192:
2012:
375:
364:
281:
270:
237:
442:
431:
420:
345:
334:
323:
304:
145:
386:
248:
205:
181:
169:
1955:
7639:
408:
397:
292:
259:
226:
157:
1842:
1915:
1705:
52:
1827:, using bombs, rockets and guns, turning the escape routes into killing grounds. Despite claims of large numbers of tanks and other vehicles destroyed from the air, a post-battle investigation showed that only eleven armoured vehicles could be proved to have had been destroyed by aircraft, although about one third of wrecked trucks were lost to air attack and many others had been destroyed or abandoned by their crews, probably due to the air threat.
2096:, was according to Hastings one of the least effective of any Allied army in Normandy. He speculated that the real reason Bradley halted Patton was not fear of accidental clashes with the British, but knowledge that, with powerful German formations still operational, the Americans lacked the means to defend an early blocking position and would have suffered an "embarrassing and gratuitous setback" at the hands of the retreating
1573:
2077:
1941:, and the 2nd and 3rd Canadian Infantry divisions had secured St. Lambert and the northern passage to Chambois; the Falaise pocket had been sealed. Approximately 20â50,000 German troops, minus heavy equipment, escaped through the gap and were reorganized and rearmed, in time to slow the Allied advance into Eastern France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.
2113:
stretched that line to include
Falaise, he would have extended his roadblock a distance of 40 miles (64 km). The enemy could not only have broken through, but he might have trampled Patton's position in the onrush. I much preferred a solid shoulder at Argentan to the possibility of a broken neck at Falaise.
2027:
Fear of infection from the rancid conditions led the Allies to declare the area an "unhealthy zone". Clearing the area was a low priority though, and went on until well into
November. Many swollen bodies had to be shot to expunge gases within them before they could be burnt, and bulldozers were used
1967:
of generals, and refusal to withdraw when his armies were threatened with annihilation. More than forty German divisions were destroyed during the Battle of
Normandy. No exact figures are available, but historians estimate the battle cost the Germans 450,000 men, including 240,000 who were killed or
1355:
ordered the Allied armies to converge on the
FalaiseâChambois area to envelop Army Group B, with the First US Army forming the southern arm, the British the base, and the Canadians the northern arm of the encirclement. The Germans began to withdraw on 17 August, and on 19 August the Allies linked up
1929:
reached Mont Ormel, and by late afternoon the remainder of the 2nd and 9th SS Panzer
Divisions had begun their retreat to the Seine. For the Falaise pocket operation, the 1st Polish Armoured Division listed 1,441 casualties including 466 killed, while Polish casualties at Mont Ormel were 351 killed
1722:
advanced 35 mi (56 km) and reached positions overlooking
Argentan. On 13 August, Bradley over-ruled orders by Patton for a further push northwards towards Falaise by the 5th Armored Division. Bradley instead ordered the XV Corps to "concentrate for operations in another direction". The US
1910:
and several battle groups from the 2nd SS Panzer
Division inflicted many casualties on the 8th and 9th battalions of the Polish Division, but the assault was eventually repulsed at the cost of nearly all of their ammunition, and the Poles watched as the remnants of the XLVII Panzer Corps escaped.
1791:
At midday on 16 August, Kluge had refused an order from Hitler for another counter-attack, and in the afternoon Hitler agreed to a withdrawal but became suspicious that Kluge intended to surrender to the Allies. Late on 17 August, Hitler sacked Kluge and recalled him to
Germany; Kluge then killed
1851:
On 17 August the encirclement was still incomplete. The 1st Polish
Armoured Division, part of the First Canadian Army, was divided into three battlegroups and ordered to make a wide sweep to the south-east to meet American troops at Chambois. Trun fell to the 4th Canadian Armoured Division on 18
2040:
The international army boundary arbitrarily divided the
British and American battlefields just beyond Argentan, on the Falaise side of it. Patton's troops, who thought they had the mission of closing the gap, took Argentan in their stride and crossed the international boundary without stopping.
1991:
The pocket area was full of the remains of battle. Villages had been destroyed, and derelict equipment made some roads impassable. Corpses of soldiers and civilians littered the area, along with thousands of dead cattle and horses. In the hot August weather, maggots crawled over the bodies, and
1552:
signals intercepts, and although the offensive continued until 13 August, the threat of Operation LĂźttich had been ended within 24 hours. Operation LĂźttich had led to the most powerful remaining German units being defeated at the west side of the Cotentin Peninsula by the US First Army, and the
2258:
armoured vehicles destroyed. By 22 August 1944, the 12th SS-Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend" had lost around 8,000 soldiers, out of its initial strength of 20,540, along with most of its tanks and vehicles, which had been redistributed among several Kampfgruppe in the previous weeks. Elements of
2112:
Although Patton might have spun a line across the narrow neck, I doubted his ability to hold it. Nineteen German divisions were now stampeding to escape the trap. Meanwhile, with four divisions George was already blocking three principal escape routes through Alencon, Sees and Argentan. Had he
1889:
1765:
Navigating through the smoke slowed progress, and the mistaken use by the First Canadian Army of yellow smoke to identify their positionsâthe same colour strategic bombers used to mark targetsâled to some bombing of the Canadians and slower progress than planned. On 15 August, the 2nd and
2041:
Montgomery, who was still nominally in charge of all ground forces, now chose to exercise his authority and ordered Patton back to his side of the international boundary line. For ten days, however, the beaten but still coherently organized German Army retreated through the Falaise gap.
2031:
Disappointed that a significant portion of the German army had escaped from the pocket, many Allied commanders, particularly among the Americans, were critical of what they perceived as Montgomery's lack of urgency in closing the pocket. Writing shortly after the war,
1924:
German attacks resumed the next morning, but the Poles retained their foothold on the ridge. At about 11:00, a final attempt on the positions of the 9th Battalion was launched by nearby SS troops, which was defeated at close quarters. Soon after midday, the
1364:, a commanding position at the pocket mouth. By the evening of 21 August, the pocket had been sealed, with an estimated 50,000 Germans trapped inside. Approximately 20â50,000 German troops managed to escape the pocket before it was closed. The Allied
1309:, German forces were in turmoil, having expended irreplaceable resources defending the frontline and with Allied air superiority threatening the availability of food and ammunition. However, on the Allied side, British forces had expected to liberate
2128:
By 22 August, all German soldiers west of the Allied lines were dead or in captivity. Historians differ in their estimates of German losses in the pocket. The majority state that from 80,000 to 100,000 troops were caught in the encirclement, of whom
1860:
divisions by evening. The Allies were not yet astride the 7th Army escape route in any great strength, and their positions were attacked by German troops inside the pocket. An armoured column of the 2nd Panzer Division broke through the Canadians in
2055:
wrote that, despite having British divisions in reserve, Montgomery did not reinforce Guy Simonds, and that the Canadian drive on Trun and Chambois was not as "vigorous and venturesome" as the situation demanded. The British author and historian
1996:
The battlefield at Falaise was unquestionably one of the greatest "killing fields" of any of the war areas. Forty-eight hours after the closing of the gap I was conducted through it on foot, to encounter scenes that could be described only by
2072:
might have done more to impart momentum to the British/Canadians. Patton's post-battle claim that the Americans could have prevented the German escape, had Bradley not ordered him to stop at Argentan, was "absurd over-simplification".
1336:, which included large segments of the force that had broken through the German lines. The Third Army quickly pushed south and then east, meeting little resistance. Concurrently, the British/Canadian troops pushed south in
2091:
Wilmot wrote that "contrary to contemporary reports, the Americans did not capture Argentan until 20 August, the day after the link up at Chambois". The American unit that closed the gap between Argentan and Chambois, the
1677:
and Falaise quickly, many Germans might escape. Believing he could always fall back on the original plan if necessary, Montgomery accepted the wishes of Bradley as the man on the spot, and the proposal was adopted.
1884:
managed to break through the Polish lines and open a corridor, while the 9th SS Panzer Division prevented the Canadians from intervening. By mid-afternoon, about 10,000 German troops had passed out of the pocket.
1962:
The battle of the Falaise pocket ended the Battle of Normandy with a decisive German defeat. Hitler's involvement had been damaging from the first day, with his insistence on unrealistic counter-offensives,
1519:
in Normandy were to be used in the attack, but only four could be made ready in time. The German commanders protested that their forces were incapable of an offensive, but the warnings were ignored and
1407:
delayed the Allied build-up of supplies and reinforcements, while enabling the Germans to move troops and supplies with less interference from the Allied air forces. Cherbourg was not captured by the
1242:
1856:
on 19 August, the Polish battlegroups converged on Chambois, and with reinforcements from the 4th Canadian Armoured Division, the Poles secured the town and linked up with the US 90th and French
1714:
The Third Army advance from the south made good progress on 12 August; Alençon was captured and Kluge was forced to commit troops he had been gathering for a counter-attack. The next day, the
1930:
and wounded, with eleven tanks lost. German losses in their assaults on the ridge were estimated at 500 killed and 1,000 men taken prisoner, most from the 12th SS-Panzer Division. Scores of
1723:
troops near Argentan were ordered to withdraw, which ended the pincer movement by the XV Corps. Patton objected but complied, which left an exit for the German forces in the Falaise pocket.
2259:
several German formations had managed to escape to the east, but they left behind most of their equipment. After the battle, Allied investigators estimated that the Germans lost around
1606:
armoured personnel carriers. Operation Totalize began on the night of 7/8 August; the leading infantry rode on the Kangaroos, guided by electronic aids and illuminants, against the
8242:
1557:
This is an opportunity that comes to a commander not more than once in a century. We're about to destroy an entire hostile army and go all the way from here to the German border.
8232:
8217:
8222:
1865:, took half the village and kept a road open for six hours until nightfall. Many Germans escaped, and small parties made their way through to the Dives during the night.
1750:
that mimicked the night attack of Operation Totalize. The 4th Canadian Armoured Division and the 1st Polish Armoured Division crossed the Laison, but delays at the River
1450:
and by the end of the third day had advanced 15 mi (24 km) south of its start line at several points. Avranches was captured on 30 July and within 24 hours the
6203:
4342:
5948:
5549:
2060:
wrote that Montgomery, having witnessed what he called a poor Canadian performance during Totalize, should have brought up veteran British divisions to take the lead.
7561:
5565:
1630:
were captured on 9 August, but the speed of the advance was slowed by German resistance and some poor Canadian unit leadership, which led to many casualties in the
1426:, the Allied ground forces commander, had planned a strategy of attracting German forces to the east end of the bridgehead against the British/Canadians, while the
5892:
1654:", by which the British/Canadians would pivot left from Falaise toward the River Seine while the US Third Army blocked the escape route between the Seine and the
5488:
5460:
4604:
1512:, ordering "an immediate counter-attack between Mortain and Avranches" to "annihilate" the enemy and make contact with the west coast of the Cotentin peninsula.
7540:
6212:
5899:
5026:
6515:
5878:
5180:
4805:
2517:
5521:
5467:
4653:
5985:
5474:
5090:
2444:, Chief of Staff of Army Group B, wrote that they would have been eliminated, if the 5th Armored Division had continued its advance to Falaise, although
2431:
The engagement is also sometimes referred to as the Chambois pocket, the FalaiseâChambois pocket, the ArgentanâFalaise pocket, or the Trun-Chambois gap.
8247:
4500:
1328:
on 25 July, which saw American forces pushing into a gap around Saint-LĂ´ and overwhelming the defending German forces. On 1 August, Lieutenant General
1911:
During the night there was sporadic fighting, and the Poles called for frequent artillery bombardments to disrupt the German retreat from the sector.
84:
8237:
8227:
5871:
5311:
5187:
7761:
5164:
4544:
3653:
691:
5601:
4913:
1403:. Allied attacks to expand the bridgehead had rapidly defeated the initial German attempts to destroy the invasion force, but bad weather in the
1872:(Mont Ormel ridge), spending the night of 19 August digging in. The following morning, Model ordered elements of the 2nd SS Panzer Division and
8146:
5420:
4722:
567:
7433:
1992:
swarms of flies descended on the area. Pilots reported the smell from hundreds of feet (metres) in the air. General Eisenhower recorded that:
6219:
6182:
6159:
5673:
4595:
4565:
196:
5934:
3958:
7692:
6312:
6168:
6152:
6124:
5365:
4572:
7992:
7076:
6136:
6048:
5992:
5955:
5230:
2036:âa prominent peacetime journalist, who had served as a planner on Eisenhower's staffâexpressed the prevailing American view at the time:
809:
8189:
7997:
6041:
4766:
1902:
The Poles held on to Hill 262 (The Mace), and were able from their vantage point to direct artillery fire onto the retreating Germans.
1411:
until 27 June, and the German defence of Caen lasted until 20 July, when the southern districts were taken by the British/Canadians in
821:
8282:
7554:
6175:
4558:
4516:
1082:
17:
7403:
5208:
4982:
4745:
4611:
4422:
4309:
1650:
Still expecting Kluge to withdraw his forces from the tightening Allied noose, Montgomery had for some time been planning a "long
1356:
in Chambois. German counter-attacks forced gaps in the Allied lines, the most significant of which was a corridor forced past the
8100:
6291:
6088:
5740:
5118:
4618:
4530:
4466:
2367:
1218:
1368:
came a few days later, and on 30 August the remnants of Army Group B retreated across the Seine, completing Operation Overlord.
8252:
7732:
6494:
6006:
4849:
4387:
2419:
2407:
2403:
2383:
2093:
712:
4350:
8277:
8262:
7097:
7002:
6522:
6268:
6143:
5222:
5196:
5053:
4759:
4676:
3947:
3849:
3723:
3677:
3559:
2399:
2391:
2375:
1603:
1313:
immediately after the invasion, an operation which ended up taking nearly two months, and US forces had expected to control
7330:
6730:
6616:
5781:
5241:
5237:
5215:
4819:
3964:. Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War. The Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa.
3517:
2395:
1806:âwith the remnants of four Panzer divisionsâheld the north face of the escape route against the British/Canadians, and the
1715:
7670:
4334:
7245:
6702:
6034:
6020:
5226:
1907:
1873:
615:
7454:
7323:
7201:
6772:
6487:
6438:
6196:
5751:
4996:
4835:
4683:
4537:
4322:
4152:
4051:
1877:
1619:
560:
3628:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military. Vol. I (Naval & Military Press ed.). London:
7570:
6445:
6417:
6234:
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5528:
5495:
4210:
4175:
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4103:
4073:
4032:
4009:
3921:
3898:
3872:
3826:
3791:
3749:
3700:
3637:
3585:
3540:
3491:
3461:
2001:. It was literally possible to walk for hundreds of yards at a time, stepping on nothing but dead and decaying flesh.
1881:
4711:
2099:
1988:, followed on 25 August, and Overlord ended by 30 August with the retreat of the last German unit across the Seine.
1638:. By 10 August, Anglo-Canadian forces had reached Hill 195, north of Falaise. The following day, Canadian commander
7685:
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6758:
6695:
5830:
5659:
4782:
4288:
4268:
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fanatics still entertained hopes of avoiding defeat". On the Eastern Front, Operation Bagration had begun against
8179:
7131:
6972:
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6790:
6549:
6508:
6401:
6339:
5719:
4989:
4858:
4826:
2525:
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1771:
1757:
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937:
5506:
5074:
4240:
8174:
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7160:
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4927:
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4551:
4436:
3910:
Sons of the Reich: The History of II SS Panzer Corps in Normandy, Arnhem, the Ardennes and on the Eastern Front
3759:
2415:
2379:
2347:
2343:
2033:
1767:
1735:
1635:
1357:
696:
7577:
7510:
7461:
7392:
7217:
6716:
6667:
6431:
6424:
6027:
5788:
5572:
4625:
2363:
1926:
1868:
Having taken Chambois, two of the Polish battlegroups drove north-east and established themselves on part of
1857:
1824:
1615:
553:
412:
2440:
Bradley later received much blame for "failing" to exploit the opportunity to envelop Army Group B. General
2011:
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7651:
7547:
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5608:
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5010:
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4789:
4773:
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4443:
4415:
2359:
1808:
1778:
against determined German resistance and several German counter-attacks, which prevented a breakthrough to
1731:
1199:
401:
7912:
1937:
By the evening of 21 August, tanks of the 4th Canadian Armoured Division had linked with Polish forces at
1623:
996:
8267:
8212:
7678:
7614:
6938:
6883:
6501:
6473:
6326:
5941:
5920:
5434:
5097:
5003:
4493:
3621:
3532:
1092:
2491:
1746:, a set-piece attack on Falaise. The operation commenced on 14 August at 11:42, covered by an artillery
7412:
6901:
6820:
6765:
6653:
6609:
6259:
5885:
5809:
5704:
5581:
5453:
5446:
5406:
5379:
5111:
5044:
4639:
4450:
4380:
4083:
2197:
1658:, trapping all surviving German forces in western France. In a telephone conversation on 8 August, the
1451:
857:
379:
1800:, whose first act was to order the immediate retreat of the 7th Army and Fifth Panzer Army, while the
7785:
7314:
7231:
7016:
6869:
6841:
6674:
6579:
6369:
5802:
4869:
4523:
2272:
1984:
killed or missing in connection with Operation Overlord. The final battle of Operation Overlord, the
1529:
1408:
1388:
1299:
1281:
977:
918:
636:
5067:
1876:
to attack from outside the pocket towards the Polish positions. Around midday, several units of the
1730:, and with the British pressing in from the north-west, the First Canadian Army, which included the
847:
7918:
7791:
7053:
7030:
6275:
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6069:
5726:
5386:
5358:
5351:
4738:
3783:
3617:
2411:
2387:
2316:
From 8 until 21 August: 1,479 killed or died of wounds, 4,023 wounded or injured, and 177 captured.
1719:
1659:
1427:
1345:
1119:
1114:
970:
913:
884:
797:
368:
5083:
5060:
8272:
8049:
7475:
7419:
7289:
7149:
6827:
6480:
6376:
6282:
5850:
5711:
5681:
5645:
5630:
5502:
5394:
5372:
5318:
5304:
5286:
4950:
4731:
4459:
4408:
3973:
2292:
2287:
1906:, the 7th Army commander, ordered that the Polish positions be "eliminated". The remnants of the
1862:
1782:. The next day, the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division entered Falaise against minor opposition from
1663:
1609:
1109:
1104:
185:
4232:
1598:
was ordered to capture high ground north of Falaise to trap Army Group B. The Canadians planned
8126:
7167:
7060:
6855:
6806:
6709:
6602:
6572:
6355:
6243:
5969:
5760:
5344:
5325:
5295:
4842:
4812:
3509:
3453:
1291:
1124:
930:
872:
651:
629:
1812:âwith what was left of two Panzer divisionsâheld the southern face against the Third US Army.
8257:
8184:
7658:
7381:
7224:
7120:
7090:
7046:
6915:
6779:
6744:
6737:
6660:
6558:
5999:
5976:
5823:
5427:
4964:
4704:
4690:
4373:
4095:
3692:
3605:
2355:
2351:
1727:
1631:
1533:
1171:
7876:
5262:
4164:
The Canadian Military Atlas: Canada's Battlefields from the French and Indian Wars to Kosovo
1458:
into Brittany and continued south and west through open country, almost without opposition.
1251:
901:
862:
8059:
7700:
7482:
7337:
6988:
6945:
6908:
6834:
6644:
6623:
5542:
5019:
4697:
4141:
Normandy, 1944: German Military Organization, Combat Power and Organizational Effectiveness
3939:
3767:
3595:
2282:
2231:
2080:
1666:
1549:
1477:
1306:
1277:
1072:
641:
435:
7797:
1954:
1521:
1501:
1467:
1043:
308:
8:
8157:
8151:
8136:
8064:
7900:
7847:
7773:
7749:
7600:
7374:
7252:
7208:
6723:
5857:
5616:
5143:
4973:
4957:
4906:
4167:
4144:
4121:
3913:
3882:
2339:
1985:
1743:
1699:
1595:
1396:
1365:
1164:
1087:
1050:
1036:
963:
879:
608:
601:
545:
390:
124:
4001:
1774:
continued the offensive, but progress remained slow. The 4th Armoured Division captured
8168:
8029:
8013:
7894:
7888:
7841:
7779:
7743:
7737:
7720:
7593:
7426:
7351:
7305:
7275:
7183:
7023:
6681:
6565:
6459:
6410:
6348:
6104:
6055:
5864:
5481:
5136:
4934:
4313:
3841:
3801:
3647:
3476:
1802:
1788:
units and scattered pockets of German infantry, and by 17 August had secured the town.
1599:
1567:
1545:
1509:
1481:
1431:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1382:
1352:
1337:
1321:
1257:
1185:
1062:
1029:
1022:
989:
982:
925:
867:
852:
814:
658:
577:
230:
43:
2263:
and assault guns in the pocket, and that little equipment was taken across the Seine.
8162:
8121:
7853:
7829:
7811:
7805:
7726:
7584:
7468:
7358:
7298:
7259:
7192:
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7140:
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5913:
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4024:
4005:
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3838:
The Black Devils' March â A Doomed Odyssey â The 1st Polish Armoured Division 1939â45
3822:
3787:
3745:
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3633:
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3581:
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3536:
3513:
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1853:
1742:
valley on 12â13 August, most of the time since Totalize had been spent preparing for
1493:
1333:
1269:
1265:
1192:
1150:
1143:
1136:
956:
942:
746:
703:
622:
349:
8090:
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8002:
7870:
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6639:
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6062:
6013:
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5150:
5127:
4660:
4088:
3775:
2326:
2065:
1964:
1485:
1329:
1178:
1157:
1077:
1015:
826:
775:
296:
285:
4669:
8007:
7882:
7835:
7817:
7767:
7755:
7526:
7238:
7153:
7111:
7009:
6952:
6813:
6595:
6586:
6115:
5690:
5666:
4920:
4061:
3715:
3569:
2445:
2061:
1998:
1820:
1690:(after the corridor which the Germans sought to maintain to allow their escape).
1516:
1443:
1404:
1392:
1341:
1325:
1317:
by the 7 June, yet German resistance delayed this until after Caen's liberation.
1246:
1008:
949:
906:
896:
831:
734:
729:
684:
670:
446:
424:
274:
7638:
2238:
abandoned or destroyed. In the fighting around Hill 262, German losses totalled
1958:
German prisoners taken during the battle are given tea by their British captors.
1934:, Panther and Panzer IV tanks were destroyed, along with many artillery pieces.
8095:
7533:
7069:
6995:
5033:
4892:
4113:
3931:
3818:
3483:
3471:
2142:
2052:
2020:
2016:
1816:
1739:
1642:
relieved the armoured divisions with infantry divisions, ending the offensive.
1067:
739:
724:
719:
665:
646:
407:
396:
291:
258:
225:
162:
8206:
8116:
8054:
7955:
7344:
5255:
5104:
4943:
4202:
3969:
3890:
3741:
3669:
3661:
3577:
2277:
1751:
1673:. Montgomery and Patton had misgivings; if the Allies did not take Argentan,
1586:
1578:
1489:
1294:. The battle resulted in the destruction of most of Army Group B west of the
765:
596:
374:
363:
280:
269:
263:
236:
150:
99:
86:
7706:
7643:
7447:
5733:
5638:
5269:
4632:
4396:
4326:
3733:
3613:
3501:
2441:
2146:
2069:
2057:
1903:
1797:
1793:
1747:
1541:
1505:
1497:
1439:
1273:
1261:
441:
430:
419:
344:
338:
333:
327:
322:
303:
252:
241:
210:
3712:
Colossal Cracks: Montgomery's 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944â45
3574:
Decision in Normandy: The Real Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign
2051:
Some historians have thought that the gap could have been closed earlier;
1846:
German counter-attacks against Canadian-Polish positions on 20 August 1944
8131:
7975:
7949:
7282:
7268:
6930:
5592:
5413:
5398:
4752:
4194:
1815:
Throughout the retreat, German columns were constantly harried by Allied
1651:
1639:
1524:
commenced on 7 August around Mortain. The first attacks were made by the
1455:
782:
755:
1914:
1447:
1314:
8141:
7969:
7963:
7943:
6630:
6383:
6362:
5248:
4581:
4509:
3616:; Allen, Captain G.R.G., R.N.; Warhurst, Lieutenant-Colonel A.E. &
1841:
1779:
792:
787:
760:
1726:
With the Americans on the southern flank halted and then engaged with
1704:
1674:
6893:
6298:
6095:
5906:
5697:
5652:
3959:"The Victory Campaign: The operations in North-West Europe 1944â1945"
1938:
1784:
1627:
1582:
1537:
1435:
51:
5173:
1320:
The Allied armies developed a multi-stage operation, beginning with
8085:
5157:
4885:
2084:
1894:
1869:
1836:
1775:
1670:
1602:, with attacks by strategic bombers and a novel night attack using
1361:
1057:
77:
1888:
4343:"Chapter 4. Polish military operations in West-Europe since 1944"
2227:, self-propelled guns and other light armoured vehicles, as well
1931:
1496:
which left no possibility of reinforcement of the Western Front.
1473:
312:
2329:
built off the landing beaches were damaged in a storm on 19 June
1669:, recommended an American proposal for a shorter envelopment at
1614:, which held a 14 km (8.7 mi) front, supported by the
1572:
5774:
4365:
1792:
himself with potassium cyanide, fearing his involvement in the
1734:, was ordered to close the trap. After a limited attack by the
385:
247:
191:
180:
174:
3815:
The Killing Ground, The Battle of the Falaise Gap, August 1944
1488:, the German army in Normandy was so reduced that "only a few
1340:, attempting to keep the German armour engaged. Four depleted
5962:
4292:
4272:
4252:
3529:
Cinderella Army: The Canadians in Northwest Europe, 1944â1945
1655:
1438:. On 25 July the US First Army commander, Lieutenant-General
1387:
Early Allied objectives in the wake of the D-Day invasion of
1332:
was named the commanding officer of the newly recommissioned
1295:
4227:
2076:
27:
Engagement of the Battle of Normandy in the Second World War
3629:
1446:. The US First Army broke through the German defences near
1400:
1310:
3881:
1709:
The formation of the Falaise pocket, from 8â17 August 1944
1348:, driving the Germans deeper into the Allied envelopment.
575:
56:
Map showing the course of the battle from 8â17 August 1944
4044:
D-Day Through German Eyes: How the Wehrmacht Lost France
3956:
1256:; 12â21 August 1944) was the decisive engagement of the
8243:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Poland
4310:"Captain Kazimierz DUDA â 1st Polish Armoured Division"
3691:. United States Military Academy West Point, New York:
2338:
Divisions around the Falaise Pocket on 16 August 1944:
2015:
Wrecked vehicles and bodies of retreating Germans near
1553:
Normandy front on the verge of collapse. Bradley said,
5027:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
3612:
8233:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
3998:
The moment of decision: The invasion of Normandy 1944
3450:
Ultra in the West: The Normandy Campaign of 1944â1945
1919:
Germans surrendering in St. Lambert on 19 August 1944
8218:
Battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
4289:"Canada at War: The Battle at St. Lambert-Sur-dives"
3991:
1351:
On 8 August, Allied ground forces commander General
8223:
Battles of World War II involving the United States
4087:
3957:Stacey, Colonel C. P.; Bond, Major C.C.J. (1960).
3689:The Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean
3475:
3138:
3136:
3994:AvgĂśrandes Ăśgonblick: Invasionen i Normandie 1944
3992:Tamelander, Michael; Zetterling, Niklas (2003) .
3150:
3148:
2223:. In the northern sector, German losses included
8204:
4066:D-Day; The Greatest Invasion, A People's History
4046:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing.
3885:; Fitzpatrick, Mariana; Stroop, JĂźrgen (1981).
3133:
2987:
2985:
2824:
2822:
2709:
4112:
3419:
3410:
3322:
3320:
3263:
3261:
3208:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3145:
3090:
3088:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2943:
2941:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2771:
2769:
2750:
2748:
2675:
2673:
2654:
2652:
7686:
4381:
4249:"Canada at War: Canadians in the Falaise Gap"
3124:
3115:
3076:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2108:divisions. Bradley wrote after the war that:
561:
511:of which 2,300 for the 1st Armoured Division.
7701:Primary articles on the Battle of Normandy,
3800:
3652:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3298:
3296:
3294:
3171:
3069:
3067:
2982:
2973:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2819:
2153:were in the pocket. D'Este gave a figure of
2097:
1755:
1686:It is also referred to as the battle of the
1607:
1480:, had been captured. After Operation Cobra,
1285:
7993:American logistics in the Normandy campaign
4060:
3812:
3738:Overlord: D-Day and the Battle for Normandy
3626:Victory in the West: The Battle of Normandy
3401:
3347:
3317:
3258:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3203:
3189:
3180:
3157:
3085:
3055:
3012:
2959:
2938:
2840:
2805:
2766:
2745:
2670:
2649:
2019:in the Falaise gap, after an attack by RAF
1454:of the US Third Army crossed the bridge at
8190:Weather forecasting for Operation Overlord
7998:British logistics in the Normandy campaign
7693:
7679:
4388:
4374:
4233:"Account of the Polish battle on hill 262"
4138:
4018:
3774:
3594:
3568:
3276:
2541:
2492:"World War II: Closing the Falaise Pocket"
2461:
2448:wrote that the order came from Montgomery.
2207:troops escaped. Tamelander estimated that
1472:The US advance was swift and by 8 August,
568:
554:
4307:
3858:
3835:
3758:
3552:Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy
3329:
3311:
3291:
3106:
3097:
3064:
3003:
2929:
2904:
2895:
2881:
2682:
201:
8238:Battles of World War II involving France
8228:Battles of World War II involving Canada
4082:
3907:
3808:(15 ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace.
3732:
3554:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
3470:
3242:
2075:
2010:
1953:
1913:
1893:Polish infantry moving towards cover on
1887:
1840:
1703:
1571:
1476:, the former headquarters of the German
1298:, which opened the way to Paris and the
4269:"Canada at War: The Battle of Hill 195"
4161:
3930:
3780:Tank Tactics: from Normandy to Lorraine
3500:
3447:
2994:
1796:. Kluge was succeeded by Field Marshal
1305:Six weeks after the 6 June 1944 Allied
14:
8205:
7733:American airborne landings in Normandy
6242:
6220:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4193:
3686:
3660:
2863:
2384:59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division
2083:reviewing damage (including a wrecked
1693:
8248:Western European Campaign (1944â1945)
7674:
7098:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
6523:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
6169:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
6125:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
5223:Rape during the occupation of Germany
4369:
4041:
4019:Trew, Simon; Badsey, Stephen (2004).
2518:"The Canadians in the Falaise Pocket"
2376:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division
1972:among their ground forces, including
1754:gave time for the Tiger tanks of the
1561:
1399:and the area surrounding the town of
1376:
549:
6213:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
5238:Rape during the liberation of France
3861:The Illustrated Book of World War II
3813:Lucas, James; Barker, James (1978).
3709:
3549:
3526:
1610:12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend
1461:
4068:. Aurora, Illinois: Madison Press.
2028:to clear the area of dead animals.
1585:'jeep' passing an abandoned German
1430:advanced down the west side of the
24:
7786:Greenline, Pomegranate and Express
6439:German invasion of the Netherlands
4712:Weather events during World War II
4320:
4186:
2201:
2170:
1500:sent a directive to Field Marshal
532:
524:
515:
504:
25:
8294:
7077:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
4221:
3887:Conversations with an Executioner
3618:Robb, Air Chief-Marshal Sir James
692:Caen canal and Orne river bridges
8283:History of Calvados (department)
7762:Capture of Caen and Orne bridges
7637:
4395:
4229:British Broadcasting Corporation
4023:. Battle Zone Normandy. Stroud:
2219:prisoner, while perhaps another
1632:4th Canadian (Armoured) Division
1548:. The Allies were forewarned by
1344:were insufficient to defeat the
1324:on 18 July, and continuing with
508: 5,150 casualties in total
440:
429:
418:
406:
395:
384:
373:
362:
343:
332:
321:
302:
290:
279:
268:
257:
246:
235:
224:
203:
190:
179:
167:
155:
143:
50:
8180:People of Western Europe speech
8101:Military cemeteries in Normandy
4323:"Closing of the Falaise Pocket"
4241:"canadiansoldiers.com: Falaise"
4000:] (in Swedish). Stockholm:
3714:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania:
3550:——— (2007) .
3428:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3365:
3356:
3338:
3305:
3282:
3270:
3233:
3224:
3221:Tamelander, Zetterling, p. 341.
3215:
3046:
3037:
3028:
2950:
2920:
2872:
2854:
2831:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2757:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2700:
2691:
2661:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2434:
2425:
2372:43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division
2332:
2149:estimated that the remnants of
2087:tank) in the pocket at Chambois
1830:
1772:2nd Canadian (Armoured) Brigade
1768:3rd Canadian Infantry Divisions
1758:schwere SS-Panzer Abteilung 102
1616:101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion
1504:, the replacement commander of
630:Taxable, Glimmer & Big Drum
8175:June 6, 1944, order of the day
7324:Vietnamese famine of 1944â1945
5020:Territorial changes of Germany
4928:Indonesian National Revolution
4143:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
3740:(reprint ed.). New York:
3389:Tamelander, Zetterling, p. 342
2550:
2532:
2510:
2484:
2475:
2380:53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division
2356:4th Canadian Armoured Division
2352:3rd Canadian Infantry Division
2348:2nd Canadian Infantry Division
2319:
2310:
1880:, 12th SS Panzer Division and
1736:2nd Canadian Infantry Division
1645:
13:
1:
8253:Encirclements in World War II
6717:Japanese invasion of Thailand
6668:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
6432:German invasion of Luxembourg
4806:Mediterranean and Middle East
4308:Richard, Duda; Steven, Duda.
3666:Patton: as Military Commander
3440:
2123:
1980:. The Allied air forces lost
1825:RAF Second Tactical Air Force
1589:anti-tank gun during Totalize
1371:
8278:Military history of Normandy
8263:Tank battles of World War II
7934:
7930:
6624:Invasion of the Soviet Union
6313:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
5624:Independent State of Croatia
4335:"Film footage of the battle"
3508:. Modern Library. New York:
3034:Moczarski, 1981, pp. 226â234
2455:
2416:French 2nd Armoured Division
2344:1st Polish Armoured Division
2303:
2211:troops were caught, of whom
1944:
1732:Polish 1st Armoured Division
1636:1st Polish Armoured Division
1358:1st Polish Armoured Division
1238:battle of the Falaise pocket
37:Battle of the Falaise pocket
7:
8010:(Pipe-Line Under The Ocean)
7615:End of World War II in Asia
7455:Western invasion of Germany
6962:Chinese famine of 1942â1943
6939:Second Battle of El Alamein
6502:Hundred Regiments Offensive
6474:Battle of the Mediterranean
6327:Italian invasion of Albania
4494:Air warfare of World War II
4139:Zetterling, Niklas (2019).
3859:Messenger, Charles (1999).
3533:University of Toronto Press
3478:Maple Leaf Against the Axis
2266:
1949:
10:
8299:
7541:Naval bombardment of Japan
6902:First Battle of El Alamein
6821:Battle of Christmas Island
6766:Japanese invasion of Burma
6530:Italian invasion of Greece
6446:German invasion of Belgium
6418:German invasion of Denmark
6391:1939â1940 Winter Offensive
6260:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
4517:Comparative military ranks
4116:; McDevitt, C.D. (1997) .
3908:Reynolds, Michael (2002).
3288:Lucas & Barker, p. 159
3255:Lucas & Barker, p. 158
2068:wrote that Montgomery and
1834:
1697:
1565:
1465:
1380:
8147:Allied forces in Normandy
8109:
8073:
8022:
7985:
7928:
7863:
7713:
7630:
7462:BratislavaâBrno offensive
7402:
7393:Dutch famine of 1944â1945
7130:
7017:Allied invasion of Sicily
6971:
6870:Aleutian Islands campaign
6842:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
6789:
6780:Greek famine of 1941â1944
6675:Second Battle of Changsha
6580:German invasion of Greece
6548:
6425:Battle of ZaoyangâYichang
6400:
6338:
6233:
6114:
5840:
5750:
5591:
5294:
5285:
5043:
4868:
4760:North and Central Pacific
4721:
4483:
4476:
4403:
4347:Polish forces in the West
3863:. San Diego, California:
2724:Bennett 1979, pp. 112â119
2408:US 30th Infantry Division
2404:US 28th Infantry Division
2273:Battle of the Mons Pocket
1927:Canadian Grenadier Guards
1681:
1530:SS Division Leibstandarte
1290:), were encircled by the
1264:. Allied forces formed a
637:Combined Bomber Offensive
589:
465:
452:
355:
217:
136:
60:
49:
41:
36:
18:Battle of the Falaise Gap
7054:Allied invasion of Italy
7031:Solomon Islands campaign
6773:Third Battle of Changsha
6370:First Battle of Changsha
6276:Second Sino-Japanese War
5209:German military brothels
5075:United States war crimes
4042:Trigg, Jonathan (2020).
3836:McGilvray, Evan (2004).
2412:Third United States Army
2400:US 9th Infantry Division
2392:US 1st Infantry Division
2388:First United States Army
2298:
1968:wounded. The Allies had
1852:August. Having captured
1660:Supreme Allied Commander
7476:Second Guangxi campaign
7331:Philippines (1944â1945)
6828:Battle of the Coral Sea
6731:Fall of the Philippines
6377:Battle of South Guangxi
6283:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
5682:Italian Social Republic
4166:. North York, Ontario:
4118:The Struggle for Europe
2396:US 3rd Armored Division
2293:Siegfried Line campaign
2288:Operation Market Garden
1908:352nd Infantry Division
1878:10th SS Panzer Division
1716:US 5th Armored Division
1536:, but they had only 75
8127:D-Day naval deceptions
7061:Armistice of Cassibile
6856:Battle of Dutch Harbor
6807:Battle of the Java Sea
6710:Attack on Pearl Harbor
6610:SyriaâLebanon campaign
6603:Battle of South Shanxi
6573:Invasion of Yugoslavia
6356:Battle of the Atlantic
5970:Korean Liberation Army
5676:(until September 1943)
5633:(until September 1944)
5611:(until September 1944)
4162:Zuehlke, Mark (2001).
4096:Hodder & Stoughton
3052:Trigg 2020, p. 289-290
2715:Messenger, pp. 213â217
2420:90th Infantry Division
2368:11th Armoured Division
2121:
2098:
2088:
2049:
2024:
2009:
1959:
1921:
1899:
1874:9th SS Panzer Division
1848:
1756:
1711:
1620:89th Infantry Division
1608:
1591:
1559:
1389:German-occupied France
1286:
1250:
1099:Air and Sea operations
892:Anglo-Canadian Sector
771:Anglo-Canadian Sector
540:500 tanks/assault guns
536: 50,000 captured
413:2nd Tactical Air Force
218:Commanders and leaders
7225:Second Battle of Guam
7121:Bengal famine of 1943
7091:Second Battle of Kiev
7047:Battle of the Dnieper
6916:Kokoda Track campaign
6745:Battle of Wake Island
6617:East African campaign
6559:Battle of South Henan
6204:atrocities by Germans
5977:Korean Volunteer Army
4951:Occupation of Germany
4705:Music in World War II
4329:on 28 September 2007.
4199:Atlas of World War II
3782:. Boulder, Colorado:
3596:Eisenhower, Dwight D.
3371:Shulman, pp. 180, 184
2364:3rd Infantry Division
2232:soft-skinned vehicles
2205: 100,000 German
2174: 80,000 trapped
2139:20,000â50,000 escaped
2110:
2104:and the 2nd and 12th
2079:
2038:
2014:
1994:
1957:
1917:
1891:
1882:116th Panzer Division
1844:
1728:Panzer Group Eberbach
1707:
1575:
1555:
1534:SS Division Das Reich
1508:after the sacking of
1131:Supporting operations
466:Casualties and losses
447:Panzergruppe Eberbach
7897:(Canada, Poland, US)
7850:(Canada, Poland, UK)
7844:(Canada, Poland, UK)
7511:Surrender of Germany
6989:Battle of West Hubei
6946:Guadalcanal campaign
6909:Battle of Stalingrad
6835:Battle of Madagascar
5602:Albania protectorate
5389:(formerly Swaziland)
5098:Wehrmacht war crimes
4914:Expulsion of Germans
4698:Art and World War II
4596:British contribution
4545:Governments in exile
3710:Hart, S.A. (2007) .
3482:. Markham, Ontario:
3448:Bennett, R. (1979).
3380:Wilmot, pp. 422, 424
2860:Copp (2003), p. 234.
2283:Liberation of France
2137:taken prisoner, and
1667:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1618:and remnants of the
1307:invasion of Normandy
1300:Franco-German border
1276:, consisting of the
583:(Battle of Normandy)
528: 10,000 killed
100:48.89278°N 0.19194°W
8158:Operation Bodyguard
8152:Liberation of Paris
7601:Potsdam Declaration
7490:Italy (Spring 1945)
7253:Liberation of Paris
6703:Siege of Sevastopol
5714:(until August 1944)
5617:Wang Jingwei regime
5439:from September 1943
5399:from September 1944
5337:from September 1944
5197:Romanian war crimes
5188:Persecution of Jews
5174:Croatian war crimes
5144:Japanese war crimes
4958:Occupation of Japan
4907:First Indochina War
4619:Military production
4531:Declarations of war
4295:on 3 September 2014
4122:Wordsworth Editions
3979:on 21 December 2020
3687:Griess, T. (2002).
3362:D'Este, pp. 430â431
3186:Copp (2003), p. 249
3142:Van Der Vat, p. 168
3000:Copp (2006), p. 104
2979:Van Der Vat, p. 169
2592:Wilmot, pp. 390â392
2556:Griess, pp. 308â310
2538:Van der Vat, p. 110
2360:Second British Army
2340:First Canadian Army
1986:Liberation of Paris
1762:to counter-attack.
1744:Operation Tractable
1700:Operation Tractable
1694:Operation Tractable
1596:First Canadian Army
1546:self-propelled guns
1526:2nd Panzer Division
1366:Liberation of Paris
125:Liberation of Paris
96: /
8268:August 1944 events
8213:Operation Overlord
8185:Rommel's asparagus
8169:Operation Jedburgh
8014:Operation Chastity
7594:Surrender of Japan
7427:Battle of Iwo Jima
7276:Belgrade offensive
6682:Siege of Leningrad
6566:Battle of Shanggao
6495:British Somaliland
6460:Dunkirk evacuation
6411:Norwegian campaign
6349:Invasion of Poland
6176:Japanese prisoners
5137:Italian war crimes
5068:British war crimes
4983:Soviet occupations
4767:South-West Pacific
4654:Allied cooperation
4612:Military equipment
3936:Defeat in the West
3802:Liddell Hart, B.H.
3425:Zetterling, p. 311
3416:Zetterling, p. 316
3314:, pp. 190â191
3130:Jarymowycz, p. 196
3121:Jarymowycz, p. 195
3082:Jarymowycz, p. 192
3043:Trigg 2020, p. 262
2184:. Wilmot recorded
2159:10,000 were killed
2135:40,000â50,000 were
2131:10,000â15,000 were
2089:
2081:General Eisenhower
2025:
1970:209,672 casualties
1960:
1922:
1900:
1849:
1809:XLVII Panzer Corps
1803:II SS Panzer Corps
1712:
1600:Operation Totalize
1592:
1568:Operation Totalize
1562:Operation Totalize
1515:Eight of the nine
1510:Gerd von Rundstedt
1482:Operation Bluecoat
1432:Cotentin Peninsula
1424:Bernard Montgomery
1417:Operation Atlantic
1413:Operation Goodwood
1383:Operation Overlord
1377:Operation Overlord
1353:Bernard Montgomery
1338:Operation Bluecoat
1322:Operation Goodwood
1272:, in which German
1258:Battle of Normandy
926:Normandy massacres
815:Operation Chastity
579:Operation Overlord
458:Up to 17 divisions
231:Bernard Montgomery
105:48.89278; -0.19194
8198:
8197:
8163:Operation Dragoon
7838:(UK 6th Airborne)
7668:
7667:
7626:
7625:
7469:Battle of Okinawa
7368:Burma (1944â1945)
7202:Mariana and Palau
6982:Tunisian campaign
6800:Fall of Singapore
6724:Fall of Hong Kong
6467:Battle of Britain
6320:Operation Himmler
6229:
6228:
5893:Dutch East Indies
5529:Southern Rhodesia
5281:
5280:
5181:Genocide of Serbs
5084:German war crimes
5061:Soviet war crimes
5054:Allied war crimes
4900:Division of Korea
4879:Chinese Civil War
4677:Strategic bombing
4589:Manhattan Project
4321:Wiacek, Jacques.
4316:on 14 March 2007.
4025:The History Press
3949:978-0-548-43948-7
3938:. Whitefish, MN:
3851:978-1-874622-42-0
3806:The Rommel Papers
3725:978-0-8117-3383-0
3679:978-0-585-10019-7
3614:Ellis, Major L.F.
3601:Crusade in Europe
3561:978-0-8020-3780-0
3527:Copp, T. (2006).
3506:A Soldier's Story
2851:Hastings, p. 353.
2601:Hastings, p. 257.
2327:Mulberry harbours
2157:trapped, of whom
2006:Dwight Eisenhower
1522:Operation LĂźttich
1502:GĂźnther von Kluge
1494:Army Group Centre
1468:Operation LĂźttich
1462:Operation LĂźttich
1287:Panzergruppe West
1282:Fifth Panzer Army
1270:Falaise, Calvados
1227:
1226:
1083:Mantes-Gassicourt
747:Normandy landings
544:
543:
350:Heinrich Eberbach
309:GĂźnther von Kluge
132:
131:
68:12â21 August 1944
44:Normandy Campaign
16:(Redirected from
8290:
8171:(France, UK, US)
8165:(France, UK, US)
8137:Hobart's Funnies
8091:Hillman Fortress
8003:Mulberry harbour
7936:
7932:
7929:Landing points (
7907:Merville Battery
7776:(Deception plan)
7695:
7688:
7681:
7672:
7671:
7661:
7654:
7647:
7644:World portal
7642:
7641:
7617:
7610:
7603:
7596:
7587:
7580:
7573:
7564:
7557:
7550:
7543:
7536:
7529:
7520:
7513:
7506:
7504:Prague offensive
7499:
7497:Battle of Berlin
7492:
7485:
7478:
7471:
7464:
7457:
7450:
7443:
7441:Vienna offensive
7436:
7429:
7422:
7420:Battle of Manila
7415:
7395:
7386:
7377:
7370:
7361:
7354:
7347:
7340:
7333:
7326:
7319:
7310:
7301:
7294:
7285:
7278:
7271:
7264:
7255:
7248:
7241:
7234:
7227:
7220:
7213:
7204:
7197:
7188:
7179:
7170:
7163:
7161:KorsunâCherkassy
7156:
7145:
7123:
7114:
7107:
7100:
7093:
7086:
7079:
7072:
7063:
7056:
7049:
7042:
7033:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7005:
7003:Bombing of Gorky
6998:
6991:
6984:
6964:
6957:
6948:
6941:
6934:
6925:
6918:
6911:
6904:
6897:
6886:
6879:
6872:
6865:
6863:Battle of Midway
6858:
6851:
6849:Battle of Gazala
6844:
6837:
6830:
6823:
6816:
6809:
6802:
6782:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6759:Battle of Borneo
6754:
6752:Malayan campaign
6747:
6740:
6733:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6705:
6698:
6696:Bombing of Gorky
6691:
6689:Battle of Moscow
6684:
6677:
6670:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6633:
6626:
6619:
6612:
6605:
6598:
6589:
6582:
6575:
6568:
6561:
6541:
6532:
6525:
6518:
6511:
6504:
6497:
6490:
6483:
6476:
6469:
6462:
6455:
6453:Battle of France
6448:
6441:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6393:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6351:
6329:
6322:
6315:
6308:
6306:Munich Agreement
6301:
6294:
6285:
6278:
6271:
6262:
6255:
6240:
6239:
6222:
6215:
6206:
6199:
6192:
6191:Soviet prisoners
6185:
6178:
6171:
6162:
6155:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6131:German prisoners
6127:
6107:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6023:
6016:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5988:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5770:
5763:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5707:
5700:
5693:
5684:
5677:
5669:
5662:
5660:French Indochina
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5604:
5584:
5575:
5568:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5510:
5507:from August 1944
5498:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5390:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5292:
5291:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5233:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5199:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5151:Nanjing Massacre
5146:
5139:
5130:
5128:Nuremberg trials
5121:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5036:
5029:
5022:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4969:
4960:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4861:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4732:Asia and Pacific
4714:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4663:
4661:Mulberry harbour
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4503:
4496:
4481:
4480:
4469:
4462:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4349:. Archived from
4338:
4330:
4325:. Archived from
4317:
4312:. Archived from
4304:
4302:
4300:
4291:. Archived from
4284:
4282:
4280:
4271:. Archived from
4264:
4262:
4260:
4251:. Archived from
4244:
4236:
4216:
4181:
4158:
4135:
4109:
4093:
4079:
4062:van der Vat, Dan
4057:
4038:
4015:
4002:Norstedts fĂśrlag
3988:
3986:
3984:
3978:
3972:. Archived from
3963:
3953:
3927:
3912:. Philadelphia:
3904:
3878:
3855:
3832:
3809:
3797:
3771:
3760:Ingersoll, Ralph
3755:
3729:
3706:
3683:
3657:
3651:
3643:
3609:
3591:
3565:
3546:
3523:
3519:978-037-575421-0
3497:
3481:
3467:
3435:
3434:Hastings, p. 314
3432:
3426:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3408:
3407:McGilvray, p. 55
3405:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3354:
3353:Hastings, p. 306
3351:
3345:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3326:Hastings, p. 369
3324:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3289:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3267:Hastings, p. 312
3265:
3256:
3253:
3240:
3239:Hastings, p. 311
3237:
3231:
3230:Hastings, p. 319
3228:
3222:
3219:
3213:
3212:Williams, p. 205
3210:
3201:
3200:Hastings, p. 313
3198:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3177:Bercuson, p. 233
3175:
3169:
3168:McGilvray, p. 54
3166:
3155:
3152:
3143:
3140:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3094:Hastings, p. 304
3092:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3062:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3025:Hastings, p. 303
3023:
3010:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2991:Bercuson, p. 232
2989:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2970:Hastings, p. 302
2968:
2957:
2956:Hastings, p. 354
2954:
2948:
2947:Bercuson, p. 231
2945:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2838:
2837:Hastings, p. 300
2835:
2829:
2828:Bercuson, p. 230
2826:
2817:
2816:Hastings, p. 301
2814:
2803:
2802:Hastings, p. 299
2800:
2794:
2793:Williams, p. 198
2791:
2785:
2782:
2776:
2775:Hastings, p. 296
2773:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2754:Williams, p. 197
2752:
2743:
2742:Hastings, p. 335
2740:
2734:
2733:Hastings, p. 286
2731:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2706:Hastings, p. 285
2704:
2698:
2697:Hastings, p. 283
2695:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2679:Williams, p. 196
2677:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2658:Hastings, p. 277
2656:
2647:
2646:Williams, p. 194
2644:
2638:
2637:Hastings, p. 280
2635:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2619:Williams, p. 185
2617:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2565:Hastings, p. 165
2563:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2547:Williams, p. 114
2545:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2524:. Archived from
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2472:Williams, p. 204
2470:
2449:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2336:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:10â15,000 killed
2175:
2172:
2169:. Shulman gives
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2119:
2103:
2047:
2023:fighter bombers.
2007:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1965:micro-management
1897:, 20 August 1944
1761:
1613:
1517:Panzer divisions
1486:Operation Spring
1342:panzer divisions
1330:George S. Patton
1289:
1262:Second World War
1245:
858:La Haye-du-Puits
843:American Sector
751:American Sector
697:Merville Battery
677:Airborne assault
584:
580:
570:
563:
556:
547:
546:
537:
534:
529:
526:
520:
517:
509:
506:
497:5,679 casualties
445:
444:
434:
433:
423:
422:
411:
410:
400:
399:
389:
388:
378:
377:
367:
366:
348:
347:
337:
336:
326:
325:
317:
307:
306:
297:Arthur Coningham
295:
294:
286:George S. Patton
284:
283:
273:
272:
262:
261:
251:
250:
240:
239:
229:
228:
213:
209:
207:
206:
195:
194:
184:
183:
173:
171:
170:
161:
159:
158:
149:
147:
146:
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
62:
61:
54:
34:
33:
21:
8298:
8297:
8293:
8292:
8291:
8289:
8288:
8287:
8203:
8202:
8199:
8194:
8105:
8069:
8050:Longues-sur-Mer
8018:
7981:
7924:
7913:Verrières Ridge
7859:
7752:(UK and Canada)
7709:
7699:
7669:
7664:
7657:
7650:
7636:
7634:
7622:
7613:
7606:
7599:
7592:
7583:
7576:
7569:
7560:
7555:Atomic bombings
7553:
7546:
7539:
7532:
7525:
7516:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7467:
7460:
7453:
7446:
7439:
7432:
7425:
7418:
7411:
7398:
7391:
7380:
7373:
7366:
7357:
7350:
7343:
7336:
7329:
7322:
7313:
7304:
7297:
7288:
7281:
7274:
7267:
7258:
7251:
7246:Eastern Romania
7244:
7239:Warsaw Uprising
7237:
7232:Tannenberg Line
7230:
7223:
7218:Western Ukraine
7216:
7207:
7200:
7191:
7182:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7148:
7139:
7126:
7119:
7110:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7082:
7075:
7068:
7059:
7052:
7045:
7036:
7029:
7022:
7015:
7010:Battle of Kursk
7008:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6967:
6960:
6951:
6944:
6937:
6928:
6921:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6891:
6882:
6875:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6847:
6840:
6833:
6826:
6819:
6814:St Nazaire Raid
6812:
6805:
6798:
6785:
6778:
6771:
6764:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6659:
6652:
6638:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6596:Anglo-Iraqi War
6594:
6587:Battle of Crete
6585:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6557:
6544:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6516:Eastern Romania
6514:
6507:
6500:
6493:
6486:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6396:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6334:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6290:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6258:
6251:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6202:
6195:
6190:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6158:
6151:
6142:
6135:
6130:
6123:
6110:
6103:
6094:
6087:
6082:
6077:Western Ukraine
6075:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6021:Northeast China
6019:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5975:
5968:
5961:
5954:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5720:Slovak Republic
5718:
5710:
5703:
5696:
5691:Empire of Japan
5689:
5680:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5637:
5629:
5622:
5615:
5607:
5600:
5587:
5580:
5571:
5564:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5501:
5494:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5393:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5277:
5268:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5236:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5203:Sexual violence
5202:
5195:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5126:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4972:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4933:
4926:
4921:Greek Civil War
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4864:
4857:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4746:South-East Asia
4744:
4737:
4730:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4605:Military awards
4603:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4499:
4492:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4430:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4399:
4394:
4356:
4354:
4341:
4333:
4298:
4296:
4287:
4278:
4276:
4275:on 5 March 2016
4267:
4258:
4256:
4255:on 12 June 2013
4247:
4239:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4189:
4187:Further reading
4184:
4178:
4155:
4132:
4114:Wilmot, Chester
4106:
4090:D-Day to Berlin
4076:
4054:
4035:
4021:Battle for Caen
4012:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3961:
3950:
3924:
3901:
3875:
3852:
3829:
3794:
3752:
3726:
3716:Stackpole Books
3703:
3680:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3588:
3562:
3543:
3520:
3494:
3464:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3398:Reynolds, p. 88
3397:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:Bradley, p. 377
3343:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3277:Eisenhower 1948
3275:
3271:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3204:
3199:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3158:
3153:
3146:
3141:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3065:
3061:Zuehlke, p. 169
3060:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3013:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:Zuehlke, p. 168
2783:
2779:
2774:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:Wilmot, p. 393.
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2528:on 2 July 2010.
2516:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2269:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2194:50,000 captured
2193:
2189:
2186:100,000 trapped
2185:
2182:45,000 captured
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2163:50,000 captured
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:14â15 divisions
2150:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2100:Fallschirmjäger
2048:
2046:Ralph Ingersoll
2045:
2034:Ralph Ingersoll
2008:
2005:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1952:
1947:
1920:
1898:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1821:Ninth Air Force
1817:fighter bombers
1710:
1702:
1696:
1684:
1648:
1624:Verrières Ridge
1590:
1570:
1564:
1470:
1464:
1444:Operation Cobra
1405:English Channel
1393:deep water port
1385:
1379:
1374:
1326:Operation Cobra
1241:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1210:
997:Verrières Ridge
919:Le Mesnil-Patry
842:
840:Ground campaign
750:
713:American Sector
680:British Sector
679:
585:
582:
578:
576:
574:
535:
527:
518:
510:
507:
503:
498:
496:
491:
489:
484:
482:
477:
475:
461:14â15 divisions
439:
438:
428:
427:
425:5th Panzer Army
417:
405:
404:
394:
393:
383:
382:
372:
371:
361:
342:
341:
331:
330:
320:
319:
313:
301:
289:
288:
278:
277:
275:Courtney Hodges
267:
266:
256:
255:
245:
244:
234:
233:
223:
204:
202:
189:
188:
178:
177:
168:
166:
165:
156:
154:
153:
144:
142:
120:Allied victory
104:
102:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
81:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8296:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8273:1944 in France
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8166:
8160:
8155:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8113:
8111:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8103:
8098:
8096:Pegasus Bridge
8093:
8088:
8083:
8081:Falaise pocket
8077:
8075:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8026:
8024:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8016:
8011:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7989:
7987:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7973:
7967:
7961:
7960:
7959:
7947:
7940:
7938:
7926:
7925:
7923:
7922:
7919:Villers-Bocage
7916:
7910:
7904:
7898:
7892:
7886:
7880:
7874:
7867:
7865:
7861:
7860:
7858:
7857:
7851:
7845:
7839:
7833:
7827:
7821:
7815:
7809:
7803:
7795:
7789:
7783:
7777:
7771:
7765:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7741:
7735:
7730:
7729:(assault plan)
7724:
7723:(overall plan)
7717:
7715:
7711:
7710:
7698:
7697:
7690:
7683:
7675:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7655:
7648:
7631:
7628:
7627:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7611:
7604:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7574:
7571:South Sakhalin
7567:
7566:
7565:
7551:
7544:
7537:
7530:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7507:
7500:
7493:
7486:
7479:
7472:
7465:
7458:
7451:
7444:
7437:
7430:
7423:
7416:
7408:
7406:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7396:
7389:
7388:
7387:
7371:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7348:
7341:
7334:
7327:
7320:
7311:
7302:
7295:
7286:
7279:
7272:
7265:
7256:
7249:
7242:
7235:
7228:
7221:
7214:
7205:
7198:
7189:
7180:
7171:
7164:
7157:
7146:
7136:
7134:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7124:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7108:
7094:
7087:
7080:
7073:
7066:
7065:
7064:
7050:
7043:
7034:
7027:
7020:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6996:Battle of Attu
6992:
6985:
6977:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6958:
6949:
6942:
6935:
6926:
6919:
6912:
6905:
6898:
6889:
6888:
6887:
6880:
6866:
6859:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6824:
6817:
6810:
6803:
6795:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6783:
6776:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6738:Battle of Guam
6734:
6727:
6720:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6692:
6685:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6661:Battle of Kiev
6657:
6650:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6599:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6576:
6569:
6562:
6554:
6552:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6533:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6505:
6498:
6491:
6484:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6406:
6404:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6352:
6344:
6342:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6302:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6279:
6265:
6264:
6263:
6248:
6246:
6237:
6231:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6200:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6172:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6160:United Kingdom
6156:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6128:
6120:
6118:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6092:
6080:
6073:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5973:
5959:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5846:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5778:
5771:
5764:
5756:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5716:
5708:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5670:
5663:
5656:
5649:
5642:
5635:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5605:
5597:
5595:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5557:British Empire
5550:United Kingdom
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5391:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5366:Czechoslovakia
5362:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5300:
5298:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5266:
5263:Rape of Manila
5259:
5252:
5245:
5234:
5219:
5212:
5200:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5140:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5115:
5101:
5094:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5049:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5034:United Nations
5030:
5023:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4979:
4970:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4893:Decolonization
4889:
4882:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4839:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4793:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4727:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4657:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4585:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4566:United Kingdom
4562:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4489:
4487:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4412:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4393:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4353:on 30 May 2016
4339:
4331:
4318:
4305:
4285:
4265:
4245:
4237:
4223:
4222:External links
4220:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4159:
4154:978-1612008165
4153:
4136:
4130:
4110:
4104:
4080:
4074:
4058:
4053:978-1398103238
4052:
4039:
4033:
4016:
4010:
3989:
3954:
3948:
3928:
3922:
3905:
3899:
3889:. New Jersey:
3879:
3873:
3856:
3850:
3833:
3827:
3810:
3798:
3792:
3776:Jarymowycz, R.
3772:
3768:Harcourt Brace
3756:
3750:
3730:
3724:
3707:
3701:
3684:
3678:
3658:
3638:
3622:Butler, J.R.M.
3610:
3592:
3586:
3566:
3560:
3547:
3541:
3524:
3518:
3498:
3492:
3484:Red Deer Press
3468:
3462:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3427:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3346:
3337:
3335:Wilmot, p. 425
3328:
3316:
3312:Ingersoll 1946
3304:
3302:Wilmot, p. 424
3290:
3281:
3269:
3257:
3241:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3202:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3156:
3154:D'Este, p. 458
3144:
3132:
3123:
3114:
3112:D'Este, p. 456
3105:
3096:
3084:
3075:
3073:Wilmot, p. 422
3063:
3054:
3045:
3036:
3027:
3011:
3009:Wilmot, p. 420
3002:
2993:
2981:
2972:
2958:
2949:
2937:
2935:Wilmot, p. 419
2928:
2926:D'Este, p. 441
2919:
2917:Essame, p. 182
2903:
2901:Essame, p. 168
2894:
2892:Wilmot, p. 417
2880:
2871:
2869:Keegan, p. 136
2862:
2853:
2839:
2830:
2818:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2765:
2763:D'Este, p. 404
2756:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2688:Wilmot, p. 401
2681:
2669:
2667:D'Este, p. 414
2660:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2628:Wilmot, p. 394
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2509:
2498:. 12 June 2006
2483:
2481:Stacey, p. 271
2474:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2433:
2424:
2331:
2318:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2265:
2221:50,000 escaped
2167:20,000 escaped
2125:
2122:
2115:
2043:
2021:Hawker Typhoon
2003:
1978:19,221 missing
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1918:
1892:
1845:
1835:Main article:
1832:
1829:
1708:
1698:Main article:
1695:
1692:
1683:
1680:
1647:
1644:
1576:
1566:Main article:
1563:
1560:
1466:Main article:
1463:
1460:
1381:Main article:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1292:Western Allies
1234:Falaise pocket
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1209:
1208:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1120:Pierres Noires
1117:
1112:
1107:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1000:
999:
994:
987:
980:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
940:
935:
934:
933:
923:
922:
921:
916:
914:Villers-Bocage
904:
899:
890:
889:
888:
887:
877:
876:
875:
865:
860:
855:
850:
848:BrĂŠcourt Manor
837:
836:
835:
834:
829:
819:
818:
817:
801:
800:
798:Port-en-Bessin
795:
790:
785:
780:
769:
768:
763:
758:
743:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
709:
708:
701:
700:
699:
694:
674:
673:
668:
663:
656:
649:
647:Transport Plan
644:
639:
634:
633:
632:
627:
620:
613:
599:
590:
587:
586:
573:
572:
565:
558:
550:
542:
541:
539:
538:
530:
519: 60,000:
512:
479:United Kingdom
468:
467:
463:
462:
459:
455:
454:
450:
449:
415:
358:
357:
356:Units involved
353:
352:
299:
220:
219:
215:
214:
199:
163:United Kingdom
139:
138:
134:
133:
130:
129:
128:
127:
117:
113:
112:
76:
74:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
47:
46:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8295:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8201:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8170:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8117:Atlantic Wall
8115:
8114:
8112:
8108:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8078:
8076:
8072:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8025:
8023:Gun batteries
8021:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7984:
7977:
7974:
7971:
7968:
7965:
7962:
7957:
7956:Pointe du Hoc
7954:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7945:
7942:
7941:
7939:
7927:
7920:
7917:
7914:
7911:
7908:
7905:
7902:
7899:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7878:
7875:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7855:
7852:
7849:
7846:
7843:
7840:
7837:
7834:
7831:
7828:
7825:
7822:
7819:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7807:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7772:
7769:
7766:
7763:
7760:
7757:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7703:Western Front
7696:
7691:
7689:
7684:
7682:
7677:
7676:
7673:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7633:
7632:
7629:
7616:
7612:
7609:
7605:
7602:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7591:
7586:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7578:Kuril Islands
7575:
7572:
7568:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7552:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7538:
7535:
7531:
7528:
7524:
7519:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7508:
7505:
7501:
7498:
7494:
7491:
7487:
7484:
7480:
7477:
7473:
7470:
7466:
7463:
7459:
7456:
7452:
7449:
7445:
7442:
7438:
7435:
7431:
7428:
7424:
7421:
7417:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7401:
7394:
7390:
7385:
7384:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7360:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7349:
7346:
7345:Syrmian Front
7342:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7328:
7325:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7309:
7308:
7303:
7300:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7291:Market Garden
7287:
7284:
7280:
7277:
7273:
7270:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7254:
7250:
7247:
7243:
7240:
7236:
7233:
7229:
7226:
7222:
7219:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7190:
7187:
7186:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7172:
7169:
7165:
7162:
7158:
7155:
7151:
7150:Monte Cassino
7147:
7144:
7143:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7133:
7129:
7122:
7118:
7113:
7109:
7106:
7102:
7101:
7099:
7095:
7092:
7088:
7085:
7081:
7078:
7074:
7071:
7067:
7062:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7051:
7048:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7035:
7032:
7028:
7025:
7021:
7018:
7014:
7011:
7007:
7004:
7000:
6997:
6993:
6990:
6986:
6983:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6974:
6970:
6963:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6950:
6947:
6943:
6940:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6906:
6903:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6881:
6878:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6857:
6853:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6839:
6836:
6832:
6829:
6825:
6822:
6818:
6815:
6811:
6808:
6804:
6801:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6788:
6781:
6777:
6774:
6770:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6749:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6728:
6725:
6721:
6718:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6700:
6697:
6693:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6665:
6662:
6658:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6637:
6632:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6607:
6604:
6600:
6597:
6593:
6588:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6567:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6531:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6509:Baltic states
6506:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6422:
6419:
6415:
6412:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6392:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6374:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6337:
6328:
6324:
6321:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6261:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6221:
6217:
6214:
6210:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6166:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6153:United States
6150:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6106:
6102:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6089:Quáťc dân Äảng
6086:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5978:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5918:
5915:
5911:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5797:
5793:
5790:
5789:Liechtenstein
5786:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5742:
5741:Collaboration
5738:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5695:
5692:
5688:
5683:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5650:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5583:
5579:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:United States
5563:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5256:Comfort women
5253:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5240: /
5239:
5235:
5232:
5229: /
5228:
5225: /
5224:
5220:
5217:
5216:Camp brothels
5213:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5134:
5129:
5125:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:The Holocaust
5102:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5091:forced labour
5088:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4944:Marshall Plan
4941:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4798:
4797:Eastern Front
4794:
4791:
4790:Western Front
4787:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4684:Puppet states
4681:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4626:Naval history
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4573:United States
4570:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4386:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4214:
4212:0-06-089077-0
4208:
4204:
4203:HarperCollins
4200:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4179:
4177:0-7737-3289-6
4173:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4131:1-85326-677-9
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4105:0-340-83397-1
4101:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4075:1-55192-586-9
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4034:0-7509-3010-1
4030:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4011:91-1-301204-5
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3923:0-9711709-3-2
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3900:0-13-171918-1
3896:
3892:
3891:Prentice Hall
3888:
3884:
3883:Moczarski, K.
3880:
3876:
3874:1-57145-217-6
3870:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3828:0-7134-0433-7
3824:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3793:1-55587-950-0
3789:
3785:
3784:Lynne Rienner
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3751:0-307-27571-X
3747:
3743:
3742:Vintage Books
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3702:0-7570-0160-2
3698:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3671:
3670:Da Capo Press
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3641:
3639:1-84574-058-0
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3587:0-141-01761-9
3583:
3579:
3578:Penguin Books
3575:
3571:
3570:D'Este, Carlo
3567:
3563:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3542:0-8020-3925-1
3538:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3502:Bradley, Omar
3499:
3495:
3493:0-88995-305-8
3489:
3485:
3480:
3479:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3463:0-09-139330-2
3459:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3431:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3359:
3350:
3341:
3332:
3323:
3321:
3313:
3308:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3285:
3279:, p. 279
3278:
3273:
3264:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3209:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3183:
3174:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3127:
3118:
3109:
3103:Wilmot, p.423
3100:
3091:
3089:
3079:
3070:
3068:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3006:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2976:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2953:
2944:
2942:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2898:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2878:Ellis, p. 448
2875:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2834:
2825:
2823:
2813:
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2328:
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2309:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:Colmar Pocket
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2246:prisoner and
2233:
2209:50,000 German
2199:
2190:10,000 killed
2155:80,000 troops
2148:
2145:, Wilmot and
2144:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2094:90th Division
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2002:
2000:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1982:16,714 airmen
1974:36,976 killed
1966:
1956:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1890:
1886:
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1879:
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1871:
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1701:
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1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1587:8.8 cm PaK 43
1584:
1580:
1579:Cromwell tank
1574:
1569:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:US VIII Corps
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:US First Army
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:included the
1390:
1384:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1346:First US Army
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:US Third Army
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1279:
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1263:
1259:
1255:
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1189:
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1123:
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1118:
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1108:
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1103:
1102:
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1100:
1094:
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1046:
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1035:
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1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1014:
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1011:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
998:
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993:
992:
988:
986:
985:
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979:
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974:
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966:
962:
960:
959:
955:
953:
952:
948:
946:
945:
941:
939:
936:
932:
931:Ardenne Abbey
929:
928:
927:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
909:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
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886:
883:
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869:
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859:
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849:
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845:
844:
841:
833:
830:
828:
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824:
823:
820:
816:
813:
812:
811:
808:
807:
806:
805:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
778:
774:
773:
772:
767:
766:Pointe du Hoc
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
749:
748:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
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723:
721:
718:
717:
716:
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714:
707:
706:
702:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
687:
683:
682:
681:
678:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
661:
657:
655:
654:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
631:
628:
626:
625:
621:
619:
618:
614:
612:
611:
607:
606:
605:
604:
600:
598:
597:Atlantic Wall
595:
594:
593:
588:
581:
571:
566:
564:
559:
557:
552:
551:
548:
531:
523:
522:
521:
513:
501:
494:
487:
480:
473:
472:United States
470:
469:
464:
460:
457:
456:
451:
448:
443:
437:
432:
426:
421:
416:
414:
409:
403:
398:
392:
387:
381:
376:
370:
365:
360:
359:
354:
351:
346:
340:
335:
329:
324:
318:
316:
310:
305:
300:
298:
293:
287:
282:
276:
271:
265:
264:Miles Dempsey
260:
254:
249:
243:
238:
232:
227:
222:
221:
216:
212:
200:
198:
193:
187:
182:
176:
164:
152:
151:United States
141:
140:
135:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
8258:Tank battles
8200:
8080:
8074:Other places
7885:(UK, Canada)
7798:
7707:World War II
7652:Bibliography
7635:
7448:Project Hula
7413:VistulaâOder
7382:
7315:
7306:
7290:
7260:
7209:
7193:
7184:
7175:
7141:
7038:
6953:
6929:
6892:
6643:
6536:
6481:North Africa
6183:Soviet Union
6137:Soviet Union
6063:Soviet Union
5831:Vatican City
5734:Vichy France
5639:German Reich
5536:Soviet Union
5522:South Africa
5515:Sierra Leone
5468:Newfoundland
5287:Participants
5270:Marocchinate
4974:
4965:
4935:
4813:North Africa
4774:Indian Ocean
4633:Nazi plunder
4524:Cryptography
4397:World War II
4355:. Retrieved
4351:the original
4346:
4327:the original
4314:the original
4297:. Retrieved
4293:the original
4277:. Retrieved
4273:the original
4257:. Retrieved
4253:the original
4201:. New York:
4198:
4163:
4140:
4117:
4089:
4084:Williams, A.
4065:
4043:
4020:
3997:
3993:
3981:. Retrieved
3974:the original
3935:
3909:
3886:
3860:
3840:. Solihull:
3837:
3819:B T Batsford
3814:
3805:
3779:
3766:. New York:
3763:
3737:
3734:Hastings, M.
3711:
3688:
3668:. New York:
3665:
3625:
3604:. New York:
3599:
3573:
3551:
3528:
3505:
3477:
3472:Bercuson, D.
3449:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3403:
3394:
3385:
3376:
3367:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3307:
3284:
3272:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3182:
3173:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3078:
3057:
3048:
3039:
3030:
3005:
2996:
2975:
2952:
2931:
2922:
2897:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2833:
2798:
2789:
2780:
2759:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2663:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2583:Hart, p. 38.
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2526:the original
2521:
2512:
2500:. Retrieved
2495:
2486:
2477:
2442:Hans Speidel
2436:
2427:
2334:
2321:
2312:
2217:40,000 taken
2127:
2118:Omar Bradley
2111:
2105:
2090:
2070:Harry Crerar
2058:Max Hastings
2050:
2039:
2030:
2026:
1995:
1990:
1961:
1936:
1923:
1904:Paul Hausser
1901:
1867:
1858:2nd Armoured
1850:
1831:Encirclement
1814:
1807:
1801:
1798:Walter Model
1794:20 July plot
1790:
1783:
1764:
1725:
1713:
1687:
1685:
1649:
1593:
1556:
1514:
1506:Army Group B
1498:Adolf Hitler
1471:
1440:Omar Bradley
1421:
1409:VII US Corps
1386:
1350:
1319:
1304:
1274:Army Group B
1237:
1233:
1231:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1125:Audierne Bay
1098:
1097:
1051:
1044:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
1001:
990:
983:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
907:
891:
839:
838:
803:
802:
776:
770:
745:
744:
711:
710:
704:
685:
676:
675:
659:
653:Postage Able
652:
623:
616:
609:
602:
591:
514:
499:
492:
485:
478:
471:
339:Paul Hausser
328:Walter Model
314:
253:Harry Crerar
242:Omar Bradley
137:Belligerents
119:
42:Part of the
29:
8132:Dieppe Raid
8065:Mont Canisy
7383:Bodenplatte
7269:Gothic Line
6488:West Africa
6035:Philippines
6014:Netherlands
5879:Czech lands
5817:Switzerland
5761:Afghanistan
5705:Philippines
5573:Puerto Rico
5489:Philippines
5475:New Zealand
5461:Netherlands
5414:Free France
5165:Prosecution
4966:Osoaviakhim
4836:West Africa
4820:East Africa
4467:Conferences
3932:Shulman, M.
3865:Thunder Bay
3531:. Toronto:
2574:Trew, p. 48
2522:Info-Poland
2496:History Net
2244:5,000 taken
2215:killed and
2213:10,000 were
2200:wrote that
1863:St. Lambert
1748:smokescreen
1720:US XV Corps
1688:Falaise gap
1652:envelopment
1646:Allied plan
1640:Guy Simonds
1456:Pontaubault
1254:von Falaise
1173:Houndsworth
1093:La Rochelle
486:Free French
103: /
8207:Categories
8142:Rhino tank
8030:Amfreville
7714:Operations
7483:West Hunan
7316:Pointblank
6645:Silver Fox
6631:Summer War
6384:Winter War
6363:Phoney War
6144:Azerbaijan
6105:Yugoslavia
6000:Luxembourg
5842:Resistance
5582:Yugoslavia
5447:Luxembourg
5249:Sook Ching
5045:War crimes
4647:Technology
4640:Opposition
4582:Lend-Lease
4559:Australian
4552:Home front
4510:Blitzkrieg
4460:Casualties
4451:Commanders
4423:Operations
4357:10 January
4195:Keegan, J.
4094:. London:
3817:. London:
3764:Top Secret
3693:Square One
3662:Essame, H.
3576:. London:
3454:Hutchinson
3452:. London:
3441:References
2124:Casualties
1819:of the US
1538:Panzer IVs
1372:Background
1284:(formerly
1219:Cemeteries
1073:Saint-Malo
642:Pointblank
88:48°53â˛34âłN
7986:Logistics
7901:Cherbourg
7848:Tractable
7774:Fortitude
7750:Charnwood
7548:Manchuria
7434:Indochina
7210:Bagration
6654:Lithuania
6299:Anschluss
6096:Viet Minh
5993:Lithuania
5935:Hong Kong
5698:Manchukuo
5653:Azad Hind
5312:Australia
5112:Aftermath
4975:Paperclip
4870:Aftermath
4670:Total war
4538:Diplomacy
4501:In Europe
3970:606015967
3940:Kessinger
3934:(2007) .
3736:(2006) .
3664:(1988) .
3648:cite book
3620:(2004) .
3606:Doubleday
3572:(2004) .
3504:(1999) .
3474:(2004) .
2502:12 August
2456:Citations
2304:Footnotes
2261:500 tanks
2256:152 other
2240:2,000 men
2225:344 tanks
2106:SS-Panzer
2066:Blumenson
1945:Aftermath
1939:Coudehard
1854:Champeaux
1785:Waffen SS
1738:down the
1628:Cintheaux
1583:Willys MB
1436:Avranches
1397:Cherbourg
1243:âšSee Tfdâş
1213:Aftermath
1166:Bulbasket
1115:Cherbourg
1052:Tractable
965:Charnwood
880:Cherbourg
804:Logistics
610:Fortitude
603:Bodyguard
91:0°11â˛31âłW
8154:(France)
8110:See also
8086:Hill 262
8060:Merville
8045:Houlgate
8040:Crisbecq
8035:Azeville
7972:(Canada)
7915:(Canada)
7895:Chambois
7889:Carentan
7877:BrĂŠville
7856:(Canada)
7842:Totalize
7826:(Canada)
7802:(German)
7780:Goodwood
7744:Bluecoat
7740:(Canada)
7738:Atlantic
7721:Overlord
7659:Category
7608:document
7518:document
7375:Ardennes
7359:Budapest
7307:Crossbow
7185:Overlord
7024:Smolensk
6235:Timeline
6070:Slovakia
6056:Thailand
5907:Ethiopia
5872:Bulgaria
5796:Portugal
5727:Thailand
5609:Bulgaria
5387:Eswatini
5380:Ethiopia
5333:Bulgaria
5158:Unit 731
5119:Response
4936:Keelhaul
4886:Cold War
4859:Americas
4850:timeline
4843:Atlantic
4723:Theaters
4197:(2006).
4168:Stoddart
4145:Casemate
4120:. Ware:
4086:(2004).
4064:(2003).
3914:Casemate
3804:(1953).
3778:(2001).
3762:(1946).
3598:(1948).
2267:See also
2248:55 tanks
2242:killed,
2236:252 guns
2229:as 2,447
2198:Williams
2133:killed,
2116:â
2085:Tiger II
2044:â
2017:Chambois
2004:â
1950:Analysis
1895:Hill 262
1870:Hill 262
1837:Hill 262
1823:and the
1776:Soulangy
1770:and the
1671:Argentan
1604:Kangaroo
1542:Panthers
1532:and the
1478:7th Army
1448:Saint-LĂ´
1442:, began
1422:General
1362:Hill 262
1315:Saint-LĂ´
1280:and the
1278:7th Army
1187:Jedburgh
1110:La Caine
1063:Chambois
1058:Hill 262
1037:Hill 140
1031:Totalize
1024:Bluecoat
1003:Breakout
991:Goodwood
984:Atlantic
978:2nd Odon
902:BrĂŠville
868:Carentan
863:Saint-LĂ´
853:Graignes
827:Mulberry
810:American
660:Tarbrush
617:Zeppelin
453:Strength
436:7th Army
402:2nd Army
391:1st Army
380:3rd Army
369:1st Army
80:, France
78:Normandy
73:Location
7864:Battles
7854:Windsor
7830:Titanic
7812:Martlet
7806:Mallard
7799:LĂźttich
7792:Jupiter
7727:Neptune
7585:Shumshu
7352:Hungary
7299:Estonia
7283:Lapland
7261:Dragoon
7194:Neptune
7176:Ichi-Go
7142:Tempest
7084:Changde
7039:Cottage
6931:Jubilee
6640:Finland
6538:Compass
6244:Prelude
6197:Finland
6083:Vietnam
6049:Romania
5921:Germany
5900:Estonia
5886:Denmark
5865:Belgium
5858:Austria
5851:Albania
5782:Ireland
5768:Andorra
5752:Neutral
5712:Romania
5646:Hungary
5631:Finland
5503:Romania
5395:Finland
5373:Denmark
5319:Belgium
5305:Algeria
5011:Romania
4997:Hungary
4753:Pacific
4477:General
4431:Leaders
4416:Battles
4409:Outline
3983:6 April
3624:(ed.).
2252:44 guns
2143:Shulman
1718:of the
1675:Alençon
1664:General
1544:and 32
1474:Le Mans
1268:around
1260:in the
1201:Wallace
1194:Dragoon
1152:Titanic
1145:Samwest
1138:Dingson
1068:Falaise
1045:LĂźttich
972:Jupiter
958:Windsor
944:Martlet
938:Douvres
873:Hill 30
822:British
735:Detroit
730:Chicago
705:Mallard
624:Titanic
592:Prelude
490:Unknown
483:Unknown
476:Unknown
315:†
211:Germany
7824:Spring
7562:Debate
7534:Taipei
7527:Borneo
7105:Tarawa
6292:Europe
6253:Africa
6042:Poland
6028:Norway
6007:Malaya
5986:Latvia
5928:Greece
5914:France
5810:Sweden
5775:Bhutan
5496:Poland
5482:Norway
5454:Mexico
5421:Greece
5407:France
5345:Canada
5326:Brazil
5296:Allies
5242:Serbia
5231:Poland
5004:Poland
4990:Baltic
4783:Europe
4485:Topics
4437:Allied
4299:26 May
4279:26 May
4259:26 May
4209:
4174:
4151:
4128:
4102:
4072:
4050:
4031:
4008:
3968:
3946:
3920:
3897:
3871:
3848:
3842:Helion
3825:
3790:
3748:
3722:
3699:
3676:
3636:
3584:
3558:
3539:
3516:
3490:
3460:
2446:D'Este
2062:D'Este
2053:Wilmot
1682:Battle
1266:pocket
1252:Kessel
1247:German
1203:&
1180:Loyton
1159:Cooney
1105:Ushant
1017:Spring
777:Gambit
740:Elmira
725:Boston
720:Albany
671:Fabius
500:Poland
493:Canada
311:
208:
197:France
186:Poland
175:Canada
172:
160:
148:
116:Result
8122:D-Day
8055:Maisy
8008:Pluto
7976:Sword
7952:(US)
7950:Omaha
7871:Brest
7836:Tonga
7818:Perch
7768:Epsom
7756:Cobra
7338:Leyte
7168:Narva
7154:Anzio
7112:Makin
7070:Burma
6954:Torch
6923:Rzhev
6877:Kiska
5963:Korea
5949:Japan
5942:Italy
5824:Tibet
5803:Spain
5674:Italy
5435:Italy
5428:India
5352:China
5227:Japan
4827:Italy
4739:China
4691:Women
3996:[
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3962:(PDF)
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2299:Notes
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1999:Dante
1932:Tiger
1752:Dives
1740:Laize
1656:Loire
1550:Ultra
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1296:Seine
1205:Hardy
1088:Paris
1078:Brest
1010:Cobra
951:Epsom
908:Perch
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783:Sword
756:Omaha
686:Tonga
666:Tiger
7978:(UK)
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7966:(UK)
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7958:(US)
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6791:1942
6550:1941
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6269:Asia
6116:POWs
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5667:Iraq
5593:Axis
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3985:2014
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