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In addition to the detailed descriptions and paintings of the flora and fauna of Peru and Chile, Ruiz also reflected on the geology and the weather conditions of the explored territories. He also included ethnological information about the lifestyle of both the indigenous population and the colonists
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in 1784 that carried numerous botanical samples, a 1785 fire in the
Peruvian population in Macora that resulted in the loss of additional samples and equipment, to quarrels between the members of the expeditionary team, specially between Ruiz and Dombey, that resulted in the latter leaving the group
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All together, more than 3,000 specimens of plants were collected and 2,500 life-sized botanical illustrations were produced, and when they returned to Spain they brought back a great many living plants, among which was a medicinal remedy for the flu as well as toothaches, using as a base the boiled
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In 1788, the bulk of the expedition returned to Spain, leaving only
Tafalla in Peru with a mandate to continue sending material. Painters Xavier Cortes and Jose Gabriel Rivera joined botanist Agustin Jose Manzanilla in 1793. Between 1799 and 1808, an herbarium was set up in the territory of present
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During the 18th century, Europe saw a flowering interest in the science of botany that in Spain crystallized in the organization of a series of scientific expeditions to
Spanish colonial territories in America, the Pacific islands and Asia. King Charles III of Spain was very much in favor of this
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a
Spaniard who was one of the first who traveled to South America and documenting the different plants with wonderful paintings and written descriptions. All of this work was in the archives and only published by
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in ten volumes, richly illustrated with engravings of the specimens. The first four volumes were published between 1798 and 1802. The last six volumes were published after the death of Ruiz.
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Quito (Ecuador) to further study the
Huayaquilensis Flora, that continued making regular mailings of material to Spain until the death of Tafalla in 1811.
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in April 1778. For over ten years, from 1778 to 1788, they explored the territories of present Peru and Chile studying and collecting specimens.
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The journals Ruiz produced for his exploration of South
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The collections that arrived in Cádiz in 1788 were in the most part in good condition, and were housed in Madrid's
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type of scientific research and provided funding for several explorations in the later part of the century.
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Two prestigious botanical illustrators, Joseph Bonete and Isidro Gálvez, also accompanied the expedition.
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in Madrid, 1792, that was promptly translated into
Italian in 1792, German in 1794 and English in 1800.
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after searching the Real Jardín Botánico in Madrid archives and finding the informaction that formed,
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The expedition suffered all kinds of setbacks during this time, ranging from the sinking of the ship
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The main collection consisting of more than ten thousand engravings remained at the
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After Ruiz died on 1816, Pavón sold a part of the collections of the expedition to
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372:"Systema vegetabilium florae peruvianae et chilensis" bibdigital.rjb.csic.es
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Flowers for the King: the
Expedition of Ruiz and Pavon and the Flora of Peru
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in 1784. He was replaced by Juan José Tafalla
Navascués that same year.
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and natural history knowledge. Of particular interest at the time was
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Also in the Archives of the Real Jardín Botánico in Madrid was
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was named head botanist of the expedition, with French physician
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Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón Jiménez published
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Flora peruviana, et chilensis, sive descriptiones, et icones
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in 1794, and he published various works in that body's
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and finally the life work of Tafalla was published.
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182:Systema vegetabilium florae peruvianae chilensis
367:"Flora Peruviana et Chilensis" at Botanicus.org
18:Botanical Expedition to the Viceroyalty of Peru
231:Hipólito Ruiz López was named a member of the
207:Quinología o tratado del árbol de la quina
26:Expedición Botánica al Virreinato del Perú
309:Royal Botanical Expedition to New Granada
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361:Ruiz & Pavón Herbarium
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53:José Antonio Pavón Jiménez
252:Linnean Society of London
233:Royal Academy of Medicine
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47:and headed by botanists
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292:Flora Huayaquilensis
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419:Viceroyalty of Peru
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49:Hipólito Ruiz López
34:Viceroyalty of Peru
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