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fought again with varying outcomes. Thanks to the shifting of forces from the north, the numerical advantage of the Reds was constantly growing, and the morale of the White
Cossacks was falling, with some of them going over to the side of the Bolsheviks or abandoning the army entirely. At the beginning of 1919, the Red Southern Front numbered 117,000 soldiers, 2,040 machine guns and 460 cannons, which was one fourth of the entire Red Army. On the other side, Krasnov still commanded a force of 50,000 soldiers in November 1918, but in February 1919 only 15,000 Cossacks remained with him.
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agitation purposes. According to
Anatoly Nosovich, a Red Army defector, Stalin "frequently remarked in arguments over the military arts if the most talented commander in the world lacked politically conscious soldiers properly prepared by agitation, then, believe me, he would not be able to do anything against revolutionaries who were small in number but highly motivated."
1279:, to coordinate an attack on the city. However, they did not consider its occupation to be a priority either. Denikin was aware of the fact that the Cossacks were only interested in mastering a specific area, and that they would not want to fight the Bolsheviks outside of it. The Volunteer Army headed in the opposite direction, deep into Kuban, capturing it in late 1918.
1213:, a brawl broke out at a meeting of the North Caucasus Military Council, and two days later, against the will of the high command, Voroshilov was appointed commander of the Front. Trotsky and Vācietis demanded that Stalin be deprived of his post as commissar and that Voroshilov be brought before a military tribunal. In response, Stalin sent telegrams to
1621:
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were not interested in the situation on other fronts of the civil war. While the
Bolsheviks directed the best forces at their disposal to Tsaritsyn, understanding the importance of this center, the Cossacks were primarily concerned with conquering the northern part of the Don region, which was not so important in the broader context of the war.
1459:. Wrangel retreated to the outskirts of Tsaritsyn, where he successfully defended himself against Shorin's forces, inflicting heavy losses on them. After six weeks of fighting, they were only able to passively defend. Shorin's intention to regroup and continue his march on Tsaritsyn was finally thwarted by
1206:. By mid-October the city was almost completely surrounded and the only advantage the Reds had was in artillery, which allowed them to keep control over the city. A conflict immediately broke out in Tsaritsyn between Stalin and Voroshilov on the one hand, and Trotsky, Vācietis and Sytin on the other.
1139:
The Don
Cossacks launched their first attack on Tsaritsyn in late August 1918, but this offensive was repulsed by mid-September. The Bolsheviks, in turn, organized a counter-offensive along the three railway lines leaving the city. Although initially successful, the counter-offensive was halted after
1423:
However, the renovation of the railway from Kuban to
Tsaritsyn allowed the Whites to transport tanks, delivered by the British. On 30 June 1919, Wrangel's forces entered the city, taking 40,000 red prisoners and seizing supplies and ammunition cars. On 3 July 1919, at the victory parade of Wrangel's
1263:
Krasnov was now largely unable to convince the
Cossacks to fight outside the Don region, but with difficulty persuaded them to lead troops to the cities located on the outskirts of the Don. The civilian Cossack leaders and their mid-level military commanders, and even Krasnov's closest associates,
1502:
The executions and the alleged plots were broadcast in newspapers in an attempt to galvanize the public. That may have been the first instance revealing the future leader's proclivity to unveiling numerous plots and conspiracies and entangling the victims into fabricated and publicized trials for
1486:
carried out a ruthless repression campaign targeting those deemed to be bourgeoisie, clergy, intelligentsia or tsarist officers, many of whom had answered a local appeal to join the Red Army. Those who questioned the policy were also suppressed. Stalin, having been granted military powers in the
1282:
By the end of
November 1918, thanks to the reorganization and growing numerical superiority of the Red Army, the Soviets gained an advantage over the forces of Krasnov. Nevertheless, in December 1918 the Cossacks managed to surround Tsaritsyn again. In January 1919, battles around the city were
1235:
Over the course of the battle, Stalin had regularly disobeyed Moscow's orders, illegally confiscating supplies sent from Moscow through
Tsaritsyn towards the Caucasus. In November 1918, Stalin was recalled from Tsaritsyn due to his insubordination and left the city after the siege was lifted. A
1232:) marched from the North Caucasus towards Tsaritsyn. On 15 October, Zhloba's division struck Krasnov's forces in a surprise attack, breaking the siege. After these events, Zhloba's division was incorporated into the 10th Army. By the end of the month, the Cossacks were forced to resign.
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and other tsarist officers and specialists who were already serving in the Red Army and had them detained on a barge on the Volga River. The eventual fate of the prisoners was starvation or execution except for
Snesarev, who was freed on Trotsky's orders and reassigned elsewhere.
1337:
from
Ukraine and attacks by the Red forces, the defeats of the Don Cossacks near Tsaritsyn forced them to subordinate to the command of the Volunteer Army. On 19 February 1919, Pyotr Krasnov took command, handing it over to
1026:
was established in the region. Over the following months, the strategic importance of Tsaritsyn grew even more: by controlling the city, the Reds not only prevented the counter-revolutionary forces of the
502:
952:, which successfully captured the city. In turn, between August 1919 and January 1920, the Whites defended the city against the Bolsheviks. Tsaritsyn was finally conquered by the Reds in early 1920.
1132:
were able to mobilize 40,000 men, equal in size but better trained than the Red troops present in the region. By the end of July, the Cossacks had cut the railway line towards Tsaritsyn and the
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1290:, a former tsarist officer. and one of the most talented Red commanders during the civil war. At the end of January 1919, the position of commander of the Southern Front was taken by
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arrived in the city and quickly joined the command of the local forces, despite having initially been sent to obtain grain for Moscow. Together, Voroshilov and Stalin established the
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Stalin interfered with matters beyond his competence and urged Voroshilov to ignore Sytin's orders. When on 29 September 1918 Sytin arrived in Tsaritsyn from his headquarters in
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At this same time, a second Cossack offensive began under the general command of Pyotr Krasnov, and with the participation of a group of 50,000 cavalry under the command of
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to obtain fuel, money, fuel, train and had his transport commissariat, N.P. Alekseev, shot along with his two sons without a trial in connection with an alleged plot.
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1416:, after several months of fighting. In May, Yegorov's 10th Army retreated in disarray towards the east, while in mid-June the Kuban Cossacks under the command of
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1172:. It was still commanded by Voroshilov, but the Bolsheviks reorganized the entire Southern Front, putting at its head the former Tsarist general
720:
948:: July–September 1918, September–October 1918, and January–February 1919. Another attempt to conquer Tsaritsyn was made in May–June 1919 by the
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1062:. He began to assemble an army to defend Tsaritsyn, consisting of local troops and formations that had managed to retreat to the city from the
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1452:. However, the lack of reserves and supplies and insufficient support from the Kuban Cossacks forced Wrangel to withdraw to Tsaritsyn.
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1518:'s participation in the defense of Tsaritsyn, the battles for the city were among the events of the civil war most widely portrayed in
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from joining together, but also gave them the opportunity to redeploy forces from the north towards White-held areas in
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A little over two decades later the city would once again be a battlefield, this time for the decisive battle of the
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and remained in the hands of the Reds, was besieged three times by anti-Bolshevik Don Cossacks under the command of
2458:
Churchill's Secret War with Lenin: British and Commonwealth Military Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1918-20
1071:
1506:
The local Soviet attempted to investigate the ongoing arrests and executions but was told off by the local Cheka.
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bolstered White military power, while another Cossack uprising had broken out on the Don in response to the
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would pose a greater threat to the Soviet government in Moscow than the potential collapse of Tsaritsyn.
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had seized a number of towns en route to the city, completely surrounding the Red forces in Tsaritsyn.
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1294:. Under his command, until the end of April this year, the forces of the Southern Front (mainly the
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In August, the Red Army command entrusted the task of recapturing the city to a strike group under
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Stalin had also intrigued to confiscate from his colleagues K.E. Makhrovsky, who had been sent by
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1639:
Denikin and Wrangel during a Tsaritsyn parade with Armed Forces of South Russia in July 1919
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in order to rally the defense of the city and centralise control over all Red forces in
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959:", was one of the most widely described and commemorated events of the Civil War in
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By the summer of 1919, supplies of arms and ammunition delivered to the Whites in
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into the rear of the Red Army, to which Shorin had to direct some of his troops.
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White Army armoured train "United Russia" on its way towards the city, June 1919
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Towards the end of September, as part of a broader reorganization of the entire
1444:, the Caucasian Army, led by Wrangel, marched out of Tsaritsyn, passed through
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On 26 December 1918, Voroshilov was replaced as commander of the 10th Army by
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became a powerful revolutionary center. The city, situated on the lower
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Local citizens welcome Denikin and officers to the city on 1 July 1919
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to occupy the cities bordering the Don Republic, including Tsaritsyn,
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took part in the defense of the city between July and November 1918.
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1526:. In 1925, the name of the city was even changed to "Stalingrad".
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2432:
The "Russian" Civil Wars 1916-1926. Ten Years That Shook the World
1651:
999:. It was through Tsaritsyn that the supplies of food and oil from
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1420:
carried out a cavalry assault on Tsaritsyn, which was repulsed.
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campaign. Red army commanders on the Southern Front, apart from
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The city, which had been an important center of support for the
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In 1937, the battles for Tsaritsyn acted as the background for
1319:
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Red Advance, White Defeat. Civil War in South Russia 1919-1920
1243:
2513:
Battles of the Russian Civil War involving the United Kingdom
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1483:
1470:
On 3 January 1920, Tsaritsyn was definitively retaken by the
1128:
From May to July 1918, the Don Cossacks under the command of
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992:
2265:
Red Attack, White Resistance; Civil War in South Russia 1918
1795:
1793:
1424:
forces in Tsaritsyn, Denikin announced the beginning of the
1448:(also in White hands), and in early August was approaching
1078:. The army that Voroshilov assembled eventually became the
1047:, another significant center controlled by the Bolsheviks.
1015:. The city also played host to large ammunition factories.
1000:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1400:
In May-June 1919, the Whites won a series of victories in
1267:
Krasnov therefore tried to convince the commanders of the
1168:, the Red forces in Tsaritsyn were officially renamed the
510:
2240:
Bolsheviks in the Ukraine. The Second Campaign, 1918-1919
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1904:
1817:
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1723:
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1436:
The Reds recapture Tsaritsyn (August 1919 – January 1920)
1350:
would join with the Volunteer Army to become part of the
1007:, and the railroad running through the city provided the
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2024:
1973:
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1310:) carried out an offensive that ended with a rebound at
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two weeks, when the Whites received reinforcements from
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city, proceeded to arrest the current Red Army general
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and Alexander Yegorov, turned out to be incompetent.
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1591:
Mitrofan Grekov's painting of an attack in Tsaritsyn
1123:
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1377:, after the White capture of the city 30 June 1919.
16:
Part of the Southern Front of the Russian Civil War
2523:Battles involving the Armed Forces of South Russia
2493:Battles of the Russian Civil War involving Ukraine
1679:
1603:Painting of the Red Army on their way to Tsaritsyn
1054:of the Red Army was brought under the command of
1043:and the North Caucasus. Tsaritsyn also protected
2484:
1236:little later Sytin lost his own position, and
1224:'s 15,000-strong Steel Division (then part of
2358:(in Polish). Translated by Monika Popławska.
955:The defense of Tsaritsyn, nicknamed the "Red
496:
1220:Against the orders of the Red Army command,
2498:Battles involving Soviet Russia (1917–1922)
2267:. Washington, DC: New Academia Publishing.
1322:, with the prospect of marching on towards
1244:Third siege (December 1918 – February 1919)
130:victory in 1919; Bolshevik victory in 1920
2421:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1366:Pyotr Wrangel heads the victory parade at
503:
489:
1568:dramatized the events in a two-part film
917:was a military confrontation between the
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1160:, coordinated by its commander-in-chief
137:Red Army recaptures city in January 1920
1482:During the battle, the locally-created
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995:, was of strategic importance for the
933:), a significant city and port on the
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2110:
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1962:
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1408:from the Ukrainian Soviet capital of
1152:Second siege (September–October 1918)
987:, the heavily industrialized city of
484:
134:White Army captures city in June 1919
2518:Battles involving the Volunteer Army
1358:Whites capture Tsaritsyn (June 1919)
23:. For the World War II battle, see
13:
1314:and reaching the line between the
14:
2534:
1440:As part of the White campaign to
1124:First siege (July–September 1918)
1022:collapsed and the anti-communist
1632:
1620:
1608:
1596:
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1541:. In 1961, the city was renamed
1072:North Caucasus Military District
971:. This was due to the fact that
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726:Southern Front counteroffensive
72:(1 year and 6 months)
2356:Wojna domowa w Rosji 1917–1920
1477:
1009:Council of People's Commissars
929:for control of Tsaritsyn (now
1:
2503:Military history of Volgograd
1644:
1240:was appointed in his place.
1198:in the trenches of Tsaritsyn,
1066:and Donbas. That same month,
978:
885:Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict
472:
459:
1352:Armed Forces of South Russia
1217:complaining about Trotsky.
381:Armed Forces of South Russia
7:
2301:: New Academia Publishing.
1342:and agreeing that the Don,
1333:After the departure of the
1164:and the military commissar
10:
2539:
2385:Overy, Richard J. (1996).
2318:Stalin: Paradoxes of Power
1577:
1368:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
1146:offensive against Voronezh
21:Battle of Tsaritsyn (1774)
18:
1509:
1308:2nd Ukrainian Soviet Army
522:
446:
366:
258:
147:
62:
51:
39:
34:
19:For the 1774 battle, see
2316:Kotkin, Stephen (2014).
1571:The Defense of Tsaritsyn
1144:. The possibility of an
937:in southwestern Russia.
515:of the Russian Civil War
70:July 1918 – January 1920
2456:Wright, Damien (2017).
1426:White advance on Moscow
1082:of the Southern Front.
1058:, a revolutionary from
58:A 1913 map of Tsaritsyn
2263:Kenez, Peter (2004a).
2238:Adams, Arthur (1963).
1378:
1260:
1199:
766:Pavlohrad–Katerynoslav
259:Commanders and leaders
2430:Smele, J. D. (2015).
2248:Yale University Press
1520:Soviet historiography
1365:
1335:Austro-Hungarian Army
1251:
1182:
1011:with supporters from
961:Soviet historiography
696:Vyoshenskaya Uprising
2460:. Solihull: Helion.
1925:, pp. 309–310;
1783:, pp. 301–303;
1539:Battle of Stalingrad
1395:Mikhail Tukhachevsky
793:Rostov–Novocherkassk
25:Battle of Stalingrad
2195:, pp. 302–304.
2057:, pp. 121–123.
2033:, pp. 122–123.
1913:, pp. 309–310.
1873:, pp. 309–310.
1802:, pp. 173–175.
1787:, pp. 121–122.
1461:Konstantin Mamontov
1428:before the Icon of
1255:, commander of the
1204:Konstantin Mamontov
1020:Don Soviet Republic
915:Battle of Tsaritsyn
756:Voronezh–Kastornoye
634:Allied intervention
103: /
35:Battle of Tsaritsyn
2440:C. Hurst & Co.
2387:Why the Allies Won
1869:, pp. 46–47;
1826:, p. 173-174.
1474:of the Red Army.
1472:Southwestern Front
1379:
1261:
1200:
1192:Kliment Voroshilov
1092:convinced the Don
1056:Kliment Voroshilov
1050:In June 1918, the
985:Russian Revolution
942:October Revolution
701:Alexandrovsky Fort
651:Katerynoslav March
306:Kliment Voroshilov
2369:978-83-11-11638-2
1857:, pp. 46–47.
1566:Vasilyev brothers
1547:Nikita Khrushchev
1430:Our Lady of Kazan
1404:, displacing the
1391:De-Cossackization
1340:Afrikan Bogaewsky
1288:Alexander Yegorov
1037:Orenburg Cossacks
1018:In May 1918, the
927:Russian Civil War
910:
909:
865:Dagestan uprising
741:Advance on Moscow
681:Hryhoriv Uprising
656:Northern Caucasus
646:Voronezh–Povorino
479:
478:
143:
142:
107:48.700°N 44.517°E
46:Russian Civil War
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1414:capturing Donbas
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1277:Mikhail Alekseev
870:Tambov Rebellion
860:Northern Taurida
845:Ulagay's Landing
691:Chapan rebellion
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63:
56:
32:
31:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2483:
2482:
2468:
2449:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2370:
2336:
2309:
2275:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2155:, p. 220;
2151:
2147:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1969:
1961:
1950:
1942:
1933:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1791:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1752:
1744:, p. 173;
1740:
1736:
1728:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1660:, p. 121;
1656:
1652:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1628:
1625:
1616:
1613:
1604:
1601:
1592:
1589:
1580:
1564:. In 1942, the
1512:
1489:Andrei Snesarev
1480:
1438:
1402:eastern Ukraine
1370:
1360:
1304:13th Red Armies
1292:Vladimir Gittis
1259:, at the front.
1246:
1238:Pēteris Slavens
1196:Efim Shchadenko
1186:'s painting of
1184:Mitrofan Grekov
1162:Jukums Vācietis
1154:
1126:
981:
911:
906:
875:Perekop–Chonhar
850:Obytichnyi Spit
706:Bender Uprising
671:Khotyn Uprising
518:
514:
511:
509:
467:
465:
454:
452:
427:
425:
412:
410:
400:
398:
388:
386:
375:
373:
355:
353:
352:
344:
342:
341:
333:
331:
330:
328:Andrei Snesarev
322:
320:
319:
311:
309:
308:
300:
298:
288:
286:
285:
277:
275:
274:
266:
264:
243:
231:
210:
208:
188:
186:
176:
174:
164:
162:
111:
109:
105:
102:
97:
94:
92:
90:
89:
88:
71:
57:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2508:1918 in Russia
2505:
2500:
2495:
2481:
2480:
2466:
2453:
2447:
2427:
2399:
2382:
2368:
2352:Mawdsley, Evan
2348:
2334:
2313:
2307:
2287:
2273:
2260:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:, p. 306.
2214:
2212:, p. 305.
2197:
2185:
2183:, p. 302.
2173:
2171:, p. 277.
2161:
2159:, p. 125.
2145:
2130:
2128:, p. 137.
2115:
2113:, p. 125.
2103:
2101:, p. 124.
2088:
2086:, p. 220.
2076:
2074:, p. 123.
2059:
2047:
2045:, p. 121.
2035:
2023:
2021:, p. 210.
2006:
2004:, p. 207.
1994:
1992:, p. 131.
1982:
1980:, p. 175.
1967:
1965:, p. 120.
1948:
1946:, p. 123.
1931:
1929:, p. 123.
1915:
1903:
1901:, p. 122.
1897:, p. 15;
1887:
1885:, p. 122.
1875:
1859:
1847:
1845:, p. 174.
1828:
1816:
1814:, p. 173.
1804:
1789:
1773:
1771:, p. 121.
1750:
1748:, p. 121.
1734:
1732:, p. 125.
1717:
1705:
1693:
1678:
1676:, p. 124.
1666:
1664:, p. 123.
1649:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1558:Alekey Tolstoy
1511:
1508:
1479:
1476:
1463:'s unexpected
1442:capture Moscow
1437:
1434:
1359:
1356:
1348:Kuban Cossacks
1269:Volunteer Army
1245:
1242:
1215:Vladimir Lenin
1153:
1150:
1134:Volunteer Army
1125:
1122:
1052:Southern Front
980:
977:
950:Volunteer Army
908:
907:
905:
904:
899:
893:
892:
888:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
826:
825:
820:
810:
805:
803:North Caucasus
800:
795:
789:
788:
784:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
746:Nizhyn–Poltava
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
642:
641:
637:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
540:
539:
535:
534:
528:
527:
523:
520:
519:
513:Southern Front
508:
507:
500:
493:
485:
477:
476:
463:
449:
448:
444:
443:
442:
441:
433:Southern Front
422:
421:
420:
418:Volunteer Army
408:
396:
369:
368:
367:Units involved
364:
363:
296:
261:
260:
256:
255:
254:
253:
241:
220:
219:
218:
216:United Kingdom
197:
196:
184:
182:Kuban Republic
172:
156:White movement
150:
149:
145:
144:
141:
140:
139:
138:
135:
124:
120:
119:
112:48.700; 44.517
80:
78:
74:
73:
68:
60:
59:
49:
48:
42:Southern Front
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2535:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2467:9781911512103
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2448:9781849047210
2444:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2400:9780712674539
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2335:9780713999440
2331:
2327:
2326:Penguin Press
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2299:Washington DC
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2274:9780974493442
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2223:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2189:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2169:Mawdsley 2010
2165:
2158:
2154:
2153:Mawdsley 2010
2149:
2143:, p. 43.
2142:
2137:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2084:Mawdsley 2010
2080:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2044:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2019:Mawdsley 2010
2015:
2013:
2011:
2003:
2002:Mawdsley 2010
1998:
1991:
1990:Mawdsley 2010
1986:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1945:
1944:Mawdsley 2010
1940:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:Mawdsley 2010
1924:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1899:Mawdsley 2010
1896:
1891:
1884:
1883:Mawdsley 2010
1879:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1786:
1785:Mawdsley 2010
1782:
1777:
1770:
1769:Mawdsley 2010
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1746:Mawdsley 2010
1743:
1738:
1731:
1730:Mawdsley 2010
1726:
1724:
1722:
1715:, p. 58.
1714:
1713:Mawdsley 2010
1709:
1703:, p. 15.
1702:
1697:
1691:, p. 67.
1690:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1674:Mawdsley 2010
1670:
1663:
1659:
1658:Mawdsley 2010
1654:
1650:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1531:Eastern Front
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:Joseph Stalin
1507:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:Vasily Shorin
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1418:Pyotr Wrangel
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:Soviet forces
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:Anton Denikin
1270:
1265:
1258:
1254:
1253:Pyotr Krasnov
1250:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:Dmitry Zhloba
1218:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:Joseph Stalin
1185:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:Pyotr Krasnov
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:Novokhopyorsk
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:Pyotr Krasnov
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:Joseph Stalin
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
976:
974:
973:Joseph Stalin
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
951:
947:
946:Pyotr Krasnov
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
890:
889:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
786:
785:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
721:Mamontov Raid
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
639:
638:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
589:Transcaucasia
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
536:
533:
530:
529:
525:
524:
521:
516:
506:
501:
499:
494:
492:
487:
486:
483:
464:
451:
450:
445:
440:
437:
436:
435:
434:
423:
419:
409:
407:
406:Caucasus Army
397:
395:
385:
384:
383:
382:
371:
370:
365:
362:
361:Grigory Kulik
351:
340:
339:Dmitry Zhloba
329:
318:
317:Joseph Stalin
307:
297:
295:
294:Pyotr Wrangel
284:
283:Anton Denikin
273:
272:Pyotr Krasnov
263:
262:
257:
252:
251:Ukrainian SSR
247:
242:
240:
235:
230:
229:
228:
227:
226:
221:
217:
207:
206:
205:
204:
202:
195:
185:
183:
173:
171:
161:
160:
159:
158:
157:
152:
151:
146:
136:
133:
132:
131:
129:
125:
122:
121:
116:
87:
83:
79:
76:
75:
69:
66:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
2457:
2431:
2386:
2355:
2317:
2294:
2291:Kenez, Peter
2264:
2239:
2232:Bibliography
2217:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2148:
2106:
2079:
2050:
2038:
2026:
1997:
1985:
1918:
1906:
1890:
1878:
1862:
1850:
1819:
1807:
1776:
1737:
1708:
1696:
1669:
1653:
1569:
1561:
1555:
1535:World War II
1528:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1481:
1469:
1465:cavalry raid
1454:
1439:
1422:
1399:
1383:Novorossiysk
1380:
1332:
1285:
1281:
1266:
1262:
1234:
1226:Ivan Sorokin
1219:
1208:
1201:
1166:Leon Trotsky
1155:
1138:
1127:
1093:
1084:
1049:
1024:Don Republic
1017:
1013:Central Asia
982:
954:
939:
914:
912:
808:Novorossiysk
608:
569:Steppe March
424:
372:
239:Russian SFSR
223:
222:
201:Supported by
199:
198:
194:South Russia
170:Don Republic
154:
153:
148:Belligerents
126:
86:Volga Region
40:Part of the
29:
2362:: Bellona.
2222:Kotkin 2014
2210:Kotkin 2014
2193:Kotkin 2014
2181:Kotkin 2014
2141:Kenez 2004b
1978:Kenez 2004a
1923:Kotkin 2014
1911:Kotkin 2014
1895:Kenez 2004b
1871:Kotkin 2014
1843:Kenez 2004a
1824:Kenez 2004a
1812:Kenez 2004a
1800:Kenez 2004a
1781:Kotkin 2014
1742:Kenez 2004a
1701:Kenez 2004b
1549:during his
1478:Repressions
1371: [
1271:, generals
1174:Pavel Sytin
1085:Meanwhile,
983:During the
935:Volga River
925:during the
771:3rd Kharkiv
761:Khopyor–Don
736:Perehonivka
716:2nd Kharkiv
532:1st Kharkiv
350:Pavel Sytin
110: /
2487:Categories
2476:1023368302
2308:0974493457
2283:1263743648
2157:Smele 2015
2126:Smele 2015
2111:Smele 2015
2099:Smele 2015
2072:Smele 2015
2055:Smele 2015
2043:Smele 2015
2031:Smele 2015
1963:Smele 2015
1867:Adams 1963
1855:Adams 1963
1689:Smele 2015
1662:Smele 2015
1645:References
1553:campaign.
1524:propaganda
1328:Tikhoretsk
1076:the region
997:Bolsheviks
979:Background
969:propaganda
923:White Army
880:2nd Crimea
813:Azerbaijan
781:2nd Donbas
751:Orel–Kursk
676:1st Donbas
584:1st Crimea
579:March Days
554:Donbas-Don
225:Bolsheviks
2417:cite book
2409:469081559
2378:750846354
2344:931787116
2293:(2004b).
2244:New Haven
1560:'s novel
1543:Volgograd
1412:and then
1230:11th Army
1170:10th Army
1080:10th Army
989:Tsaritsyn
931:Volgograd
609:Tsaritsyn
564:Ice March
439:10th Army
82:Tsaritsyn
2354:(2010).
2322:New York
1446:Kamyshin
1306:and the
1257:Don Army
1158:Red Army
1142:Voronezh
1118:Boguchar
1106:Povorino
1102:Balashov
1098:Kamyshin
1003:reached
921:and the
919:Red Army
840:Lankaran
776:4th Kiev
731:3rd Kiev
686:Binagadi
666:2nd Kiev
629:Dibrivka
614:Kurdamir
574:Iași–Don
559:1st Kiev
549:Shamkhor
447:Strength
394:Don Army
77:Location
1578:Gallery
1514:Due to
1450:Saratov
1410:Kharkiv
1385:by the
1324:Bataysk
1045:Saratov
902:Georgia
855:Armenia
830:Ochakov
661:Ukraine
599:Goychay
475:117,000
98:44°31′E
95:48°42′N
44:of the
2474:
2464:
2445:
2436:London
2407:
2397:
2391:London
2376:
2366:
2360:Warsaw
2342:
2332:
2305:
2281:
2271:
2256:406299
2254:
1537:: the
1510:Legacy
1387:Allies
1320:Manych
1312:Rostov
1211:Kozlov
1116:, and
1114:Kalach
1087:ataman
1060:Donbas
1005:Moscow
957:Verdun
835:Anzali
823:Sarvan
818:Yalama
544:Mughan
462:50,000
123:Result
1562:Bread
1497:Lenin
1484:Cheka
1375:]
1344:Terek
1041:Kuban
993:Volga
897:Anapa
798:Odesa
711:Odesa
619:Livny
604:Sochi
594:Kuban
128:White
2472:OCLC
2462:ISBN
2443:ISBN
2423:link
2405:OCLC
2395:ISBN
2374:OCLC
2364:ISBN
2340:OCLC
2330:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2279:OCLC
2269:ISBN
2252:OCLC
1522:and
1346:and
1326:and
1318:and
1302:and
1275:and
1194:and
1094:krug
1035:and
1033:Ural
1001:Baku
967:and
913:The
891:1921
787:1920
640:1919
624:Baku
538:1918
526:1917
67:Date
1545:by
1533:of
1316:Sal
1300:9th
1296:8th
1228:'s
1064:Don
1029:Don
965:art
2489::
2470:.
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