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Biogeochemistry

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Evolutionary biogeochemistry is a branch of modern biogeochemistry that applies the study of biogeochemical cycles to the geologic history of the Earth. This field investigates the origin of biogeochemical cycles and how they have changed throughout the planet's history, specifically in relation to
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Woolman, T. A., & John, C. Y., 2013, An Analysis of the Use of Predictive Modeling with Business Intelligence Systems for Exploration of Precious Metals Using Biogeochemical Data. International Journal of Business Intelligence Research (IJBIR), 4(2), 39-53.v
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Agricultural interest in 18th-century soil chemistry led to better understanding of nutrients and their connection to biochemical processes. This relationship between the cycles of organic life and their chemical products was further expanded upon by
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is credited with outlining the broad scope and principles of this new field. More recently, the basic elements of the discipline of biogeochemistry were restated and popularized by the British scientist and writer,
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transported through earth scale biological systems in space and time. The field focuses on chemical cycles which are either driven by or influence biological activity. Particular emphasis is placed on the study of
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Cullen, Jay T.; McAlister, Jason (2017). "Chapter 2. Biogeochemistry of Lead. Its Release to the Environment and Chemical Speciation". In Astrid, S.; Helmut, S.; Sigel, R. K. O. (eds.).
358:) modify the biosphere and abiotic sphere. In the contemporary environment, the amount of influence humans have on the other two spheres is comparable to a geological force (see 1334: 1752: 1003: 1833: 1782: 1213:, are also studied. This research has obvious applications in the exploration of ore deposits and oil, and in the remediation of environmental pollution. 322:, formulated a physics of the Earth as a living whole. Vernadsky distinguished three spheres, where a sphere was a concept similar to the concept of a 2045: 1686: 1450: 2146: 2151: 1799: 2013: 519: 512: 1722: 2129: 2173: 86: 1947: 1857: 1662: 1426: 989: 274:
in 1802, and others continued to develop the concept throughout the 19th century. Early climate research by scientists like
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Vladimir I. Vernadsky, 2007, Essays on Geochemistry & the Biosphere, tr. Olga Barash, Santa Fe, NM, Synergetic Press,
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Schlesinger, W. H. 1997. Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change, 2nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
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Vladimir I. Vernadsky, 2007, Essays on Geochemistry and the Biosphere, tr. Olga Barash, Santa Fe, NM, Synergetic Press,
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Biogeochemistry research groups exist in many universities around the world. Since this is a highly
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Schlesinger, W. H., 2005. Biogeochemistry. Vol. 8 in: Treatise on Geochemistry. Elsevier Science.
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in a 1844 paper that is considered an important milestone in the development of biogeochemistry.
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Study of chemical cycles of the earth that are either driven by or influence biological activity
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processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment (including the
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Early Greeks established the core idea of biogeochemistry that nature consists of cycles.
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Bard, Edouard (2004-06-01). "Greenhouse effect and ice ages: historical perspective".
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Samuel S. Butcher et al. (Eds.), 1992, Global Biogeochemical Cycles. Academic,
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field, these are situated within a wide range of host disciplines including:
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Dmitrii Malyuga, 1995, Biogeochemical Methods of Prospecting. Springer,
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Susan M. Libes, 1992, Introduction to Marine Biogeochemistry. Wiley,
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The chemical and physiological balance of organic nature; an essay
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Biosphere – the life processes that live within the abiotic sphere
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Atlantic Data Base for Exchange Processes at the Deep Sea Floor
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Some important research fields for biogeochemistry include:
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Vladimir N. Bashkin, 2002, Modern Biogeochemistry. Kluwer,
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sphere – all the non-living energy and material processes
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Biogeochemistry : an analysis of global change
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Biogeochemistry : an analysis of global change
326:. He observed that each sphere had its own laws of 46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2014:Treatise on Geochemistry Volume 8. Biogeochemistry 181:). In particular, biogeochemistry is the study of 1848:Bashkin, Vladimir N.; Howarth, Robert W. (2002). 1565: 1102:. There are also macroscopic cycles, such as the 391:mechanisms to keep it habitable. The research of 3004: 1832:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1781:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1965: 1269: 1226:soil and water acidification recovery processes 1847: 1469:"Biogeochemistry: its origins and development" 2039: 1657:. Emily S. Bernhardt (4th ed.). London. 1519:"The evolution of biogeochemistry: revisited" 1421:. Emily S. Bernhardt (4th ed.). London. 997: 2019:International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme 1968:Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health 1650: 1414: 1255:biogeochemical prospecting for ore deposits 1094:, as well as molecular cycles, such as for 395:was concerned with the biochemistry of the 2046: 2032: 1815:. Archived from the original on 2017-10-16 1764:. Archived from the original on 2017-10-16 1685:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1566:Dumas, J.-B.; Boussingault, J. B. (1844). 1449:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1004: 990: 302:The founder of modern biogeochemistry was 2053: 1885:(originally published in Russian in 1924) 1641:(originally published in Russian in 1924) 1534: 106:Learn how and when to remove this message 1712: 402: 354:Human activities (e.g., agriculture and 120: 1516: 1026:(are turned over or moved through) the 3005: 1466: 250: 2027: 1871:Representative books and publications 1042:and the abiotic compartments are the 2961: 1590: 1512: 1510: 1462: 1460: 44:adding citations to reliable sources 15: 2985: 1852:. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publ. 912:Biogeochemical planetary boundaries 13: 2002:. A journal published by Springer. 1395:Physical impacts of climate change 14: 3039: 2007: 1517:Bianchi, Thomas S. (2021-06-01). 1507: 1457: 1355:Environmental engineering science 1169:Many researchers investigate the 2984: 2972: 2960: 2949: 2948: 1651:Schlesinger, William H. (2020). 1415:Schlesinger, William H. (2020). 1375:Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry 1313: 1299: 1285: 1038:. The biotic compartment is the 971: 970: 422: 20: 1841: 1790: 1738: 297: 141:that involves the study of the 31:needs additional citations for 1693: 1644: 1627: 1584: 1559: 1408: 242: 1: 2313:Interface and colloid science 2067:Glossary of chemical formulae 1958:. A journal published by the 1467:Gorham, Eville (1991-01-01). 1401: 226:cycles. Biogeochemistry is a 1954:Global Biogeochemical Cycles 1385:Marine biogeochemical cycles 1270:Evolutionary Biogeochemistry 657:Marine biogeochemical cycles 129:, founder of biogeochemistry 7: 2590:Bioorganometallic chemistry 2077:List of inorganic compounds 1278: 1117: 1114:for a long period of time. 10: 3044: 2516:Dynamic covalent chemistry 2487:Enantioselective synthesis 2467:Physical organic chemistry 2420:Organolanthanide chemistry 1960:American Geophysical Union 1744:Fisher M. R. (Ed.) (2019) 1613:10.1016/j.crte.2004.02.005 1536:10.1007/s10533-020-00708-0 1019:are the pathways by which 314:scientist whose 1926 book 237: 2944: 2847: 2608: 2524: 2445: 2395: 2271: 2214: 2105:Electroanalytical methods 2090: 2062: 1976:10.1515/9783110434330-002 1750:3.2 Biogeochemical Cycles 1593:Comptes Rendus Geoscience 1241:environmental remediation 1108:polychlorinated biphenyls 381:, under the label of the 2860:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2776:Supramolecular chemistry 2415:Organometallic chemistry 1578:10.5962/bhl.title.137099 725:Arctic methane emissions 720:clathrate gun hypothesis 635:Carbonate–silicate cycle 2798:Combinatorial chemistry 2709:Food physical chemistry 2672:Environmental chemistry 2556:Bioorthogonal chemistry 2482:Retrosynthetic analysis 2303:Chemical thermodynamics 2286:Spectroelectrochemistry 2229:Computational chemistry 1275:the evolution of life. 1144:environmental chemistry 879:environmental chemistry 2870:of element discoveries 2716:Agricultural chemistry 2704:Carbohydrate chemistry 2595:Bioinorganic chemistry 2460:Alkane stereochemistry 2405:Coordination chemistry 2234:Mathematical chemistry 2100:Instrumental chemistry 1850:Modern biogeochemistry 347:– the sphere of human 318:, in the tradition of 131: 3018:Chemical oceanography 2865:Timeline of chemistry 2762:Post-mortem chemistry 2747:Clandestine chemistry 2677:Atmospheric chemistry 2600:Biophysical chemistry 2432:Solid-state chemistry 2382:Equilibrium chemistry 2291:Photoelectrochemistry 1797:Biogeochemical Cycles 1746:Environmental Biology 1732:Encyclopedia of Earth 1720:Biogeochemical cycles 1293:Earth sciences portal 1264:chemical oceanography 1171:biogeochemical cycles 1164:environmental science 1017:Biogeochemical cycles 416:Biogeochemical cycles 403:Biogeochemical cycles 266:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 183:biogeochemical cycles 139:scientific discipline 124: 2855:History of chemistry 2810:Chemical engineering 2585:Bioorganic chemistry 2335:Structural chemistry 2072:List of biomolecules 1707:Precambrian Research 1236:carbon sequestration 1128:atmospheric sciences 562:nitrogen and lichens 374:G. Evelyn Hutchinson 268:first used the term 40:improve this article 2878:The central science 2832:Ceramic engineering 2757:Forensic toxicology 2730:Chemistry education 2628:Radiation chemistry 2610:Interdisciplinarity 2563:Medicinal chemistry 2501:Fullerene chemistry 2377:Microwave chemistry 2246:Molecular mechanics 2241:Molecular modelling 1700:Manfred Schidlowski 1605:2004CRGeo.336..603B 1197:, as well as their 1021:chemical substances 900:Ocean acidification 710:Atmospheric methane 410:Part of a series on 393:Manfred Schidlowski 251:18th-19th centuries 230:closely related to 2921:Chemical substance 2783:Chemical synthesis 2752:Forensic chemistry 2633:Actinide chemistry 2575:Clinical chemistry 2256:Molecular geometry 2251:Molecular dynamics 2206:Elemental analysis 2159:Separation process 1802:2021-09-27 at the 1755:2021-09-27 at the 1725:2021-11-22 at the 1485:10.1007/BF00002942 1321:Environment portal 1223:of natural systems 304:Vladimir Vernadsky 132: 127:Vladimir Vernadsky 3000: 2999: 2936:Quantum mechanics 2901:Chemical compound 2884:Chemical reaction 2822:Materials science 2740:General chemistry 2735:Amateur chemistry 2663:Photogeochemistry 2648:Stellar chemistry 2618:Nuclear chemistry 2539:Molecular biology 2506:Polymer chemistry 2477:Organic synthesis 2472:Organic reactions 2437:Ceramic chemistry 2427:Cluster chemistry 2357:Chemical kinetics 2345:Molecular physics 2224:Quantum chemistry 2137:Mass spectrometry 1948:978-0-306-10682-8 1859:978-1-4020-0992-1 1718:Moses, M. (2012) 1664:978-0-12-814609-5 1428:978-0-12-814609-5 1232:of surface waters 1201:. The cycles of 1175:chemical elements 1124:interdisciplinary 1014: 1013: 869:geochemical cycle 715:Methane clathrate 513:mycorrhizal fungi 503:deep carbon cycle 349:cognitive process 187:chemical elements 116: 115: 108: 90: 55:"Biogeochemistry" 3035: 2988: 2987: 2976: 2964: 2963: 2952: 2951: 2896:Chemical element 2551:Chemical biology 2410:Magnetochemistry 2387:Mechanochemistry 2340:Chemical physics 2281:Electrochemistry 2186:Characterization 2048: 2041: 2034: 2025: 2024: 1987: 1864: 1863: 1845: 1839: 1837: 1831: 1823: 1821: 1820: 1794: 1788: 1786: 1780: 1772: 1770: 1769: 1742: 1736: 1716: 1710: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1684: 1676: 1648: 1642: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1588: 1582: 1581: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1538: 1514: 1505: 1504: 1464: 1455: 1454: 1448: 1440: 1412: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1309: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1295: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1034:compartments of 1006: 999: 992: 979: 974: 973: 886:Biosequestration 874:chemical cycling 584:Phosphorus cycle 447:deep water cycle 426: 407: 406: 185:, the cycles of 111: 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3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3008: 2993: 2992: 2983: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2926:Chemical bond 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2887: 2886: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2815:Stoichiometry 2813: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2772: 2771:Nanochemistry 2769: 2768: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2701: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2596: 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2197: 2196:Wet chemistry 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2037: 2035: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1937:0-471-50946-9 1934: 1930: 1927: 1926:0-12-147685-5 1923: 1919: 1916: 1915:1-4020-0992-5 1912: 1908: 1906: 1905:0-08-044642-6 1902: 1898: 1895: 1894:0-12-625155-X 1891: 1887: 1884: 1883:0-907791-36-0 1880: 1876: 1875: 1861: 1855: 1851: 1844: 1835: 1829: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1793: 1784: 1778: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1715: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1696: 1688: 1682: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1647: 1640: 1639:0-907791-36-0 1636: 1630: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1587: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1562: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1513: 1511: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1463: 1461: 1452: 1446: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1424: 1420: 1419: 1411: 1407: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1365:Geophysiology 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1316: 1311: 1308: 1297: 1294: 1283: 1276: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1246:global change 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1211:radionuclides 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1160:earth science 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1007: 1002: 1000: 995: 993: 988: 987: 985: 984: 978: 968: 967: 966: 965: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 943: 938: 935: 933: 930: 929: 922: 921: 913: 910: 906: 903: 902: 901: 898: 897: 892: 889: 887: 884: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 866: 865: 862: 861: 854: 853: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 746: 742: 737: 736: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 716: 713: 711: 708: 707: 703: 702:Methane cycle 698: 697: 689: 686: 684: 681: 677: 674: 672: 669: 668: 667: 664: 663: 658: 655: 654: 650: 645: 644: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 625:Calcium cycle 623: 622: 618: 613: 612: 602: 599: 598: 597: 594: 590: 587: 586: 585: 582: 580: 577: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 557:nitrification 555: 553: 550: 549: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 535: 530: 529: 521: 518: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 495: 494: 493:Sequestration 491: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 472: 469: 468: 464: 459: 458: 448: 445: 444: 443: 440: 439: 435: 430: 429: 425: 421: 420: 417: 414: 413: 409: 408: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 385: 380: 375: 372: 368: 365:The American 363: 361: 357: 350: 346: 342: 339: 336: 333: 332: 331: 329: 325: 321: 317: 316:The Biosphere 313: 309: 305: 295: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 276:Charles Lyell 273: 272: 267: 263: 259: 248: 235: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 200: 199:living things 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 128: 123: 110: 107: 99: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: 67: 64: 60: 57: â€“  56: 52: 51:Find sources: 45: 41: 35: 34: 29:This article 27: 23: 18: 17: 2989: 2977: 2965: 2953: 2803:Biosynthesis 2657: 2653:Geochemistry 2568:Pharmacology 2544:Cell biology 2534:Biochemistry 2362:Spectroscopy 2261:VSEPR theory 2110:Spectroscopy 2054:Branches of 1998: 1967: 1953: 1849: 1843: 1817:. Retrieved 1807: 1792: 1766:. Retrieved 1759:, OpenStax. 1745: 1740: 1730: 1714: 1703: 1695: 1653: 1646: 1629: 1596: 1592: 1586: 1568: 1561: 1526: 1522: 1476: 1472: 1417: 1410: 1360:Geochemistry 1273: 1215: 1207:trace metals 1168: 1156:soil science 1152:oceanography 1121: 1015: 863: 829:ozone–oxygen 741:Other cycles 649:Marine cycle 630:Silica cycle 601:assimilation 596:Sulfur cycle 589:assimilation 579:Oxygen cycle 572:assimilation 552:human impact 463:Carbon cycle 382: 364: 360:Anthropocene 353: 315: 301: 298:20th century 280:John Tyndall 269: 262:Boussingault 254: 246: 134: 133: 102: 93: 83: 76: 69: 62: 50: 38:Please help 33:verification 30: 2991:WikiProject 2216:Theoretical 2201:Calorimetry 1340:Carbon sink 1112:sequestered 1052:lithosphere 1048:hydrosphere 676:viral shunt 508:soil carbon 498:carbon sink 481:terrestrial 476:atmospheric 442:Water cycle 434:Water cycle 397:Early Earth 367:limnologist 324:phase-space 243:Early Greek 179:lithosphere 167:hydrosphere 3007:Categories 2827:Metallurgy 2526:Biological 2092:Analytical 1819:2022-05-20 1768:2022-05-20 1673:1183905251 1437:1183905251 1402:References 1350:Edaphology 1191:phosphorus 1104:rock cycle 1080:phosphorus 1044:atmosphere 617:Rock cycle 371:geochemist 343:Nöesis or 292:weathering 288:glaciation 224:phosphorus 177:, and the 175:atmosphere 171:pedosphere 163:cryosphere 155:biological 151:geological 66:newspapers 3023:Limnology 2889:Catalysis 2397:Inorganic 2191:Titration 2056:chemistry 1681:cite book 1621:1631-0713 1553:227165026 1545:1573-515X 1501:128563314 1493:1573-515X 1445:cite book 1370:GEOTRACES 1330:Acid rain 1221:modelling 1040:biosphere 937:GEOTRACES 905:acid rain 819:manganese 345:noosphere 328:evolution 320:Mendeleev 312:Ukrainian 271:biosphere 159:biosphere 2955:Category 2911:Molecule 2848:See also 2273:Physical 1984:28731295 1828:cite web 1808:OpenStax 1800:Archived 1777:cite web 1753:Archived 1723:Archived 1390:Pedology 1279:See also 1209:and the 1187:nitrogen 1177:such as 1118:Research 1084:selenium 1072:nitrogen 1064:hydrogen 1030:and the 977:Category 839:vanadium 834:selenium 789:fluorine 779:chromium 774:chlorine 749:aluminum 567:fixation 389:feedback 356:industry 208:nitrogen 195:nitrogen 189:such as 147:physical 143:chemical 96:May 2023 2967:Commons 2931:Alchemy 2447:Organic 1601:Bibcode 1148:geology 1136:ecology 1132:biology 1068:mercury 1056:calcium 1032:abiotic 824:mercury 814:lithium 769:cadmium 764:bromine 754:arsenic 486:oceanic 335:Abiotic 308:Russian 238:History 137:is the 80:scholar 2979:Portal 2125:UV-Vis 1982:  1946:  1935:  1924:  1913:  1903:  1892:  1881:  1856:  1705:. In: 1671:  1661:  1637:  1619:  1551:  1543:  1499:  1491:  1435:  1425:  1195:sulfur 1183:oxygen 1179:carbon 1100:silica 1092:sulfur 1076:oxygen 1060:carbon 1028:biotic 975:  799:iodine 784:copper 471:Global 282:, and 222:, and 216:sulfur 212:oxygen 204:carbon 191:carbon 173:, the 169:, the 165:, the 161:, the 153:, and 82:  75:  68:  61:  53:  2152:MALDI 2120:Raman 1549:S2CID 1497:S2CID 1380:IMBER 1096:water 1036:Earth 1024:cycle 956:SOLAS 946:IMBER 759:boron 258:Dumas 87:JSTOR 73:books 2906:Atom 2174:HPLC 1980:PMID 1944:ISBN 1933:ISBN 1922:ISBN 1911:ISBN 1901:ISBN 1890:ISBN 1879:ISBN 1854:ISBN 1834:link 1783:link 1687:link 1669:OCLC 1659:ISBN 1635:ISBN 1617:ISSN 1541:ISSN 1489:ISSN 1451:link 1433:OCLC 1423:ISBN 1193:and 1162:and 1154:and 1098:and 1090:and 1088:iron 1050:and 951:NOBM 932:DAAC 844:zinc 809:lead 804:iron 794:gold 369:and 310:and 306:, a 260:and 220:iron 193:and 59:news 2916:Ion 2147:ICP 2130:NMR 1972:doi 1609:doi 1597:336 1574:doi 1531:doi 1527:154 1481:doi 1173:of 362:). 42:by 3009:: 2646:/ 2642:/ 2494:/ 2169:GC 2142:EI 2115:IR 1978:. 1830:}} 1826:{{ 1806:, 1779:}} 1775:{{ 1748:, 1729:. 1702:: 1683:}} 1679:{{ 1667:. 1615:. 1607:. 1595:. 1547:. 1539:. 1525:. 1521:. 1509:^ 1495:. 1487:. 1477:13 1475:. 1471:. 1459:^ 1447:}} 1443:{{ 1431:. 1189:, 1185:, 1181:, 1166:. 1150:, 1146:, 1142:, 1138:, 1134:, 1130:, 1086:, 1082:, 1078:, 1074:, 1070:, 1066:, 1062:, 1058:, 1046:, 399:. 290:, 278:, 234:. 218:, 214:, 210:, 206:, 149:, 145:, 2880:" 2876:" 2047:e 2040:t 2033:v 1994:. 1986:. 1974:: 1962:. 1950:. 1939:. 1928:. 1917:. 1896:. 1862:. 1838:. 1836:) 1822:. 1787:. 1785:) 1771:. 1735:. 1689:) 1675:. 1623:. 1611:: 1603:: 1580:. 1576:: 1555:. 1533:: 1503:. 1483:: 1453:) 1439:. 1005:e 998:t 991:v 109:) 103:( 98:) 94:( 84:· 77:· 70:· 63:· 36:.

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Vladimir Vernadsky
scientific discipline
chemical
physical
geological
biological
biosphere
cryosphere
hydrosphere
pedosphere
atmosphere
lithosphere
biogeochemical cycles
chemical elements
carbon
nitrogen
living things
carbon

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