254:
903:
25:
370:
915:
882:
927:
600:
was not working properly due to a mud dauber wasp having made a nest in a pitot tube, confusing the pilots about whether the plane's speed was too fast or too slow. The black box, data recorder pointed to error by the captain, because instead of measuring the air speed through one of the working air
340:
to the
Dominican Republic, where the aircraft was registered with the partner company on October 25, 1995, with the registration HI-660CA. The aircraft officially leased to Alas Nacionales continued to wear the colors of Turkish society except for a changed lettering. Its charter flights between the
129:
360:
caused a sharp decline in reservations. As a result, Birgenair suspended all flights immediately after the crash. It was originally planned to resume flight operations in the following year. However, the company filed for bankruptcy later that year.
332:, but no aircraft. Alas Nacionales applied for route rights for flights to Germany, which should be operated by Birgenair. In return, the shareholders of the Dominican company were offered the prospect of a bonus of 10
297:. To improve the utilization of the aircraft, the Boeing 757 was operated temporarily for other airlines in the wet-lease in the winter months with little demand, including for the Caribbean Airways, based in
324:
In order to be able to continue its transatlantic flights in the winter season 1995/96, Öger Tours and
Birgenair entered into a cooperation with the newly founded Dominican company
601:
speed indicators he continued to use the faulty indicator and did not return to the airport. The aircraft was leased due to a problem on the scheduled aircraft for the flight.
859:
It had not been flown for 20 days before the accident...Investigators believe that the engine and pitot covers were not installed before or after the engine ground test.
349:
in
November 1995 and used it on five flight pairs between the Dominican Republic and Buenos Aires. After the lease ended in January 1996, the Boeing 757 was parked in
1192:
1048:
793:
596:
26 kilometres off-shore. All 176 passengers and 13 crew members were killed on impact. It was found that one of the air speed indicators of the
1278:
1147:
1038:
959:
346:
1288:
1283:
1273:
1268:
1293:
1263:
556:
318:
89:
1099:
610:
61:
108:
952:
68:
46:
1167:
150:
736:
75:
785:
378:
945:
356:
Massive negative publicity about
Birgenair and other discount flight organizers in Germany following the
689:[TIME ONLINE | Read zeit.de with advertising or with a PUR subscription. You have the choice.].
629:
193:
1122:
968:
893:
886:
541:
314:
42:
57:
145:
140:
289:
that allowed the company to expand in the early 1990s. In April 1992, the fleet was expanded with a
329:
1157:
823:
381:
in 1995. This aircraft, TC-GEN, would later crash near Puerto Plata in the
Dominican Republic as
262:
35:
815:
1202:
1232:
1237:
585:
577:
571:
494:
382:
357:
242:
8:
350:
1089:
1053:
589:
82:
1058:
1043:
1007:
341:
Dominican
Republic and Germany began a week later. In addition, Birgenair rented its
336:
per passenger carried. After receiving the flight rights, Birgenair transferred its
1242:
1212:
1172:
1117:
1012:
986:
931:
874:
501:
337:
711:
919:
686:"ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl"
523:
516:
415:
325:
270:
258:
269:
Birgenair was founded in 1988 and began flight operations in August 1989 with a
1177:
597:
593:
479:
461:
438:
374:
342:
306:
294:
290:
253:
816:"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 757-225 TC-GEN Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic"
1257:
1207:
1084:
907:
333:
282:
274:
1217:
1112:
1079:
278:
843:
761:
685:
241:, Turkey. It ceased operations in October 1996, following the accident of
1132:
234:
188:
1222:
1017:
1187:
937:
581:
273:. The aircraft initially came on special charter flights for Turkish
24:
1197:
1107:
1033:
298:
238:
211:
369:
1227:
1162:
1152:
1137:
1074:
844:"Erroneous airspeed indications cited in Boeing 757 control loss"
453:
389:
Over the years, Birgenair operated the following aircraft types:
310:
302:
128:
1127:
972:
881:
788:[Foreign Registered – OH-LHB – Birgen Air (Finnair)].
1182:
430:
1002:
891:
849:. Flight Safety Foundation. October 1999. p. 2
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
786:"Yabancı Tescilli – OH-LHB – Birgen Air (Finnair)"
684:
584:, Germany but crashed shortly after take-off from
328:in 1995. This Puerto Plata-based company held an
1255:
281:in Turkey, a close cooperation with the German
693:(in German). No. 8. 1996-02-16. p. 5
674:JP airline-fleets international, Edition 94/95
665:JP airline-fleets international, Edition 93/94
644:JP airline-fleets international, Edition 90/91
630:60 Flight International. 29 March-4 April 1995
953:
656:Leisure Airlines of Europe, K. Vomhof, 2001
960:
946:
762:"7O-ACX | Boeing 727-2N8(Adv) | Birgenair"
565:
237:established in 1988 with headquarters in
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
652:
650:
368:
252:
301:. The company sold its DC-8 in 1994 to
1256:
967:
1279:Turkish companies established in 1988
941:
712:"Birgenair Fleet Details and History"
647:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
677:
13:
1289:Defunct charter airlines of Turkey
813:
759:
611:List of defunct airlines of Turkey
14:
1305:
868:
1284:1996 disestablishments in Turkey
925:
913:
901:
880:
127:
23:
1274:Airlines disestablished in 1996
836:
807:
796:from the original on 2020-10-23
778:
34:needs additional citations for
753:
737:"YR-ABA TAROM Boeing 707-3K1C"
729:
704:
668:
659:
638:
623:
1:
1168:Golden International Airlines
616:
1269:Airlines established in 1988
790:Göklerdeyiz Havacılık Sitesi
358:crash that killed 189 people
305:and leased successively two
7:
1294:Companies based in Istanbul
604:
10:
1310:
1264:Defunct airlines of Turkey
1148:Boğaziçi Hava Taşımacılığı
569:
542:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30
315:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30
248:
1098:
1067:
1026:
995:
979:
379:Berlin Schönefeld Airport
345:to the Argentine airline
293:and in March 1993 with a
218:
207:
199:
187:
179:
171:
149:
144:
139:
135:
126:
364:
330:Air Operator Certificate
194:Istanbul Atatürk Airport
1158:Cyprus Turkish Airlines
824:Aviation Safety Network
633:World Airline Directory
566:Accidents and incidents
277:. With the increase in
263:London Stansted Airport
223:Mehmet Birgen (Founder)
16:Defunct Turkish Airline
1203:Orbit Express Airlines
386:
266:
1233:Tarhan Tower Airlines
1193:North Cyprus Airlines
889:at Wikimedia Commons
576:On February 6, 1996,
372:
256:
1238:TUR European Airways
586:Puerto Plata Airport
578:Birgenair Flight 301
572:Birgenair Flight 301
243:Birgenair Flight 301
43:improve this article
820:aviation-safety.net
394:
123:
1090:ULS Airlines Cargo
1054:Southwind Airlines
590:Dominican Republic
392:
387:
267:
121:
1251:
1250:
1123:Albatros Airlines
1059:Tailwind Airlines
1049:Mavi Gök Airlines
1044:Freebird Airlines
1008:Corendon Airlines
885:Media related to
741:Planespotters.net
716:Planespotters.net
563:
562:
228:
227:
180:Ceased operations
167:
166:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1301:
1243:Turkuaz Airlines
1213:Seabird Airlines
1173:Holiday Airlines
1118:Akdeniz Airlines
1013:Pegasus Airlines
987:Turkish Airlines
962:
955:
948:
939:
938:
930:
929:
928:
918:
917:
916:
906:
905:
904:
897:
884:
862:
861:
856:
854:
848:
840:
834:
833:
831:
830:
811:
805:
804:
802:
801:
782:
776:
775:
773:
772:
757:
751:
750:
748:
747:
733:
727:
726:
724:
722:
708:
702:
701:
699:
698:
688:
681:
675:
672:
666:
663:
657:
654:
645:
642:
636:
627:
502:Boeing 767-200ER
395:
393:Birgenair fleet
391:
338:Boeing 767-200ER
224:
137:
136:
131:
124:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1094:
1063:
1022:
991:
975:
966:
936:
926:
924:
914:
912:
902:
900:
892:
871:
866:
865:
852:
850:
846:
842:
841:
837:
828:
826:
814:Ranter, Harro.
812:
808:
799:
797:
784:
783:
779:
770:
768:
758:
754:
745:
743:
735:
734:
730:
720:
718:
710:
709:
705:
696:
694:
683:
682:
678:
673:
669:
664:
660:
655:
648:
643:
639:
628:
624:
619:
607:
574:
568:
524:Douglas DC-8-61
517:Alas Nacionales
493:One crashed as
416:Boeing 707-320C
367:
326:Alas Nacionales
271:Douglas DC-8-61
259:Douglas DC-8-61
251:
235:charter airline
222:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:Inter Airlines
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
992:
990:
989:
983:
981:
977:
976:
965:
964:
957:
950:
942:
935:
934:
922:
910:
878:
877:
870:
869:External links
867:
864:
863:
835:
806:
792:(in Turkish).
777:
760:Dallot, Remi.
752:
728:
703:
676:
667:
658:
646:
637:
621:
620:
618:
615:
614:
613:
606:
603:
598:Boeing 757-200
594:Atlantic Ocean
580:was bound for
570:Main article:
567:
564:
561:
560:
553:
550:
547:
544:
538:
537:
535:
532:
529:
526:
520:
519:
513:
510:
507:
504:
498:
497:
491:
488:
485:
482:
480:Boeing 757-200
476:
475:
473:
470:
467:
464:
462:Boeing 737-300
458:
457:
450:
447:
444:
441:
439:Boeing 727-200
435:
434:
427:
424:
421:
418:
412:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
375:Boeing 757-200
366:
363:
343:Boeing 757-200
307:Boeing 727-200
295:Boeing 737-300
291:Boeing 757-200
250:
247:
233:was a Turkish
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
154:
153:
148:
143:
133:
132:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1306:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Saga Airlines
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:Turkish Cargo
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
994:
988:
985:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
958:
956:
951:
949:
944:
943:
940:
933:
923:
921:
911:
909:
899:
898:
895:
890:
888:
883:
876:
873:
872:
860:
845:
839:
825:
821:
817:
810:
795:
791:
787:
781:
767:
763:
756:
742:
738:
732:
717:
713:
707:
692:
687:
680:
671:
662:
653:
651:
641:
634:
631:
626:
622:
612:
609:
608:
602:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
573:
558:
554:
551:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
518:
514:
511:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
496:
492:
489:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
455:
451:
448:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
432:
428:
425:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
396:
390:
384:
380:
376:
371:
362:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:tour operator
280:
276:
275:guest workers
272:
264:
260:
255:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
147:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1218:Sky Airlines
1142:
1113:Air Anatolia
1080:MNG Airlines
1039:BBN Airlines
980:Full-service
879:
858:
851:. Retrieved
838:
827:. Retrieved
819:
809:
798:. Retrieved
789:
780:
769:. Retrieved
765:
755:
744:. Retrieved
740:
731:
721:February 28,
719:. Retrieved
715:
706:
695:. Retrieved
690:
679:
670:
661:
640:
632:
625:
575:
555:Leased from
452:Leased from
429:Leased from
388:
373:A Birgenair
355:
351:Puerto Plata
323:
286:
279:mass tourism
268:
257:A Birgenair
230:
229:
208:Headquarters
183:October 1996
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1133:AtlasGlobal
404:Introduced
58:"Birgenair"
1258:Categories
1223:Sultan Air
1018:SunExpress
875:Fleet data
829:2021-07-04
800:2021-07-04
771:2021-07-04
746:2021-07-04
697:2021-07-04
617:References
515:Leased to
495:Flight 301
383:Flight 301
287:Öger Tours
285:developed
219:Key people
200:Fleet size
163:BIRGENAIR
69:newspapers
1188:Noble Air
1143:Birgenair
932:Companies
887:Birgenair
853:27 August
766:JetPhotos
582:Frankfurt
398:Aircraft
231:Birgenair
151:Call sign
122:Birgenair
99:July 2009
1198:Onur Air
1108:Air Alfa
1034:Air Anka
996:Low-cost
969:Airlines
920:Aviation
794:Archived
691:Die Zeit
605:See also
407:Retired
313:and one
299:Barbados
239:Istanbul
214:, Turkey
212:Istanbul
1228:Sunways
1163:Fly Air
1153:Borajet
1138:Bestair
1100:Defunct
1075:Air ACT
1027:Charter
894:Portals
588:in the
454:Yemenia
311:Yemenia
303:ABX Air
265:in 1989
249:History
172:Founded
83:scholar
1128:Ankair
973:Turkey
908:Turkey
557:Skyjet
410:Notes
401:Total
319:Skyjet
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1183:IZair
1068:Cargo
847:(PDF)
592:into
552:1994
549:1994
534:1994
531:1989
512:1996
509:1995
490:1996
487:1992
472:1996
469:1993
449:1994
446:1994
431:TAROM
426:1991
423:1991
365:Fleet
317:from
309:from
90:JSTOR
76:books
1003:AJet
855:2014
723:2021
347:STAF
189:Hubs
175:1988
160:BHY
146:ICAO
141:IATA
62:news
971:of
377:at
261:at
157:KT
45:by
1260::
857:.
822:.
818:.
764:.
739:.
714:.
649:^
559:.
546:1
528:1
506:1
484:2
466:1
456:.
443:2
433:.
420:1
353:.
334:DM
321:.
245:.
961:e
954:t
947:v
896::
832:.
803:.
774:.
749:.
725:.
700:.
635:.
385:.
203:1
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
