632:
and analysed by the
Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, or ISG ) examined this hypothesis by conducting a large field trial of widescale (proactive) culling and localised reactive culling (in comparison with areas which received no badger culling). In their final report, the ISG concluded: "First, while badgers are clearly a source of cattle TB, careful evaluation of our own and others' data indicates that badger culling can make no meaningful contribution to cattle TB control in Britain. Indeed, some policies under consideration are likely to make matters worse rather than better. Second, weaknesses in cattle-testing regimens mean that cattle themselves contribute significantly to the persistence and spread of disease in all areas where TB occurs, and in some parts of Britain are likely to be the main source of infection. Scientific findings indicate that the rising incidence of disease can be reversed, and geographical spread contained, by the rigid application of cattle-based control measures alone." On 26 July 2007, the Minister of State, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Lord Rooker) said, "My Lords, we welcome the Independent Scientific Group's final report, which further improves the evidence base. We are carefully considering the issues that the report raises, and will continue to work with industry, government advisers, and scientific experts in reaching policy decisions on these issues."
863:), and The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), published the first Roadmap for Zoonotic Tuberculosis, recognizing zoonotic tuberculosis as a prominent global health problem. The main route of transmission is through the consumption of unpasteurized milk or other dairy products, although transmission via inhalation and via consumption of poorly cooked meat has also been reported. In 2018, based on the most recent Global Tuberculosis Report, an estimated 142,000 new cases of zoonotic tuberculosis, and 12,500 deaths due to the disease occurred. Cases of zoonotic tuberculosis have been reported in Africa, the Americas, Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Western Pacific. Human zoonotic tuberculosis cases are linked to the presence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, and regions without adequate disease control measures and/or disease surveillance are at higher risk. It is difficult to clinically distinguish zoonotic tuberculosis from tuberculosis caused by
679:, Paul and David Torgerson argued that bovine tuberculosis is a negligible public-health problem in the UK, providing milk is pasteurized. Bovine TB is very rarely spread by aerosol from cattle to humans. Therefore, the bovine tuberculosis control programme in the UK in its present form is a misallocation of resources and provides no benefit to society. Indeed, very little evidence exists of a positive cost benefit to the livestock industry, as few studies have been undertaken on the direct costs of bovine TB to animal production. Milk pasteurisation was the single public health intervention that prevented the transmission of bovine TB to humans, and no justification for the present test and cull policy in the UK is seen.
5935:
70:
44:
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729:
5966:
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377:
312:
weeks at 37 °C to reach colonies visible to the unaided human eye. It is strictly aerobic, and grows at 37, but not at 25 °C. Optimal growth occurs at 37-38 °C. The species does not reduce nitrate or niacin, and is resistant to pyrazinamide. It is sensitive to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide.
799:
remains a significant barrier to the US nationwide eradication of the disease in livestock. In 2008, 733,998 licensed deer hunters harvested around 489,922 white-tailed deer in attempts to control the disease spread. These hunters purchased more than 1.5 million deer-harvest tags. The economic value
409:
bacteria in infected milk. In the UK, cattle are tested for the disease as part of an eradication program and culled if they test positive. Such cattle can still enter the human food chain, but only after a meat inspector or a government veterinary surgeon has inspected the carcass and certified that
324:
is seen over the whole culture surface, forming a rough, waxy blanket, becoming thick and wrinkled and reaching up the sides of the container. Colonies are yellow when first visible, darkening to deep yellow and eventually brick red, if exposed to light. In fluid media, growth is on the surface only,
744:
According to
Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz, the late 19th-century discovery of the relationship between bovine and human tuberculosis led to state and federal attempts to stamp out bovine tuberculosis. The campaigns for clean milk and meat frightened city people into supporting controls, although at
686:
was published by
Rethink Bovine TB, an independent research group. The paper considers current policy in England and Wales. It proposes an alternative solution that is both practical and cost effective. In the paper, evidence is drawn from DEFRA and the work by Professors Paul and David Torgerson.
631:
infection in cattle... owever, the causal link... has not been proven". In essence, the contribution of badgers 'to the TB problem in
British cattle' was at this point a hypothesis that needed to be tested, according to the report. The subsequent Randomised Badger Culling Trial (designed, overseen
755:
Threatened by a sales cutoff ordered by urban public health officials, Vermont state government officials launched an innovative eradication campaign against bTB on farms, 1877 to 1936. They made use of the latest German research, and thereby kept the New York City and Boston markets. Vermont was
2240:
Valle, Miriam
Bobadilla-del; Torres-GonzĂĄlez, Pedro; Cervera-HernĂĄndez, Miguel Enrique; MartĂnez-Gamboa, Areli; Crabtree-Ramirez, Brenda; ChĂĄvez-Mazari, BĂĄrbara; Ortiz-Conchi, Narciso; RodrĂguez-Cruz, Luis; Cervantes-SĂĄnchez, Axel; Gudiño-EnrĂquez, Tomasa; Cinta-Severo, Carmen; Sifuentes-Osornio,
311:
growth, special culture media are required; for example, Dorset's egg medium incorporates egg yolk, phosphate buffer, magnesium salts, and sodium pyruvate; amino acids may be added, but glycerol is not included, as it is inhibitory. It is inhibited by glycerine. Culture generally requires several
817:
in isolated parts of the
Northern Territory. In Canada, affected wild elk and white-tailed deer are found in and around Riding Mountain National Park in Manitoba. To improve control and eliminate bTB, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency has split Manitoba into two management areas: The Riding
694:
published a target paper urging the government to reconsider its plans to cull thousands of badgers to control bovine TB, stating that the findings of Labour's major badger-culling trials several years prior were that culling does not work. The paper was authored by Graham Godwin-Pearson with a
657:
One of the reasons that the
Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs requires infected or suspected cattle to be culled is to meet EU regulations for the export of meat and dairy products to other member states. Meat and dairy products can still be sold in the UK into the human food
560:
The TB-free New
Zealand programme is regarded as "world-leading". It has successfully reduced cattle- and deer-herd infection rates from more than 1700 in 1994 to fewer than 100 herds in July 2011. Much of this success can be attributed to sustained cattle controls reducing cross-infection and
1609:
Delahay, R. J.; Smith, G. C.; Barlow, A. M.; Walker, N.; Harris, A.; Clifton-Hadley, R. S.; Cheeseman, C. L. (2007). "Bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the South-West region of
England: A survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle".
745:
the time, little evidence showed that tuberculosis was spread to humans through infected meat or milk. The campaigns against impure meat and milk led to tension between the developing veterinarian profession and the medical profession, each claiming that area as part of their own expertise.
473:. The disease can be transmitted in several ways; for example, it can be spread in exhaled air, sputum, urine, faeces, and pus, so the disease can be transmitted by direct contact, contact with the excreta of an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols, depending on the species involved.
808:
The disease is found in cattle throughout the globe, but some countries have been able to reduce or limit the incidence of the disease through a process of "test and cull" of the cattle stock. Most of Europe and several
Caribbean countries (including Cuba) are virtually free of
2655:
1386:
661:
Spread of the disease to humans by domestic pets became evident in March 2014 when Public Health England announced two people in England developed bTB infections after contact with a domestic cat. The two human cases were linked to 9 cases of bTB infection in cats in
5555:
779:) in the northeastern portion of Michigan and northern Minnesota, and sporadically imported from Mexico. Only the white-tailed deer has been confirmed as a maintenance host in the Michigan outbreak of bTB, although other mammals such as raccoons (
579:
From 1979 to 1984, possum control was stopped due to lack of funding. From that point until 1994, TB rates in herds steadily increased. The area of New Zealand harbouring TB-infected wild animals expanded from about 10% of the country to 40%.
1390:
752:(bovine tuberculosis or bTB), including 10% dairy animals and 1â2% of beef cattle. The rates were going up. Around 1900, 15,000 Americans, mostly children, died each year from bTB, and many more suffered pain and disfigurement.
2292:
Olea-Popelka, Francisco; Muwonge, Adrian; Perera, Alejandro; Dean, Anna S; Mumford, Elizabeth; Erlacher-Vindel, Elisabeth; Forcella, Simona; Silk, Benjamin J; Ditiu, Lucica; El Idrissi, Ahmed; Raviglione, Mario (2017-01-01).
565:, control work from 1988 to 1994 achieved a sustained mean reduction of 87.5% in the density of TBâinfected possums. As expected, annual TB incidence in local cattle herds consequently declined by a similar amount (83.4%).
1555:"Bovine TB: The Scientific Evidence; Final Report of the Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB Presented to the Secretary of State for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs The Rt Hon David Miliband MP, June 2007"
818:
Mountain TB eradication area, where the disease has been found, and the Manitoba TB Eradication Area, the rest of the province outside RMEA where the disease has not been found. The disease has also been found in
1035:
Garnier, Thierry; Eiglmeier, Karin; Camus, Jean-Christophe; Medina, Nadine; Mansoor, Huma; Pryor, Melinda; Duthoy, Stephanie; Grondin, Sophie; Lacroix, Celine; Monsempe, Christel; Simon, Sylvie (2003-06-24).
884:
The 2017 Roadmap identified ten priority areas for addressing zoonotic tuberculosis, which include collecting more accurate data, improving diagnostics, closing research gaps, improving food safety, reducing
889:
in animal populations, identifying risk factors for transmission, increasing awareness, developing policies, implementing interventions, and increasing investments. To align with goals outlined in the
236:
once disturbed. In tissues they form slender rods, straight or curved, or club-shaped. Short, relatively plump bacilli (rods) in tissue smears, large slender beaded rods in culture. They have no
360:
containing a point mutation that affects binding of Mg cofactor. Pyruvate kinase catalyses the final step of glycolysis, the dephosphorylation of phosphorenolpyruvate to pyruvate. Therefore, in
5550:
627:
in 1971, but the report of an independent review committee in 1997 (the Krebs Report) concluded: "strong circumstantial evidence to suggest that badgers represent a significant source of
265:. The cell wall contains as high as 60% lipid, giving the mycobacteria their hydrophobic characteristics, slow growth, and resistance to desiccation, disinfectants, acids and antibodies. (
3573:
877:, which contributes to an underestimation of total cases worldwide. Controlling this disease requires animal health, food safety, and human health sectors to work together under a
2719:
391:
is estimated to have been responsible for more losses among farm animals than all other infectious diseases combined. Infection occurs if the bacterium is ingested or inhaled.
3545:
800:
of deer hunting to Michigan's economy in the drive to eradicate TB is substantial. For example, in 2006, hunters spent US$ 507 million hunting white-tailed deer in Michigan.
1162:
Delahay, R.J.; De Leeuw, A.N.S.; Barlow, A.M.; Clifton-Hadley, R.S.; Cheeseman, C.L. (2002). "The status of Mycobacterium bovis infection in UK wild mammals: A review".
5718:
3566:
1700:
557:
from wild vector species across 2.5 million hectares â or one-quarter â of New Zealand's at-risk areas, by 2026, and eventually eradicating the disease entirely.
6134:
320:
Initially (after 3â4 weeks), its minute, dull flakes, begin to thicken to form dry, irregular masses standing high above the culture medium surface. Eventually,
1844:
2508:
Thoen, Charles O.; Kaplan, Bruce; Thoen, Tyler C.; Gilsdorf, Michael J.; Shere, Jack A. (2016). "Zoonotic tuberculosis. A comprehensive ONE HEALTH approach".
1737:
401:
from infected cows, although it can also spread via aerosol droplets. Actual infections in humans are nowadays rare in developed countries, mainly because
2424:
MĂŒller, Borna; DĂŒrr, Salome; Alonso, Silvia; Hattendorf, Jan; Laisse, ClĂĄudio J.M.; Parsons, Sven D.C.; van Helden, Paul D.; Zinsstag, Jakob (June 2013).
5683:
2712:
723:
254:
group bacteria are 1.0-4.0 ÎŒm long by 0.2-0.3 ÎŒm wide in tissues. In culture, they may appear as cocci, or as bacilli up to 6-8 ÎŒm long.
606:
5713:
5169:
2685:
2243:"Trends of Mycobacterium bovis Isolation and First-Line Anti-tuberculosis Drug Susceptibility Profile: A Fifteen-Year Laboratory-Based Surveillance"
5673:
2294:
6095:
1351:
Kean, J.M.; Barlow, N. D.; Hickling, G.J. (1999). "Evaluating potential sources of bovine tuberculosis infection in a New Zealand cattle herd".
714:, of the Jenner Institute, Oxford, published research on replacing, reducing, and refining the use of animals in tuberculosis vaccine research.
4850:
2705:
6147:
5605:
5858:
5572:
3170:
5796:
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1554:
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exceptional, for across the country many farmers strenuously resisted bovine tuberculosis eradication as an expensive violation of their
492:) which was isolated after subculturing on glycerine potato medium 239 times during 13 years starting from an initial virulent strain .
1337:
5634:
2368:
1894:
1197:
Phillips, C.J.C.; Foster, C.R.W.; Morris, P.A.; Teverson, R. (2001). "The transmission of Mycobacterium bovis infection to cattle".
654:
In some localised areas, the risk of transmission to cattle from fallow deer has been argued to be greater than it is from badgers.
583:
The fact that possums are such effective transmitters of TB appears to be facilitated by their behaviour once they get the disease.
6069:
5678:
5540:
1502:
6121:
5648:
3013:
1971:
3394:
2799:
2661:
1870:
1429:
549:, which established a national pest-management strategy, is the legislation behind control of the disease in New Zealand. The
534:
2025:
Alan L. Olmstead and Paul W. Rhode. "An impossible undertaking: the eradication of bovine tuberculosis in the United States."
1528:
813:. Australia is officially free of the disease since the successful BTEC program, but residual infections might exist in feral
5639:
5587:
5492:
364:, glycolytic intermediates are unable to enter into oxidative metabolism. Although no specific studies have been performed,
6126:
1964:
639:, although the frequency of isolation is generally much less than cattle and badgers. In some areas of south-west England,
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5842:
5653:
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930:
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in 95% alcohol (i.e. they are acid-alcohol fast); following washing, the slide is counterstained with e.g. methylene blue.
2009:
Alan L. Olmstead and Paul W. Rhode, "Not on my farm! Resistance to bovine tuberculosis eradication in the United States."
1312:
1127:
O'Reilly LM, Daborn CJ. (August 1995). "The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections in animals and man: a review".
269:
family). They are not easy to stain with aniline dyes; although they are Gram positive, confirming this may be difficult.
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5830:
5708:
2482:
1263:
17:
3969:
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1257:
Vordermeier, H. Martin; Jones, Gareth J.; Buddle, Bryce M.; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Villarreal-Ramos, Bernardo (2016-02-15).
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2014:
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893:
Global Plan to End TB 2016-2020, The Roadmap outlines specific milestones and goals to be met within this time frame.
417:
Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease which affects a broad range of mammalian hosts, including humans,
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1650:"Estimating the risk of cattle exposure to tuberculosis posed by wild deer relative to badgers in England and Wales"
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it is fit for human consumption. However, in areas of the developing world where pasteurisation is not routine,
5820:
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5530:
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4172:
4131:
4016:
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1738:"Food chain information model document for animals susceptible to bovine tuberculosis | Food Standards Agency"
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4836:
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4512:
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2051:
Olmstead and Rhode. "An impossible undertaking: the eradication of bovine tuberculosis in the United States."
881:
approach (multi-disciplinary collaborations to improve the health of animals, people, and the environment).
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seemingly must rely on amino acids or fatty acids as an alternative carbon source for energy metabolism.
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2063:"Epizootiological survey of Mycobasterium bovis in wildlife and farm environments in Northern Michigan"
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208:
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Basil P. Tangredi, "Routing Mr. Bovine Bacillus: Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis on Vermont Farms"
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operates a nationwide programme of cattle testing and possum control, with the goal of eradicating
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in people, and the current most commonly used diagnostics cannot effectively distinguish between
700:
454:
270:
2658:- The use of 1080 for pest control in New Zealand - Possums as reservoirs of bovine tuberculosis
2112:"Management of bovine tuberculosis in Michigan wildlife: Current status and near term prospects"
2061:
Witmer, G.; Fine, A. E.; Gionfriddo, J.; Pipas, M.; Shively, K.; Piccolo, K.; Burke, P. (2010).
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1233:"What is Bovine Tuberculosis (TB)? | Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs"
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chain, providing the relevant carcass inspections and milk pasteurisation have been applied.
228:
The bacteria are curved or straight rods. They sometimes form filaments, which fragment into
154:
6175:
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behaviour, have been implicated as possible maintenance hosts for transmission of bovine TB
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3372:
2544:"Stop TB Partnership | The Global Plan to End TB | The Global Plan to Stop TB 2016 - 2020"
2148:" Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) Management - In the Riding Mountain Area, Manitoba Conservation
8:
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As of the end of 2013, the USDA has accredited cattle herds in all US states except for
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2343:
2295:"Zoonotic tuberculosis in human beings caused by Mycobacterium bovisâa call for action"
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2198:
2173:
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1792:
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1103:
925:
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1917:"Replacing, reducing and refining the use of animals in tuberculosis vaccine research"
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Chambers, Mark; Gordon, Stephen; Olea-Popelka, Francisco; Barrow, Paul (2018-04-13).
2463:
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1946:
1938:
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1468:
1387:"The use of 1080 for pest control - 3.1 Possums as reservoirs of bovine tuberculosis"
1294:
1286:
1214:
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results in stain pink with hot carbol fuscin and then resist decolourisation with 3%
245:
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1437:
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1928:
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1619:
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1460:
1451:
Reynolds D (2006). "A review of tuberculosis science and policy in Great Britain".
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1259:"Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle: Vaccines, DIVA Tests, and Host Biomarker Discovery"
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1136:
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is referred to as zoonotic tuberculosis. In 2017, the World Health Organization (
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during 2013. These are the first documented cases of cat-to-human transmission.
572:, ground-baiting, and where other methods are impractical, aerial treatment with
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1623:
1316:
1042:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
613:, the risk to people contracting TB from cattle in Great Britain would be low.
561:
breaking the disease cycle. For example, at Hohotaka, in New Zealand's central
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2569:"Treatment of human disease due to Mycobacterium bovis: a systematic review"
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1950:
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1488:
Bovine tuberculosis in cattle and badgers: an independent scientific review
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Lesions consistent with bovine tuberculosis on the lower jaw and lung of a
195:
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Dairy industry in the United States § Bovine tuberculosis eradication
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3273:
2664:- Facts about how 1080 poison is used to control bovine TB in New Zealand
644:
530:
489:
2110:
O'Brien, D. J.; Schmitt, S. M.; Fitzgerald, S. D.; Berry, D. E. (2011).
1997:
6074:
5730:
5482:
5447:
5376:
5163:
5038:
4998:
4867:
4828:
3321:
3307:
2971:
2903:
2879:
913:
878:
829:
737:
648:
321:
6087:
1648:
Ward, A. I.; Smith, G. C.; Etherington, T. R.; Delahay, R. J. (2009).
728:
484:
is the ancestor of the most widely used vaccine against tuberculosis,
6056:
5776:
5487:
5419:
5394:
5356:
5321:
5313:
5295:
5280:
5268:
5212:
5189:
5157:
5152:
4942:
2727:
1992:
Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz, "The trouble with bovine tuberculosis."
1552:
909:
696:
691:
667:
663:
438:
381:
237:
5990:
2111:
1834:'Bovine TB, Time for a Rethink www.rethinkbtb.org/a_better-way.html'
836:, in 2004, and from human to cattle, but such occurrences are rare.
6061:
6013:
5751:
5341:
5290:
5146:
5086:
4914:
4884:
2670:- The background on immunology and testing for Bovine Tuberculosis.
1793:"Public health and bovine tuberculosis: what's all the fuss about?"
1161:
733:
569:
458:
450:
398:
220:
and cause tuberculosis-like infection in humans and other mammals.
217:
81:
2221:
Tice FJ (1944). "Man, a source of bovine tuberculosis in cattle".
1485:
1412:"Future freedom from bovine TB, Graham Nugent (Landcare Research)"
635:
In the UK, many other mammals have been found to be infected with
5207:
4924:
4894:
3584:
3033:
2616:
2109:
1003:
Grange, John M.; Yates, Malcolm D.; de Kantor, Isabel N. (1996).
833:
616:
514:
2480:
2174:"Human pulmonary tuberculosis of bovine origin in Great Britain"
1895:"Now even Tories are calling for the badger cull to be scrapped"
828:
can be transmitted from human to human; an outbreak occurred in
767:
infections in cattle herds in the United States are not common.
699:
and contributions by leading tuberculosis scientists, including
5351:
5309:
4879:
1350:
466:
462:
446:
418:
325:
unless a wetting agent (e.g. Tween 80) is added to the medium.
233:
199:
1256:
795:. The fact that white-tailed deer are a maintenance host for
376:
5305:
4957:
2426:"Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovisâinduced Tuberculosis in Humans"
2291:
1701:"Intra-Union Trade in Bovine Animals for Breeding/Production"
839:
In Mexico, the disease is prevalent and rising among humans.
470:
426:
281:
5924:
2642:
1196:
3402:
2656:
Bovine TB information on Department of Conservation website
1845:"Bow Group urges the Government to Scrap Badger Cull plans"
1786:
1784:
1647:
1126:
1034:
640:
422:
2423:
1790:
1529:"Bovine TB: The Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB"
682:
In July 2010, the second issue of the discussion document
5202:
2060:
916:
for 9 months. Most cattle that test positive are killed.
597:
In the 1930s, 40% of cattle in the UK were infected with
442:
430:
2567:
Lan, Zhiyi; Bastos, Mayara; Menzies, Dick (2016-08-18).
2507:
2171:
2103:
1781:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1587:"Daily Hansard, House of Lords; Thursday, 26 July 2007"
2662:
Information about bovine TB on 1080: The Facts website
1490:. London: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
1250:
1038:"The complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium bovis"
212:, the bacterium which causes tuberculosis in humans.
3455:
1643:
1641:
1599:
1338:"Bovine TB control: What are other countries doing?"
1002:
414:
is a relatively common cause of human tuberculosis.
223:
5684:
2024 United Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak
3446:
1503:"Bovine TB: Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT)"
1190:
1155:
748:By 1917, 5% of American cattle were infected with
287:
2668:Background on immunology and testing for Bovine TB
2241:José; León, Alfredo Ponce de (30 September 2015).
2617:"Bovine TB - Cattle, spread, symptoms, treatment"
2323:20.500.11820/18997533-9955-480f-8ce7-4681d5518ed1
1638:
605:infection were reported every year. According to
6190:
2566:
976:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
568:Possums are controlled through a combination of
328:
1486:Krebs JR, Anderson T, Clutton-Brock WT (1997).
476:
397:is usually transmitted to humans by consuming
4844:
3388:
2713:
1915:Tanner, Rachel; McShane, Helen (2017-02-01).
1914:
1847:. Bow Publishing. 25 Mar 2012. Archived from
965:
5859:Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
5674:2017â2018 South African listeriosis outbreak
5573:1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal
1353:New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research
517:provocation, finding the peptide test to be
5797:United Kingdom food information regulations
1553:Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB.
1108:WOAH - World Organisation for Animal Health
495:
387:During the first half of the 20th century,
344:is a Gram-positive, acid-fast, rod-shaped,
4851:
4837:
3395:
3381:
2720:
2706:
1450:
1430:"Dr Paul Livingstone letter to the editor"
505:Skin testing is possible in cattle. Casal
336:is similar in structure and metabolism to
42:
5635:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
2584:
2457:
2369:"WHO | Roadmap for zoonotic tuberculosis"
2321:
2268:
2258:
2197:
2078:
1932:
1667:
1584:
1280:
1079:
1061:
987:
855:), World Organization for Animal Health (
315:
5679:2018 Australian strawberry contamination
5541:Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident
4858:
842:
727:
375:
5649:2011 United States listeriosis outbreak
3014:Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
2398:"WHO | Global tuberculosis report 2018"
2220:
1972:United States Department of Agriculture
1868:
623:) were first identified as carriers of
356:lacks pyruvate kinase activity, due to
14:
6191:
5664:2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning
5241:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
2800:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection
1965:Status of Current Eradication Programs
1005:"Guidelines for speciation within the
966:Karlson, A. G.; Lessel, E. F. (1970).
859:), Food and Agriculture Organization (
292:
5995:
5994:
4832:
3376:
2701:
2652:- TB control programme in New Zealand
2419:
2417:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
1791:Torgerson, PR; Torgerson, DJ (2010).
908:, so the standard human treatment is
194:bacterium and the causative agent of
6163:75d5eca0-d1a3-42f7-8d18-1f0ed6961451
5955:
5843:Institute for Food Safety and Health
5583:Australian meat substitution scandal
5551:Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959
5327:Arsenic contamination of groundwater
1767:"Pet cats infect two people with TB"
1698:
1282:10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111311
931:Badger culling in the United Kingdom
593:Badger culling in the United Kingdom
5975:
5831:Food Information and Control Agency
1994:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
1264:Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
24:
2916:Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
2414:
2354:
1897:. Western Morning News. 3 Apr 2012
1735:
302:facultative intracellular parasite
186:is a slow-growing (16- to 20-hour
25:
6245:
5848:International Food Safety Network
5772:International Food Safety Network
5493:Variant CreutzfeldtâJakob disease
5443:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
5170:Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic
3009:Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis
2729:Gram-positive bacterial infection
2636:
2172:Griffith AS and Munro WT (1944).
2159:"Nightclub linked to TB outbreak"
1526:
1500:
1225:
586:
224:Bacterium morphology and staining
5974:
5964:
5954:
5945:
5944:
5933:
5923:
5853:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
5689:Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal
5620:2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak
5615:ICA meat repackaging controversy
2984:Primary inoculation tuberculosis
2247:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
1869:Barkham, Patrick (26 Mar 2012).
717:
288:Culture and biochemical features
68:
5792:Quality Assurance International
5699:Food safety incidents in Taiwan
5669:2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat
5563:1971 Iraq poison grain disaster
5478:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
3336:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
2609:
2560:
2536:
2501:
2474:
2390:
2285:
2233:
2214:
2165:
2151:
2142:
2054:
2045:
2032:
2019:
2003:
1986:
1957:
1908:
1887:
1862:
1837:
1828:
1759:
1729:
1692:
1578:
1546:
1520:
1494:
1479:
1444:
1422:
1404:
1379:
1344:
1330:
1305:
601:and 50,000 new cases of human
371:
5821:European Food Safety Authority
5694:Food safety incidents in China
5531:1858 Bradford sweets poisoning
5498:Water fluoridation controversy
3053:Borderline lepromatous leprosy
3043:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
2950:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
2302:The Lancet Infectious Diseases
1313:"TBfree New Zealand programme"
1199:Research in Veterinary Science
1120:
1096:
1028:
996:
959:
791:) can serve as spill-over and
690:In March 2012, think tank the
524:
13:
1:
2314:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30139-6
1436:. 26 May 2011. Archived from
1373:10.1080/00288233.1999.9513358
1211:10.1016/S0034-5288(02)00145-5
953:
847:The infection of humans with
740:as being free from bovine TB.
684:Bovine TB, Time for a Rethink
329:Cell structure and metabolism
5826:Food and Drug Administration
5508:Food contamination incidents
3316:Corynebacterium minutissimum
3161:Mycobacterium intracellulare
2794:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
2573:European Respiratory Journal
2430:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2260:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004124
2128:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.042
2067:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
1871:"Badger Cull divides Tories"
1655:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
1465:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.042
1141:10.1016/0962-8479(95)90591-X
896:
477:Application to biotechnology
170:Karlson & Lessel 1970,
7:
5880:Food and drink prohibitions
5654:Bihar school meal poisoning
5578:United Kingdom BSE outbreak
5536:1900 English beer poisoning
4890:Antibiotic use in livestock
3302:Corynebacterium diphtheriae
2586:10.1183/13993003.00629-2016
2027:Journal of Economic History
2011:Journal of Economic History
1699:Bain, John (4 April 2017).
1669:10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.1104
947:Mycobacterium avium complex
919:
673:In a 2010 opinion piece in
10:
6250:
6234:Bacteria described in 1970
5875:Curing (food preservation)
4948:Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
2080:10.7589/0090-3558-46.2.368
1624:10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.11.011
1007:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
866:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
721:
590:
500:
488:bacillus Calmette-Guérin (
252:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
209:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
6003:
5918:
5905:Genetically modified food
5867:
5805:
5757:Food labeling regulations
5729:
5625:2008 Chinese milk scandal
5506:
5428:
5375:
5304:
5254:
5226:
5188:
5077:
4985:
4933:
4866:
4797:
4724:
4606:
4468:
4355:
4348:
4261:
4247:
4204:
4182:
4043:
4036:
3994:
3948:
3903:
3894:
3867:
3826:
3780:
3648:
3641:
3415:
3350:
3291:
3249:
3202:
3136:
3115:
3080:
3071:
3022:
2977:Papulonecrotic tuberculid
2911:Tuberculous lymphadenitis
2859:
2850:
2841:
2817:
2748:
2739:
2190:10.1017/S0022172400012894
1814:10.1016/j.tim.2009.11.002
1016:World Health Organization
989:10.1099/00207713-20-3-273
904:is innately resistant to
803:
160:
153:
65:Scientific classification
63:
50:
41:
34:
5767:Food safety in Australia
4963:High-fructose corn syrup
3330:Corynebacterium jeikeium
2994:Tuberculous pericarditis
2808:Actinomyces gerencseriae
2693:Health Protection Agency
2487:. CABI. pp. 16â17.
1736:Agency, Food Standards.
1009:complex. Second edition"
611:Health Protection Agency
496:Epidemiology and control
218:jump the species barrier
57:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
5747:Acceptable daily intake
5659:2013 horse meat scandal
5100:Clostridium perfringens
2999:Urogenital tuberculosis
2828:Propionibacterium acnes
2770:Cutaneous actinomycosis
2116:Veterinary Microbiology
2042:(2017) 85#2 pp 113-127.
1063:10.1073/pnas.1130426100
535:common brushtail possum
455:common brushtail possum
5815:Centre for Food Safety
5630:2008 Irish pork crisis
5332:Benzene in soft drinks
4339:M. fluoroanthenivorans
3004:Tuberculous dactylitis
2955:Tuberculous cellulitis
2442:10.3201/eid1906.120543
2013:67.3 (2007): 768-809.
1934:10.14573/altex.1607281
1801:Trends in Microbiology
1612:The Veterinary Journal
1440:on September 27, 2011.
1414:. 2011. Archived from
1389:. 2011. Archived from
1176:10.1053/tvjl.2001.0667
1164:The Veterinary Journal
777:Odocoileus virginianus
741:
676:Trends in Microbiology
384:
316:Appearance of colonies
271:ZiehlâNeelsen staining
5837:Food Standards Agency
5787:Organic certification
5782:Nutrition facts label
5526:Esing Bakery incident
5314:environment pollution
3574:M. ulcerans liflandii
3456:M. tuberculosis group
3361:Gardnerella vaginalis
3264:Nocardia brasiliensis
2579:(5): ERJâ00629â2016.
1996:59.2 (1985): 155-175
1104:"Bovine tuberculosis"
843:Zoonotic tuberculosis
731:
722:Further information:
465:); it rarely affects
379:
51:Attenuated strain of
5606:2006 North American
5264:Acesulfame potassium
5093:Campylobacter jejuni
4987:Intestinal parasites
4860:Consumer food safety
4621:M. thermoresistibile
4314:M. frederiksbergense
4183:M. intermedium group
4160:M. interjectum group
3781:M. haemophilum group
2967:Lichen scrofulosorum
2819:Propionibacteriaceae
2759:Actinomyces israelii
2161:. Metro. 2006-10-12.
2029:64.3 (2004): 734-772
1769:. BBC. 27 March 2014
785:Didelphis virginiana
547:Biosecurity Act 1993
206:). It is related to
27:Species of bacterium
6219:Foodborne illnesses
6140:mycobacterium-bovis
6035:Mycobacterium bovis
6005:Mycobacterium bovis
5910:Conspiracy theories
5463:Heterocyclic amines
5367:Shellfish poisoning
4798:M. elephantis group
4500:M. chlorophenolicum
4173:M. saskatchewanense
4132:M. parascrofulaceum
4017:M. nonchromogenicum
3868:M. conspicuum group
3260:Nocardia asteroides
3155:Mycobacterium avium
3058:Lepromatous leprosy
3038:Tuberculoid leprosy
2779:Tropheryma whipplei
2688:Mycobacterium bovis
2682:in African wildlife
2680:Mycobacterium bovis
2677:in African wildlife
2675:Mycobacterium bovis
2643:TB free New Zealand
2484:Bovine Tuberculosis
2379:on October 17, 2017
1365:1999NZJAR..42..101K
1054:2003PNAS..100.7877G
970:Mycobacterium bovis
936:Veterinary medicine
891:Stop TB Partnership
763:In recent decades,
695:foreword by singer
551:Animal Health Board
511:recombinant protein
293:Growth requirements
257:The bacteria stain
183:Mycobacterium bovis
164:Mycobacterium bovis
36:Mycobacterium bovis
18:Bovine tuberculosis
5568:Toxic oil syndrome
5521:Swill milk scandal
5347:Diethylstilbestrol
5019:Diphyllobothriasis
4700:M. madagascariense
4607:M. smegmatis group
4577:M. austroafricanum
4513:M. psychrotolerans
4356:M. fortuitum group
3995:M. hiberniae group
3352:Bifidobacteriaceae
3293:Corynebacteriaceae
3268:Nocardia farcinica
3105:Aquarium granuloma
3048:Borderline leprosy
2935:Erythema induratum
2648:2011-08-30 at the
926:Christopher Morcom
742:
541:for the spread of
385:
348:bacterium. Unlike
6229:Tropical diseases
6204:Acid-fast bacilli
6186:
6185:
6171:Open Tree of Life
5997:Taxon identifiers
5988:
5987:
5895:Food preservation
5704:Foodborne illness
5256:Sugar substitutes
5009:Cryptosporidiosis
4991:parasitic disease
4905:HGH controversies
4872:food contaminants
4826:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4725:M. chelonae group
4655:M. conceptionense
4602:
4601:
4402:M. neworleansense
4262:M. neoaurum group
4243:
4242:
4200:
4199:
4088:M. heidelbergense
4032:
4031:
3932:M. heckeshornense
3890:
3889:
3828:M. gordonae group
3822:
3821:
3667:M. intracellulare
3649:M. kansasii group
3546:M. pseudoshottsii
3370:
3369:
3346:
3345:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
2960:Tuberculous gumma
2843:Corynebacterineae
2837:
2836:
2786:Whipple's disease
1135:(Suppl 1): 1â46.
1048:(13): 7877â7882.
822:in South Africa.
773:white-tailed deer
533:, the introduced
275:hydrochloric acid
179:
178:
16:(Redirected from
6241:
6179:
6178:
6166:
6165:
6156:
6155:
6143:
6142:
6130:
6129:
6117:
6116:
6104:
6103:
6091:
6090:
6078:
6077:
6065:
6064:
6052:
6051:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6024:
6023:
6022:
5992:
5991:
5978:
5977:
5968:
5958:
5957:
5948:
5947:
5940:Drink portal
5938:
5937:
5936:
5928:
5927:
5839:(United Kingdom)
5588:Jack in the Box
5559:
5546:Minamata disease
5458:Food irradiation
5438:4-Hydroxynonenal
5286:Sodium cyclamate
5129:Escherichia coli
5121:Escherichia coli
4853:
4846:
4839:
4830:
4829:
4687:
4672:M. novocastrense
4664:
4542:
4493:
4490:M. parafortuitum
4452:
4429:
4353:
4352:
4259:
4258:
4161:
4124:
4123:M. kubicae group
4081:M. montefiorense
4054:
4041:
4040:
3949:M. celatum group
3901:
3900:
3716:
3684:paratuberculosis
3659:
3646:
3645:
3630:M. kumamotonense
3615:
3587:
3524:
3466:
3453:
3452:
3444:
3443:
3432:scotochromogenic
3426:photochromogenic
3397:
3390:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3282:Rhodococcus equi
3078:
3077:
2945:Prosector's wart
2857:
2856:
2852:Mycobacteriaceae
2848:
2847:
2750:Actinomycetaceae
2746:
2745:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2588:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2375:. Archived from
2365:
2352:
2351:
2325:
2299:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2272:
2262:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2201:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2122:(1â2): 179â187.
2107:
2101:
2100:
2082:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2007:
2001:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1969:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1936:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1744:. Archived from
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1717:on 15 April 2017
1716:
1710:. Archived from
1705:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1671:
1662:(4): 1104â1120.
1645:
1636:
1635:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1560:. Archived from
1559:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1531:. Archived from
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1505:. Archived from
1498:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1459:(2â4): 119â126.
1448:
1442:
1441:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1315:. Archived from
1309:
1303:
1302:
1284:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1065:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1013:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
963:
941:Paratuberculosis
787:), and coyotes (
513:and overlapping
509:2012 tried both
322:confluent growth
166:
122:Mycobacteriaceae
73:
72:
46:
32:
31:
21:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6224:Bovine diseases
6189:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6174:
6169:
6161:
6159:
6151:
6146:
6138:
6133:
6125:
6120:
6112:
6107:
6099:
6094:
6086:
6081:
6073:
6068:
6060:
6055:
6047:
6042:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6018:
6017:
6012:
5999:
5989:
5984:
5934:
5932:
5930:Food portal
5922:
5914:
5863:
5801:
5762:Food libel laws
5725:
5553:
5502:
5468:Modified starch
5430:Food processing
5424:
5371:
5300:
5250:
5246:Sodium benzoate
5222:
5184:
5179:Vibrio cholerae
5073:
5044:Gnathostomiasis
5029:Fasciolopsiasis
4981:
4929:
4920:Mercury in fish
4862:
4857:
4827:
4818:
4793:
4720:
4669:
4646:
4598:
4584:M. pyrenivorans
4524:
4475:
4469:M. vaccae group
4464:
4459:M. farcinogenes
4434:
4399:
4344:
4286:M. canariasense
4252:
4249:Rapidly growing
4239:
4196:
4178:
4159:
4122:
4053:M. simiae group
4052:
4045:M. simiae clade
4028:
3990:
3944:
3904:M. xenopi group
3896:
3886:
3863:
3818:
3776:
3769:M. scrofulaceum
3712:
3655:
3637:
3613:
3606:M. lepromatosis
3599:M. lepraemurium
3583:
3520:
3471:M. tuberculosis
3462:
3448:
3435:
3429:
3419:
3411:
3401:
3371:
3366:
3342:
3287:
3237:
3198:
3132:
3111:
3067:
3063:Histoid leprosy
3018:
2865:
2862:M. tuberculosis
2833:
2813:
2735:
2726:
2686:Tuberculosis -
2650:Wayback Machine
2639:
2634:
2625:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2565:
2561:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2479:
2475:
2422:
2415:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2367:
2366:
2355:
2297:
2290:
2286:
2253:(9): e0004124.
2238:
2234:
2219:
2215:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2108:
2104:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2040:Vermont History
2037:
2033:
2024:
2020:
2008:
2004:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1913:
1909:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1749:
1742:www.food.gov.uk
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1646:
1639:
1607:
1600:
1591:
1589:
1585:Daily Hansard.
1583:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1536:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1499:
1495:
1484:
1480:
1449:
1445:
1434:Gisborne Herald
1428:
1427:
1423:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1396:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1349:
1345:
1340:. 21 July 2011.
1336:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1195:
1191:
1160:
1156:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1018:
1011:
1001:
997:
964:
960:
956:
922:
899:
875:M. tuberculosis
845:
820:African buffalo
806:
760:right to farm.
726:
720:
595:
589:
527:
503:
498:
479:
374:
350:M. tuberculosis
338:M. tuberculosis
331:
318:
295:
290:
226:
188:generation time
175:
168:
162:
149:
112:Mycobacteriales
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6247:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6167:
6157:
6144:
6131:
6118:
6105:
6092:
6079:
6066:
6053:
6040:
6025:
6009:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5972:
5962:
5952:
5942:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5885:Food marketing
5882:
5877:
5871:
5869:
5868:Related topics
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5834:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5811:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5743:
5741:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5603:
5594:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5512:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5453:Food additives
5450:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5381:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5175:
5167:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5125:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5079:Microorganisms
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5049:Paragonimiasis
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5014:Cyclosporiasis
5011:
5006:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4935:Food additives
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4910:Lead poisoning
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4864:
4863:
4856:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4809:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4784:
4781:M. massiliense
4777:
4774:M. immunogenum
4770:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4736:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4704:
4703:
4694:M. confluentis
4689:
4688:
4666:
4665:
4661:M. moriokaense
4644:
4637:
4624:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4588:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4564:
4561:M. vanbaalenii
4557:
4544:
4543:
4533:M. mucogenicum
4522:
4509:
4495:
4494:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4431:
4430:
4426:M. senegalense
4396:
4395:
4392:M. houstonense
4388:
4380:
4379:
4359:
4357:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4334:
4333:
4330:M. brisbanense
4325:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4300:M. diernhoferi
4296:
4289:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4270:M. mageritense
4265:
4263:
4256:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4191:M. intermedium
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4169:
4166:M. interjectum
4162:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4113:M. lentiflavum
4106:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4084:
4075:M. florentinum
4071:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4038:
4037:Short helix 18
4034:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3979:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3915:
3907:
3905:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3832:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3792:
3789:M. haemophilum
3784:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3750:M. nebraskense
3742:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3717:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3676:
3660:
3652:
3650:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3525:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3459:
3457:
3450:
3441:
3438:nonchromogenic
3417:Slowly growing
3413:
3412:
3408:Nontuberculous
3400:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3211:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3193:M. haemophilum
3189:
3188:
3187:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3143:
3141:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3122:
3120:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3095:
3087:
3085:
3075:
3073:Nontuberculous
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3030:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2940:Lupus vulgaris
2937:
2932:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2891:
2886:
2884:Ghon's complex
2872:
2870:
2854:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2741:Actinomycineae
2737:
2736:
2733:Actinomycetota
2725:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2683:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2638:
2637:External links
2635:
2633:
2632:
2608:
2559:
2548:www.stoptb.org
2535:
2516:(3): 159â165.
2500:
2493:
2473:
2436:(6): 899â908.
2413:
2389:
2353:
2308:(1): e21âe25.
2284:
2232:
2213:
2164:
2150:
2141:
2102:
2073:(2): 368â378.
2053:
2044:
2031:
2018:
2002:
1985:
1956:
1927:(1): 157â166.
1907:
1886:
1861:
1836:
1827:
1780:
1758:
1728:
1691:
1637:
1618:(2): 287â301.
1598:
1577:
1545:
1519:
1493:
1478:
1443:
1421:
1418:on 2012-03-30.
1403:
1378:
1359:(1): 101â106.
1343:
1329:
1304:
1273:Annual Reviews
1249:
1224:
1189:
1154:
1129:Tuber Lung Dis
1119:
1095:
1027:
995:
982:(3): 273â282.
957:
955:
952:
951:
950:
943:
938:
933:
928:
921:
918:
898:
895:
844:
841:
805:
802:
793:dead-end hosts
771:is endemic in
719:
716:
588:
587:United Kingdom
585:
526:
523:
519:less sensitive
502:
499:
497:
494:
478:
475:
403:pasteurisation
373:
370:
330:
327:
317:
314:
294:
291:
289:
286:
225:
222:
177:
176:
169:
158:
157:
151:
150:
143:
141:
137:
136:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
92:Actinomycetota
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
61:
60:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6246:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6177:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6158:
6154:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6058:
6054:
6050:
6045:
6041:
6036:
6030:
6026:
6021:
6015:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5993:
5981:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5961:
5953:
5951:
5943:
5941:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5890:Food politics
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5855:(South Korea)
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5720:
5719:United States
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5640:2011 Germany
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5597:1996 Odwalla
5595:
5593:
5591:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5228:Preservatives
5225:
5219:
5218:Methamidophos
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5059:Toxoplasmosis
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4970:Vegetable oil
4968:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4842:
4840:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4815:
4814:
4813:M. holsaticum
4810:
4808:
4807:
4806:M. elephantis
4803:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4733:M. komossense
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4634:M. flavescens
4630:
4629:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4528:
4527:M. aubagnense
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4443:M. peregrinum
4439:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4293:M. cosmeticum
4290:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3895:Long helix 18
3893:
3881:
3880:
3879:M. conspicuum
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3513:M. pinnipedii
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3447:Long helix 18
3445:
3442:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:MAI infection
3169:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:Scrofuloderma
2928:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:Actinomycosis
2763:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2496:
2494:9781786391520
2490:
2486:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2418:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2184:(4): 229â40.
2183:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1896:
1890:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1851:on 2012-04-28
1850:
1846:
1840:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1768:
1762:
1748:on 2017-04-15
1747:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1642:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1581:
1567:on 2007-08-05
1563:
1556:
1549:
1535:on 2007-08-11
1534:
1530:
1523:
1509:on 2007-08-07
1508:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:Vet Microbiol
1447:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1393:on 2012-12-19
1392:
1388:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1333:
1319:on 2011-01-30
1318:
1314:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1253:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:(2): 90â105.
1169:
1165:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1017:
1010:
1008:
999:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
971:
962:
958:
949:
948:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
894:
892:
888:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
840:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
821:
816:
815:water buffalo
812:
801:
798:
794:
790:
789:Canis latrans
786:
783:), opossums (
782:
781:Procyon lotor
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
753:
751:
746:
739:
735:
730:
725:
718:United States
715:
713:
712:Helen McShane
709:
708:Rachel Tanner
704:
702:
698:
693:
688:
685:
680:
678:
677:
671:
669:
665:
659:
655:
652:
650:
647:due to their
646:
643:, especially
642:
638:
633:
630:
629:M. bovis
626:
622:
618:
614:
612:
608:
604:
603:M. bovis
600:
599:M. bovis
594:
584:
581:
577:
575:
571:
566:
564:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
493:
491:
487:
483:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:domestic cats
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
390:
383:
378:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
326:
323:
313:
310:
306:
303:
299:
285:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
267:Mycobacterium
264:
260:
259:Gram-positive
255:
253:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
221:
219:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:
173:
167:
165:
159:
156:
155:Binomial name
152:
148:
147:
146:M. bovis
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:Mycobacterium
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:Actinomycetia
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
6209:Mycobacteria
6199:Tuberculosis
6004:
5900:Food quality
5807:Institutions
5641:
5607:
5598:
5589:
5473:Nitrosamines
5236:Benzoic acid
5198:Chlorpyrifos
5177:
5171:
5162:
5145:
5128:
5120:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5069:Trichuriasis
5054:Toxocariasis
5024:Enterobiasis
4900:Formaldehyde
4811:
4804:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4767:M. abscessus
4765:
4758:
4753:M. aichiense
4751:
4746:M. tokaiense
4744:
4738:
4731:
4713:
4709:M. smegmatis
4707:
4698:
4692:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:M. monacense
4639:
4632:
4626:
4619:
4613:
4593:M. poriferae
4591:
4582:
4575:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4539:M. phocaicum
4537:
4531:
4525:
4517:
4511:
4506:M. chubuense
4504:
4498:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4457:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4424:
4418:
4414:M. fortuitum
4412:
4408:M. boenickei
4406:
4400:
4390:
4385:M. rhodesiae
4383:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4337:
4328:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:M. wolinskyi
4275:
4268:
4234:M. arosiense
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4189:
4171:
4164:
4148:
4142:
4130:
4111:
4099:
4092:
4086:
4079:
4073:
4066:
4062:M. genavense
4060:
4021:
4015:
4010:M. hiberniae
4008:
4001:
3981:
3974:
3960:
3939:M. hassiacum
3937:
3930:
3923:
3919:M. shimoidei
3917:
3912:M. botniense
3910:
3877:
3854:
3842:M. asiaticum
3840:
3811:M. malmoense
3809:
3797:
3787:
3767:
3757:M. seoulense
3755:
3748:
3734:
3722:
3703:M. bohemicum
3701:
3689:
3683:
3679:
3671:
3665:
3628:
3621:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3544:
3532:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3485:M. africanum
3483:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3404:Mycobacteria
3359:
3328:
3314:
3300:
3280:
3258:
3251:Nocardiaceae
3232:M. abscessus
3230:
3223:
3218:M. fortuitum
3216:
3191:
3185:Buruli ulcer
3177:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3125:
3097:
3090:
3023:
2922:
2893:
2889:Pott disease
2876:Tuberculosis
2866:
2860:
2826:
2806:
2792:
2777:
2757:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2624:. Retrieved
2620:
2611:
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2572:
2562:
2551:. Retrieved
2547:
2538:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2483:
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2433:
2429:
2405:. Retrieved
2401:
2392:
2381:. Retrieved
2377:the original
2372:
2305:
2301:
2287:
2250:
2246:
2235:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2153:
2144:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2047:
2039:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2010:
2005:
1993:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1974:. 3 Dec 2013
1959:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1899:. Retrieved
1889:
1878:. Retrieved
1875:The Guardian
1874:
1864:
1853:. Retrieved
1849:the original
1839:
1830:
1808:(2): 67â72.
1805:
1799:
1771:. Retrieved
1761:
1750:. Retrieved
1746:the original
1741:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1712:the original
1708:defra.gov.uk
1707:
1694:
1659:
1653:
1615:
1611:
1590:. Retrieved
1580:
1569:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1548:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:the original
1522:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:the original
1496:
1487:
1481:
1456:
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1438:the original
1433:
1424:
1416:the original
1406:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:the original
1381:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1332:
1321:. Retrieved
1317:the original
1307:
1268:
1262:
1252:
1241:. Retrieved
1239:. 2015-05-05
1236:
1227:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:
1098:
1045:
1041:
1030:
1019:. Retrieved
1006:
998:
979:
975:
969:
961:
945:
906:pyrazinamide
901:
900:
886:
883:
874:
870:
864:
848:
846:
838:
825:
824:
810:
807:
796:
788:
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689:
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656:
653:
636:
634:
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598:
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582:
578:
567:
563:North Island
559:
554:
542:
528:
506:
504:
485:
481:
480:
416:
411:
406:
394:
393:
388:
386:
372:Pathogenesis
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
341:
337:
333:
332:
319:
308:
304:
297:
296:
280:They are non
279:
266:
256:
251:
250:
227:
213:
207:
203:
196:tuberculosis
182:
181:
180:
163:
161:
145:
144:
132:
55:used in the
52:
35:
29:
6083:iNaturalist
6029:Wikispecies
5980:WikiProject
5817:(Hong Kong)
5554: [
5516:Devon colic
5390:Breast milk
5362:Nonylphenol
5337:Bisphenol A
5274:controversy
5141:Hepatitis E
5136:Hepatitis A
5114:Enterovirus
5107:Cronobacter
5064:Trichinosis
5034:Fasciolosis
5004:Anisakiasis
4975:controversy
4868:Adulterants
4788:M. bolletii
4760:M. chelonae
4649:M. pulveris
4437:M. septicum
4420:M. porcinum
4321:M. neoaurum
4213:M. triviale
4144:M. palustre
4094:M. parmense
4023:M. arupense
3976:M. branderi
3856:M. gordonae
3724:M. kansasii
3691:M. chimaera
3567:M. shottsii
3560:M. ulcerans
3499:M. canettii
3406:(including
3274:Nocardiosis
3225:M. chelonae
3179:M. ulcerans
3127:M. gordonae
3092:M. kansasii
2621:tbfacts.org
2223:Cornell Vet
1205:(1): 1â15.
758:libertarian
645:fallow deer
621:Meles meles
574:1080 poison
531:New Zealand
525:New Zealand
6193:Categories
5731:Regulation
5714:death toll
5483:Shortening
5448:Acrylamide
5377:Food fraud
5357:Mycotoxins
5190:Pesticides
5164:Salmonella
5039:Giardiasis
4999:Amoebiasis
4943:Flavorings
4628:M. duvalii
4519:M. sphagni
4478:M. obuense
4349:F/T groups
4307:M. hodleri
4227:M. tusciae
4220:M. doricum
4150:M. kubicae
4068:M. triplex
3983:M. celatum
3799:M. szulgai
3642:K/H groups
3534:M. marinum
3492:M. microti
3322:Erythrasma
3308:Diphtheria
3099:M. marinum
2972:Tuberculid
2904:Rich focus
2899:Meningitis
2880:Ghon focus
2626:2019-10-04
2553:2019-10-04
2407:2019-10-04
2383:2019-10-04
1970:(Report).
1901:2012-04-28
1880:2012-04-28
1855:2012-04-28
1752:2017-04-14
1592:2007-07-30
1571:2007-07-30
1539:2007-07-30
1513:2007-07-30
1397:2011-08-09
1323:2011-07-22
1275:: 87â109.
1243:2022-11-18
1113:2022-11-18
1021:2007-08-02
954:References
914:rifampicin
879:One Health
830:Birmingham
738:California
701:Lord Krebs
649:gregarious
591:See also:
439:carnivores
284:-forming.
202:(known as
5777:ISO 22000
5739:watchdogs
5735:standards
5709:outbreaks
5610:outbreaks
5488:Trans fat
5400:Olive oil
5322:Aflatoxin
5296:Sucralose
5281:Saccharin
5269:Aspartame
5213:Malathion
5158:Rotavirus
5153:Norovirus
4740:M. murale
4715:M. goodii
4678:M. brumae
4568:M. vaccae
4484:M. gilvum
4376:M. gadium
4370:M. fallax
4364:M. chitae
4254:Runyon IV
4205:Ungrouped
4101:M. simiae
4003:M. terrae
3962:M. cookii
3925:M. xenopi
3736:M. gastri
3592:M. leprae
3506:M. caprae
3025:M. leprae
2924:cutaneous
2595:0903-1936
2522:0025-7680
2450:1080-6040
2332:1473-3099
1943:1868-8551
1291:2165-8102
1072:0027-8424
972:nom. nov"
910:isoniazid
897:Treatment
706:In 2017,
697:Brian May
692:Bow Group
668:Hampshire
664:Berkshire
609:and the
459:mustelids
451:omnivores
382:wild boar
263:acid-fast
244:, and no
204:bovine TB
140:Species:
6214:Zoonoses
6101:10031373
6014:Wikidata
5970:Cookbook
5950:Category
5752:E number
5644:outbreak
5601:outbreak
5592:outbreak
5342:Dieldrin
5291:Sorbitol
5147:Listeria
5087:Botulism
4915:Melamine
4885:Aldicarb
4684:M. phlei
4554:M. aurum
4449:M. alvei
3680:M. avium
3673:M. avium
3623:M. lacus
3478:M. bovis
3148:M. avium
2867:M. bovis
2646:Archived
2603:27540021
2530:27295705
2510:Medicina
2468:23735540
2340:27697390
2279:26421930
2229:: 363â5.
2208:20475680
2136:21414734
2089:20688630
1951:27667476
1822:19944609
1773:28 March
1678:19901384
1632:16434219
1473:16343818
1299:26884103
1219:12507561
1184:12359464
1090:12788972
920:See also
902:M. bovis
887:M. bovis
871:M. bovis
849:M. bovis
826:M. bovis
811:M. bovis
797:M. bovis
769:M. bovis
765:M. bovis
750:M. bovis
734:Michigan
637:M. bovis
625:M. bovis
570:trapping
555:M. bovis
543:M. bovis
486:M. bovis
482:M. bovis
412:M. bovis
407:M. bovis
399:raw milk
395:M. bovis
389:M. bovis
366:M. bovis
362:M. bovis
354:M. bovis
342:M. bovis
334:M. bovis
309:in vitro
298:M. bovis
238:flagella
214:M. bovis
118:Family:
88:Phylum:
82:Bacteria
78:Domain:
59:vaccine
53:M. bovis
6075:3225107
6020:Q133447
5960:Commons
5833:(Spain)
5642:E. coli
5608:E. coli
5599:E. coli
5590:E. coli
5410:Seafood
5310:poisons
5208:Lindane
5172:E. coli
5131:O157:H7
5123:O104:H4
4925:Sudan I
4895:Cyanide
4615:M. agri
3897:(other)
3585:Leprosy
3449:(TKHGC)
3150:complex
3034:Leprosy
2989:Miliary
2459:4816377
2348:4856942
2270:4589280
2199:2234683
2097:6456169
1721:4 April
1686:7102058
1527:defra.
1501:defra.
1361:Bibcode
1149:7579326
1050:Bibcode
834:England
617:Badgers
515:peptide
501:Testing
463:rodents
447:coyotes
437:, wild
346:aerobic
246:capsule
242:fimbria
230:bacilli
192:aerobic
128:Genus:
108:Order:
98:Class:
6176:310545
6160:NZOR:
6127:963813
6088:410825
6062:MYCBBO
5415:Shrimp
5352:Dioxin
5306:Toxins
4880:3-MCPD
3682:subp.
3618:other
2601:
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2528:
2520:
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2456:
2448:
2346:
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2095:
2087:
2015:online
1998:online
1978:7 July
1949:
1941:
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1676:
1630:
1471:
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1289:
1217:
1182:
1147:
1088:
1081:164681
1078:
1070:
804:Global
545:. The
539:vector
507:et al.
467:equids
449:) and
427:llamas
419:cattle
405:kills
200:cattle
6114:74507
6096:IRMNG
6049:44W35
5558:]
5405:Prawn
5385:Bread
4958:Sugar
2894:brain
2344:S2CID
2298:(PDF)
2178:J Hyg
2093:S2CID
1968:(PDF)
1921:ALTEX
1796:(PDF)
1715:(PDF)
1704:(PDF)
1682:S2CID
1565:(PDF)
1558:(PDF)
1271:(1).
1237:DAERA
1012:(PDF)
607:DEFRA
537:is a
471:sheep
443:foxes
358:pykA
300:is a
282:spore
234:cocci
174:19210
6153:1765
6148:NCBI
6135:LPSN
6122:ITIS
6070:GBIF
6057:EPPO
4953:Salt
4139:R2S
4127:R3N
4108:R2S
4057:R3N
3874:R2S
3806:R3N
3794:R2S
3764:R3N
3745:R2S
3731:R3N
3719:R1P
3698:R2S
3662:R3N
3541:R2S
3436:R3N=
3430:R2S=
2599:PMID
2591:ISSN
2526:PMID
2518:ISSN
2489:ISBN
2464:PMID
2446:ISSN
2336:PMID
2328:ISSN
2275:PMID
2204:PMID
2132:PMID
2085:PMID
1980:2014
1947:PMID
1939:ISSN
1818:PMID
1775:2014
1723:2017
1674:PMID
1628:PMID
1469:PMID
1295:PMID
1287:ISSN
1215:PMID
1180:PMID
1145:PMID
1086:PMID
1068:ISSN
912:and
873:and
736:and
710:and
666:and
641:deer
461:and
431:pigs
423:deer
307:For
216:can
172:ATCC
6109:ISC
6044:CoL
5420:Tea
5395:Egg
5203:DDT
3970:R3N
3956:R2S
3850:R2S
3836:R1P
3657:MAC
3614:R3N
3554:R3N
3528:R1P
3522:MPM
3464:MTC
3166:MAP
2581:doi
2454:PMC
2438:doi
2402:WHO
2373:WHO
2318:hdl
2310:doi
2265:PMC
2255:doi
2194:PMC
2186:doi
2124:doi
2120:151
2075:doi
1929:doi
1810:doi
1664:doi
1620:doi
1616:173
1461:doi
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1277:doi
1207:doi
1172:doi
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1076:PMC
1058:doi
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857:OIE
853:WHO
529:In
490:BCG
469:or
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