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223:. Continuing south, on 18 April 1891 they reached Bunkeya and were received courteously by Msiri. Le Marinel spent seven weeks at Bunkeya, but was unable to persuade Msiri to formally accept Belgian authority. He left a small garrison nearby to observe developments and returned to Lusambo, arriving on 18 August 1891. Another expedition under
144:
in the west. Based on
Bunkeya, the state controlled a huge central-African trading network, mostly dealing in slaves but also in ivory, salt, copper and iron ore. Traders came to Bunkeya from the Zambezi and Congo basins, from Angola, Uganda and Zanzibar. The Arabs from the east coast bought guns and
274:
The
Belgians forced Mukanda Bantu and his followers to move to Lukafu, where they stayed for eighteen years before being allowed to return. The situation gradually improved, with piped potable water being available under the leadership of Musamfya Ntanga (1940–1956). After 1976, the population grew
270:
The death of Msiri ended a rule that had become tyrannical, but also destroyed political stability. Trading caravans no longer came to
Bunkeya, the local people suffered from famine and disease, and many left the town. The Belgians recognized one of Msiri's sons, Mukanda Bantu, as his successor.
263:. In 1891 he was commissioned to lead an expedition of 336 porters and askaris from Zanzibar to Bunkeya to obtain Msiri's submission. Stairs demanded that Msiri accept the sovereignty of Leopold II over his territory. Msiri again refused and fled to a nearby village where he was killed by
271:
Stairs had accepted
Mukanda Bantu as Msiri's chosen heir, but restricted him to the territory immediately surrounding Bunkeya and removed all real power. Over the next few years the Belgians established their authority in the region and began exploiting its huge mineral resources.
275:
fast. Agriculture is productive, yielding crops of maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, legumes and peanuts. However, the water supply is insufficient and health care is inadequate, with few people able to afford drugs. The village does have a hospital and a tuberculosis clinic.
128:, the son of an East African trader. Msiri's father had been in the business of buying copper ore in Katanga and transporting it to the east coast of Africa for resale. As a young man Msiri remained behind in the region as his father's agent. He became leader of a group of
203:
to
Bunkeya to try to obtain a treaty with Msiri. One of the missionaries, acting as an interpreter and witness, read the complete text. Msiri was furious when he heard what he was being asked to agree to, and Sharpe was forced to make a hasty departure to save his life.
188:, arrived in 1890 and was to be a witness to Msiri's assassination. Msiri employed Faulknor and other missionaries as "errand boys", symbols of his influence, while Faulknor taught and converted a small group of redeemed slaves.
168:
was the first
European to reach Bunkeya, arriving on 20 January 1884. He was followed by Capello and Ivens, two Portuguese explorers seeking a trade route to link Angola and Mozambique. In February 1886 the Scottish missionary
30:
160:'s boma (compound) at Bunkeya. The objects on top of the four poles, below which some of Msiri's warriors are gathered, are heads of his enemies. More skulls are on the stakes forming the stockade.
177:
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arrived at
Bunkeya unaccompanied and without food or trade goods. Msiri welcomed him and let him settle, but discouraged him from teaching his religion.
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112:. Before the Belgian colonial conquest, Bunkeya was the center of a major trading state under the ruler
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39:'s kingdom, with Bunkeya as capital, and the route taken by the Stairs Expedition of 1891 / 1892
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505:
European atrocity, African catastrophe: Leopold II, the Congo Free State and its aftermath
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628:
Rotberg, Robert I. (1964). "Plymouth
Brethren and the Occupation of Katanga, 1886-1907".
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267:, a member of Stairs' force. Resistance ceased and Katanga came under Belgian rule.
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247:, was decisive. At the age of 25 the Canadian-born engineer, soldier and mercenary
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of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is located on a huge plain near the
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With
Captain Stairs to Katanga: Slavery and Subjugation in the Congo 1891-92
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evangelical movement, arrived at Bunkeya. Another member of the Brethren,
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began taking an interest and sent agents to Katanga. In 1890 Rhodes sent
219:, crossed the Lualaba in March 1891, where they met a representative of
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Nachituti's gift: economy, society, and environment in central Africa
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dispatched three expeditions to Bunkeya. The first, 300 people under
497:(in French). Vol. 11. Université catholique de Louvain. 1979.
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Unaware of this, and responding to the British challenge, King
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180:, a young Canadian from Hamilton, Ontario who had joined the
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Although the territory had been ceded to Belgium under the
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Place in Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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reached Bunkeya later that year, but had no more success.
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Later, several other missionaries joined Arnot. In 1887,
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ammunition, which Msiri used to maintain his position.
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In the later 19th-century, Bunkeya was the capital of
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Arkaris and porters of the 1891-2 Stairs Expedition
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495:Cultures et développement (1835-1969)
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679:Populated places in Lualaba Province
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482:. Mwami Msiri, King of Garanganze
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84:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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630:The Journal of African History
613:. University Rochester Press.
255:'s 1887 expedition to relieve
251:had been second in command of
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607:Philips, John Edward (2006).
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523:Gondola, Ch. Didier (2002).
245:Stairs Expedition to Katanga
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586:Moloney, Joseph A. (2007).
556:. Univ of Wisconsin Press.
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695:
649:Wilson, T. Ernest (2007).
571:Meuris, Christine (2001).
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243:The third expedition, the
642:10.1017/s0021853700004849
550:Gordon, David M. (2006).
451:Cultures et développement
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231:Conquest and later years
193:Berlin Conference (1884)
610:Writing African History
171:Frederick Stanley Arnot
64:10.397434°S 26.968059°E
653:. Gospel Folio Press.
573:"SCRAMBLE FOR KATANGA"
502:Ewans, Martin (2002).
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178:William Henry Faulknor
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104:is a community in the
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209:Leopold II of Belgium
164:The German scientist
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69:-10.397434; 26.968059
592:. Jeppestown Press.
527:The history of Congo
253:Henry Morton Stanley
249:William Grant Stairs
225:Alexandre Delcommune
351:, pp. 285–297.
140:in the east to the
60: /
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599:978-0-9553936-5-5
182:Plymouth Brethren
149:European contacts
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508:. Routledge.
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427:Gondola 2002
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412:Moloney 2007
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349:Rotberg 1964
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313:Gondola 2002
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215:coming from
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197:Cecil Rhodes
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186:Dan Crawford
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110:Lufira River
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35:Map showing
388:Meuris 2001
337:Gordon 2006
325:Wilson 2007
265:Omer Bodson
67: /
578:2011-12-08
486:2011-12-09
361:Ewans 2002
279:References
257:Emin Pasha
138:Lake Mweru
55:26°58′05″E
52:10°23′51″S
480:"Bunkeya"
261:Equatoria
673:Category
90:Province
472:Sources
463:Bunkeya
217:Lusambo
102:Bunkeya
80:Country
23:Bunkeya
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221:Msiri
158:Msiri
126:Msiri
114:Msiri
37:Msiri
655:ISBN
615:ISBN
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259:in
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