28:
27:
144:
There is no evidence from Asia Minor of the
Bithyno-Pontic era ever being used on anything other than coins. Inscriptions, however, survive from the northern shore of the Black Sea, the region that fell under the Bosporan Kingdom in the first four centuries AD. In the Bosporus, the era was used in
125:
used up to then. Since Pontus and
Bithynia were rivals at the time, the most likely date for the introduction of the Bithynian era into Pontus was during the brief alliance between the two countries during the invasion of
259:
Déscription du musée de feu le prince Basile
Kotschoubey d'après son catalogue manuscrit et recherches sur l'histoire et la numismatique des colonies grecques en Russie ainsi que des royaumes du Pont et du Bosphore
157:. His coins were minted in Bosporus, but were of the Pontic type. The first distinctly Bosporan coins, which bear Bosporan era dates, are from 281 BE (17/16 BC) and were issued by Queen
137:
in 63 BC. There is no evidence that it was suppressed by Roman authorities. Rather, the local authorities preferred to adopt new eras commemorating their joining the Roman province of
938:
614:
164:
The earliest inscription dated with the
Bosporan era can be read either 325 BE (AD 29) or else 313 (17) and mentions the reigning king,
299:
Scythians and Greeks: A Survey of
Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus
141:. The province thus had several dating systems in use, including the Seleucid era, but the Bithyno-Pontic era was not among them.
339:
Jakob Munk Højte, "From
Kingdom to Province: Reshaping Pontos after the Fall of Mithridates VI", in Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen (ed.),
220:
Early in the 20th century the start date of the calendar was revised by some to 298 BC, but this realignment has been abandoned.
385:
732:
1260:
933:
529:
569:
113:
carry no date, it is possible that the calendar was invented on this occasion. The era was adopted in Pontus under
1235:
979:
727:
17:
722:
1255:
912:
782:
1245:
1122:
1102:
1250:
1112:
1084:
917:
696:
211:
argues for "Bosporan era" because it remained in use in the
Bosporus much longer than anywhere else.
1179:
378:
158:
114:
102:
1117:
1067:
854:
701:
356:
Perl, G. "Zur
Chronologie der Königreiche Bithynia, Pontos und Bosporos." In J. Harmatta (ed.),
101:
The earliest evidence for the use of the
Bithynian era is some coins dating from 149/8 BC, when
1230:
1017:
818:
564:
463:
106:
87:
619:
134:
1052:
993:
969:
964:
8:
1079:
974:
892:
882:
657:
574:
554:
544:
371:
146:
1204:
1184:
1062:
1047:
1032:
954:
753:
717:
519:
293:
154:
149:. The first Bosporan coins bearing the era are from the reign of Mithridates VI's son,
138:
91:
1240:
1012:
808:
803:
647:
483:
297:
95:
1209:
1158:
1074:
1022:
798:
776:
642:
539:
83:
1142:
1107:
1094:
1057:
1004:
862:
757:
691:
652:
489:
263:
110:
32:
1042:
840:
828:
772:
767:
761:
686:
609:
534:
189:
169:
118:
79:
1224:
959:
877:
872:
823:
813:
453:
133:
The
Bithyno-Pontic era fell out of use in northern Asia Minor following the
1037:
835:
549:
524:
475:
435:
153:, who never controlled Pontus and whose kingdom was thus restricted to the
150:
122:
63:
737:
634:
596:
579:
514:
495:
428:
408:
230:
208:
127:
94:), which marks the start of its year one. The Bosporan year began at the
66:(year numbering) used from 149 BC at the latest until at least AD 497 in
504:
499:
394:
67:
1194:
1174:
907:
867:
604:
413:
71:
86:. The calendar era begins with the assumption of the royal title by
1189:
1027:
671:
584:
341:
Rome and the Black Sea Region: Domination, Romanisation, Resistance
165:
75:
1199:
423:
418:
234:
624:
363:
172:
in AD 341, the latest inscription is from 794 BE (AD 497/8).
558:
440:
314:
William H. Bennett, "The Death of Sertorius and the Coin",
39:
36:
458:
358:
Studien zur Geschichte und Philosophie des Altertums
939:
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)
1222:
42:(i.e., 520, which is AD 223/4) below the effigy.
168:. While the Bosporan series of coins ends with
379:
302:(Cambridge University Press, 1913), 590–91.
386:
372:
316:Historia: Zeitschrift fĂĽr Alte Geschichte
310:
308:
934:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)
121:sometime before 96/95 BC, replacing the
26:
343:(Aarhus University Press, 2006), 15–30.
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
14:
1223:
305:
367:
324:
274:
188:The abbreviation AB comes from the
145:conjunction with the months of the
24:
733:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
350:
82:and, for the longest time, in the
25:
1272:
199:, lit. 'in the Bithynian year'.
615:English and British regnal year
321:/4 (1961), 459–72, esp. 460–61.
393:
251:
223:
214:
202:
182:
13:
1:
728:Old Style and New Style dates
244:
117:, who introduced it onto the
74:region. It originated in the
680:Pre-Julian / Julian
50:(BE or AB), also called the
7:
913:Geological history of Earth
783:Astronomical year numbering
360:(Amsterdam, 1968), 299–330.
237:dates to 205 BE (93/92 BC).
233:dated to 202 BE; the first
35:with the Bosporan era date
10:
1277:
90:in October 297 BC (in the
1167:
1151:
1135:
1093:
1085:Thermoluminescence dating
1003:
992:
980:Samarium–neodymium dating
947:
926:
900:
891:
853:
791:
746:
710:
679:
670:
633:
595:
474:
449:
401:
257:"Review of B. de Koehne,
78:and was also used in the
1261:History of the Black Sea
799:Chinese sexagenary cycle
175:
1013:Amino acid racemisation
1236:290s BC establishments
1018:Archaeomagnetic dating
530:Era of Caesar (Iberia)
265:Antiquarisk tidsskrift
105:overthrew his father,
88:Zipoetes I of Bithynia
43:
918:Geological time units
30:
970:Law of superposition
965:Isotope geochemistry
1103:Fluorine absorption
1080:Luminescence dating
975:Luminescence dating
883:Milankovitch cycles
723:Proleptic Gregorian
555:Hindu units of time
147:Macedonian calendar
1256:Classical Anatolia
1205:Terminus post quem
1185:Synchronoptic view
1152:Linguistic methods
1113:Obsidian hydration
1048:Radiometric dating
1033:Incremental dating
955:Chronostratigraphy
294:Ellis Hovell Minns
229:There is a Pontic
155:Cimmerian Bosporus
139:Bithynia et Pontus
92:Gregorian calendar
60:Bithyno-Pontic era
44:
1246:Kingdom of Pontus
1218:
1217:
1131:
1130:
988:
987:
849:
848:
804:Geologic Calendar
666:
665:
76:Bithynian Kingdom
16:(Redirected from
1268:
1251:Bosporan Kingdom
1210:ASPRO chronology
1159:Glottochronology
1075:Tephrochronology
1023:Dendrochronology
1001:
1000:
898:
897:
697:Proleptic Julian
687:Pre-Julian Roman
677:
676:
472:
471:
388:
381:
374:
365:
364:
344:
337:
322:
312:
303:
291:
272:
255:
238:
227:
221:
218:
212:
206:
200:
186:
109:. Since earlier
96:autumnal equinox
84:Bosporan Kingdom
21:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1163:
1147:
1143:Molecular clock
1136:Genetic methods
1127:
1108:Nitrogen dating
1095:Relative dating
1089:
1058:Potassium–argon
1005:Absolute dating
995:
984:
943:
922:
887:
863:Cosmic Calendar
855:Astronomic time
845:
787:
742:
706:
692:Original Julian
662:
629:
591:
490:Ab urbe condita
468:
445:
397:
392:
353:
351:Further reading
348:
347:
338:
325:
313:
306:
292:
275:
271:(1855–57), 313.
256:
252:
247:
242:
241:
228:
224:
219:
215:
207:
203:
187:
183:
178:
111:Bithynian coins
33:Rhescuporis III
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1180:New Chronology
1177:
1171:
1169:
1168:Related topics
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1045:
1043:Paleomagnetism
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1007:
998:
990:
989:
986:
985:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
949:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
930:
928:
924:
923:
921:
920:
915:
910:
904:
902:
895:
889:
888:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
859:
857:
851:
850:
847:
846:
844:
843:
841:New Earth Time
838:
833:
832:
831:
826:
816:
811:
806:
801:
795:
793:
789:
788:
786:
785:
780:
770:
765:
750:
748:
744:
743:
741:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
714:
712:
708:
707:
705:
704:
702:Revised Julian
699:
694:
689:
683:
681:
674:
668:
667:
664:
663:
661:
660:
655:
650:
645:
639:
637:
631:
630:
628:
627:
622:
620:Lists of kings
617:
612:
610:Canon of Kings
607:
601:
599:
593:
592:
590:
589:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
562:
552:
547:
542:
537:
535:Before present
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
493:
486:
480:
478:
469:
467:
466:
461:
456:
450:
447:
446:
444:
443:
438:
433:
432:
431:
421:
416:
411:
405:
403:
399:
398:
391:
390:
383:
376:
368:
362:
361:
352:
349:
346:
345:
323:
304:
273:
249:
248:
246:
243:
240:
239:
222:
213:
201:
193:Anno Bithyniae
180:
179:
177:
174:
170:Rhescuporis VI
135:Roman conquest
119:Pontic coinage
115:Mithridates VI
80:Pontic Kingdom
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1273:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:Calendar eras
1229:
1228:
1226:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
999:
997:
994:Chronological
991:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
960:Geochronology
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
946:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
925:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
899:
896:
894:
893:Geologic time
890:
884:
881:
879:
878:Metonic cycle
876:
874:
873:Galactic year
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
858:
856:
852:
842:
839:
837:
834:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
820:
817:
815:
814:ISO week date
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
794:
790:
784:
781:
778:
774:
771:
769:
766:
763:
759:
755:
752:
751:
749:
745:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
709:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
682:
678:
675:
673:
669:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
636:
632:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
600:
598:
594:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
566:
563:
560:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
520:Byzantine era
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
497:
494:
492:
491:
487:
485:
482:
481:
479:
477:
476:Calendar eras
473:
470:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
448:
442:
439:
437:
434:
430:
427:
426:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
404:
400:
396:
389:
384:
382:
377:
375:
370:
369:
366:
359:
355:
354:
342:
336:
334:
332:
330:
328:
320:
317:
311:
309:
301:
300:
295:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
270:
269:
266:
261:
254:
250:
236:
232:
226:
217:
210:
205:
198:
194:
191:
185:
181:
173:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
142:
140:
136:
131:
129:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
52:Bithynian era
49:
41:
38:
34:
29:
19:
18:Bithynian era
1123:Stratigraphy
1068:Uranium–lead
1038:Lichenometry
836:Winter count
819:Mesoamerican
747:Astronomical
565:Mesoamerican
550:Sothic cycle
525:Seleucid era
510:Bosporan era
509:
498: /
488:
436:Paleontology
357:
340:
318:
315:
298:
267:
264:
258:
253:
225:
216:
204:
197:Anno Bospori
196:
192:
184:
163:
151:Pharnaces II
143:
132:
123:Seleucid era
103:Nicomedes II
100:
64:calendar era
59:
55:
51:
48:Bosporan era
47:
45:
1063:Radiocarbon
738:Dual dating
597:Regnal year
575:Short Count
515:Bostran era
496:Anno Domini
429:Big History
409:Archaeology
231:tetradrachm
209:Ellis Minns
130:in 108 BC.
128:Paphlagonia
1225:Categories
658:Vietnamese
570:Long Count
505:Anno Mundi
500:Common Era
402:Key topics
395:Chronology
245:References
107:Prusias II
68:Asia Minor
56:Pontic era
1195:Year zero
1175:Chronicle
1118:Seriation
1053:Lead–lead
927:Standards
908:Deep time
868:Ephemeris
754:Lunisolar
718:Gregorian
711:Gregorian
672:Calendars
635:Era names
605:Anka year
484:Human Era
414:Astronomy
262:(1857)",
260:Cimmérien
72:Black Sea
1241:Bithynia
1190:Timeline
1028:Ice core
901:Concepts
648:Japanese
580:Tzolk'in
545:Egyptian
166:Aspurgus
70:and the
62:, was a
31:Coin of
1200:Floruit
948:Methods
809:Iranian
777:Islamic
643:Chinese
454:Periods
424:History
419:Geology
159:Dynamis
996:dating
792:Others
758:Hebrew
653:Korean
464:Epochs
235:stater
829:Aztec
773:Lunar
768:Solar
762:Hindu
625:Limmu
585:Haab'
540:Hijri
190:Latin
176:Notes
824:Maya
559:Yuga
459:Eras
441:Time
46:The
195:or
58:or
1227::
760:,
326:^
319:10
307:^
296:,
276:^
161:.
98:.
54:,
779:)
775:(
764:)
756:(
561:)
557:(
387:e
380:t
373:v
268:5
40:Φ
37:Κ
20:)
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