441:
57:
534:(1997) gives a brief account based on contemporary sources, noting that Spanish troops constituted about 10% of the Habsburg total. Kamen claims that the battle was "won by a mainly Netherlandish army commanded by the non-Spaniards the duke of Savoy and the earl of Egmont". On the other hand, Geoffrey Parker states that Spanish troops were decisive in defeating the French at St. Quentin owing to their high value, as well as in defeating the Ottomans at Hungary in 1532 and at Tunis in 1535, and the German protestants at Mühlberg in 1547.
232:
221:
210:
199:
131:
180:
169:
117:
150:
429:
10 August. Philibert, with his
English allies, had placed St. Quentin under siege. Montmorency with a force of around 26,000 men marched to St. Quentin to relieve the city. Facing a force twice their size, Montmorency attempted to gain access to St. Quentin through a marsh, but a delayed French
491:, a Roman deacon who was roasted on a gridiron for his Christian beliefs. Hence, in commemoration of the great victory on St Lawrence’s Day, Philip sent orders to Spain that a great palace in the shape of a gridiron should be built in the
478:
fought in the
Spanish ranks and his leg was amputated. During his long absence, another soldier famously impersonated him in Guerre's village until he returned in 1560. Sir Philip Sidney's uncle was killed here in 1557.
457:
a permanent distaste for war"; he declined to pursue his advantage, withdrawing to the
Spanish Netherlands to the north, where he had been the Governor since 1555. In 1558, the Habsburgs won again at the
291:
3123:
284:
2253:
1262:
2273:
1188:
3191:
277:
3268:
2738:
2233:
3196:
2283:
728:
3337:
1888:
1246:
17:
3235:
3103:
2207:
885:
2187:
31:
1325:
3342:
2961:
1072:
1923:
1792:
1419:
1415:
440:
3312:
3056:
3051:
2419:
1825:
1468:
921:
3118:
2238:
1107:
3317:
2885:
2202:
2138:
1860:
1840:
1315:
1047:
1010:
854:
3250:
2354:
3322:
2951:
2860:
2258:
1802:
1355:
985:
779:
697:
402:
203:
62:
3327:
3151:
1835:
1319:
1097:
2527:
2462:
3088:
2880:
2667:
2467:
2016:
1951:
1537:
1439:
434:
3006:
2522:
1966:
1850:
3108:
3046:
2845:
2263:
1976:
1956:
1928:
1845:
1820:
1680:
1488:
1395:
1335:
1302:
509:
3071:
2900:
2657:
3223:
3201:
3156:
3098:
3076:
2890:
2662:
2344:
2133:
2118:
1203:
1067:
1020:
406:
173:
2452:
757:
Bonner, E.A. (1992). "Continuing the 'Auld
Alliance' in the Sixteenth Century". In Simpson, Grant G. (ed.).
463:
3093:
3061:
2457:
1893:
1273:
1082:
878:
382:
301:
48:
3081:
2414:
3066:
2966:
2597:
2049:
1981:
950:
459:
365:
2517:
2424:
3332:
3001:
2364:
2011:
1898:
1810:
1782:
1409:
1379:
1184:
1015:
360:
335:
2384:
2339:
2920:
2870:
2728:
2627:
2123:
1996:
1961:
1913:
1815:
1427:
1311:
1000:
970:
965:
320:
56:
1545:
2865:
2748:
2708:
2647:
2642:
2582:
2001:
1991:
1777:
1480:
1391:
1092:
225:
3245:
2324:
1557:
1077:
3307:
2915:
2773:
2617:
2557:
2507:
2409:
2006:
1971:
1918:
1553:
1423:
1387:
1117:
990:
975:
871:
315:
2108:
3206:
2778:
2713:
2217:
2103:
1986:
1946:
1590:
1383:
1042:
1032:
514:("It became the one of St. Quentin") is a Spanish proverbial phrase to describe a big dispute.
355:
330:
2349:
2652:
2062:
1883:
1772:
1711:
1639:
1549:
1250:
930:
3186:
2587:
2374:
2334:
2293:
1267:
3161:
2830:
2793:
2783:
2723:
2622:
2602:
2497:
2309:
2128:
1005:
995:
492:
325:
85:
2687:
2477:
2399:
809:
The Age of Wars of
Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization
8:
3230:
2986:
2971:
2855:
2835:
2788:
2768:
2572:
2567:
2512:
2482:
2248:
1873:
1830:
1787:
1716:
1685:
1456:
1435:
1401:
1307:
1277:
1208:
1052:
1025:
925:
410:
184:
141:
2976:
2677:
2991:
2981:
2956:
2910:
2875:
2733:
2442:
2319:
2192:
1690:
1670:
1330:
1218:
945:
454:
340:
214:
154:
2314:
2243:
3171:
3113:
2946:
2718:
2692:
2682:
2672:
2607:
2562:
2492:
2472:
2447:
2394:
2369:
1634:
1161:
1102:
1057:
916:
850:
775:
693:
686:
453:
After the victory over the French at St. Quentin, "the sight of the battlefield gave
386:
179:
168:
122:
89:
1192:
2803:
2798:
2763:
2743:
2502:
2379:
2278:
2182:
1644:
1484:
3181:
1213:
768:
236:
3246:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
2996:
2936:
2850:
2758:
2632:
2612:
2577:
2359:
2329:
2268:
1878:
1868:
1764:
1649:
1541:
1498:
1258:
1166:
1037:
844:
827:
A Global
Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
798:
Leathes, Stanley (1907). "Habsburg and Valois". In Ward, Adolphus
William (ed.).
345:
188:
2905:
2840:
2753:
2637:
2389:
2212:
2197:
2098:
2072:
2057:
1938:
1533:
1527:
1431:
1198:
1112:
1062:
940:
894:
398:
390:
135:
1345:
3301:
3283:
3270:
2404:
1254:
1171:
980:
475:
430:
withdrawal allowed the
Spanish to defeat the French and capture Montmorency.
3176:
3166:
2895:
2434:
2288:
2113:
1629:
1405:
1087:
935:
426:
269:
2487:
487:
Being extremely pious, Philip II was aware that 10 August is the Feast of
2077:
1903:
1472:
1350:
496:
488:
2067:
543:
England had entered the war at the behest of
Phillip II, on 7 June 1557.
2941:
1675:
955:
1908:
1665:
1565:
1340:
1242:
1176:
2082:
960:
3240:
3211:
1721:
1706:
863:
394:
149:
2177:
1731:
1726:
1503:
422:
3218:
1492:
1156:
261:
10,000 casualties (3,000 killed and 7,000 captured) or 14,000
231:
220:
209:
198:
729:"Se armó la de San Quintín y el origen de otras expresiones"
1561:
1476:
692:(Paperback ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1454:
717:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 53.
607:
605:
603:
601:
653:
588:
586:
561:
559:
1209:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
665:
846:
A History of the Art of War in the
Sixteenth Century
641:
598:
836:
Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire
825:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010). "August 10, 1557".
629:
583:
556:
444:
Anonymous view of the 1557 battle of Saint-Quentin.
767:
685:
617:
571:
30:For other conflicts that are similarly known, see
3299:
1753:
1398:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
879:
507:
285:
1073:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
405:defeated a French army under the command of
299:
802:. Vol. 10. Cambridge University Press.
886:
872:
811:. Vol. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group.
677:
482:
292:
278:
3192:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
381:of 1557 was a decisive engagement of the
3197:Colonial universities in the Philippines
439:
411:Anne de Montmorency, Duke of Montmorency
2188:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
797:
791:Guarino Guarini's Theatine Architecture
788:
735:(in Spanish). Europa Press. 12 May 2014
715:Imprudent King: A new life of Philip II
659:
647:
469:
189:
14:
3300:
3141:
833:
824:
815:
759:The Scottish Soldier Abroad, 1247–1967
756:
712:
706:
671:
635:
611:
592:
61:French surrender to the Duke of Savoy
3140:
3036:
3035:
2159:
2037:
1752:
1611:
1579:
1516:
1453:
1368:
1291:
1231:
1145:
1134:
906:
905:
867:
806:
765:
683:
623:
565:
273:
1469:Captaincy General of the Philippines
961:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
842:
577:
499:, it was finally completed in 1584.
27:Part of the Italian War of 1551–1559
3338:Military history of Hauts-de-France
3172:Indochristian painting in New Spain
1292:
24:
2139:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
1612:
893:
721:
25:
3354:
1369:
1232:
1113:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
3224:Criollos in the colonial society
3152:Spanish missions in the Americas
2274:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
230:
219:
208:
197:
178:
167:
148:
129:
115:
55:
3251:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
1135:
818:España y la rebelión de Flandes
435:Saint-Quentin collegiate church
425:took place on the Feast Day of
1580:
1303:Captaincy General of Guatemala
1011:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
537:
524:
495:northwest of Madrid. Known as
13:
1:
3202:General Archive of the Indies
2463:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
2134:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
2119:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
1068:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
1021:War of the Spanish Succession
986:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
684:Davis, Natalie Zemon (1983).
550:
502:
2160:
1274:Captaincy General of Yucatan
1204:Union with Holy Roman Empire
1183:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
1098:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
849:. E.P. Dutton. p. 598.
800:The Cambridge Modern History
793:. Columbia University Press.
448:
7:
3313:Battles of the Italian Wars
2038:
1754:Administrative subdivisions
951:War of the League of Cognac
838:. Harvard University Press.
761:. Rowman & Littlefield.
688:The Return of Martin Guerre
437:was badly damaged by fire.
403:Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy
18:Battle of St Quentin (1557)
10:
3359:
2468:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
2453:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
2355:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
1517:
1253:), Western United States (
1146:
1016:Portuguese Restoration War
750:
464:Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
29:
3318:Battles involving England
3236:Slavery in Spanish Empire
3147:
3136:
3042:
3031:
2929:
2823:
2816:
2701:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2523:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
2433:
2302:
2264:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
2226:
2170:
2166:
2155:
2124:Barcelona Trading Company
2091:
2048:
2044:
2033:
1937:
1889:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
1859:
1801:
1763:
1759:
1748:
1699:
1658:
1622:
1618:
1607:
1586:
1523:
1464:
1396:Venezuela, part of Guyana
1375:
1298:
1249:, Central United States (
1238:
1152:
1141:
1130:
981:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
966:Expulsion of the Moriscos
912:
901:
834:Wilson, Peter H. (2016).
829:. Vol. II. ABC-CLIO.
816:Parker, Geoffrey (1989).
807:Nolan, Cathal J. (2006).
774:. Yale University Press.
713:Parker, Geoffrey (2014).
510:Se armó la de San Quintín
416:
311:
255:
242:
160:
108:
68:
54:
46:
41:
3343:Italian War of 1551–1559
3323:Battles involving France
3177:Quito painting tradition
3167:Cusco painting tradition
2528:García López de Cárdenas
2518:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
2425:Felipe González de Ahedo
2345:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
922:Conquest of the Americas
517:
383:Italian War of 1551–1559
303:Italian War of 1551–1559
49:Italian War of 1551–1559
3328:Battles involving Spain
2962:Comuneros (New Granada)
2739:Balearic Islands (1558)
2458:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
2385:Ruy López de Villalobos
2340:Miguel López de Legazpi
2254:García de Toledo Osorio
1118:Western Sahara conflict
1108:Independence of Morocco
1048:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
991:Piracy in the Caribbean
976:French Wars of Religion
789:Klaiber, Susan (1993).
483:Feast of Saint Lawrence
466:ended the war in 1559.
379:Battle of Saint-Quentin
204:Duke Emmanuel Philibert
3207:Colonial Spanish Horse
2881:Colonia del Sacramento
2104:Spanish treasure fleet
1681:Royal Decree of Graces
843:Oman, Charles (1937).
508:
445:
433:During the battle the
393:, at Saint-Quentin in
161:Commanders and leaders
2365:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
2325:Juan Sebastián Elcano
1640:Council of the Indies
1001:Spanish–Moro conflict
971:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
931:Treaty of Tordesillas
766:Kamen, Henry (1997).
443:
256:Casualties and losses
100:Anglo-Spanish victory
42:Battle of St. Quentin
32:Battle of St. Quentin
3162:Mesoamerican Codices
2886:Comuneros (Paraguay)
2724:Siege of Castelnuovo
2310:Christopher Columbus
2129:Consulate of the Sea
2109:Casa de Contratación
1700:Titles and positions
1093:Spanish–American War
1083:Liberal constitution
926:Asia and the Pacific
493:Guadarrama Mountains
470:Notable participants
460:Battle of Gravelines
3280: /
2891:Cartagena de Indias
2513:Diego de Mazariegos
2483:Pere Fages i Beleta
2350:Sebastián de Ocampo
1831:Provincias Internas
1803:Captaincies General
1717:Municipal president
1686:School of Salamanca
1457:Spanish East Indies
1436:Misiones Orientales
1308:Spanish West Indies
1272:, Central America (
1219:Pyrénées-Orientales
1172:Union with Portugal
1063:Napoleonic invasion
1043:War of Jenkins' Ear
185:Anne de Montmorency
142:Seventeen Provinces
3284:49.8486°N 3.2864°E
3187:Academia Antártica
3142:Other civil topics
2508:Pánfilo de Narváez
2410:Sebastián Vizcaíno
2375:Andrés de Urdaneta
2335:Juan Ponce de León
2320:Ferdinand Magellan
2294:Bernardo de Gálvez
2193:Indian auxiliaries
1691:Trial of residence
1671:Laws of the Indies
1455:Asia and Oceania (
1316:Dominican Republic
733:www.europapress.es
446:
215:Ferrante I Gonzaga
155:Kingdom of England
63:Emanuele Filiberto
3333:Conflicts in 1557
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3132:
3131:
3037:Spanish conquests
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
2812:
2811:
2493:Pedro de Alvarado
2478:Gaspar de Portolà
2473:Pedro de Valdivia
2448:Francisco Pizarro
2400:Nicolás de Ovando
2395:Alonso de Ercilla
2370:Alonso de Salazar
2203:Ships of the line
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1575:
1574:
1532:Northern Africa (
1528:Equatorial Guinea
1512:
1511:
1449:
1448:
1364:
1363:
1287:
1286:
1278:Spanish Caribbean
1251:Spanish Louisiana
1227:
1226:
1162:Crown of Castille
1126:
1125:
1103:Spanish Civil War
1078:Adams–Onís Treaty
1058:Nootka Convention
1006:Thirty Years' War
996:Eighty Years' War
917:Catholic Monarchs
907:Timeline–immersed
407:Louis de Gonzague
401:force under Duke
387:Kingdom of France
374:
373:
268:
267:
174:Louis de Gonzague
123:Kingdom of France
104:
103:
16:(Redirected from
3350:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3138:
3137:
3104:Chibchan Nations
3033:
3032:
3002:Santiago de Cuba
2861:Guadalupe Island
2821:
2820:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2503:Diego de Almagro
2380:Antonio de Ulloa
2284:Ambrosio Spinola
2279:Pedro de Zubiaur
2249:Alfonso d'Avalos
2239:Antonio de Leyva
2183:Army of Flanders
2168:
2167:
2157:
2156:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2034:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1620:
1619:
1609:
1608:
1577:
1576:
1550:Peñón of Algiers
1514:
1513:
1451:
1450:
1366:
1365:
1289:
1288:
1271:
1229:
1228:
1143:
1142:
1132:
1131:
1053:Seven Years' War
1026:Queen Anne's War
903:
902:
888:
881:
874:
865:
864:
860:
839:
830:
821:
812:
803:
794:
785:
773:
762:
745:
744:
742:
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725:
719:
718:
710:
704:
703:
691:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
596:
590:
581:
575:
569:
563:
544:
541:
535:
528:
513:
399:Habsburg Spanish
306:
304:
294:
287:
280:
271:
270:
235:
234:
224:
223:
213:
212:
202:
201:
191:
183:
182:
172:
171:
153:
152:
134:
133:
132:
121:
119:
118:
70:
69:
59:
39:
38:
21:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3298:
3297:
3289:49.8486; 3.2864
3288:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3255:
3231:Old inquisition
3143:
3128:
3038:
3011:
2967:Trinidad (1797)
2937:La Noche Triste
2925:
2921:San Juan (1797)
2871:San Juan (1595)
2808:
2697:
2537:Notable battles
2532:
2498:Martín de Ursúa
2429:
2360:Alonso de Ojeda
2330:Juan de la Cosa
2315:Pinzón brothers
2298:
2269:John of Austria
2244:Martín de Goiti
2222:
2162:
2143:
2087:
2040:
2021:
1933:
1929:Terra Australis
1924:Río de la Plata
1869:Castilla de Oro
1855:
1797:
1793:Río de la Plata
1755:
1736:
1695:
1654:
1650:Santa Hermandad
1614:
1595:
1591:Terra Australis
1582:
1571:
1538:Spanish Morocco
1519:
1508:
1499:Northern Taiwan
1460:
1445:
1416:Río de la Plata
1371:
1360:
1294:
1293:Central America
1283:
1265:
1234:
1223:
1167:Crown of Aragon
1148:
1137:
1122:
1038:Bourbon Reforms
908:
897:
892:
857:
782:
770:Philip of Spain
753:
748:
738:
736:
727:
726:
722:
711:
707:
700:
682:
678:
670:
666:
658:
654:
646:
642:
634:
630:
622:
618:
610:
599:
591:
584:
576:
572:
564:
557:
553:
548:
547:
542:
538:
532:Philip of Spain
529:
525:
520:
505:
485:
472:
451:
419:
375:
370:
307:
302:
300:
298:
229:
228:
226:Count of Egmont
218:
217:
207:
206:
196:
177:
176:
166:
147:
146:
130:
128:
116:
114:
92:
60:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3356:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3308:1557 in France
3261:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3047:Canary Islands
3043:
3040:
3039:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2901:Túpac Amaru II
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Bogotá savanna
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2754:Spanish Armada
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2648:White Mountain
2645:
2643:Cape Celidonia
2640:
2638:English Armada
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2415:Juan Fernández
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:Diego Columbus
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2218:Army of Africa
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2198:Spanish Armada
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:Manila galleon
2095:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2042:
2041:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1757:
1756:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1613:Administration
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1534:Western Sahara
1530:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1432:Banda Oriental
1413:
1399:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1247:Coastal Alaska
1239:
1236:
1235:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
919:
913:
910:
909:
899:
898:
895:Spanish Empire
891:
890:
883:
876:
868:
862:
861:
856:978-0598497574
855:
840:
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
786:
780:
763:
752:
749:
747:
746:
720:
705:
698:
676:
674:, p. 742.
664:
662:, p. 186.
652:
640:
628:
616:
614:, p. 518.
597:
582:
580:, p. 255.
570:
568:, p. 756.
554:
552:
549:
546:
545:
536:
522:
521:
519:
516:
504:
501:
484:
481:
474:The Frenchman
471:
468:
450:
447:
418:
415:
391:Spanish Empire
372:
371:
369:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
312:
309:
308:
297:
296:
289:
282:
274:
266:
265:
262:
258:
257:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
240:
239:
194:
163:
162:
158:
157:
145:
144:
136:Spanish Empire
125:
111:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
84:
82:
78:
77:
76:10 August 1557
74:
66:
65:
52:
51:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3355:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3296:
3293:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:Tapada limeña
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3034:
3030:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:Montes Claros
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:Vienna (1529)
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Hernán Cortés
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2435:Conquistadors
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2405:Juan de Ayala
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:Duke of Savoy
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2154:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Dollar (Peso)
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2018:
2017:Santo Domingo
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1894:New Andalusia
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:Santo Domingo
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1765:Viceroyalties
1762:
1758:
1751:
1747:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1606:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1515:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1370:South America
1367:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1290:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:Spanish Texas
1252:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1233:North America
1230:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:Franche-Comté
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
911:
904:
900:
896:
889:
884:
882:
877:
875:
870:
869:
866:
858:
852:
848:
847:
841:
837:
832:
828:
823:
819:
814:
810:
805:
801:
796:
792:
787:
783:
781:9780300070811
777:
772:
771:
764:
760:
755:
754:
734:
730:
724:
716:
709:
701:
699:0-674-76691-1
695:
690:
689:
680:
673:
668:
661:
656:
650:, p. 92.
649:
644:
638:, p. 41.
637:
632:
626:, p. 28.
625:
620:
613:
608:
606:
604:
602:
595:, p. 35.
594:
589:
587:
579:
574:
567:
562:
560:
555:
540:
533:
530:Henry Kamen,
527:
523:
515:
512:
511:
500:
498:
494:
490:
480:
477:
476:Martin Guerre
467:
465:
461:
456:
442:
438:
436:
431:
428:
424:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
310:
305:
295:
290:
288:
283:
281:
276:
275:
272:
263:
260:
259:
254:
251:50,000–80,000
250:
247:
246:
241:
238:
237:Julián Romero
233:
227:
222:
216:
211:
205:
200:
195:
192:
186:
181:
175:
170:
165:
164:
159:
156:
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143:
140:
139:
138:
137:
126:
124:
113:
112:
107:
99:
96:
95:
91:
87:
86:Saint-Quentin
83:
80:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
58:
53:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3265:
3157:Architecture
3052:The Americas
2916:Newfoundland
2906:Túpac Katari
2896:Cuerno Verde
2831:Tenochtitlan
2663:Valenciennes
2592:
2420:Luis Fajardo
2289:Blas de Lezo
2234:Duke of Alba
2114:Spanish Road
1952:Buenos Aires
1861:Governorates
1630:Ayuntamiento
1623:Organization
1088:Carlist Wars
936:Italian Wars
845:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
790:
769:
758:
737:. Retrieved
732:
723:
714:
708:
687:
679:
667:
660:Klaiber 1993
655:
648:Leathes 1907
643:
631:
619:
573:
539:
531:
526:
506:
486:
473:
452:
432:
427:St. Lawrence
420:
385:between the
378:
376:
350:
127:
109:Belligerents
47:Part of the
36:
3287: /
3124:Philippines
3089:El Salvador
2709:Capo d'Orso
2593:St. Quentin
2568:Rome (1527)
2227:Strategists
1977:Guadalajara
1904:New Navarre
1899:New Castile
1884:La Luisiana
1836:Puerto Rico
1826:Philippines
1783:New Granada
1473:Philippines
1434:(Uruguay),
1430:(Bolivia),
1380:New Granada
1320:Puerto Rico
1266: [
1136:Territories
956:Encomiendas
672:Wilson 2016
636:Parker 1989
612:Tucker 2010
593:Bonner 1992
497:El Escorial
489:St Lawrence
351:St. Quentin
3302:Categories
3272:49°50′55″N
2794:Somosierra
2784:Manila Bay
2658:Nördlingen
2598:Gravelines
2078:Columnario
2050:Currencies
1967:Concepción
1939:Audiencias
1914:New Toledo
1879:La Florida
1712:Corregidor
1676:Papal bull
1581:Antarctica
1489:Micronesia
946:Golden Age
739:10 January
624:Kamen 1997
566:Nolan 2006
551:References
503:In culture
366:Gravelines
361:Thionville
3275:3°17′11″E
3099:Nicaragua
3077:Guatemala
2987:Pichincha
2972:Chacabuco
2911:Pensacola
2856:Mataquito
2836:Cajamarca
2817:New World
2789:Trafalgar
2693:Alhucemas
2573:Landriano
2558:Comuneros
2544:Old World
2488:Joan Orpí
2208:Royalists
1982:Guatemala
1909:New Spain
1846:Venezuela
1821:Guatemala
1778:New Spain
1773:Columbian
1666:Exequatur
1566:Cape Juby
1420:Argentina
1243:New Spain
1177:Gibraltar
941:Habsburgs
578:Oman 1937
449:Aftermath
321:Mirandola
3109:Colombia
3094:Honduras
3007:Asomante
2992:Ayacucho
2982:Carabobo
2957:Curalaba
2734:Ceresole
2628:Gembloux
2588:Mühlberg
2303:Mariners
2161:Military
2083:Doubloon
2068:Maravedí
2012:Santiago
1919:Paraguay
1645:Germania
1485:Caroline
1440:Malvinas
1424:Paraguay
1384:Colombia
1326:Trinidad
1193:Sardinia
1033:Bourbons
820:. Nerea.
389:and the
341:Marciano
243:Strength
81:Location
3241:Asiento
3212:Mustang
3072:Yucatán
3067:Chiapas
2947:Tucapel
2779:Passaro
2729:Algiers
2719:Preveza
2688:Tetouan
2683:Vitoria
2673:Bitonto
2613:Antwerp
2608:Lepanto
2563:Bicocca
2039:Economy
1962:Charcas
1957:Caracas
1851:Yucatán
1722:Regidor
1707:Alcalde
1635:Cabildo
1542:Tripoli
1481:Mariana
1428:Charcas
1404:(Peru,
1388:Ecuador
1351:Bonaire
1346:Curazao
1331:Jamaica
1259:Florida
751:Sources
395:Picardy
336:Corsica
316:Tripoli
187: (
3219:Castas
2977:Boyacá
2952:Guiana
2942:Iguape
2866:Recife
2804:Mactan
2799:Annual
2764:Rocroi
2759:Leiden
2744:Djerba
2678:Bailén
2633:Ostend
2618:Azores
2213:Legión
2178:Tercio
2171:Armies
2073:Escudo
2002:Panamá
1997:Mexico
1992:Manila
1947:Bogotá
1732:Vecino
1727:Syndic
1558:Béjaïa
1518:Africa
1504:Tidore
1392:Panama
1356:Belize
1263:Mexico
1189:Sicily
1185:Naples
1147:Europe
853:
778:
696:
462:. The
455:Philip
423:battle
417:Battle
409:, and
356:Calais
248:26,000
120:
97:Result
90:France
3114:Chile
3082:Petén
3057:Aztec
2876:Bahia
2851:Penco
2841:Cusco
2769:Downs
2749:Tunis
2668:Ceuta
2653:Breda
2603:Malta
2583:Tunis
2578:Pavia
2092:Trade
2007:Quito
1972:Cusco
1811:Chile
1546:Tunis
1493:Palau
1410:Chile
1341:Aruba
1336:Haiti
1270:]
1199:Milan
1157:Spain
518:Notes
346:Renty
331:Ponza
264:1,000
3119:Inca
3062:Maya
2997:Guam
2930:Lost
2702:Lost
2623:Mons
2063:Real
1987:Lima
1874:Cuba
1816:Cuba
1788:Perú
1564:and
1562:Ifni
1554:Oran
1477:Guam
1406:Acre
1402:Peru
1312:Cuba
1191:and
851:ISBN
776:ISBN
741:2022
694:ISBN
421:The
397:. A
377:The
326:Metz
73:Date
2824:Won
2551:Won
1659:Law
1556:,
1276:),
1257:),
190:POW
3304::
1560:,
1552:,
1548:,
1544:,
1540:,
1536:,
1491:,
1487:,
1483:,
1479:,
1475:,
1438:,
1426:,
1422:,
1408:,
1394:,
1390:,
1386:,
1318:,
1314:,
1268:es
1261:,
1187:,
924:,
731:.
600:^
585:^
558:^
413:.
88:,
1568:)
1495:)
1471:(
1459:)
1442:)
1418:(
1412:)
1382:(
1322:)
1310:(
1280:)
1245:(
1195:)
887:e
880:t
873:v
859:.
784:.
743:.
702:.
293:e
286:t
279:v
193:)
34:.
20:)
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