578:
1080:
566:
762:
62:
678:
978:
1068:
49:
902:
714:
averages 285 days, but varies depending on the age and nutrition of the mother. The sex of the calf may also affect the carrying time, as male calves are carried for a longer period than females. Location, breed, body weight, and season affect the overall health of the animal and in return may also affect the gestation period.
1123:. In India, the number of draft cattle in 1998 was estimated at 65.7 million head. Zebu cows commonly have low production of milk. They do not produce milk until maturation later in their lives and do not produce much. When zebus are crossed with taurine cattle, milk production generally increases.
1989:
Pérez-Pardal, Lucía; Sánchez-Gracia, Alejandro; Álvarez, Isabel; Traoré, Amadou; Ferraz, J. Bento S.; Fernández, Iván; Costa, Vânia; Chen, Shanyuan; Tapio, Miika; Cantet, Rodolfo J. C.; Patel, Ajita; Meadow, Richard H.; Marshall, Fiona B.; Beja-Pereira, Albano; Goyache, Félix (21 December 2018).
776:
in
Nairobi, Kenya and in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia discovered that cattle had been domesticated in Africa independently of domestication in the Near East. They concluded that the southern African cattle populations derive originally from East Africa rather than from a southbound migration of taurine
713:
Zebu are generally mature enough to give birth when they are 29 months old. This is based on the development of their bodies to withstand the strain of carrying the calf and lactation. Early reproduction can place too much stress on the body and possibly shorten lifespans. The gestation period
1898:
Chen, S.; Lin, B.-Z.; Baig, M.; Mitra, B.; Lopes, R. J.; Santos, A. M.; Magee, D. A.; Azevedo, M.; Tarroso, P.; Sasazaki, S.; Ostrowski, S.; Mahgoub, O.; Chaudhuri, T. K.; Zhang, Y.-p.; Costa, V.; Royo, L. J.; Goyache, F.; Luikart, G.; Boivin, N.; Fuller, D. Q.; Mannen, H.; Bradley, D. G.;
704:
Studies on the natural weaning of zebu cattle have shown that cows wean their calves over a 2-week period, but after that, continue to show strong affiliatory behavior with their offspring and preferentially choose them for grooming and as grazing partners for at least 4–5 years.
965:. It has a better meat quality than the zebu and better heat resistance than European cattle. The zebu breeds used were primarily Indo-Brazilian with some Nelore and Guzerat. Another Charolais cross-breed with Brahmans is called
1702:
Pérez-Pardal, L.; Sánchez-Gracia, A.; Álvarez, I.; Traoré, A.; Ferraz, J. B. S.; Fernández, I.; Costa, V.; Chen, S.; Tapio, M.; Cantet, R. J. C.; Patel, A.; Meadow, R. H.; Marshall, F. B.; Beja-Pereira, A.; Goyache, F. (2018).
1050:
in Brazil because of its hardiness, heat-resistance, and because it thrives on poor-quality forage and breeds easily, with the calves rarely requiring human intervention to survive. Currently more than 80% of
2373:
Hanotte, Olivier; Bradley, Daniel G.; Ochieng, Joel W.; Verjee, Yasmin; Hill, Emmeline W.; Rege, J. Edward O. (12 April 2002). "African
Pastoralism: Genetic Imprints of Origins and Migrations".
2301:
Cai, Dawei; Sun, Yang; Tang, Zhuowei; Hu, Songmei; Li, Wenying; Zhao, Xingbo; Xiang, Hai; Zhou, Hui (January 2014). "The origins of
Chinese domestic cattle as revealed by ancient DNA analysis".
632:
likely due to habitat loss, caused by expanding pastoralism and interbreeding with domestic zebu. Its latest remains ever found were dated to 3,800 YBP, making it the first of the three
669:
groups are found in three different lineages: Y3A, the most predominant and cosmopolitan lineage; Y3B, only observed in West Africa; and Y3C, predominant in south and northeast India.
1190:, they are to be treated with the same respect 'as one's mother'. In the middle of the first millennium, the consumption of beef began to be disfavoured by lawgivers.
893:
2203:
Makina, S.O.; Whitacre, L.K.; Decker, J.E.; Taylor, J.F.; MacNeil, M.D.; Scholtz, M.M.; Van Marle-Köster, E.; Muchadeyi, F.C.; Makgahlela, M.L.; Maiwashe, A. (2016).
1295:
1134:
proverbs, common sayings, and expressions referring to zebu in parlance on the island. Zebu are wrestled by young men in a competitive ritual of courtship called
2846:"Effect of Malaysian Zebu Cattle (Kedah-Kelantan) and their European Crosses on the Tick Biological Parameters Following Repeated Experimental Infestations"
531:
1365:
Chen, S.; Lin, B.-Z.; Baig, M.; Mitra, B.; Lopes, R. J.; Santos, A. M.; Magee, D. A.; Azevedo, M.; Tarroso, P.; Sasazaki, S.; Ostrowski, S. (2010).
2811:
889:
7978:
7810:
2926:
2256:
Utsunomiya, Y.T.; Milanesi, M.; Fortes, M.R.S.; Porto-Neto, L.R.; Utsunomiya, A.T.H.; Silva, M.V.G.B.; Garcia, J.F.; Ajmone-Marsan, P. (2019).
8004:
7862:
7849:
1251:"Opinion 75. Twenty-Seven Generic Names of Protozoa, Vermes, Pisces, Reptilia and Mammalia Included in the Official List of Zoological Names"
837:
1504:
Gentry, Anthea; Clutton-Brock, Juliet; Groves, Colin P (May 2004). "The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives".
1193:
Milk and milk products were used in Vedic rituals. In the postvedic period products like milk, curd, ghee, but also cow dung and urine
773:
1322:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
950:
in the early 20th century. Their importation marked a change in cattle ranching in Brazil as they were considered "ecological" since
2951:
Wilcox, R.W. (2004). "Zebu's Elbows: Cattle
Breeding the Environment in Central Brazil, 1890-1960". In Brannstrom, Christian (ed.).
2799:
7952:
7784:
2550:
534:
has not yet published a ruling on the classification of domestic derivatives and no scientific body advocates the abolition of the
7991:
7823:
1849:
3205:
3160:
3140:
2960:
2349:
2097:
1832:
1627:
1602:
1565:
1480:
1448:
1255:
758:. In China, taurine cattle are most common in northern breeds, zebu more common in southern breeds, with hybrids in between.
7996:
7828:
8086:
1283:
1431:
Madalena, F.E.; Toledo-Alvarado, H.; Cala-Moreno, N. (2019). "Bos indicus Breeds and Bos indicus × Bos taurus
Crosses".
8076:
7745:
3002:
2953:
Territories, Commodities and
Knowledges: Latin American Environmental History in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
1992:"Legacies of domestication, trade and herder mobility shape extant male zebu cattle diversity in South Asia and Africa"
1705:"Legacies of domestication, trade and herder mobility shape extant male zebu cattle diversity in South Asia and Africa"
639:
Archaeological evidence including depictions on pottery and rocks suggests that humped cattle likely imported from the
535:
247:
2910:
2885:
1025:
821:
7763:
1543:
1007:
2691:
Bahbahani, Hussain; Salim, Bashir; Almathen, Faisal; Al Enezi, Fahad; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Hanotte, Olivier (2018).
1279:
509:
8009:
7867:
7776:
208:
2205:"Insight into the genetic composition of South African Sanga cattle using SNP data from cattle breeds worldwide"
1003:
2146:"Microsatellite DNA Variation and the evolution, domestication and phylogeography of Taurine and Zebu Cattle (
8081:
8048:
3557:
625:
1184:
they were a symbol of plenty. In later times they gradually acquired their present status. According to the
777:
cattle. The results are inconclusive as to whether domestication occurred first in Africa or the Near East.
693:
7670:
4346:
2859:
2209:
1214:
440:
1338:
17:
3030:
Combeau-Mari, E. (2011). "Traditional
Fighting Practices: The Root and Expression of Malagasy Culture".
783:
breeds is considered to have originated from hybridization of zebu with taurine cattle leading to the
3626:
3198:
1219:
2930:
7723:
6603:
3548:
3539:
1181:
1171:
629:
2453:"- Invited Review - African Indigenous Cattle: Unique Genetic Resources in a Rapidly Changing World"
696:
environments. These adaptations result in higher tolerance for drought, heat and sunlight exposure.
6390:
2047:
1313:
988:
869:
689:
271:
800:
7039:
6432:
4328:
3469:
1539:
1155:
992:
644:
502:
8035:
7893:
6552:
3988:
61:
7983:
7815:
7632:
4090:
3796:
3715:
1555:
1406:
885:
188:
2976:
8030:
7888:
7240:
6270:
4495:
3724:
3608:
3191:
1848:
Turvey, S. T.; Sathe, V.; Crees, J. J.; Jukar, A. M.; Chakraborty, P.; Lister, A. M. (2021).
1468:
1224:
999:
825:
685:
Zebu, but also many Sanga cattle have humps on the shoulders, large dewlaps and droopy ears.
31:
8022:
7903:
7841:
7681:
1590:
577:
7547:
7313:
7304:
7249:
6874:
6838:
6811:
6219:
6210:
5655:
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4012:
3871:
3814:
3760:
2704:
2382:
2310:
2003:
1946:
1864:
1773:
1716:
1656:
1513:
1464:
961:, a European taurine breed. The resulting breed, 63% Charolais and 37% zebu, is called the
525:
482:
2255:
8:
7493:
7195:
7186:
6934:
6802:
6775:
6711:
6372:
6252:
6201:
3880:
3787:
3378:
1324:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (Tenth reformed ed.). Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. p. 71.
1202:
966:
841:
467:
2708:
2522:
2386:
2314:
2007:
1868:
1777:
1720:
1660:
1517:
806:
Some 75 breeds of zebu are known, split about evenly between
African and Indian breeds.
633:
598:
7580:
7571:
6943:
6883:
6865:
6847:
6793:
6766:
6757:
6381:
6363:
6297:
5990:
5716:
5193:
5184:
4903:
4337:
3805:
3617:
3599:
3478:
3106:
3083:
3058:
2727:
2692:
2485:
2452:
2233:
2204:
2180:
2158:
2145:
2024:
1991:
1971:
1963:
1880:
1796:
1761:
1737:
1704:
1440:
216:
56:
2860:"Distribution and production characteristics of Friesian crossbred cattle in Malaysia"
8017:
7939:
7732:
7213:
7204:
6892:
6820:
6748:
6579:
6561:
6414:
5364:
4759:
4750:
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4283:
4250:
4193:
4063:
3590:
3451:
3136:
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2956:
2906:
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2823:
2750:
2732:
2578:
2564:
2490:
2472:
2433:
2398:
2355:
2345:
2283:
2238:
2185:
2093:
2029:
1975:
1922:
1884:
1828:
1801:
1742:
1684:
1679:
1644:
1623:
1598:
1571:
1561:
1486:
1476:
1444:
1388:
1131:
877:
865:
788:
640:
570:
2845:
1876:
746:
and China. In Asia, taurine cattle are mainly found in the northern regions such as
7607:
7361:
7352:
7231:
7072:
7063:
6856:
6528:
6519:
6467:
6458:
6306:
6279:
6192:
5972:
5580:
5006:
4997:
4987:
4960:
4681:
4550:
3751:
3742:
3733:
3515:
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3442:
3369:
3360:
3078:
3070:
3039:
2815:
2722:
2712:
2480:
2464:
2425:
2390:
2318:
2273:
2228:
2218:
2175:
2167:
2126:
2083:
2019:
2011:
1955:
1912:
1872:
1791:
1781:
1732:
1724:
1674:
1664:
1521:
1436:
1378:
1250:
1248:
958:
829:
784:
727:
386:
293:
7944:
7737:
3156:
3074:
2429:
2171:
1079:
7930:
7875:
7337:
7328:
7276:
7267:
7048:
5905:
5896:
5373:
4969:
4021:
3931:
3769:
3581:
3460:
3433:
3424:
3043:
2717:
2693:"Signatures of positive selection in African Butana and Kenana dairy zebu cattle"
1786:
916:
905:
881:
845:
792:
452:
258:
7854:
565:
381:
breeds, differs from taurine cattle by a fatty hump on their shoulders, a large
7771:
7758:
7537:
7475:
7105:
7096:
6621:
6570:
6491:
6482:
6423:
6261:
5963:
5785:
5776:
5331:
5298:
5280:
4768:
4578:
4453:
4292:
3280:
3252:
2113:
Reinhardt, V.; Reinhardt, A. (1981). "Cohesive relationships in a cattle herd (
2015:
1728:
1116:
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932:
873:
861:
656:
648:
594:
429:
397:
266:
3183:
2592:
2322:
2223:
1525:
761:
505:
in 2005. In 2011, Groves and Grubb classified it as a distinct species again.
8065:
7836:
7708:
7162:
7144:
7030:
6967:
6958:
6017:
5752:
5725:
5496:
5406:
5397:
5382:
5247:
5211:
5166:
5103:
5094:
4611:
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4462:
4428:
4418:
4319:
4301:
3964:
3913:
3823:
3387:
2927:"Food Ark - Cattle Breeds - Pictures, More From National Geographic Magazine"
2827:
2536:
2476:
2359:
1551:
1136:
1092:
1056:
1043:
924:
857:
849:
833:
582:
463:
401:
204:
7750:
2394:
2130:
1917:
1900:
1669:
1620:
Retracing the
Aurochs: History, Morphology and Ecology of an Extinct Wild Ox
1575:
1490:
1383:
1366:
1055:
in Brazil (approximately 167,000,000 animals) are either purebred or hybrid
8071:
7655:
7556:
7525:
7415:
7087:
6901:
6829:
6702:
6645:
6636:
6354:
6288:
6050:
6008:
5923:
5734:
5454:
5445:
5307:
5238:
5127:
5118:
4860:
4629:
4310:
4265:
4232:
4003:
3895:
3862:
3778:
3092:
2819:
2736:
2494:
2437:
2402:
2287:
2242:
2033:
1926:
1805:
1746:
1392:
1100:
928:
796:
780:
663:
517:
498:
471:
405:
378:
7880:
2781:
2764:
2674:
2657:
2640:
2623:
2606:
2468:
2189:
1688:
1475:(Second ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 85.
7965:
7797:
7717:
7664:
7177:
6925:
6087:
6041:
6032:
5981:
5933:
5794:
5636:
5229:
5220:
5048:
4842:
4833:
4823:
4717:
4560:
4370:
4361:
4274:
4117:
4039:
3922:
3847:
3838:
3215:
2416:
Stokstad, Erik (12 April 2002). "Early
Cowboys Herded Cattle in Africa".
1229:
1198:
1186:
1096:
1052:
618:
602:
413:
409:
165:
121:
2451:
Mwai, Okeyo; Hanotte, Olivier; Kwon, Young-Jun; Cho, Seoae (July 2015).
1645:"Mitochondrial diversity and the origins of African and European cattle"
7957:
7789:
6784:
6684:
6509:
6101:
5523:
5505:
5256:
4951:
4936:
4927:
4894:
4671:
4477:
4394:
4385:
4160:
4151:
4030:
3955:
3496:
3317:
1988:
1967:
1850:"Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions in India: How much do we know?"
1701:
1148:
1144:
1127:
817:
766:
743:
486:
374:
370:
366:
234:
7970:
7802:
2278:
2257:
2088:
1643:
Bradley, D. G.; MacHugh, D. E.; Cunningham, P.; Loftus, R. T. (1996).
7484:
7405:
7258:
7129:
7120:
6594:
6168:
6159:
6144:
6135:
5999:
5571:
5355:
5289:
5175:
4690:
4486:
4175:
4099:
3979:
3530:
3415:
3405:
3299:
3290:
2508:
936:
677:
666:
652:
385:, and sometimes drooping ears. They are well adapted to withstanding
81:
7626:
7451:
977:
7924:
7702:
7649:
7393:
7021:
6693:
6405:
6243:
6183:
5848:
5547:
5079:
5024:
4912:
4741:
4217:
4208:
4184:
4072:
3946:
3696:
3572:
3268:
3246:
3234:
1959:
1177:
755:
614:
610:
101:
2800:"Diversity of Chinese yellow cattle breeds and their conservation"
1560:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 645–646.
1430:
1067:
8043:
7598:
7433:
7294:
7153:
6543:
6330:
6321:
6234:
6120:
6111:
6083:
5839:
5743:
5707:
5622:
5618:
5589:
5514:
5202:
5075:
5036:
4620:
4537:
4443:
3706:
3656:
3351:
2751:"Phenotypic Characterization of Sudan Zebu Cattle (Baggara Type)"
1901:"Zebu Cattle Are an Exclusive Legacy of the South Asia Neolithic"
1557:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1367:"Zebu Cattle Are an Exclusive Legacy of the South Asia Neolithic"
1194:
1159:
962:
943:
920:
738:
Zebu are very common in much of Asia, including Pakistan, India,
586:
541:
Currently (2024s), it is not correct to describe Zebu animals as
478:
390:
362:
141:
131:
48:
2901:
Porter, V. (1991). "Rath — India: Alwar and eastern Rajasthan".
1278:
688:
Compared to taurine cattle, the zebu is well adapted to the hot
7442:
7011:
6916:
6739:
6729:
6345:
5857:
5697:
5679:
5670:
5556:
5478:
5430:
5421:
4879:
4870:
4805:
4796:
4786:
4708:
4241:
4054:
3904:
3240:
3228:
2876:
Porter, V. (1991). "Hariana — India: Haryana, eastern Punjab".
1112:
1072:
1047:
1039:
947:
853:
723:
490:
425:
382:
111:
91:
2690:
1642:
1130:, zebu outnumber people, and there are an "astonishing" 6,813
957:
In the early 20th century in Brazil, Zebu were crossbred with
302:
7466:
7424:
6999:
6669:
6660:
5954:
5881:
5872:
5803:
5532:
5487:
5346:
5271:
5151:
5142:
4653:
4644:
4136:
4127:
3336:
3327:
2955:. Institute for the Study of the Americas. pp. 218–246.
1824:
1104:
909:
901:
751:
747:
739:
417:
335:
317:
3061:[Penile and scrotal avulsion caused by zebu horns].
1249:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1922).
6612:
5942:
5812:
5469:
5322:
4726:
4593:
4409:
3683:
3644:
2372:
1597:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 8–9.
1108:
421:
329:
6080:
2202:
7222:
5821:
5767:
4699:
4081:
1503:
1120:
1059:
which is originated from Ongle region of Andhra Pradesh.
606:
433:
311:
151:
3056:
2929:. Ngm.nationalgeographic.com. 2013-04-25. Archived from
1115:, and horn for knife handles and the like. Zebu, mostly
5072:
1762:"The Near-Eastern Roots of the Neolithic in South Asia"
1083:
A villager with a decorated bull during Pongal festival
954:
and their meat was lean and without chemical residues.
428:. Some small breeds such as Nadudana also known as the
5615:
655:
is dated to after 700 AD and it was introduced to the
3157:"Mahabharata, Book 13-Anusasana Parva, Section LXXVI"
1847:
326:
299:
1759:
332:
305:
3025:
3023:
3000:
2335:
1407:"Miniature Zebu Cattle - Oklahoma State University"
532:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
323:
296:
2450:
2137:
2112:
1201:began to assume an increasingly important role in
3032:The International Journal of the History of Sport
2344:] (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydaw. Naukowe PWN.
2196:
2076:A Review of a Reproductive Performance of Female
2069:
2067:
2065:
1891:
774:International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
662:Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the zebu
573:, dating to the 3rd century BCE, depicting a zebu
8063:
3059:"Avulsion péno-scrotale par encornement de zebu"
3020:
2812:Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
2579:"White Fulani cattle of West and Central Africa"
2336:Komosińska, Halina; Podsiadło, Elżbieta (2002).
1897:
1760:Gangal, K.; Sarson, G. R.; Shukurov, A. (2014).
1457:
1364:
1333:
1331:
969:and is recognised as a breed in some countries.
3213:
1649:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
915:Other breeds of zebu are quite local, like the
2258:"Genomic clues of the evolutionary history of
2073:
2062:
1818:
3199:
3057:Ratsimandresy, D.A.; Rakototiana, A. (2015).
2903:Cattle: A Handbook to the Breeds of the World
2878:Cattle: A Handbook to the Breeds of the World
2457:Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
1940:Marshall, F. (1989). "Rethinking the Role of
1617:
1463:
1328:
3029:
2300:
1939:
1311:
553:, because they are a different species from
1588:
1103:, as well as for byproducts such as hides,
1006:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
730:. It is said to be resilient to parasites.
3288:
3206:
3192:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3001:Phaniraja, K.L.; Panchasara, H.H. (2009).
2900:
2875:
1307:
1305:
593:Zebu cattle were found to derive from the
47:
7523:
4995:
3082:
2726:
2716:
2484:
2277:
2232:
2222:
2179:
2087:
2023:
1916:
1795:
1785:
1753:
1736:
1678:
1668:
1473:A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals
1382:
1026:Learn how and when to remove this message
7404:
4794:
2415:
1360:
1358:
1078:
1066:
900:
760:
699:
676:
576:
564:
3695:
3266:
3117:
2797:
2143:
1302:
1274:
1272:
1270:
812:List of widely distributed zebu breeds
624:Its wild ancestor, the Indian aurochs,
439:In some regions, zebu have significant
14:
8064:
3413:
3107:"Cloning gives second chance for bull"
2950:
2523:"Breeds of livestock - Kankrej Cattle"
717:
477:The zebu was classified as a distinct
69:
7631:
7630:
7522:
7391:
7390:
6996:
6079:
5614:
5071:
4533:
3679:
3265:
3187:
1827:, India: Permanent Black. p. 4.
1611:
1538:
1355:
1256:Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
733:
617:, by people linked to or coming from
8049:5D5D4049-D903-4873-9D6E-4B86ED3A8DFC
7777:7ab0b649-d87b-4758-85a3-4a2d21a3bf3b
4831:
3163:from the original on 12 October 2013
2798:Chen, Yu-Chun; Cao, Hong-He (2001).
1812:
1532:
1267:
1004:adding citations to reliable sources
971:
412:, as well as for byproducts such as
349:), sometimes known in the plural as
3680:
3130:
2981:American Miniature Zebu Association
2782:"Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan"
2765:"Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan"
2675:"Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan"
2658:"Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan"
2641:"Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan"
2624:"Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan"
2607:"Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan"
2537:"Butler farms - Indu Brasil Cattle"
1197:, or the combination of these five
952:they could graze on natural grasses
24:
6997:
4534:
1441:10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.00619-3
1165:
672:
25:
8098:
3179:
2977:"One of the Oldest Cattle Breeds"
2303:Journal of Archaeological Science
1899:Beja-Pereira, A. (January 2010).
1506:Journal of Archaeological Science
1298:from the original on May 1, 2023.
512:considers it part of the species
466:in 1758, with the latter used to
1280:American Society of Mammalogists
976:
510:American Society of Mammalogists
292:
60:
3558:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
3149:
3099:
3063:The Pan African Medical Journal
3050:
2994:
2969:
2944:
2919:
2894:
2869:
2852:
2838:
2791:
2774:
2757:
2743:
2684:
2667:
2650:
2633:
2616:
2599:
2585:
2571:
2557:
2543:
2529:
2515:
2501:
2444:
2409:
2366:
2329:
2294:
2249:
2106:
2040:
1982:
1933:
1905:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1877:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106740
1841:
1695:
1636:
1582:
1371:Molecular Biology and Evolution
708:
581:Zebu pictured on a coin of the
4347:Central American red brocket (
3135:. London: Verso. p. 130.
3003:"Indian draught animals power"
1589:Groves, C.; Grubb, P. (2011).
1497:
1433:Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences
1424:
1399:
1242:
651:. Its first appearance in the
389:and are farmed throughout the
13:
1:
3075:10.11604/pamj.2015.20.91.5832
2905:. London: Helm. p. 246.
2880:. London: Helm. p. 245.
2430:10.1126/science.296.5566.236a
2082:. ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD).
1622:. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers.
1292:ASM Mammal Diversity Database
1235:
1071:Draft zebu pulling a cart in
908:of zebu type cattle in north
239:Linnaeus, 175 (heterotypic)
5054:Large subfamily listed below
5042:Large subfamily listed below
5030:Large subfamily listed below
3044:10.1080/09523367.2011.592749
2718:10.1371/journal.pone.0190446
2210:Genetics Selection Evolution
1787:10.1371/journal.pone.0095714
1215:List of Indian cattle breeds
1046:became the primary breed of
497:, by both Clutton-Brock and
7:
8087:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3549:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
3540:Indian spotted chevrotain (
2509:"Butler farms - Gyr Cattle"
2172:10.1093/genetics/146.3.1071
2074:Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. (1989).
1208:
1143:Within the Indian state of
942:Zebu, which are adapted to
722:The zebu is susceptible to
446:
27:South Asian domestic cattle
10:
8103:
2016:10.1038/s41598-018-36444-7
1857:Quaternary Science Reviews
1729:10.1038/s41598-018-36444-7
1220:List of animals with humps
1169:
536:biological species concept
29:
8077:Mammals described in 1758
7914:
7692:
7639:
7597:
7569:
7545:
7536:
7532:
7518:
7485:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
7476:Domestic Bactrian camel (
7464:
7413:
7400:
7386:
7350:
7326:
7302:
7293:
7175:
7142:
7118:
7085:
7061:
7040:North Sulawesi babirusa (
7019:
7010:
7006:
6992:
6956:
6914:
6737:
6728:
6682:
6658:
6634:
6592:
6541:
6517:
6508:
6480:
6456:
6449:
6403:
6343:
6319:
6232:
6181:
6157:
6133:
6109:
6100:
6096:
6075:
6030:
5931:
5922:
5894:
5870:
5765:
5705:
5696:
5668:
5644:
5635:
5631:
5610:
5569:
5545:
5467:
5443:
5419:
5395:
5344:
5320:
5269:
5164:
5140:
5116:
5092:
5088:
5067:
5047:
5035:
5023:
4986:
4949:
4925:
4892:
4868:
4859:
4822:
4785:
4739:
4679:
4670:
4642:
4591:
4558:
4549:
4545:
4529:
4475:
4441:
4407:
4383:
4359:
4329:Amazonian brown brocket (
4263:
4230:
4206:
4173:
4149:
4125:
4116:
4052:
4001:
3977:
3944:
3893:
3860:
3836:
3704:
3691:
3675:
3662:Large family listed below
3655:
3650:Large family listed below
3643:
3627:Williamson's mouse-deer (
3570:
3528:
3504:
3495:
3404:
3349:
3325:
3316:
3279:
3275:
3261:
3223:
2565:"Beef breeds of Pakistan"
2338:Ssaki kopytne: przewodnik
2323:10.1016/j.jas.2013.09.003
2224:10.1186/s12711-016-0266-1
1526:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006
1182:historical Vedic religion
1172:Cattle slaughter in India
1042:which is an off breed of
630:Indus Valley civilisation
560:
222:
215:
194:
187:
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
41:
5726:Domestic water buffalo (
4091:Central Asian red deer (
3716:Bornean yellow muntjac (
3133:The myth of the holy cow
1821:India's Wildlife History
1156:Texas A&M University
1154:In 1999, researchers at
1038:From the 1960s onwards,
690:tropical savanna climate
681:Female zebu in Sri Lanka
605:between 7,000 and 6,000
589:, late first century BCE
70:§ Taxonomy and name
7641:Bos primigenius indicus
6604:Bates' pygmy antelope (
6391:Soemmerring's gazelle (
4496:Yucatan brown brocket (
3725:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
3609:Philippine mouse-deer (
2551:"Cattle Breeds-Brahman"
2395:10.1126/science.1069878
2342:Hoofed mammals: a guide
2131:10.1163/156853981X00194
1944:in Sub-Sahara Africa".
1819:Rangarajan, M. (2001).
1670:10.1073/pnas.93.10.5131
1062:
726:as it does not exhibit
274:, 1844 (heterotypic)
250:, 1777 (heterotypic)
7314:White-lipped peccary (
7250:Philippine warty pig (
6875:Yellow-backed duiker (
6839:Black-fronted duiker (
6812:White-bellied duiker (
6433:Przewalski's gazelle (
5656:Four-horned antelope (
4454:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
4013:Visayan spotted deer (
3872:European fallow deer (
3815:Northern red muntjac (
3761:Southern red muntjac (
2820:10.17520/biods.2001042
2144:MacHugh, D.E. (1997).
1618:Van Vuure, C. (2005).
1554:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1176:Zebu are venerated in
1084:
1076:
912:
769:
682:
590:
574:
538:for domestic animals.
8031:Paleobiology Database
7889:Paleobiology Database
7494:Wild Bactrian camel (
7196:Bornean bearded pig (
7187:Palawan bearded pig (
6776:White-legged duiker (
6202:Red-fronted gazelle (
3881:Persian fallow deer (
3797:Roosevelt's muntjac (
3470:Himalayan musk deer (
3379:Reticulated giraffe (
2469:10.5713/ajas.15.0002R
1918:10.1093/molbev/msp213
1384:10.1093/molbev/msp213
1312:Linnaeus, C. (1758).
1225:List of cattle breeds
1170:Further information:
1082:
1070:
946:, were imported into
904:
764:
754:, northern China and
700:Behaviour and ecology
680:
580:
568:
32:Zebu (disambiguation)
8082:Domesticated animals
7772:Fauna Europaea (new)
7581:Pygmy hippopotamus (
7241:Oliver's warty pig (
6866:Red-flanked duiker (
6271:Erlanger's gazelle (
5991:Harnessed bushbuck (
5717:Wild water buffalo (
5194:East Caucasian tur (
5185:West Caucasian tur (
4338:Little red brocket (
3806:Truong Son muntjac (
3618:Vietnam mouse-deer (
3600:Greater mouse-deer (
3479:Siberian musk deer (
3159:. Sacred-texts.com.
2804:Biodiversity Science
1947:Current Anthropology
1147:, zebu are used for
1000:improve this section
601:and have first been
522:Bos taurus africanus
483:Juliet Clutton-Brock
30:For other uses, see
7214:Celebes warty pig (
7205:Visayan warty pig (
6821:Red forest duiker (
6553:Günther's dik-dik (
6415:Mongolian gazelle (
6220:Heuglin's gazelle (
6211:Thomson's gazelle (
5365:Long-tailed goral (
4760:Mountain reedbuck (
4751:Southern reedbuck (
4603:East African oryx (
4505:White-tailed deer (
4284:Small red brocket (
4251:South Andean deer (
4194:Siberian roe deer (
4185:European roe deer (
4022:Philippine sambar (
3989:Père David's deer (
3591:Lesser mouse-deer (
3452:Kashmir musk deer (
3131:Jha, D. N. (2002).
3113:. 3 September 1999.
2709:2018PLoSO..1390446B
2593:"Cholistani Cattle"
2387:2002Sci...296..336H
2315:2014JArSc..41..423C
2008:2018NatSR...818027P
1869:2021QSRv..25206740T
1778:2014PLoSO...995714G
1721:2018NatSR...818027P
1661:1996PNAS...93.5131B
1518:2004JArSc..31..645G
1343:acir.aphis.usda.gov
1203:ritual purification
967:Australian Charbray
822:Kankrej and Guzerat
772:Geneticists at the
718:Health and diseases
462:were introduced by
7671:Bos taurus indicus
7362:Collared peccary (
7232:Flores warty pig (
7073:Giant forest hog (
6935:Maxwell's duiker (
6857:Ruwenzori duiker (
6803:Jentink's duiker (
6712:Sharpe's grysbok (
6468:Tibetan antelope (
6373:Bright's gazelle (
6307:Goitered gazelle (
6280:Mountain gazelle (
6253:Cuvier's gazelle (
6193:Mongalla gazelle (
5581:Pyrenean chamois (
5007:Tibetan antelope (
4961:Black wildebeest (
3788:Reeves's muntjac (
3752:Sumatran muntjac (
3743:Gongshan muntjac (
3516:Water chevrotain (
3443:Alpine musk deer (
3370:Southern giraffe (
3361:Northern giraffe (
2835:note: PDF download
2048:"Definition: Zebu"
1996:Scientific Reports
1709:Scientific Reports
1546:Bos taurus indicus
1435:. pp. 30–47.
1411:breeds.okstate.edu
1085:
1077:
913:
894:Local Indian Diary
770:
734:Breeds and hybrids
683:
634:aurochs subspecies
591:
575:
544:Bos taurus indicus
495:Bos taurus indicus
485:in 1999, but as a
377:. Zebu, like many
8059:
8058:
8018:Open Tree of Life
7633:Taxon identifiers
7624:
7623:
7620:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7593:
7592:
7514:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7382:
7381:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7338:Chacoan peccary (
7289:
7288:
7277:Javan warty pig (
7268:Timor warty pig (
7075:H. meinertzhageni
7049:Togian babirusa (
6988:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6944:Walter's duiker (
6884:Abbott's duiker (
6848:Ogilby's duiker (
6794:Harvey's duiker (
6758:Brooke's duiker (
6724:
6723:
6504:
6503:
6445:
6444:
6382:Peter's gazelle (
6364:Grant's gazelle (
6298:Speke's gazelle (
6071:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6062:
5948:
5918:
5917:
5906:African buffalo (
5737:B. depressicornis
5692:
5691:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5374:Himalayan goral (
5196:C. cylindricornis
5063:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5019:
5018:
4982:
4981:
4970:Blue wildebeest (
4904:Common tsessebe (
4855:
4854:
4818:
4817:
4781:
4780:
4693:K. ellipsiprymnus
4666:
4665:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4465:P. mephistophiles
4421:P. mephistophiles
4112:
4111:
3808:M. truongsonensis
3770:Pu Hoat muntjac (
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3639:
3638:
3582:Java mouse-deer (
3491:
3490:
3461:Black musk deer (
3434:Dwarf musk deer (
3425:Anhui musk deer (
3400:
3399:
3363:G. camelopardalis
3312:
3311:
3142:978-1-85984-676-6
3038:(12): 1566–1585.
2962:978-1-900039-57-4
2381:(5566): 336–339.
2351:978-83-01-13806-6
2279:10.1111/age.12836
2099:978-92-9053-099-2
1834:978-81-7824-140-1
1655:(10): 5131–5135.
1629:978-954-642-235-4
1604:978-1-4214-0093-8
1595:Ungulate taxonomy
1567:978-0-8018-8221-0
1482:978-0-521-63495-3
1465:Clutton-Brock, J.
1450:978-0-12-818767-8
1180:of India. In the
1087:Zebu are used as
1036:
1035:
1028:
944:high temperatures
899:
898:
870:Butana and Kenana
470:humped cattle in
441:religious meaning
432:are also kept as
396:Zebu are used as
387:high temperatures
284:
283:
279:
278:(incomplete list)
275:
262:
251:
240:
230:
16:(Redirected from
8094:
8052:
8051:
8039:
8038:
8026:
8025:
8013:
8012:
8000:
7999:
7987:
7986:
7974:
7973:
7961:
7960:
7948:
7947:
7935:
7934:
7933:
7907:
7906:
7897:
7896:
7884:
7883:
7871:
7870:
7858:
7857:
7845:
7844:
7832:
7831:
7819:
7818:
7806:
7805:
7793:
7792:
7780:
7779:
7767:
7766:
7754:
7753:
7741:
7740:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7713:
7712:
7711:
7685:
7684:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7660:
7659:
7658:
7628:
7627:
7543:
7542:
7534:
7533:
7520:
7519:
7411:
7410:
7402:
7401:
7388:
7387:
7300:
7299:
7106:Common warthog (
7097:Desert warthog (
7017:
7016:
7008:
7007:
6994:
6993:
6893:Weyns's duiker (
6767:Peters' duiker (
6749:Aders's duiker (
6735:
6734:
6622:Royal antelope (
6580:Salt's dik-dik (
6571:Silver dik-dik (
6562:Kirk's dik-dik (
6515:
6514:
6492:Saiga antelope (
6454:
6453:
6393:N. soemmerringii
6262:Dorcas gazelle (
6107:
6106:
6098:
6097:
6091:
6077:
6076:
5964:Mountain nyala (
5947:
5946:
5938:
5929:
5928:
5884:P. nghetinhensis
5786:European bison (
5777:American bison (
5703:
5702:
5642:
5641:
5633:
5632:
5626:
5612:
5611:
5488:Domestic sheep (
5332:Himalayan tahr (
5299:Mainland serow (
5281:Japanese serow (
5090:
5089:
5083:
5069:
5068:
4993:
4992:
4866:
4865:
4829:
4828:
4792:
4791:
4769:Bohor reedbuck (
4677:
4676:
4656:A. nasomaculatus
4579:Sable antelope (
4556:
4555:
4547:
4546:
4540:
4531:
4530:
4293:Merida brocket (
4123:
4122:
4064:Thorold's deer (
3916:A. calamianensis
3799:M. rooseveltorum
3745:M. gongshanensis
3702:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3502:
3501:
3411:
3410:
3390:G. tippelskirchi
3323:
3322:
3286:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3263:
3262:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3128:
3115:
3114:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3010:Veterinary World
3007:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:on June 25, 2011
2923:
2917:
2916:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2525:. 28 April 2021.
2519:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2488:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2166:(3): 1071–1086.
2141:
2135:
2134:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2091:
2071:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2027:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1854:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1740:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1682:
1672:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1469:"Asiatic cattle"
1461:
1455:
1454:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1339:"ACIR Community"
1335:
1326:
1325:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1276:
1265:
1264:
1246:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1011:
980:
972:
959:Charolais cattle
953:
809:
808:
728:trypanotolerance
571:Pillar of Ashoka
547:, but rather as
529:
489:of the domestic
453:scientific names
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
320:
319:
314:
313:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
277:
270:
257:
246:
238:
229:Linnaeus, 1758
228:
200:
73:
65:
64:
51:
39:
38:
21:
8102:
8101:
8097:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8062:
8061:
8060:
8055:
8047:
8042:
8034:
8029:
8021:
8016:
8008:
8003:
7995:
7990:
7982:
7977:
7969:
7964:
7956:
7951:
7943:
7938:
7929:
7928:
7923:
7910:
7902:
7900:
7892:
7887:
7879:
7876:Observation.org
7874:
7866:
7861:
7853:
7848:
7840:
7835:
7827:
7822:
7814:
7809:
7801:
7796:
7788:
7783:
7775:
7770:
7762:
7757:
7749:
7744:
7736:
7731:
7724:Bos primigenius
7722:
7721:
7716:
7707:
7706:
7701:
7694:Bos primigenius
7688:
7680:
7678:
7669:
7668:
7663:
7654:
7653:
7648:
7635:
7625:
7612:
7589:
7565:
7528:
7502:
7460:
7396:
7370:
7346:
7322:
7285:
7252:S. philippensis
7189:S. ahoenobarbus
7171:
7163:Red river hog (
7138:
7114:
7081:
7057:
7031:Buru babirusa (
7002:
6976:
6968:Common duiker (
6952:
6910:
6720:
6678:
6654:
6630:
6588:
6537:
6500:
6476:
6441:
6426:P. picticaudata
6399:
6339:
6315:
6309:G. subgutturosa
6228:
6177:
6153:
6129:
6092:
6081:
6059:
6026:
6018:Cape bushbuck (
6011:T. strepsiceros
5940:
5939:
5937:
5914:
5890:
5866:
5761:
5753:Mountain anoa (
5688:
5682:B. tragocamelus
5664:
5658:T. quadricornis
5627:
5616:
5598:
5565:
5541:
5497:Bighorn sheep (
5463:
5439:
5415:
5407:Mountain goat (
5391:
5383:Chinese goral (
5340:
5316:
5301:C. sumatraensis
5265:
5248:Siberian ibex (
5212:Domestic goat (
5160:
5136:
5112:
5104:Barbary sheep (
5084:
5073:
5055:
5043:
5031:
5015:
4978:
4945:
4921:
4888:
4851:
4814:
4777:
4735:
4662:
4638:
4612:Scimitar oryx (
4587:
4570:Roan antelope (
4541:
4535:
4513:
4471:
4463:Northern pudu (
4437:
4429:Southern pudu (
4419:Northern pudu (
4403:
4379:
4355:
4320:Pygmy brocket (
4302:Dwarf brocket (
4259:
4226:
4202:
4169:
4145:
4108:
4048:
3997:
3973:
3940:
3914:Calamian deer (
3889:
3883:D. mesopotamica
3856:
3832:
3826:M. vuquangensis
3824:Giant muntjac (
3734:Fea's muntjac (
3687:
3681:
3663:
3651:
3635:
3566:
3524:
3487:
3445:M. chrysogaster
3396:
3388:Masai giraffe (
3345:
3308:
3271:
3257:
3219:
3212:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3164:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3129:
3118:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3055:
3051:
3028:
3021:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2949:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2796:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2703:(1): e0190446.
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2449:
2445:
2414:
2410:
2371:
2367:
2352:
2334:
2330:
2299:
2295:
2266:Animal Genetics
2254:
2250:
2201:
2197:
2142:
2138:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2072:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2041:
1987:
1983:
1938:
1934:
1896:
1892:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1817:
1813:
1758:
1754:
1700:
1696:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1591:"Domestication"
1587:
1583:
1568:
1537:
1533:
1502:
1498:
1483:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1363:
1356:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1310:
1303:
1277:
1268:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1211:
1205:and expiation.
1174:
1168:
1166:Hindu tradition
1065:
1032:
1021:
1015:
1012:
997:
981:
951:
886:Southern Yellow
765:Zebu market in
736:
720:
711:
702:
675:
673:Characteristics
643:was present in
563:
524:
501:in 2004 and by
449:
373:originating in
371:domestic cattle
351:indicine cattle
322:
316:
310:
295:
291:
211:
202:
196:
183:
169:
166:B. indicus
68:(Disputed, see
67:
66:
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8100:
8090:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8040:
8027:
8014:
8001:
7988:
7975:
7962:
7949:
7936:
7920:
7918:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7898:
7885:
7872:
7859:
7846:
7833:
7820:
7807:
7794:
7781:
7768:
7759:Fauna Europaea
7755:
7742:
7729:
7714:
7698:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7687:
7686:
7676:
7661:
7645:
7643:
7637:
7636:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7610:
7603:
7601:
7595:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7587:
7583:C. liberiensis
7577:
7575:
7567:
7566:
7564:
7563:
7557:Hippopotamus (
7553:
7551:
7540:
7538:Hippopotamidae
7530:
7529:
7516:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7491:
7487:C. dromedarius
7482:
7472:
7470:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7458:
7449:
7440:
7431:
7421:
7419:
7408:
7398:
7397:
7384:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7368:
7358:
7356:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7344:
7334:
7332:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7320:
7310:
7308:
7297:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7274:
7270:S. timoriensis
7265:
7256:
7247:
7238:
7229:
7223:Domestic pig (
7220:
7211:
7202:
7193:
7183:
7181:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7160:
7150:
7148:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7126:
7124:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7103:
7099:P. aethiopicus
7093:
7091:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7069:
7067:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7051:B. togeanensis
7046:
7037:
7027:
7025:
7014:
7004:
7003:
6990:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6964:
6962:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6941:
6932:
6922:
6920:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6902:Zebra duiker (
6899:
6890:
6881:
6877:C. silvicultor
6872:
6863:
6854:
6845:
6836:
6830:Black duiker (
6827:
6818:
6814:C. leucogaster
6809:
6800:
6791:
6782:
6773:
6764:
6755:
6745:
6743:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6709:
6703:Cape grysbok (
6700:
6690:
6688:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6666:
6664:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6652:
6646:Klipspringer (
6642:
6640:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6619:
6610:
6600:
6598:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6577:
6573:M. piacentinii
6568:
6559:
6549:
6547:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6535:
6525:
6523:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6488:
6486:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6464:
6462:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6435:P. przewalskii
6430:
6421:
6411:
6409:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6388:
6379:
6370:
6361:
6355:Dama gazelle (
6351:
6349:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6327:
6325:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6304:
6295:
6289:Rhim gazelle (
6286:
6277:
6268:
6259:
6250:
6240:
6238:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6217:
6208:
6199:
6189:
6187:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6165:
6163:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6147:A. marsupialis
6141:
6139:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6117:
6115:
6104:
6094:
6093:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6057:
6051:Common eland (
6048:
6038:
6036:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6015:
6009:Greater kudu (
6006:
5997:
5988:
5979:
5970:
5961:
5951:
5949:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5902:
5900:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5878:
5876:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5855:
5846:
5837:
5828:
5822:Domestic yak (
5819:
5810:
5801:
5792:
5783:
5773:
5771:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5750:
5746:B. mindorensis
5741:
5735:Lowland anoa (
5732:
5723:
5713:
5711:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5676:
5674:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5652:
5650:
5639:
5629:
5628:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5587:
5577:
5575:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5553:
5551:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5530:
5521:
5512:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5475:
5473:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5455:Nilgiri tahr (
5451:
5449:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5427:
5425:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5403:
5401:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5380:
5371:
5362:
5352:
5350:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5328:
5326:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5308:Taiwan serow (
5305:
5296:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5254:
5245:
5239:Iberian ibex (
5236:
5227:
5218:
5209:
5200:
5191:
5182:
5172:
5170:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5148:
5146:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5128:Arabian tahr (
5124:
5122:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5100:
5098:
5086:
5085:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5003:
5001:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4967:
4957:
4955:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4910:
4900:
4898:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4876:
4874:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4839:
4837:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4802:
4800:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4766:
4762:R. fulvorufula
4757:
4747:
4745:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4724:
4715:
4706:
4697:
4687:
4685:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4650:
4648:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4630:Arabian oryx (
4627:
4618:
4609:
4599:
4597:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4553:
4543:
4542:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:O. virginianus
4502:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4426:
4415:
4413:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4391:
4389:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:O. bezoarticus
4367:
4365:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4344:
4335:
4326:
4317:
4313:M. gouazoubira
4311:Gray brocket (
4308:
4299:
4290:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4214:
4212:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4191:
4181:
4179:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4157:
4155:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4097:
4088:
4079:
4070:
4066:C. albirostris
4060:
4058:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4037:
4028:
4019:
4009:
4007:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3901:
3899:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3850:E. cephalophus
3844:
3842:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3821:
3812:
3803:
3794:
3785:
3779:Leaf muntjac (
3776:
3772:M. puhoatensis
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3731:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3699:
3689:
3688:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3629:T. williamsoni
3624:
3615:
3606:
3597:
3588:
3578:
3576:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3555:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3481:M. moschiferus
3476:
3472:M. leucogaster
3467:
3458:
3449:
3440:
3436:M. berezovskii
3431:
3421:
3419:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3385:
3376:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3283:
3281:Antilocapridae
3273:
3272:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3253:Laurasiatheria
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3181:
3180:External links
3178:
3175:
3174:
3148:
3141:
3116:
3098:
3049:
3019:
3016:(10): 404–407.
2993:
2968:
2961:
2943:
2918:
2911:
2893:
2886:
2868:
2851:
2837:
2790:
2773:
2756:
2742:
2683:
2666:
2649:
2632:
2615:
2598:
2584:
2570:
2556:
2542:
2528:
2514:
2500:
2463:(7): 911–921.
2443:
2408:
2365:
2350:
2328:
2293:
2272:(6): 557–568.
2248:
2195:
2136:
2125:(3): 121–150.
2105:
2098:
2061:
2039:
1981:
1960:10.1086/203737
1954:(2): 235–240.
1932:
1890:
1840:
1833:
1811:
1752:
1694:
1635:
1628:
1610:
1603:
1581:
1566:
1531:
1512:(5): 645–651.
1496:
1481:
1456:
1449:
1423:
1398:
1354:
1327:
1301:
1266:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1167:
1164:
1119:, are kept as
1117:miniature zebu
1093:riding animals
1064:
1061:
1034:
1033:
984:
982:
975:
933:Alwar district
897:
896:
890:Kedah Kelantan
826:Indo-Brazilian
814:
813:
735:
732:
719:
716:
710:
707:
701:
698:
674:
671:
657:Horn of Africa
626:became extinct
613:, present-day
562:
559:
516:in analogy to
448:
445:
430:miniature zebu
402:riding animals
282:
281:
280:
276:
267:Bos longifrons
263:
252:
244:Bos domesticus
241:
231:
220:
219:
213:
212:
203:
192:
191:
189:Trinomial name
185:
184:
177:
175:
171:
170:
163:
161:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8099:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8069:
8067:
8050:
8045:
8041:
8037:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8019:
8015:
8011:
8006:
8002:
7998:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7980:
7976:
7972:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7941:
7937:
7932:
7926:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7917:
7913:
7905:
7899:
7895:
7890:
7886:
7882:
7877:
7873:
7869:
7864:
7860:
7856:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7838:
7834:
7830:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7786:
7782:
7778:
7773:
7769:
7765:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7734:
7730:
7725:
7719:
7715:
7710:
7704:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7695:
7691:
7683:
7677:
7672:
7666:
7662:
7657:
7651:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7629:
7609:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7596:
7586:
7584:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7562:
7560:
7555:
7554:
7552:
7550:
7549:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7521:
7517:
7499:
7497:
7492:
7490:
7488:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7478:C. bactrianus
7474:
7473:
7471:
7469:
7468:
7463:
7457:
7455:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7441:
7439:
7437:
7432:
7430:
7428:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7389:
7385:
7367:
7365:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7354:
7349:
7343:
7341:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7330:
7325:
7319:
7317:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7307:
7306:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7292:
7282:
7280:
7279:S. verrucosus
7275:
7273:
7271:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7248:
7246:
7244:
7239:
7237:
7235:
7230:
7228:
7226:
7225:S. domesticus
7221:
7219:
7217:
7216:S. celebensis
7212:
7210:
7208:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7174:
7168:
7166:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7145:Potamochoerus
7141:
7135:
7133:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7111:
7109:
7104:
7102:
7100:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7078:
7076:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7060:
7054:
7052:
7047:
7045:
7043:
7042:B. celebensis
7038:
7036:
7034:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7024:
7023:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6995:
6991:
6973:
6971:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6955:
6949:
6947:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6926:Blue duiker (
6924:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6907:
6905:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6891:
6889:
6887:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6841:C. nigrifrons
6837:
6835:
6833:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6823:C. natalensis
6819:
6817:
6815:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6801:
6799:
6797:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6783:
6781:
6779:
6774:
6772:
6770:
6769:C. callipygus
6765:
6763:
6761:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6715:
6710:
6708:
6706:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6696:R. campestris
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6675:
6673:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6663:
6662:
6657:
6651:
6649:
6648:O. oreotragus
6644:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6633:
6627:
6625:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6583:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6534:
6532:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6521:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6497:
6495:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6479:
6473:
6471:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6455:
6452:
6448:
6438:
6436:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6362:
6360:
6358:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6336:
6334:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6312:
6310:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6291:G. leptoceros
6287:
6285:
6283:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6225:
6223:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6195:E. albonotata
6191:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6174:
6172:
6171:A. cervicapra
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6150:
6148:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6126:
6124:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6089:
6085:
6078:
6074:
6056:
6054:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6042:Giant eland (
6040:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6023:
6021:
6020:T. sylvaticus
6016:
6014:
6012:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5982:Lesser kudu (
5980:
5978:
5976:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5944:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5911:
5909:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5887:
5885:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5861:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5797:B. domesticus
5795:Bali cattle (
5793:
5791:
5789:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5758:
5756:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5685:
5683:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5659:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5620:
5613:
5609:
5595:
5593:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5538:
5536:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5499:O. canadensis
5495:
5493:
5491:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5460:
5458:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5446:Nilgiritragus
5442:
5436:
5434:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5412:
5410:
5409:O. americanus
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5337:
5335:
5334:H. jemlahicus
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5313:
5311:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5262:
5260:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5230:Nubian ibex (
5228:
5226:
5224:
5221:Alpine ibex (
5219:
5217:
5215:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5155:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5066:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5012:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4988:Pantholopinae
4985:
4975:
4973:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4939:A. buselaphus
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4885:
4883:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4848:
4846:
4843:Grey rhebok (
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4811:
4809:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4787:Aepycerotinae
4784:
4774:
4772:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4732:
4730:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4718:Nile lechwe (
4716:
4714:
4712:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:Hippotraginae
4548:
4544:
4539:
4532:
4528:
4510:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4397:B. dichotomus
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4371:Pampas deer (
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4331:M. nemorivaga
4327:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4275:Red brocket (
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4244:H. antisensis
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4084:C. canadensis
4080:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4033:R. timorensis
4029:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3991:E. davidianus
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3958:R. duvaucelii
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3923:Bawean deer (
3921:
3919:
3917:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3851:
3848:Tufted deer (
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3781:M. putaoensis
3777:
3775:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3727:M. crinifrons
3723:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3678:
3674:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3620:T. versicolor
3616:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3427:M. anhuiensis
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3381:G. reticulata
3377:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3217:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3065:(in French).
3064:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3024:
3015:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2964:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2914:
2912:0-8160-2640-8
2908:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2887:0-8160-2640-8
2883:
2879:
2872:
2861:
2855:
2847:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2783:
2777:
2766:
2760:
2752:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2676:
2670:
2659:
2653:
2642:
2636:
2625:
2619:
2608:
2602:
2594:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2566:
2560:
2552:
2546:
2538:
2532:
2524:
2518:
2510:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2424:(5566): 236.
2423:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2080:(zebu) Cattle
2077:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1772:(5): e95714.
1771:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1158:successfully
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1057:Ongole Cattle
1054:
1049:
1045:
1044:Ongole Cattle
1041:
1030:
1027:
1019:
1016:December 2021
1009:
1005:
1001:
995:
994:
990:
985:This section
983:
979:
974:
973:
970:
968:
964:
960:
955:
949:
945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
911:
907:
906:Hariana breed
903:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:Sibi Bhagnari
831:
827:
823:
819:
816:
815:
811:
810:
807:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:
768:
763:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
731:
729:
725:
715:
706:
697:
695:
691:
686:
679:
670:
668:
665:
660:
659:around 1000.
658:
654:
650:
647:around 4,000
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
588:
584:
583:Indo-Scythian
579:
572:
567:
558:
556:
552:
551:
546:
545:
539:
537:
533:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
464:Carl Linnaeus
461:
457:
454:
444:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:humped cattle
356:
352:
348:
347:
340:
289:
273:
269:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
249:
245:
242:
237:
236:
232:
227:
224:
223:
221:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
193:
190:
186:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:
168:
167:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
71:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7915:
7693:
7640:
7582:
7570:
7559:H. amphibius
7558:
7548:Hippopotamus
7546:
7526:Whippomorpha
7495:
7486:
7477:
7465:
7453:
7444:
7435:
7426:
7414:
7363:
7351:
7339:
7327:
7315:
7303:
7278:
7269:
7260:
7251:
7242:
7233:
7224:
7215:
7207:S. cebifrons
7206:
7197:
7188:
7176:
7164:
7155:
7143:
7131:
7119:
7108:P. africanus
7107:
7098:
7088:Phacochoerus
7086:
7074:
7062:
7050:
7041:
7033:B. babyrussa
7032:
7020:
6969:
6957:
6945:
6937:P. maxwellii
6936:
6928:P. monticola
6927:
6915:
6903:
6894:
6885:
6876:
6868:C. rufilatus
6867:
6858:
6849:
6840:
6831:
6822:
6813:
6804:
6795:
6786:
6785:Bay duiker (
6778:C. crusalbum
6777:
6768:
6759:
6750:
6738:
6730:Cephalophini
6713:
6705:R. melanotis
6704:
6695:
6683:
6671:
6659:
6647:
6635:
6623:
6615:N. moschatus
6614:
6605:
6593:
6581:
6572:
6563:
6555:M. guentheri
6554:
6542:
6531:D. megalotis
6530:
6518:
6493:
6481:
6470:P. hodgsonii
6469:
6457:
6434:
6425:
6417:P. gutturosa
6416:
6404:
6392:
6383:
6374:
6365:
6356:
6344:
6332:
6320:
6308:
6299:
6290:
6281:
6273:G. erlangeri
6272:
6263:
6254:
6246:G. bennettii
6245:
6233:
6221:
6213:E. thomsonii
6212:
6204:E. rufifrons
6203:
6194:
6182:
6170:
6158:
6146:
6134:
6122:
6110:
6052:
6044:T. derbianus
6043:
6031:
6019:
6010:
6001:
5992:
5983:
5975:T. eurycerus
5974:
5965:
5956:
5932:
5924:Tragelaphini
5907:
5895:
5883:
5871:
5859:
5850:
5842:B. javanicus
5841:
5832:
5830:
5824:B. grunniens
5823:
5814:
5806:B. frontalis
5805:
5796:
5787:
5778:
5766:
5754:
5745:
5736:
5727:
5718:
5706:
5681:
5669:
5657:
5645:
5592:R. rupicapra
5591:
5583:R. pyrenaica
5582:
5570:
5558:
5546:
5534:
5525:
5524:Snow sheep (
5516:
5507:
5506:Dall sheep (
5498:
5489:
5480:
5468:
5457:N. hylocrius
5456:
5444:
5433:O. moschatus
5432:
5420:
5408:
5396:
5384:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5345:
5333:
5321:
5309:
5300:
5291:
5282:
5270:
5258:
5257:Walia ibex (
5249:
5241:C. pyrenaica
5240:
5231:
5222:
5213:
5205:C. falconeri
5204:
5195:
5186:
5177:
5165:
5154:B. taxicolor
5153:
5141:
5129:
5117:
5105:
5093:
5009:P. hodgsonii
5008:
4996:
4971:
4962:
4952:Connochaetes
4950:
4938:
4937:Hartebeest (
4926:
4914:
4905:
4893:
4881:
4869:
4861:Alcelaphinae
4845:P. capreolus
4844:
4832:
4807:
4795:
4770:
4761:
4753:R. arundinum
4752:
4740:
4728:
4720:K. megaceros
4719:
4710:
4701:
4692:
4680:
4655:
4643:
4631:
4622:
4613:
4604:
4592:
4580:
4571:
4559:
4506:
4497:
4488:
4476:
4464:
4455:
4442:
4430:
4420:
4408:
4396:
4395:Marsh deer (
4384:
4372:
4360:
4348:
4339:
4330:
4321:
4312:
4303:
4294:
4285:
4277:M. americana
4276:
4264:
4252:
4243:
4233:Hippocamelus
4231:
4219:
4207:
4195:
4187:C. capreolus
4186:
4174:
4162:
4161:Water deer (
4150:
4138:
4126:
4101:
4092:
4083:
4074:
4065:
4053:
4041:
4032:
4024:R. mariannus
4023:
4014:
4002:
3990:
3978:
3966:
3965:Eld's deer (
3957:
3956:Barasingha (
3945:
3933:
3924:
3915:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3873:
3861:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3817:M. vaginalis
3816:
3807:
3798:
3789:
3780:
3771:
3762:
3753:
3744:
3735:
3726:
3718:M. atherodes
3717:
3705:
3628:
3619:
3611:T. nigricans
3610:
3601:
3592:
3584:T. javanicus
3583:
3571:
3559:
3550:
3541:
3529:
3518:H. aquaticus
3517:
3505:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3414:
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3350:
3339:O. johnstoni
3338:
3326:
3302:A. americana
3301:
3289:
3251:Superorder:
3245:Infraclass:
3216:Artiodactyla
3165:. Retrieved
3151:
3132:
3110:
3101:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3035:
3031:
3013:
3009:
2996:
2984:. Retrieved
2980:
2971:
2952:
2946:
2935:. Retrieved
2931:the original
2921:
2902:
2896:
2877:
2871:
2854:
2840:
2832:zebu sinesis
2831:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2776:
2759:
2745:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2669:
2652:
2635:
2618:
2601:
2587:
2573:
2559:
2545:
2531:
2517:
2503:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2251:
2214:
2208:
2198:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2079:
2075:
2052:. Retrieved
2042:
2002:(1): 18027.
1999:
1995:
1984:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1908:
1904:
1893:
1860:
1856:
1843:
1820:
1814:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1715:(1): 18027.
1712:
1708:
1697:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1619:
1613:
1594:
1584:
1556:
1552:Wilson, D.E.
1545:
1544:"Subspecies
1534:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1472:
1459:
1432:
1426:
1415:. Retrieved
1413:. 2022-05-23
1410:
1401:
1374:
1370:
1346:. Retrieved
1342:
1321:
1315:
1291:
1285:
1260:
1254:
1244:
1192:
1185:
1175:
1153:
1142:
1135:
1125:
1101:dairy cattle
1086:
1037:
1022:
1013:
998:Please help
986:
956:
941:
914:
805:
781:Sanga cattle
779:
771:
737:
721:
712:
709:Reproduction
703:
687:
684:
664:Y chromosome
661:
638:
636:to die out.
623:
603:domesticated
592:
554:
549:
548:
543:
542:
540:
521:
518:Sanga cattle
513:
507:
499:Colin Groves
494:
476:
459:
455:
450:
438:
406:dairy cattle
395:
379:Sanga cattle
358:
354:
350:
345:
344:
287:
285:
265:
254:
243:
233:
225:
198:Bos indicus
197:
195:
179:
178:
174:Subspecies:
164:
152:
122:Artiodactyla
36:
7966:iNaturalist
7916:Bos indicus
7798:iNaturalist
7718:Wikispecies
7665:Wikispecies
7436:L. guanicoe
7295:Tayassuidae
7259:Wild boar (
7198:S. barbatus
7156:P. larvatus
7132:P. salvania
7130:Pygmy hog (
7064:Hylochoerus
6917:Philantomba
6805:C. jentinki
6787:C. dorsalis
6740:Cephalophus
6624:N. pygmaeus
6582:M. saltiana
6520:Dorcatragus
6494:S. tatarica
6384:N. petersii
6322:Litocranius
6222:E. tilonura
6169:Blackbuck (
6145:Springbok (
6088:Antilopinae
6086:(subfamily
6033:Taurotragus
6000:Sitatunga (
5993:T. scriptus
5984:T. imberbis
5941:(including
5934:Tragelaphus
5755:B. quarlesi
5637:Boselaphini
5621:(subfamily
5526:O. nivicola
5367:N. caudatus
5356:Red goral (
5347:Naemorhedus
5310:C. swinhoei
5290:Red serow (
5272:Capricornis
5250:C. sibirica
5187:C. caucasia
5178:C. aegagrus
5176:Wild goat (
5130:A. jayakari
5119:Arabitragus
5078:(subfamily
5049:Antilopinae
4972:C. taurinus
4915:D. pygargus
4808:A. melampus
4729:K. vardonii
4691:Waterbuck (
4632:O. leucoryx
4561:Hippotragus
4489:O. hemionus
4487:Mule deer (
4386:Blastocerus
4295:M. bricenii
4253:H. bisulcus
4220:R. tarandus
4196:C. pygargus
4118:Capreolinae
4100:Sika deer (
4042:R. unicolor
4031:Rusa deer (
3934:A. porcinus
3754:M. montanus
3551:M. kathygre
3300:Pronghorn (
3291:Antilocapra
2814:: 275–283.
2309:: 423–434.
2260:Bos indicus
2152:Bos indicus
2115:Bos indicus
2078:Bos Indicus
1942:Bos indicus
1316:Bos indicus
1263:(1): 35–37.
1230:Ubre Blanca
1199:panchagavya
1187:Mahabharata
1097:beef cattle
1053:beef cattle
838:White Nukra
628:during the
619:Mesopotamia
595:Indian form
550:Bos indicus
528:, 1792
503:Peter Grubb
460:Bos indicus
410:beef cattle
346:Bos indicus
226:Bos indicus
180:B. i.
138:Subfamily:
18:Bos indicus
8066:Categories
7572:Choeropsis
7454:L. vicugna
7340:C. wagneri
7243:S. oliveri
7234:S. heureni
6970:S. grimmia
6959:Sylvicapra
6946:P. walteri
6859:C. rubidis
6850:C. ogilbyi
6796:C. harveyi
6760:C. brookei
6714:R. sharpei
6694:Steenbok (
6685:Raphicerus
6637:Oreotragus
6510:Neotragini
6459:Pantholops
6375:N. notatus
6333:L. walleri
6282:G. gazella
6255:G. cuvieri
6244:Chinkara (
6136:Antidorcas
6123:A. clarkei
6112:Ammodorcas
6102:Antilopini
6002:T. spekeii
5966:T. buxtoni
5957:T. angasii
5849:Wild yak (
5833:B. indicus
5788:B. bonasus
5728:B. bubalis
5671:Boselaphus
5647:Tetracerus
5517:O. gmelini
5385:N. griseus
5358:N. baileyi
5323:Hemitragus
5292:C. rubidus
5283:C. crispus
5232:C. nubiana
5095:Ammotragus
4998:Pantholops
4928:Alcelaphus
4913:Bontebok (
4906:D. lunatus
4895:Damaliscus
4882:B. hunteri
4771:R. redunca
4672:Reduncinae
4623:O. gazella
4572:H. equinus
4498:O. pandora
4478:Odocoileus
4362:Ozotoceros
4218:Reindeer (
4163:H. inermis
4152:Hydropotes
4075:C. elaphus
4073:Red deer (
4015:R. alfredi
3932:Hog deer (
3790:M. reevesi
3763:M. muntjak
3593:T. kanchil
3560:M. meminna
3507:Hyemoschus
3497:Tragulidae
3454:M. cupreus
3372:G. giraffa
3318:Giraffidae
3269:Ruminantia
3167:15 October
2986:2 December
2937:2013-05-30
2148:Bos taurus
2089:10568/4217
2054:2007-09-08
1911:(1): 1–6.
1863:: 106740.
1417:2024-07-12
1377:(1): 1–6.
1348:2024-07-04
1286:Bos taurus
1236:References
1149:jallikattu
1145:Tamil Nadu
1137:tolon'omby
1128:Madagascar
878:Tharparkar
866:Red Sindhi
842:Cholistani
801:many other
789:Red Fulani
767:Madagascar
744:Bangladesh
555:Bos taurus
514:Bos taurus
487:subspecies
456:Bos taurus
375:South Asia
367:subspecies
235:Bos taurus
7931:Q20747726
7524:Suborder
7434:Guanaco (
7406:Camelidae
7392:Suborder
7364:D. tajacu
7353:Dicotyles
7329:Catagonus
7316:T. pecari
7261:S. scrofa
7165:P. porcus
7154:Bushpig (
7022:Babyrousa
6998:Suborder
6895:C. weynsi
6886:C. spadix
6751:C. adersi
6672:O. ourebi
6606:N. batesi
6595:Neotragus
6564:M. kirkii
6366:N. granti
6331:Gerenuk (
6300:G. spekei
6264:G. dorcas
6121:Dibatag (
5908:S. caffer
5873:Pseudoryx
5860:B. taurus
5840:Banteng (
5815:B. gaurus
5744:Tamaraw (
5590:Chamois (
5572:Rupicapra
5559:P. nayaur
5535:O. vignei
5515:Mouflon (
5214:C. hircus
5203:Markhor (
5106:A. lervia
4871:Beatragus
4797:Aepyceros
4621:Gemsbok (
4614:O. dammah
4456:P. carlae
4349:M. temama
4340:M. rufina
4304:M. chunyi
4286:M. bororo
4176:Capreolus
4102:C. nippon
4093:C. hanglu
3980:Elaphurus
3925:A. kuhlii
3839:Elaphodus
3707:Muntiacus
3542:M. indica
3531:Moschiola
3463:M. fuscus
3406:Moschidae
3267:Suborder
3227:Kingdom:
2828:1005-0094
2477:1011-2367
2360:749423644
2217:(1): 88.
2119:Behaviour
1976:143063029
1885:234265221
1540:Grubb, P.
1467:(1999) .
987:does not
937:Rajasthan
785:Afrikaner
667:haplotype
653:Subsahara
641:Near East
355:Camel cow
160:Species:
88:Kingdom:
82:Eukaryota
7984:11439412
7925:Wikidata
7816:10790084
7703:Wikidata
7650:Wikidata
7496:C. ferus
7452:Vicuña (
7445:L. pacos
7443:Alpaca (
7427:L. glama
7394:Tylopoda
6904:C. zebra
6832:C. niger
6406:Procapra
6184:Eudorcas
6160:Antilope
5897:Syncerus
5858:Cattle (
5851:B. mutus
5779:B. bison
5719:B. arnee
5680:Nilgai (
5557:Bharal (
5548:Pseudois
5508:O. dalli
5490:O. aries
5481:O. ammon
5479:Argali (
5431:Muskox (
5398:Oreamnos
5376:N. goral
5259:C. walie
5143:Budorcas
5080:Caprinae
5025:Caprinae
4880:Hirola (
4824:Peleinae
4806:Impala (
4711:K. leche
4709:Lechwe (
4605:O. beisa
4581:H. niger
4242:Taruca (
4209:Rangifer
4139:A. alces
4040:Sambar (
3967:R. eldii
3947:Rucervus
3905:Chital (
3697:Cervinae
3684:Cervidae
3645:Cervidae
3573:Tragulus
3247:Eutheria
3241:Mammalia
3235:Chordata
3233:Phylum:
3229:Animalia
3161:Archived
3111:BBC News
3093:26213592
2737:29300786
2697:PLOS ONE
2495:26104394
2438:11951007
2403:11951043
2288:31475748
2243:27846793
2159:Genetics
2050:. IFIZCI
2034:30575786
1927:19770222
1806:24806472
1766:PLOS ONE
1747:30575786
1576:62265494
1542:(2005).
1491:39786571
1393:19770222
1296:Archived
1282:(2021).
1209:See also
1178:Hinduism
1162:a zebu.
1132:Malagasy
882:Kangayam
803:breeds.
756:Mongolia
615:Pakistan
611:Mehrgarh
468:describe
447:Taxonomy
261:, 1785
259:Boddaert
255:Bos zebu
248:Erxleben
217:Synonyms
205:Linnaeus
128:Family:
112:Mammalia
102:Chordata
98:Phylum:
92:Animalia
78:Domain:
8044:ZooBank
7958:2441023
7855:1006265
7790:2441024
7709:Q168903
7608:Cetacea
7599:Cetacea
7467:Camelus
7425:Llama (
7305:Tayassu
7121:Porcula
6670:Oribi (
6661:Ourebia
6544:Madoqua
6529:Beira (
6450:Saigini
6357:N. dama
6235:Gazella
6084:Bovidae
6082:Family
6053:T. oryx
5973:Bongo (
5955:Nyala (
5882:Saola (
5804:Gayal (
5708:Bubalus
5623:Bovinae
5619:Bovidae
5617:Family
5533:Urial (
5223:C. ibex
5152:Takin (
5076:Bovidae
5074:Family
5037:Bovinae
4963:C. gnou
4742:Redunca
4654:Addax (
4538:Bovidae
4536:Family
4444:Pudella
4431:P. pudu
4322:M. nana
4137:Moose (
3907:A. axis
3874:D. dama
3736:M. feae
3682:Family
3657:Bovidae
3602:T. napu
3416:Moschus
3352:Giraffa
3337:Okapi (
3239:Class:
3218:species
3214:Extant
3084:4506798
2728:5754058
2705:Bibcode
2553:. 2024.
2486:4478499
2418:Science
2383:Bibcode
2375:Science
2311:Bibcode
2262:cattle"
2234:5111355
2190:9215909
2181:1208036
2025:6303292
2004:Bibcode
1968:2743556
1865:Bibcode
1797:4012948
1774:Bibcode
1738:6303292
1717:Bibcode
1689:8643540
1657:Bibcode
1514:Bibcode
1195:gomutra
1089:draught
1075:, India
1008:removed
993:sources
963:Canchim
927:or the
921:Haryana
917:Hariana
874:Baggara
862:Sahiwal
830:Brahman
599:aurochs
587:Azes II
530:). The
479:species
398:draught
391:tropics
363:species
361:, is a
272:R. Owen
148:Genus:
142:Bovinae
132:Bovidae
118:Order:
108:Class:
8036:104267
8023:490109
7997:183839
7971:334675
7904:655950
7901:uBio:
7894:367674
7881:200395
7842:136721
7829:183845
7803:144091
7764:305223
7682:655948
7679:uBio:
7656:Q46889
7012:Suidae
6613:Suni (
6346:Nanger
5831:Zebu (
5813:Gaur (
5698:Bovini
5422:Ovibos
4727:Puku (
4702:K. kob
4266:Mazama
4055:Cervus
3328:Okapia
3139:
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1160:cloned
1113:manure
1073:Mumbai
1048:cattle
1040:Nelore
948:Brazil
925:Punjab
858:Ongole
854:Nelore
850:Lohani
846:Dhanni
793:Ankole
724:nagana
694:steppe
561:Origin
491:cattle
426:manure
383:dewlap
7979:IRMNG
7811:IRMNG
7751:15686
7746:EUNIS
7000:Suina
6483:Saiga
6424:Goa (
5943:kudus
5167:Capra
4834:Pelea
4700:Kob (
4682:Kobus
4645:Addax
4128:Alces
4082:Elk (
3006:(PDF)
2863:(PDF)
2810:(3).
2785:(PDF)
2768:(PDF)
2678:(PDF)
2661:(PDF)
2644:(PDF)
2627:(PDF)
2610:(PDF)
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1972:S2CID
1964:JSTOR
1881:S2CID
1853:(PDF)
1825:Delhi
1680:39419
1550:. In
931:from
919:from
910:India
797:Boran
752:Korea
748:Japan
740:Nepal
645:Egypt
585:king
472:China
451:Both
414:hides
42:Zebu
8010:9915
8005:NCBI
7992:ITIS
7953:GBIF
7945:MLPX
7868:9909
7863:NCBI
7837:IUCN
7824:ITIS
7785:GBIF
7738:MLQ3
7606:see
7416:Lama
5470:Ovis
4594:Oryx
4410:Pudu
4004:Rusa
3896:Axis
3863:Dama
3169:2013
3137:ISBN
3089:PMID
2988:2019
2957:ISBN
2907:ISBN
2882:ISBN
2824:ISSN
2733:PMID
2491:PMID
2473:ISSN
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2399:PMID
2356:OCLC
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1562:ISBN
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1477:ISBN
1445:ISBN
1389:PMID
1121:pets
1111:and
1109:fuel
1107:for
1105:dung
1091:and
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991:any
989:cite
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692:and
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7733:CoL
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