:(eds. 7320: 7312: 7271: 7224: 7091: 7081: 7073: 7030: 7005: 6969: 6798: 6703: 6695: 6503: 6436: 6411: 6401: 6370: 6362: 6327: 6319: 6274: 6224: 6216: 6135: 6127: 6089: 6071: 6044: 6036: 5998: 5990: 5955: 5918: 5893: 5885: 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The 2528:du Pin 2513:Moreno 2483:Josias 2468:García 2390:Solana 2360:Raposo 2350:Pius X 2330:Ousset 2315:Maeztu 2300:Groulx 2235:Cuesta 2215:Billot 2205:Balmes 2162:French 1971:Fueros 1669:juntas 1647:under 1639:under 1631:under 1566:Soviet 1514:under 1478:under 592:Empire 504:Global 135:Others 125:Social 105:Direct 20201:Crime 20061:Dogma 19880:Exile 19785:Index 19414:Works 19401:Weber 19366:Spann 19361:Sorel 19326:Röpke 19321:Rawls 19276:Negri 19266:Mosca 19261:Mises 19226:Lenin 19196:Hoppe 19191:Hayek 19156:Fromm 19146:Evola 19136:Dugin 19033:Taine 19013:Smith 18993:Renan 18988:Paine 18909:Iqbal 18894:Hegel 18844:Comte 18834:Burke 18746:Locke 18736:James 18689:Bodin 18621:Dante 18616:Bruni 18570:Shang 18553:Plato 18107:State 18057:Power 18042:Peace 17977:Elite 17955:Terms 17708:Multi 17698:Inter 17571:Green 16961:Lists 16902:1940s 16836:1930s 16780:1920s 16749:1910s 16733:1900s 16011:Youth 15946:GRECE 15758:Other 15322:Siege 15170:Works 15048:Preto 15033:Perón 14978:Lukov 14933:Hácha 14873:Cerro 14816:Other 14787:Strom 14777:Smith 14772:Rubin 14762:Pound 14727:Mills 14712:Mason 14682:Joyce 14677:Jones 14652:Garza 14637:Enoch 14617:Carto 14612:Black 14607:Biggs 14536:Leese 14470:Rebet 14465:Lebed 14414:Ramos 14362:Spain 14328:Oktan 14308:Letov 14293:Ilyin 14283:Dugin 14176:Ōkawa 14151:Honjō 14136:Araki 14124:Japan 14115:Volpi 14090:Rocco 14080:Ricci 14075:Rauti 14025:Guidi 13995:Freda 13990:Evola 13980:Cogni 13930:Balbo 13920:Azara 13893:Italy 13879:Stern 13829:Eldad 13732:Godse 13715:India 13696:Lagos 13595:Remer 13515:Hanke 13475:Frank 13465:Feder 13460:Hocke 13450:Darré 13410:Abetz 13384:Myatt 13369:Laval 13283:Törni 13222:Rover 13187:Boban 13136:Elias 13131:Denis 13095:Mills 13090:Groot 12305:LEPEN 11536:GRECE 11063:SUMKA 10410:Irish 10124:Ultra 9761:Juche 9526:Forms 8992:V-Dem 8988:(PDF) 8835:(PDF) 8824:S2CID 8804:(PDF) 8326:S2CID 8291:S2CID 8100:JSTOR 7581:S2CID 7448:(PDF) 7441:(PDF) 7413:S2CID 7318:S2CID 7003:S2CID 6967:JSTOR 6796:S2CID 6701:S2CID 6657:, in 6501:S2CID 6368:S2CID 6325:S2CID 6272:S2CID 6233:(PDF) 6222:S2CID 6186:(PDF) 6133:S2CID 6042:S2CID 5996:S2CID 5953:S2CID 5891:S2CID 5801:S2CID 5746:S2CID 5688:S2CID 5612:S2CID 5330:S2CID 5215:JSTOR 4983:S2CID 4893:S2CID 4850:S2CID 4842:JSTOR 4785:S2CID 4742:S2CID 4734:JSTOR 4346:S2CID 4338:JSTOR 4291:S2CID 4242:S2CID 4032:S2CID 3950:JSTOR 3719:China 3537:NAFTA 3512:2021 3442:Yemen 3438:Egypt 3434:Libya 3422:Syria 3418:Yemen 3414:Egypt 3410:Libya 3367:punks 3270:Both 3065:High 3027:High 2580:Works 2478:Gómez 2473:Gomar 2365:Reale 2335:Pemán 2290:Gómez 2285:Genta 2275:Gaume 2255:Feser 2220:Blanc 1770:, an 1758:, or 1750:, or 1637:Egypt 1208:fraud 1180:labor 906:party 866:is a 509:Local 19316:Rand 19311:Qutb 19211:Kirk 19086:Aron 19003:Sade 18983:Owen 18968:Mill 18958:Marx 18926:Kant 18904:Hume 18766:More 18666:Wang 18548:Mozi 17972:Duty 17703:Mono 17676:Anti 17380:Anti 16452:Lehi 16347:FEAR 16215:and 15719:Raza 15672:Film 15143:Wang 15128:Tiso 15068:Rhee 15053:Puyi 14983:Mach 14888:Devi 14692:Lane 14667:Hall 14632:Duke 14263:Aijo 14247:Sima 14237:Moța 14227:Goga 14217:Cuza 14156:Kita 14131:Akao 14010:Gozi 13955:Bono 13950:Boni 13771:Iran 13747:Modi 13727:Bose 13585:Rahn 13550:Kuhn 13525:Hess 13500:Graf 13435:Best 13394:Vial 13349:Dior 13339:Déat 13268:Orko 13116:Daye 12534:ZBOR 10820:Lehi 10790:Kach 10717:Asia 10400:Hutu 10279:Arab 9784:Soft 9678:Soft 9513:and 9409:ISBN 9366:2018 9331:2018 9300:2018 9269:2018 9238:2014 9208:2014 9178:2014 9152:2014 9122:2014 9092:2017 9065:2016 9030:2018 8999:2022 8971:2022 8940:ISSN 8903:2020 8873:2018 8843:2018 8753:2018 8722:2018 8680:2018 8650:2018 8614:ISBN 8575:2016 8545:2011 8532:ISBN 8486:ISBN 8426:ISSN 8375:PMID 8283:ISSN 8238:2022 8175:2023 8162:ISBN 8135:ISBN 8116:2022 8067:ISBN 8040:ISBN 8011:ISBN 7982:ISBN 7955:ISBN 7928:ISBN 7903:ISBN 7878:ISBN 7853:ISBN 7831:ISBN 7805:ISBN 7780:ISBN 7759:ISBN 7732:2019 7668:2019 7650:ISBN 7618:ISBN 7597:2020 7541:2019 7472:ISBN 7310:ISSN 7269:ISBN 7240:2020 7222:ISBN 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